fix: add cstdint header to all files using fixed width integers (#2717)

* fix: add <cstdint> to subset_sum.cpp

* fix: add <cstdint> to subarray_sum.cpp

* fix: add <cstdint> to wildcard_matching.cpp

* fix: add <cstdint> to count_bit_flips.cpp

* fix: add <cstdint> to count_of_set_bits.cpp

* fix: add <cstdint> to trailing_ciphers.cpp

* fix: add <cstdint> to hamming_distance.cpp

* doc: include doc for hamming_distance

* fix: add <cstdint> to next_higher_numebr_with_same_number_of_set_bits.cpp

* fix: add <cstdint> to power_of_2.cpp

* fix: add <cstdint> to set_kth_bit.cpp

* fix: add <cstdint> to bit_manipulation/set_kth_bit.cpp

* fix: add <cstdint> to bit_manipulation/travelling_salesman_using_bit_manipulation.cpp

* fix: add <cstdint> to ciphers/base64_encoding.cpp

* fix: add <cstdint> to ciphers/hill_cipher.cpp

* fix: add <cstdint> to ciphers/uint128_t.hpp

* fix: add <cstdint> to data_structures/dsu_path_compression.cpp

* fix: add <cstdint> to data_structures/dsu_path_compression.cpp

* fix add <cstdint> to datastructures/list_array>cpp

* fix add <cstdint> to datastructures/queue_using_array.cpp

* fix: add <cstdint> to sparse_table.cpp

* fix: add <cstdint> to stack_using_list_queue.cpp

* fix: add <cstdint> to treap.cpp

* fix: add <cstdint> to graham_scan_functions.hpp

* fix: add <cstdint> to graph/**

* fix: add integral typdefs to hashing/**

* fix: add <cstdint> to math/**

* fix: add <cstdint> to numerical_methods/**

* fix: add <cstdint> to other/**

* fix: add <cstdint> to search/**

* fix: add <cstdint> to sorting/**

* fix: add <cstdint> to string/**

* doc: remove include statement from comment

* fix: make tests static

Co-authored-by: David Leal <[email protected]>

* fix: make tests static

Co-authored-by: David Leal <[email protected]>

* chore: use iwyu on backtracking/**.cpp

* chore: use iwyu on bit_manip/**.cpp

* chore: use iwyu on ciphers/**.cpp

* chore: use iwyu on cpu_scheduling_algorithms/**.cpp

* chore: use iwyu on data_structures/**.cpp

* chore: use iwyu on divide_and_conquer/**.cpp

* chore: use iwyu on geometry/**.cpp

* chore: use iwyu on graph/**.cpp

* chore: use iwyu on hashing/**.cpp

* chore: use iwyu on machine_learning/**.cpp

* chore: use iwyu on math/**.cpp

* chore: use iwyu on numerical_methods/**.cpp

* chore: use iwyu on others/**.cpp

* chore: use iwyu on probablity/**.cpp

* chore: use iwyu on search/**.cpp

* chore: use iwyu on sorting/**.cpp

* chore: use iwyu on strings/**.cpp

* Revert "chore: use iwyu on strings/**.cpp"

This reverts commit f212745.

* Revert "chore: use iwyu on sorting/**.cpp"

This reverts commit a290ae7.

* Revert "chore: use iwyu on search/**.cpp"

This reverts commit 19d136a.

* Revert "chore: use iwyu on probablity/**.cpp"

This reverts commit 5dd7f82.

* Revert "chore: use iwyu on others/**.cpp"

This reverts commit 8a8fd42.

* Revert "chore: use iwyu on numerical_methods/**.cpp"

This reverts commit eff2f44.

* Revert "chore: use iwyu on math/**.cpp"

This reverts commit c47117c.

* Revert "chore: use iwyu on machine_learning/**.cpp"

This reverts commit c3897d3.

* Revert "chore: use iwyu on hashing/**.cpp"

This reverts commit 0c6611a.

* Revert "chore: use iwyu on graph/**.cpp"

This reverts commit dabd6d2.

* Revert "chore: use iwyu on geometry/**.cpp"

This reverts commit 740bd65.

* Revert "chore: use iwyu on divide_and_conquer/**.cpp"

This reverts commit 16ee49e.

* Revert "chore: use iwyu on data_structures/**.cpp"

This reverts commit a3b719e.

* Revert "chore: use iwyu on cpu_scheduling_algorithms/**.cpp"

This reverts commit 24e597f.

* Revert "chore: use iwyu on ciphers/**.cpp"

This reverts commit 3d80295.

* Revert "chore: use iwyu on bit_manip/**.cpp"

This reverts commit 7edcb6e.

* Revert "chore: use iwyu on backtracking/**.cpp"

This reverts commit f0a30d7.

* Update search/binary_search.cpp

* Update backtracking/subarray_sum.cpp

* Update backtracking/subset_sum.cpp

* Update backtracking/wildcard_matching.cpp

* Update bit_manipulation/count_bits_flip.cpp

* Update bit_manipulation/count_of_set_bits.cpp

* Update bit_manipulation/count_of_trailing_ciphers_in_factorial_n.cpp

* Update bit_manipulation/hamming_distance.cpp

* Update bit_manipulation/next_higher_number_with_same_number_of_set_bits.cpp

* Update bit_manipulation/power_of_2.cpp

* Update others/lru_cache.cpp

* Update bit_manipulation/set_kth_bit.cpp

* Update bit_manipulation/travelling_salesman_using_bit_manipulation.cpp

* Update ciphers/base64_encoding.cpp

* Update ciphers/hill_cipher.cpp

* Update ciphers/uint128_t.hpp

* Update cpu_scheduling_algorithms/fcfs_scheduling.cpp

* Update data_structures/dsu_path_compression.cpp

* Update data_structures/dsu_union_rank.cpp

* Update data_structures/list_array.cpp

* Update data_structures/queue_using_array.cpp

* Update data_structures/sparse_table.cpp

* Update data_structures/stack_using_queue.cpp

* Update data_structures/treap.cpp

* Update geometry/graham_scan_functions.hpp

* Update graph/bidirectional_dijkstra.cpp

* Update graph/connected_components_with_dsu.cpp

* Update graph/cycle_check_directed_graph.cpp

* Update graph/is_graph_bipartite2.cpp

* Update graph/travelling_salesman_problem.cpp

* Update hashing/md5.cpp

* Update hashing/sha1.cpp

* Update math/n_choose_r.cpp

* Update strings/z_function.cpp

* Update strings/manacher_algorithm.cpp

* Update sorting/wiggle_sort.cpp

* Update sorting/selection_sort_recursive.cpp

* Update sorting/selection_sort_iterative.cpp

* Update sorting/recursive_bubble_sort.cpp

* Update sorting/radix_sort2.cpp

* Update sorting/dnf_sort.cpp

* Update sorting/cycle_sort.cpp

* Update search/sublist_search.cpp

* Update search/saddleback_search.cpp

* Update search/interpolation_search.cpp

* Update search/floyd_cycle_detection_algo.cpp

* Update search/exponential_search.cpp

* Update search/exponential_search.cpp

* Update math/n_bonacci.cpp

* Update math/aliquot_sum.cpp

* Update math/check_factorial.cpp

* Update math/double_factorial.cpp

* Update math/eulers_totient_function.cpp

* Update math/factorial.cpp

* Update math/fibonacci.cpp

* Update math/fibonacci_matrix_exponentiation.cpp

* Update math/fibonacci_sum.cpp

* Update math/finding_number_of_digits_in_a_number.cpp

* chore: remove "/// for integral typedefs"

* chore: remove for integral typedefs from modular division

* fix: remove comment from include

* fix: add cstdint to gale shapely

---------

Co-authored-by: David Leal <[email protected]>

Author: realstealthninja

Diff for: backtracking/subarray_sum.cpp

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <cassert>        /// for assert
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <iostream>       /// for IO operations
 #include <unordered_map>  /// for unordered_map
 #include <vector>         /// for std::vector

Diff for: backtracking/subset_sum.cpp

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <cassert>   /// for assert
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <iostream>  /// for IO operations
 #include <vector>    /// for std::vector
 

Diff for: backtracking/wildcard_matching.cpp

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <cassert>   /// for assert
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <iostream>  /// for IO operations
 #include <vector>    /// for std::vector
 

Diff for: bit_manipulation/count_bits_flip.cpp

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
  * @author [Yash Raj Singh](https://github.com/yashrajyash)
  */
 #include <cassert>   /// for assert
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <iostream>  /// for IO operations
 /**
  * @namespace bit_manipulation

Diff for: bit_manipulation/count_of_set_bits.cpp

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
  * @author [Prashant Thakur](https://github.com/prashant-th18)
  */
 #include <cassert>   /// for assert
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <iostream>  /// for IO operations
 /**
  * @namespace bit_manipulation

Diff for: bit_manipulation/count_of_trailing_ciphers_in_factorial_n.cpp

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <cassert>   /// for assert
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <iostream>  /// for IO operations
 
 /**

Diff for: bit_manipulation/hamming_distance.cpp

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <cassert>   /// for assert
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <iostream>  /// for io operations
 
 /**

Diff for: bit_manipulation/next_higher_number_with_same_number_of_set_bits.cpp

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <cassert>   /// for assert
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <iostream>  /// for IO operations
 
 /**

Diff for: bit_manipulation/power_of_2.cpp

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <cassert>   /// for assert
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <iostream>  /// for IO operations
 
 /**

Diff for: bit_manipulation/set_kth_bit.cpp

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <cassert>   /// for assert
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <iostream>  /// for IO operations
 
 /**

Diff for: bit_manipulation/travelling_salesman_using_bit_manipulation.cpp

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
  */
 #include <algorithm>  /// for std::min
 #include <cassert>    /// for assert
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <iostream>   /// for IO operations
 #include <limits>     /// for limits of integral types
 #include <vector>     /// for std::vector

Diff for: ciphers/base64_encoding.cpp

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
  */
 #include <array>     /// for `std::array`
 #include <cassert>   /// for `assert` operations
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <iostream>  /// for IO operations
 
 /**

Diff for: ciphers/hill_cipher.cpp

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <ctime>
 #include <fstream>

Diff for: ciphers/uint128_t.hpp

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <algorithm>  /// for `std::reverse` and other operations
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <ostream>    /// for `std::cout` overload
 #include <string>     /// for `std::string`
 #include <utility>    /// for `std::pair` library

Diff for: cpu_scheduling_algorithms/fcfs_scheduling.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>      /// for sorting
 #include <cassert>        /// for assert
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <cstdlib>        /// random number generation
 #include <ctime>          /// for time
 #include <iomanip>        /// for formatting the output

Diff for: data_structures/dsu_path_compression.cpp

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <cassert>   /// for assert
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <iostream>  /// for IO operations
 #include <vector>    /// for std::vector
 

Diff for: data_structures/dsu_union_rank.cpp

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <cassert>   /// for assert
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <iostream>  /// for IO operations
 #include <vector>    /// for std::vector