[sql_server] Implement columnation and timely related traits for SQL Server's LSN (#32061)

Fairly straight forward PR, there are a few traits for `columnation`
(columnar storage) and `timely` that need to be implemented for
`mz_sql_server_util::cdc::Lsn` since `Lsn` is what we use for progress
tracking.

### Motivation

Progress towards
MaterializeInc/database-issues#8762

### Checklist

- [ ] This PR has adequate test coverage / QA involvement has been duly
considered. ([trigger-ci for additional test/nightly
runs](https://trigger-ci.dev.materialize.com/))
- [ ] This PR has an associated up-to-date [design
doc](https://github.com/MaterializeInc/materialize/blob/main/doc/developer/design/README.md),
is a design doc
([template](https://github.com/MaterializeInc/materialize/blob/main/doc/developer/design/00000000_template.md)),
or is sufficiently small to not require a design.
  <!-- Reference the design in the description. -->
- [ ] If this PR evolves [an existing `$T ⇔ Proto$T`
mapping](https://github.com/MaterializeInc/materialize/blob/main/doc/developer/command-and-response-binary-encoding.md)
(possibly in a backwards-incompatible way), then it is tagged with a
`T-proto` label.
- [ ] If this PR will require changes to cloud orchestration or tests,
there is a companion cloud PR to account for those changes that is
tagged with the release-blocker label
([example](MaterializeInc/cloud#5021)).
<!-- Ask in #team-cloud on Slack if you need help preparing the cloud
PR. -->
- [ ] If this PR includes major [user-facing behavior
changes](https://github.com/MaterializeInc/materialize/blob/main/doc/developer/guide-changes.md#what-changes-require-a-release-note),
I have pinged the relevant PM to schedule a changelog post.

Author: ParkMyCar

Diff for: Cargo.lock

@@ -13,9 +13,11 @@ workspace = true
 anyhow = "1.0.66"
 async-stream = "0.3.3"
 chrono = { version = "0.4.39", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
+columnation = "0.1.0"
 dec = "0.4.8"
 derivative = "2.2.0"
 futures = "0.3.31"
+hex = "0.4.3"
 mz-ore = { path = "../ore", features = ["async"] }
 mz-proto = { path = "../proto" }
 mz-repr = { path = "../repr" }
@@ -32,6 +34,7 @@ tiberius = { version = "0.12", features = [
     "sql-browser-tokio",
     "tds73",
 ], default-features = false }
+timely = "0.20.0"
 tokio = { version = "1.44.1", features = ["net"] }
 tokio-stream = "0.1.17"
 tokio-util = { version = "0.7.4", features = ["compat"] }
@@ -40,7 +43,6 @@ uuid = "1.16.0"
 workspace-hack = { version = "0.0.0", path = "../workspace-hack", optional = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-hex = "0.4.3"
 tracing-subscriber = "0.3.19"
 
 [build-dependencies]

Diff for: src/sql-server-util/Cargo.toml

@@ -279,6 +279,56 @@ impl TryFrom<&[u8]> for Lsn {
     }
 }
 
+impl fmt::Display for Lsn {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", hex::encode(&self.0[..]))
+    }
+}
+
+impl columnation::Columnation for Lsn {
+    type InnerRegion = columnation::CopyRegion<Lsn>;
+}
+
+impl timely::progress::Timestamp for Lsn {
+    // No need to describe complex summaries.
+    type Summary = ();
+
+    fn minimum() -> Self {
+        Lsn(Default::default())
+    }
+}
+
+impl timely::progress::PathSummary<Lsn> for () {
+    fn results_in(&self, src: &Lsn) -> Option<Lsn> {
+        Some(*src)
+    }
+
+    fn followed_by(&self, _other: &Self) -> Option<Self> {
+        Some(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl timely::progress::timestamp::Refines<()> for Lsn {
+    fn to_inner(_other: ()) -> Self {
+        use timely::progress::Timestamp;
+        Self::minimum()
+    }
+    fn to_outer(self) -> () {}
+
+    fn summarize(_path: <Self as timely::progress::Timestamp>::Summary) -> () {}
+}
+
+impl timely::order::PartialOrder for Lsn {
+    fn less_equal(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self <= other
+    }
+
+    fn less_than(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self < other
+    }
+}
+impl timely::order::TotalOrder for Lsn {}
+
 /// Structured format of an [`Lsn`].
 ///
 /// Note: The derived impl of [`PartialOrd`] and [`Ord`] relies on the field