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Author: CsHeng

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+# 打造基于Docker的Ubuntu 14.04 + PHP-FPM + Nginx运行环境
+
+### 准备工作
+- 安装[docker][1]、docker-compose
+- 更改docker[镜像源地址][2]，加速访问
+
+### 创建Dockerfile
+
+1. 在用户目录下创建docker项目文件夹 
+```
+$ mkdir -p ~/docker && cd ~/docker
+```
+2. 创建Dockerfile
+```
+$ vim Dockerfile
+```
+3. 由于我们是基于Ubuntu14.04做的镜像，所以定义好官方Ubuntu地址即可，在Dockerfile插入:`FROM ubuntu:trusty`，保存Dockerfile，然后运行`docker build -t ubuntu:14.04-php-nginx .`，如果你是第一次运行，需要从上面修改的docker源拉取ubuntu的镜像，会比较久。
+
+![](media/14956799088514/14956931611685.jpg)
+
+
+4. 我们用`docker images`来看结果，会有两个镜像，一个是拉下来的`ubuntu:trusty`，一个是我们定制的镜像: `ubuntu:14.04-php-nginx`
+
+![](media/14956799088514/14956932635561.jpg)
+
+5. 现在我们已经拥有一个本地image，使用**交互模式**启动容器准备进行定制 `docker run -t -i ubuntu:14.04-php-nginx /bin/bash`
+
+![](media/14956799088514/14956933269280.jpg)
+
+6. 把它当成一台装了Ubuntu的虚拟机，该怎么样怎么样，我们准备安装PHP-FPM和Nginx及一些PHP扩展，那么正常命令是这样的：(容器以root用户登录，且默认没有sudo命令，则不需要sudo)
+```
+apt-get update 
+apt-get install -y nginx nginx php5 php5-fpm php5-mongo php5-redis php5-gd php5-curl php5-mcrypt imagemagick php5-imagick supervisor
+```
+漫长的等待时间之后，安装完了
+7. 由于默认的系统是UTC时间，我们将它改为CST
+```
+rm /etc/localtime
+echo "Asia/Shanghai" > /etc/timezone
+dpkg-reconfigure -f noninteractive tzdata
+```
+成功之后会输出当前的`local time`
+
+![](media/14956799088514/14956933774657.jpg)
+
+8. 接下来我们不需要再安装其他软件了，那么可以删掉没有必要的apt缓存：`rm -rf /var/lib/apt/list/*`
+9. 由于docker是无状态的，且启动时只能保留一条`RUN`来执行我们要启动的命令，但是我们需要FPM和Nginx都一起启动，怎么办？于是我们通过`supervisor`来控制，那么我们需要配置`supervisor`：
+supervisord配置：/etc/supervisor/conf.d/supervisord.conf 
+```
+[supervisord]
+nodaemon=true 
+```
+nginx配置：/etc/supervisor/conf.d/nginx.conf 
+```
+[program:nginx] 
+command=/usr/sbin/nginx 
+autostart=true 
+autorestart=true 
+priority=10'
+```
+fpm配置：/etc/supervisor/conf.d/php-fpm.conf
+```
+[program:php-fpm] 
+command=/usr/sbin/php5-fpm 
+autostart=true 
+autorestart=true 
+priority=5'
+```
+10. 好了，需要的东西都安装配置了，接下来就剩下启动`supervisor`了，我们把这个命令放在Dockerfile来启动`CMD ["/usr/bin/supervisord", "-n", "-c",  "/etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf"]`
+
+### 完整的文件是这样子的
+```
+#FROM ubuntu:14.04.05
+FROM ubuntu:trusty
+
+# 更换apt源
+RUN sed -i 's/http:\/\/archive\.ubuntu\.com\/ubuntu\//http:\/\/cn\.archive\.ubuntu\.com\/ubuntu\//g' /etc/apt/sources.list \
+    && apt-get update \
+    && apt-get install -y nginx php5 php5-fpm php5-mongo php5-redis php5-gd php5-curl php5-mcrypt imagemagick php5-imagick supervisor \
+    && rm /etc/localtime \
+    && echo "Asia/Shanghai" > /etc/timezone \
+    && dpkg-reconfigure -f noninteractive tzdata \
+    # remove caches
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
+    # add supervisord conf before CMD
+    && mkdir -p /etc/supervisor/conf.d \
+    && echo '[supervisord] \nnodaemon=true' > /etc/supervisor/conf.d/supervisord.conf \
+    && echo '[program:nginx] \ncommand=/usr/sbin/nginx \nautostart=true \nautorestart=true \npriority=10' > /etc/supervisor/conf.d/nginx.conf \
+    && echo '[program:php-fpm] \ncommand=/usr/sbin/php5-fpm \nautostart=true \nautorestart=true \npriority=5' > /etc/supervisor/conf.d/php-fpm.conf
+
+CMD ["/usr/bin/supervisord", "-n", "-c",  "/etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf"]
+
+```
+
+### 使用方法
+- git pull 本工程
+- cd 进入`docker-compose.yml`文件所在目录（如ubuntu14.04）
+- `docker-compose up -d`，具体用法命令行输入`docker-compose --help`查看
+
+### docker-compose修改
+- 修改ports端口映射
+- 修改目录映射
+    - 修改www目录，将自己本机的目录共享给docker镜像
+    - 修改log目录，以便不需要ssh进docker镜像也可以查看log
+    > nginx/php-fpm/supervisor master process user为root，因此可以直接写入/var/log目录
+    > php-fpm的worker process user为www-data(默认)，因此将worker的error output设置成(php_errors = /tmp/php_error.log)以写入/tmp
+    > 不建议修改系统默认文件夹权限设置，特别是将一些关键目录设置成777或者使用root权限运行程序
+- 修改`docker-compose.yml`文件完毕之后请运行`docker-compose down && docker-compose up -d`重新启动建立映射关系
+
+### docker交互模式
+- 通过`docker-compose up -d`进入后台进程，可以使用`docker exec -i -t $containerId bash`进入交互模式
+- 通过`docker ps`查看所有运行的docker情况
+- 通过`docker-compose ps -q`查看当前镜像运行的containerId
+- 直接使用`docker exec -it $(docker-compose ps -q) bash`进入交互模式
+- 建议添加function到shell以便快速进入`sshdocker() { docker exec -it $(docker-compose ps -q) bash}`(alias在shell载入时会计算出结果，所以不能用alias)
+
+### 其他参考
+- 为什么只用一条RUN命令?
+
+> 每一次RUN都会导致镜像被包装一层，从而有不必要的额外信息被记录，更多详细信息参考：https://yeasy.gitbooks.io/docker_practice/content/image/build.html
+
+- 有什么要注意的？
+
+> supervisor启动的进程不要以daemon形式启动，所以在`php-fpm.conf`和`nginx.conf`都将daemon关闭了，具体详细参数请参考示例工程
+
+- 示例工程：
+
+> 请参考[docker-ubuntu-php-nginx][3]，包含ubuntu14.04和ubuntu16.04的示例
+
+- 更多docker的使用技巧请参考[官网][1]和[git book][4]
+
+[1]: https://www.docker.com/
+[2]: https://c.163.com/wiki/index.php?title=DockerHub%E9%95%9C%E5%83%8F%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F
+[3]: https://github.com/CsHeng/docker-ubuntu-php-nginx
+[4]: https://yeasy.gitbooks.io/docker_practice/content/introduction/
+

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+#FROM ubuntu:14.04.05
+FROM ubuntu:trusty
+
+## 更换apt源
+RUN sed -i 's/http:\/\/archive\.ubuntu\.com\/ubuntu\//http:\/\/cn\.archive\.ubuntu\.com\/ubuntu\//g' /etc/apt/sources.list \
+    && apt-get update \
+    && apt-get install -y nginx php5 php5-fpm php5-mongo php5-redis php5-gd php5-curl php5-mcrypt imagemagick php5-imagick supervisor \
+    && rm /etc/localtime \
+    && echo "Asia/Shanghai" > /etc/timezone \
+    && dpkg-reconfigure -f noninteractive tzdata \
+    # remove caches
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
+    # add supervisord conf before CMD
+    && mkdir -p /etc/supervisor/conf.d \
+    && echo '[supervisord] \nnodaemon=true' > /etc/supervisor/conf.d/supervisord.conf \
+    && echo '[program:nginx] \ncommand=/usr/sbin/nginx \nautostart=true \nautorestart=true \npriority=10' > /etc/supervisor/conf.d/nginx.conf \
+    && echo '[program:php-fpm] \ncommand=/usr/sbin/php5-fpm \nautostart=true \nautorestart=true \npriority=5' > /etc/supervisor/conf.d/php-fpm.conf
+
+CMD ["/usr/bin/supervisord", "-n", "-c",  "/etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf"]

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+# ubuntu 14.04/trusty 基础镜像定制
+
+- 修改apt源
+- 修改时区为CST
+- 安装nginx php-fpm supervisor
+- 安装PHP mongo/redis等库，具体请看`Dockerfile`
+
+### build本地镜像
+- `docker build -t ubuntu:14.04-php-nginx .`
+
+### push到仓库
+- login `docker login --username=[用户名] [仓库地址]`(本地登录Docker registry，后续的push、pull操作需要)
+- tag `docker tag ubuntu:14.04-php-nginx [仓库地址]/ubuntu:14.04-php-nginx`
+- push `docker push [仓库地址]/ubuntu:14.04-php-nginx`
+
+### 使用本镜像的Dockerfile
+- `FROM [仓库地址]/ubuntu:14.04-php-nginx`
+- 镜像默认已启动命令：`CMD ["/usr/bin/supervisord", "-n", "-c",  "/etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf"]`

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+version: '3'
+services:
+  web:
+    tty: true
+    build: .
+    image: ubuntu:14.04-php5.5.9
+    ports:
+     - "80:80"
+    volumes:
+     # php日志映射
+#     - /Users/CsHeng/Downloads/log:/tmp
+     # nginx/php-fpm/supervisor日志映射
+#     - /Users/CsHeng/Downloads/log:/var/log
+     # 代码文件夹映射，注意修改nginx default conf
+#     - /Users/CsHeng/Workspace/Web/server-api:/www/api
+     - ./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
+     - ./nginx/sites-enabled/default:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
+#     - ./php5/fpm/php.ini:/etc/php5/fpm/php.ini
+     - ./php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf:/etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf
+     - ./php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf:/etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

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+user www-data;
+worker_processes 4;
+pid /run/nginx.pid;
+
+daemon off;
+
+events {
+	worker_connections 768;
+	# multi_accept on;
+}
+
+http {
+
+	##
+	# Basic Settings
+	##
+
+	sendfile on;
+	tcp_nopush on;
+	tcp_nodelay on;
+	keepalive_timeout 65;
+	types_hash_max_size 2048;
+	# server_tokens off;
+
+	# server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
+	# server_name_in_redirect off;
+
+	include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
+	default_type application/octet-stream;
+
+	##
+	# Logging Settings
+	##
+
+	#log_format scripts '$document_root$fastcgi_script_name > $request';
+
+	#access_log /www/log/nginx/access.log;
+	#error_log /www/log/nginx/error.log;
+	access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
+	error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
+
+	##
+	# Gzip Settings
+	##
+
+	gzip on;
+	gzip_disable "msie6";
+
+	# gzip_vary on;
+	# gzip_proxied any;
+	# gzip_comp_level 6;
+	# gzip_buffers 16 8k;
+	# gzip_http_version 1.1;
+	# gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
+
+	##
+	# nginx-naxsi config
+	##
+	# Uncomment it if you installed nginx-naxsi
+	##
+
+	#include /etc/nginx/naxsi_core.rules;
+
+	##
+	# nginx-passenger config
+	##
+	# Uncomment it if you installed nginx-passenger
+	##
+	
+	#passenger_root /usr;
+	#passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby;
+
+	##
+	# Virtual Host Configs
+	##
+
+	include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
+	include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
+}
+
+
+#mail {
+#	# See sample authentication script at:
+#	# http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
+# 
+#	# auth_http localhost/auth.php;
+#	# pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
+#	# imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
+# 
+#	server {
+#		listen     localhost:110;
+#		protocol   pop3;
+#		proxy      on;
+#	}
+# 
+#	server {
+#		listen     localhost:143;
+#		protocol   imap;
+#		proxy      on;
+#	}
+#}

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+server {
+    listen 80 default_server;
+    #listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;
+
+    root /www/api/application;
+    index index.php index.html index.htm;
+
+    server_name localhost;
+
+    location ~ \.php$ {
+        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
+        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
+        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
+        #fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
+        fastcgi_index index.php;
+        include fastcgi_params;
+    }
+
+    if (!-e $request_filename) {
+        rewrite /v2d5/(.*)$ /v2d5/index.php?$1 last;
+        rewrite /(.*)$ /legacy/index.php?$1 last;
+        #rewrite /(.*)$ /index.php?$1 last;
+        break;
+    }
+
+}