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object_size.py
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object_size.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
@Author : lance
@Email : [email protected]
在图片中测量物体的大小与计算相机与物体的距离相似——都是需要定义个比率来度量每个给定指标的像素数（pixels per metric ratio）。
**什么是pixels per metric ratio **
为了确定图片中一个物体的大小，首先，我们需要使用参考物体进行“校准”（利用内置或外在的校准，避免混乱）。我们的参考物体需要有两个重要的性质：
性质1：我们应该知道物体的尺寸（就是宽或高）包括测量的单位（如mm、英寸等等）
性质2：我们应该能够很容易地在图片中找到参照物体，无论是基于物体的位置（例如，参考物体总是放在图片的左上角）还是通过外观（例如，独特的颜色或形状
通过确保硬币是最左边的物体，我们可以从左到右对物体轮廓进行排序，获取硬币（始终是排序列表中的第一个轮廓），并使用它定义每个单位的像素数，我们将其定义为：
pixels_per_metric = object_width / know_width
已知硬币的宽度为0.955英寸。现在假设，物体的宽为150像素（基于其关联的边界框）。
pixels_per_metric可得：
pixels_per_metric=150px/0.955in = 157px/in
因此，在图片中应用每英寸所占的像素点为157个。使用这个比率，我们可以计算图片中物体的大小。
'''
# python object_size.py --image images/example_01.png --width 0.955
# python object_size.py --image images/example_02.png --width 0.955
# python object_size.py --image images/example_03.png --width 3.5
# import the necessary packages
from scipy.spatial import distance as dist
from imutils import perspective
from imutils import contours
import numpy as np
import argparse
import imutils
import cv2
def midpoint(ptA, ptB):
return ((ptA[0] + ptB[0]) * 0.5, (ptA[1] + ptB[1]) * 0.5)
# construct the argument parse and parse the arguments
ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
ap.add_argument("-i", "--image", required=True,
help="path to the input image")
ap.add_argument("-w", "--width", type=float, required=True,
help="width of the left-most object in the image (in inches)")
args = vars(ap.parse_args())
# load the image, convert it to grayscale, and blur it slightly
image = cv2.imread(args["image"])
gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
gray = cv2.GaussianBlur(gray, (7, 7), 0)
# perform edge detection, then perform a dilation + erosion to
# close gaps in between object edges
edged = cv2.Canny(gray, 50, 100)
edged = cv2.dilate(edged, None, iterations=1)
edged = cv2.erode(edged, None, iterations=1)
# find contours in the edge map
cnts = cv2.findContours(edged.copy(), cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,
cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
cnts = imutils.grab_contours(cnts)
# sort the contours from left-to-right and initialize the
# 'pixels per metric' calibration variable
(cnts, _) = contours.sort_contours(cnts)
pixelsPerMetric = None
# loop over the contours individually
for c in cnts:
# if the contour is not sufficiently large, ignore it
if cv2.contourArea(c) < 100:
continue
# compute the rotated bounding box of the contour
orig = image.copy()
# orig = image 可将所有结果显示，同时将最后两行显示的代码缩进可以一次性显示最终结果
box = cv2.minAreaRect(c)
box = cv2.cv.BoxPoints(box) if imutils.is_cv2() else cv2.boxPoints(box)
box = np.array(box, dtype="int")
# order the points in the contour such that they appear
# in top-left, top-right, bottom-right, and bottom-left
# order, then draw the outline of the rotated bounding
# box
box = perspective.order_points(box)
cv2.drawContours(orig, [box.astype("int")], -1, (0, 255, 0), 2)
# loop over the original points and draw them
for (x, y) in box:
cv2.circle(orig, (int(x), int(y)), 5, (0, 0, 255), -1)
# unpack the ordered bounding box, then compute the midpoint
# between the top-left and top-right coordinates, followed by
# the midpoint between bottom-left and bottom-right coordinates
(tl, tr, br, bl) = box
(tltrX, tltrY) = midpoint(tl, tr)
(blbrX, blbrY) = midpoint(bl, br)
# compute the midpoint between the top-left and top-right points,
# followed by the midpoint between the top-righ and bottom-right
(tlblX, tlblY) = midpoint(tl, bl)
(trbrX, trbrY) = midpoint(tr, br)
# draw the midpoints on the image
cv2.circle(orig, (int(tltrX), int(tltrY)), 5, (255, 0, 0), -1)
cv2.circle(orig, (int(blbrX), int(blbrY)), 5, (255, 0, 0), -1)
cv2.circle(orig, (int(tlblX), int(tlblY)), 5, (255, 0, 0), -1)
cv2.circle(orig, (int(trbrX), int(trbrY)), 5, (255, 0, 0), -1)
# draw lines between the midpoints
cv2.line(orig, (int(tltrX), int(tltrY)), (int(blbrX), int(blbrY)),
(255, 0, 255), 2)
cv2.line(orig, (int(tlblX), int(tlblY)), (int(trbrX), int(trbrY)),
(255, 0, 255), 2)
# compute the Euclidean distance between the midpoints
dA = dist.euclidean((tltrX, tltrY), (blbrX, blbrY))
dB = dist.euclidean((tlblX, tlblY), (trbrX, trbrY))
# if the pixels per metric has not been initialized, then
# compute it as the ratio of pixels to supplied metric
# (in this case, inches)
if pixelsPerMetric is None:
pixelsPerMetric = dB / args["width"]
# compute the size of the object
dimA = dA / pixelsPerMetric
dimB = dB / pixelsPerMetric
# draw the object sizes on the image
cv2.putText(orig, "{:.1f}in".format(dimA),
(int(tltrX - 15), int(tltrY - 10)), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX,
0.65, (255, 255, 255), 2)
cv2.putText(orig, "{:.1f}in".format(dimB),
(int(trbrX + 10), int(trbrY)), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX,
0.65, (255, 255, 255), 2)
# show the output image
cv2.imshow("Image", orig)
cv2.waitKey(0)