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alanarnholt committed Aug 24, 2024
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59 changes: 31 additions & 28 deletions PS05_source.html
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Expand Up @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ <h1 class="title">Problem Set 05: Regression with One Categorical Variable</h1>
<div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-heading">Published</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-contents">
<p class="date">Last modified on August 07, 2023 17:01:47 Eastern Daylight Time</p>
<p class="date">Last modified on August 24, 2024 10:29:36 Eastern Daylight Time</p>
</div>
</div>

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -466,8 +466,8 @@ <h1>Hate Crimes and Trump Support</h1>
<div class="callout-body-container callout-body">
<p>Below we calculate the group means of hate crimes for the <code>high</code>, <code>medium</code> and <code>low</code> levels of Trump support. How do these numbers compare to the three possible fitted values <span class="math inline">\(\widehat{y}\)</span> for this model?</p>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb11"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb11-1"><a href="#cb11-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>hate_crimes <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> </span>
<span id="cb11-2"><a href="#cb11-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">group_by</span>(trump_support) <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> </span>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb11"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb11-1"><a href="#cb11-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>hate_crimes <span class="sc">|&gt;</span> </span>
<span id="cb11-2"><a href="#cb11-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">group_by</span>(trump_support) <span class="sc">|&gt;</span> </span>
<span id="cb11-3"><a href="#cb11-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarize</span>(<span class="at">mean_hate_crimes =</span> <span class="fu">mean</span>(hate_crimes, <span class="at">na.rm =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 3 × 2
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -970,7 +970,7 @@ <h1><strong>EXTRA</strong></h1>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb23"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb23-1"><a href="#cb23-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Reordering trump_support</span></span>
<span id="cb23-2"><a href="#cb23-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(forcats)</span>
<span id="cb23-3"><a href="#cb23-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>hate_crimes <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> hate_crimes <span class="sc">%&gt;%</span> </span>
<span id="cb23-3"><a href="#cb23-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>hate_crimes <span class="ot">&lt;-</span> hate_crimes <span class="sc">|&gt;</span> </span>
<span id="cb23-4"><a href="#cb23-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">trump_support =</span> <span class="fu">fct_relevel</span>(trump_support, </span>
<span id="cb23-5"><a href="#cb23-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="st">"low"</span>, <span class="st">"medium"</span>, <span class="st">"high"</span>))</span>
<span id="cb23-6"><a href="#cb23-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="at">data =</span> hate_crimes, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x =</span> trump_support, <span class="at">y =</span> hate_crimes)) <span class="sc">+</span> </span>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1035,12 +1035,12 @@ <h1>Logging out of the Server</h1>
<div class="cell" data-layout-align="center">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb24"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb24-1"><a href="#cb24-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">sessionInfo</span>()</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>R version 4.2.3 (2023-03-15)
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
Running under: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 (Plow)
<pre><code>R version 4.4.1 (2024-06-14)
Platform: x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu
Running under: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 (Plow)

Matrix products: default
BLAS/LAPACK: /usr/lib64/libopenblasp-r0.3.21.so
BLAS/LAPACK: FlexiBLAS OPENBLAS-OPENMP; LAPACK version 3.9.0

locale:
[1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8 LC_NUMERIC=C
Expand All @@ -1050,32 +1050,35 @@ <h1>Logging out of the Server</h1>
[9] LC_ADDRESS=C LC_TELEPHONE=C
[11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C

time zone: America/New_York
tzcode source: system (glibc)

attached base packages:
[1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base

other attached packages:
[1] forcats_1.0.0 readr_2.1.4 moderndive_0.5.5 dplyr_1.1.2
[5] ggplot2_3.4.2 knitr_1.43
[1] forcats_1.0.0 readr_2.1.5 moderndive_0.6.1 dplyr_1.1.4
[5] ggplot2_3.5.1 knitr_1.48

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] tidyselect_1.2.0 xfun_0.39 janitor_2.2.0
[4] purrr_1.0.1 operator.tools_1.6.3 snakecase_0.11.0
[7] colorspace_2.1-0 vctrs_0.6.3 generics_0.1.3
[10] htmltools_0.5.5 yaml_2.3.7 utf8_1.2.3
[13] rlang_1.1.1 pillar_1.9.0 glue_1.6.2
[16] withr_2.5.0 infer_1.0.4 bit64_4.0.5
[19] lifecycle_1.0.3 stringr_1.5.0 munsell_0.5.0
[22] gtable_0.3.3 htmlwidgets_1.6.2 evaluate_0.21
[25] labeling_0.4.2 tzdb_0.4.0 fastmap_1.1.1
[28] parallel_4.2.2 fansi_1.0.4 broom_1.0.5
[31] backports_1.4.1 scales_1.2.1 vroom_1.6.3
[34] jsonlite_1.8.7 farver_2.1.1 bit_4.0.5
[37] hms_1.1.3 digest_0.6.33 stringi_1.7.12
[40] formula.tools_1.7.1 grid_4.2.2 cli_3.6.1
[43] tools_4.2.2 magrittr_2.0.3 tibble_3.2.1
[46] crayon_1.5.2 tidyr_1.3.0 pkgconfig_2.0.3
[49] lubridate_1.9.2 timechange_0.2.0 rmarkdown_2.23
[52] rstudioapi_0.15.0 R6_2.5.1 compiler_4.2.2 </code></pre>
[1] utf8_1.2.4 generics_0.1.3 tidyr_1.3.1
[4] stringi_1.8.4 hms_1.1.3 digest_0.6.36
[7] magrittr_2.0.3 evaluate_0.24.0 grid_4.4.1
[10] timechange_0.3.0 fastmap_1.2.0 operator.tools_1.6.3
[13] jsonlite_1.8.8 backports_1.5.0 purrr_1.0.2
[16] fansi_1.0.6 scales_1.3.0 infer_1.0.7
[19] cli_3.6.3 rlang_1.1.4 crayon_1.5.3
[22] bit64_4.0.5 munsell_0.5.1 withr_3.0.1
[25] yaml_2.3.10 tools_4.4.1 parallel_4.4.1
[28] tzdb_0.4.0 colorspace_2.1-1 broom_1.0.6
[31] vctrs_0.6.5 R6_2.5.1 lifecycle_1.0.4
[34] lubridate_1.9.3 snakecase_0.11.1 stringr_1.5.1
[37] htmlwidgets_1.6.4 bit_4.0.5 vroom_1.6.5
[40] janitor_2.2.0 pkgconfig_2.0.3 pillar_1.9.0
[43] gtable_0.3.5 glue_1.7.0 xfun_0.47
[46] tibble_3.2.1 tidyselect_1.2.1 rstudioapi_0.16.0
[49] farver_2.1.2 htmltools_0.5.8.1 labeling_0.4.3
[52] rmarkdown_2.28 formula.tools_1.7.1 compiler_4.4.1 </code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</section>
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47 changes: 22 additions & 25 deletions PS05_source.qmd
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Expand Up @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ date-format: "[Last modified on] MMMM DD, YYYY HH:mm:ss zzz"
format:
html: default
pdf: default
editor: visual
editor: source
---

```{r include = FALSE}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ Create a visual model of these data (a graph) that will allow you to conduct an
:::

::: {.callout-important icon="false" collapse="false" title="Problem 2 Answers"}
* Delete this and put your text answer here.
- Delete this and put your text answer here.
:::

::: {.callout-note icon="false" title="Problem 3"}
Expand All @@ -108,15 +108,15 @@ What does the intercept mean in this regression table?
:::

::: {.callout-important icon="false" collapse="false" title="Problem 4 Answers"}
* Delete this and put your text answer here.
- Delete this and put your text answer here.
:::

::: {.callout-note icon="false" title="Problem 5"}
What does the model estimate as the number of hate crimes per 100,000 people in states with "low" Trump support?
:::

::: {.callout-important icon="false" collapse="false" title="Problem 5 Answers"}
* Delete this and put your text answer here.
- Delete this and put your text answer here.

```{r}
# Type your code and comments inside the code chunk
Expand All @@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ Does the model estimate that hate crimes are more frequent in states that show "
```

* Delete this and put your text answer here.
- Delete this and put your text answer here.
:::

::: {.callout-note icon="false" title="Problem 7"}
Expand All @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ How much greater were hate crimes in "medium" Trump-support states compared to "
```

* Delete this and put your text answer here.
- Delete this and put your text answer here.
:::

::: {.callout-note icon="false" title="Problem 8"}
Expand All @@ -160,25 +160,25 @@ What are the three possible fitted values $\hat{y}$ for this model? Hint: use th
```

* Delete this and put your text answer here.
- Delete this and put your text answer here.

* Delete this and put your text answer here.
- Delete this and put your text answer here.

* Delete this and put your text answer here.
- Delete this and put your text answer here.
:::

::: {.callout-note icon="false" title="Problem 9"}
Below we calculate the group means of hate crimes for the `high`, `medium` and `low` levels of Trump support. How do these numbers compare to the three possible fitted values $\widehat{y}$ for this model?

```{r}
hate_crimes %>%
group_by(trump_support) %>%
hate_crimes |>
group_by(trump_support) |>
summarize(mean_hate_crimes = mean(hate_crimes, na.rm = TRUE))
```
:::

::: {.callout-important icon="false" collapse="false" title="Problem 9 Answers"}
* Delete this and put your text answer here.
- Delete this and put your text answer here.
:::

## The Regression Equation
Expand All @@ -189,7 +189,6 @@ The regression equation for this model is the following (render the document and
hate_mod <- lm(hate_crimes ~ trump_support, data = hate_crimes)
```


$$
\widehat{\text{hate\_crimes}} = `r coef(hate_mod)[1]` + `r coef(hate_mod)[2]` \times 1_{\text{low support}}(x) + `r coef(hate_mod)[3]` \times 1_{\text{med support}}(x)
$$
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -233,14 +232,14 @@ Solve the regression equation for a state in which `trump_support` is "high".
:::

::: {.callout-important icon="false" collapse="false" title="Problem 10 Answers"}
Your $LaTeX$ here
Your $LaTeX$ here

```{r}
# Type your code and comments inside the code chunk
```

* Delete this and put your text answer here.
- Delete this and put your text answer here.
:::

::: {.callout-note icon="false" title="Problem 11"}
Expand All @@ -255,7 +254,7 @@ Do these results surprise you? (There is no right answer to this question.)
```

* Delete this and put your text answer here.
- Delete this and put your text answer here.
:::

# Hate Crimes and Unemployment
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -292,7 +291,6 @@ Write out the regression equation for `job_mod`.
:::

::: {.callout-important icon="false" collapse="false" title="Problem 14 Answers"}

Write your equation with $LaTeX$ here.
:::

Expand All @@ -301,12 +299,11 @@ Interpret the estimate of the intercept from the table below.
:::

::: {.callout-important icon="false" collapse="false" title="Problem 15 Answers"}
* Delete this and put your text answer here.
- Delete this and put your text answer here.
:::

::: {.callout-note icon="false" title="Problem 16"}
What does the model estimate the number of hate crimes per 100,000 people to be in a state with "low" unemployment?

:::

::: {.callout-important icon="false" collapse="false" title="Problem 16 Answers"}
Expand All @@ -315,7 +312,7 @@ What does the model estimate the number of hate crimes per 100,000 people to be
```

* Delete this and put your text answer here.
- Delete this and put your text answer here.
:::

::: {.callout-note icon="false" title="Problem 17"}
Expand All @@ -328,7 +325,7 @@ What are the two possible fitted values $\widehat{y}$ for this model? Why are th
```

* Delete this and put your text answer here.
- Delete this and put your text answer here.
:::

::: {.callout-note icon="false" title="Problem 18"}
Expand All @@ -341,7 +338,7 @@ Use the `get_regression_points()` function to generate a table showing the fitte
```

* Delete this and put your text answer here.
- Delete this and put your text answer here.
:::

# Hate Crimes and Household Income
Expand All @@ -362,7 +359,7 @@ Were there more hate crimes in areas with high or low median household incomes?
:::

::: {.callout-important icon="false" collapse="false" title="Problem 20 Answers"}
* Delete this and put your text answer here.
- Delete this and put your text answer here.
:::

::: {.callout-note icon="false" title="Problem 21"}
Expand All @@ -386,7 +383,7 @@ Take a look at data for Maine (row 2 of `hate_crimes`). Did the model (`job_med_
```

* Delete this and put your text answer here.
- Delete this and put your text answer here.
:::

# **EXTRA**
Expand All @@ -398,7 +395,7 @@ Take a look at data for Maine (row 2 of `hate_crimes`). Did the model (`job_med_
#| fig-cap: "Hate crimes in relation to Trump support"
# Reordering trump_support
library(forcats)
hate_crimes <- hate_crimes %>%
hate_crimes <- hate_crimes |>
mutate(trump_support = fct_relevel(trump_support,
"low", "medium", "high"))
ggplot(data = hate_crimes, aes(x = trump_support, y = hate_crimes)) +
Expand Down
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