October 21-27

[Emily-Wood]

October 21

• transported 2nd reactor to IAWWTF, attached sludge weir and FOG removal pipes
• gas bag was still completely flat. Removed wet test meter to troubleshoot

October 22

• completed BOD Training (Part 2) (Emily Wood, Cara Smith, Franny Bard)
• modified reactor to prevent effluent spillage. See additional notes below
• a small amount of gas (barely forming a bubble) was present in the gas bag without wet test meter. Safety plug on gas bag was still intact

October 23
| Meeting w/Ruth & Egidio |

• discuss how samples will be taken from the reactor
• Will we be using glass or plastic bottles for BOD testing? Report to Roxanne at IAWWTF.
• determine next step for troubleshooting biogas collection
• discuss the control of variables between the two reactors. (Will both reactors do both continuous and pulse flow? In what order and time span? How to ensure that both reactors start with the similar sludge compositions?)

October 24

• Prepare symposium presentation and assign sections for Report 2

Additional Notes:

• Water was spilling from the part of the effluent tubing that sticks vertically upwards and is open to the atmosphere. The reactor was modified by making this PVC pipe longer. This was accomplished by adding an additional PVC pipe (about 8 in long) to the pre-existing one using a fernco. This was done to both the first and second reactors. [need to take a picture of this]

Priority Tasks

• complete symposium presentation and report
• read through UASB literature supplied by Ruth Richardson (linked in comments below). Focus on start-up timeframes for the reactor. Summarize important info on github. @DominicGrasso
• prepare first reactor for sampling
  - determine how samples will be removed from the reactor
  - Obtain grease pencil to mark level of sludge in the reactor
  - mark out vertical distance on side of reactor for recording sludge height
  - troubleshoot biogas collection. Note: Ed has a portable methane meter that could be used to find a leak
  - obtain a notebook for data collection at the plant (data should also be entered to github)
  - obtain Excel data spreadsheet templates from Gabby at IAWWTF
• Finish Installing 2nd reactor
  - determine how to connect effluent line of Reactor 1 & 2 and obtain necessary materials
  - set up gas line
  - obtain 2nd peristaltic pump head. See RAM Pump lab bench for an example of how to stack 2 pump heads onto 1 pump
  - fill reactor 2 with sludge

Future Tasks

• take a picture of the fernco modification to the effluent tubing
• Replace 2nd zip tie holding splash screen with large butterfly clip
• consider monitoring the distance between the water level and the top of the reactor as a gauge of pressure build-up due to biogas accumulation
• continue Onshape modeling
• Get a very bright light to see into the reactor
• construct apparatus to hold up bag for biogas, possibly using duct tape (suggestion from Ed)

Future Design Considerations

• Find a way to prevent the effluent pipe system from twisting
• update the fabrication manual to include the lengthening of effluent PVC that is open to atmosphere
• consider making the influent pipe clear (suggestion from Ed)

[Emily-Wood]

A list of publications provided by Ruth Richardson to aide in the understanding of UASB's. Focus on the first 4 papers, and refer to the additional resources as needed.

Chernicharo, C.A.L., van Lier, J.B., Noyola, A., Bressani Ribeiro, T., 2015. Anaerobic sewage treatment: state of the art, constraints and challenges. REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND BIO-TECHNOLOGY 14, 649–679. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-015-9377-3

Shoener, B.D., Bradley, I.M., Cusick, R.D., Guest, J.S., 2014. Energy positive domestic wastewater treatment: the roles of anaerobic and phototrophic technologies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS 16, 1204–1222. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3em00711a

Verbyla, M.E., Oakley, S.M., Mihelcic, J.R., 2013. Wastewater Infrastructure for Small Cities in an Urbanizing World: Integrating Protection of Human Health and the Environment with Resource Recovery and Food Security. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 47, 3598–3605. https://doi.org/10.1021/es3050955

Kassab, G., Halalsheh, M., Klapwijk, A., Fayyad, M., van Lier, J.B., 2010. Sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatment for domestic wastewater - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 101, 3299–3310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.039

Additional Resources:

Abbasi, T., Abbasi, S.A., 2012. Formation and impact of granules in fostering clean energy production and wastewater treatment in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 16, 1696–1708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.11.017

Abdelgadir, A., Chen, X., Liu, J., Xie, X., Zhang, J., Zhang, K., Wang, H., Liu, N., 2014. Characteristics, Process Parameters, and Inner Components of Anaerobic Bioreactors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/841573

Amani, T., Nosrati, M., Mousavi, S.M., 2012. Response surface methodology analysis of anaerobic syntrophic degradation of volatile fatty acids in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor inoculated with enriched cultures. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING 17, 133–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-011-0248-7

Batstone, D.J., Puyol, D., Flores-Alsina, X., Rodriguez, J., 2015. Mathematical modelling of anaerobic digestion processes: applications and future needs. REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND BIO-TECHNOLOGY 14, 595–613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-015-9376-4

Buzzini, A.P., Pires, E.C., 2007. Evaluation of a upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor with partial recirculation of effluent used to treat wastewaters from pulp and paper plants. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 98, 1838–1848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.06.030

Chernicharo, C.A.L., van Lier, J.B., Noyola, A., Bressani Ribeiro, T., 2015. Anaerobic sewage treatment: state of the art, constraints and challenges. REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND BIO-TECHNOLOGY 14, 649–679. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-015-9377-3

Chong, S., Sen, T.K., Kayaalp, A., Ang, H.M., 2012. The performance enhancements of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors for domestic sludge treatment - A State-of-the-art review. WATER RESEARCH 46, 3434–3470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.03.066

Donoso-Bravo, A., Mailier, J., Martin, C., Rodriguez, J., Aceves-Lara, C.A., Vande Wouwer, A., 2011. Model selection, identification and validation in anaerobic digestion: A review. WATER RESEARCH 45, 5347–5364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.059

Escudie, R., Cresson, R., Delgenes, J.-P., Bernet, N., 2011. Control of start-up and operation of anaerobic biofilm reactors: An overview of 15 years of research. WATER RESEARCH 45, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.07.081

Ghaniyari-Benis, S., Borja, R., Monemian, S.A., Goodarzi, V., 2009. Anaerobic treatment of synthetic medium-strength wastewater using a multistage biofilm reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 100, 1740–1745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.046

Jimenez, J., Latrille, E., Harmand, J., Robles, A., Ferrer, J., Gaida, D., Wolf, C., Mairet, F., Bernard, O., Alcaraz-Gonzalez, V., Mendez-Acosta, H., Zitomer, D., Totzke, D., Spanjers, H., Jacobi, F., Guwy, A., Dinsdale, R., Premier, G., Mazhegrane, S., Ruiz-Filippi, G., Seco, A., Ribeiro, T., Pauss, A., Steyer, J.-P., 2015. Instrumentation and control of anaerobic digestion processes: a review and some research challenges. REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND BIO-TECHNOLOGY 14, 615–648. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-015-9382-6

Kassab, G., Halalsheh, M., Klapwijk, A., Fayyad, M., van Lier, J.B., 2010. Sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatment for domestic wastewater - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 101, 3299–3310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.039

Ketheesan, B., Stuckey, D.C., 2015. Effects of Hydraulic/Organic Shock/Transient Loads in Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment: A Review. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 45, 2693–2727. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2015.1046771

Khan, A.A., Gaur, R.Z., Tyagi, V.K., Khursheed, A., Lew, B., Mehrotra, I., Kazmi, A.A., 2011. Sustainable options of post treatment of UASB effluent treating sewage: A review. RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING 55, 1232–1251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.05.017

Latif, M.A., Ghufran, R., Wahid, Z.A., Ahmad, A., 2011. Integrated application of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for the treatment of wastewaters. WATER RESEARCH 45, 4683–4699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.05.049

Li, W.-W., Yu, H.-Q., 2013. Anaerobic Granule Technologies for Hydrogen Recovery from Wastes: The Way Forward. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 43, 1246–1280. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2011.644218

Lim, S.J., Fox, P., 2011. Evaluation of a static granular bed reactor using a chemical oxygen demand balance and mathematical modeling. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 102, 6399–6404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.031

Lim, S.J., Kim, T.-H., 2014. Applicability and trends of anaerobic granular sludge treatment processes. BIOMASS & BIOENERGY 60, 189–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.11.011

Liotta, F., Chatellier, P., Esposito, G., Fabbricino, M., Van Hullebusch, E.D., Lens, P.N.L., Pirozzi, F., 2015a. Current Views on Hydrodynamic Models of Nonideal Flow Anaerobic Reactors. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 45, 2175–2207. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2015.1010426

Liotta, F., Chatellier, P., Esposito, G., Fabbricino, M., Van Hullebusch, E.D., Lens, P.N.L., Pirozzi, F., 2015b. Current Views on Hydrodynamic Models of Nonideal Flow Anaerobic Reactors. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 45, 2175–2207. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2015.1010426

Lopez, I., Borzacconi, L., 2010. UASB reactor hydrodynamics: residence time distribution and proposed modelling tools. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 31, 591–600. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593331003646638

Ma, X. (Cissy), Xue, X., Gonzalez-Meija, A., Garland, J., Cashdollar, J., 2015. Sustainable Water Systems for the City of Tomorrow-A Conceptual Framework. SUSTAINABILITY 7, 12071–12105. https://doi.org/10.3390/su70912071

Martinez-Sibaja, A., Alvarado-Lassman, A., Astorga-Zaragoza, C.M., Adam-Medina, M., Posada-Gomez, R., Rodriguez-Jarquin, J.P., 2011. Volumetric gas meter for laboratory-scale anaerobic bioreactors. MEASUREMENT 44, 1801–1805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2011.08.018

Mendes, C., Magalhes, R. da S., Esquerre, K., Queiroz, L.M., 2015. Artificial Neural Network Modeling for Predicting Organic Matter in a Full-Scale Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT 20, 625–635. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-015-9450-x

Montalvo, S., Guerrero, L., Borja, R., Sanchez, E., Milan, Z., Cortes, I., Angeles de la la Rubia, M., 2012. Application of natural zeolites in anaerobic digestion processes: A review. APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE 58, 125–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2012.01.013

Mungray, A.K., Murthy, Z.V.P., Tirpude, A.J., 2010. Post treatment of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket based sewage treatment plant effluents: A review. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 22, 220–237. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2010.1788

Perez, J., Aldana, G., Cardenas, C., 2012. Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) performance through sludge age load and kinetic coefficients. REVISTA TECNICA DE LA FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA 35, 98–108.

Ramirez, I., 2012. ADM1 applications for a hybrid up-flow anaerobic sludge-filter bed reactor performance and for a batch thermophilic anaerobic digestion of thermally pretreated waste activated sludge. REVISTA FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA-UNIVERSIDAD DE ANTIOQUIA 167–179.

Saliba, P.D., von Sperling, M., 2017. Performance evaluation of a large sewage treatment plant in Brazil, consisting of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor followed by activated sludge. Water Science and Technology 76, 2003–2014. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.284

Saravanan, V., Sreekrishnan, T.R., 2006. Modelling anaerobic biofilm reactors - A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 81, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.10.002

Shoener, B.D., Bradley, I.M., Cusick, R.D., Guest, J.S., 2014a. Energy positive domestic wastewater treatment: the roles of anaerobic and phototrophic technologies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS 16, 1204–1222. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3em00711a

Shoener, B.D., Bradley, I.M., Cusick, R.D., Guest, J.S., 2014b. Energy positive domestic wastewater treatment: the roles of anaerobic and phototrophic technologies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS 16, 1204–1222. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3em00711a

Singh, N.K., Kazmi, A.A., Starkl, M., 2015. A review on full-scale decentralized wastewater treatment systems: techno-economical approach. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 71, 468–478. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.413

Subramanyam, R., 2013. Physicochemical and Morphological Characteristics of Granular Sludge in Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactors. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE 30, 201–212. https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2012.0347

Verbyla, M.E., Oakley, S.M., Mihelcic, J.R., 2013. Wastewater Infrastructure for Small Cities in an Urbanizing World: Integrating Protection of Human Health and the Environment with Resource Recovery and Food Security. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 47, 3598–3605. https://doi.org/10.1021/es3050955

Wang, Y., Yan, L., Li, J., Shen, H., Zhang, C., Qu, T., 2016. A REVIEW OF TECHNOLOGY FOR SMALL SEWAGE TREATMENT: THE CHINESE PERSPECTIVE. OXIDATION COMMUNICATIONS 39, 275–284.

Zheng, M.X., Wang, K.J., Zuo, J.E., Yan, Z., Fang, H., Yu, J.W., 2012. Flow pattern analysis of a full-scale expanded granular sludge bed-type reactor under different organic loading rates. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 107, 33–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.102

[vs344]

Meeting with Ruth and Egidio: 10/23

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oSKHCgXkKsodtu_cK-p0yBO7QcHgSkYXLkIBLQZ1UWw/edit