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SMP-Questions.xml
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SMP-Questions.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rdmo xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" created="2023-11-29T16:10:14.740331+01:00">
<catalog dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/questions/smp">
<uri_prefix>https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms</uri_prefix>
<key>smp</key>
<dc:comment>This software project management catalogue was developed by the Max Planck Digital Library in 2022. Thanks to all our team colleagues for their support.
This SMP template was inspired by some documentation, specially:
* https://www.software.ac.uk/resources/guides/software-management-plans
* https://opencarp.org/about/software-management-plan</dc:comment>
<order>98</order>
<title lang="en">Software Management Plan for Researchers</title>
<help lang="en">This catalogue is for the management of scientific software projects. It supports scientists in the development and project organisation of software developments through fifty questions in different topic blocks. This is version 3.0 of the catalogue.</help>
<title lang="de">Software-Management-Plan für Forschende</title>
<help lang="de">Dieser Katalog ist für das Management von wissenschaftlichen Software-Projekten. Er unterstützt Wissenschaftler_innen bei der Entwicklung und der Projektorganisation von Software-Entwicklungen durch fünfzig Fragen in unterschiedlichen Themenblöcken. Dies ist Version 3.0.</help>
</catalog>
<section dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/questions/smp/general">
<uri_prefix>https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms</uri_prefix>
<key>general</key>
<path>smp/general</path>
<dc:comment/>
<catalog dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/questions/smp"/>
<order>0</order>
<title lang="en">General</title>
<title lang="de">Allgemein</title>
</section>
<questionset dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/questions/smp/general/topic">
<uri_prefix>https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms</uri_prefix>
<key>topic</key>
<path>smp/general/topic</path>
<dc:comment/>
<attribute/>
<section dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/questions/smp/general"/>
<questionset/>
<is_collection>False</is_collection>
<order>0</order>
<title lang="en">Topic</title>
<help lang="en">If you are looking for an introduction to the topic before completing a software management plan, then we recommend Martinez-Ortiz et al. (2022): Practical guide to Software Management Plans, v1.0, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7589725" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7589725</a>.</help>
<verbose_name lang="en"/>
<verbose_name_plural lang="en"/>
<title lang="de">Thema</title>
<help lang="de">Falls Sie vor dem Ausfüllen eines Software-Management-Plans nach einer Einführung in das Thema suchen, dann empfehlen wir Martinez-Ortiz et al. (2022): Practical guide to Software Management Plans, v1.0, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7589725" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7589725</a>.</help>
<verbose_name lang="de"/>
<verbose_name_plural lang="de"/>
<conditions/>
</questionset>
<question dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/questions/smp/general/topic/project-title">
<uri_prefix>https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms</uri_prefix>
<key>project-title</key>
<path>smp/general/topic/project-title</path>
<dc:comment/>
<attribute dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/domain/project/title"/>
<questionset dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/questions/smp/general/topic"/>
<is_collection>False</is_collection>
<is_optional>False</is_optional>
<order>0</order>
<help lang="en">The title of the software can, of course, still change or be specified in the course of a project. Nevertheless, it makes sense to give the project a specific name at the beginning in order to facilitate further (internal) communication about it.</help>
<text lang="en">What is the title of the software project?</text>
<default_text lang="en"/>
<verbose_name lang="en"/>
<verbose_name_plural lang="en"/>
<help lang="de">Der Titel der Software kann sich im Laufe eines Projekts noch ändern oder spezifiziert werden. Es ist dennoch schon zu Beginn sinnvoll, dem Projekt eine konkrete Bezeichnung zu geben, um die weitere (interne) Kommunikation darüber zu erleichtern.</help>
<text lang="de">Wie lautet der Titel des Softwareprojekts?</text>
<default_text lang="de"/>
<verbose_name lang="de"/>
<verbose_name_plural lang="de"/>
<default_option/>
<default_external_id/>
<widget_type>text</widget_type>
<value_type>text</value_type>
<maximum/>
<minimum/>
<step/>
<unit/>
<width/>
<optionsets/>
<conditions/>
</question>
<question dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/questions/smp/general/topic/research-field">
<uri_prefix>https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms</uri_prefix>
<key>research-field</key>
<path>smp/general/topic/research-field</path>
<dc:comment/>
<attribute dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/domain/project/research_field"/>
<questionset dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/questions/smp/general/topic"/>
<is_collection>True</is_collection>
<is_optional>False</is_optional>
<order>1</order>
<help lang="en">The list of disciplines follows the <a href="http://www.dfg.de/en/dfg_profile/statutory_bodies/review_boards/subject_areas/index.jsp" target="_blank">subject classification of the DFG (German Research Foundation)</a>.</help>
<text lang="en">Which research field(s) does this software belong to?</text>
<default_text lang="en"/>
<verbose_name lang="en"/>
<verbose_name_plural lang="en"/>
<help lang="de">Die Liste der Disziplinen entspricht der <a href="http://www.dfg.de/en/dfg_profile/statutory_bodies/review_boards/subject_areas/index.jsp" target="_blank">Fachsystematik der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</a>.</help>
<text lang="de">Zu welchem(n) Forschungsbereich(en) gehört diese Software?</text>
<default_text lang="de"/>
<verbose_name lang="de"/>
<verbose_name_plural lang="de"/>
<default_option/>
<default_external_id/>
<widget_type>select</widget_type>
<value_type>text</value_type>
<maximum/>
<minimum/>
<step/>
<unit/>
<width/>
<optionsets>
<optionset dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/options/research_fields"/>
</optionsets>
<conditions/>
</question>
<question dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/questions/smp/general/topic/application-class">
<uri_prefix>https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms</uri_prefix>
<key>application_class</key>
<path>smp/general/topic/application-class</path>
<dc:comment>The application classes are essentially based on the "DLR Software Engineering Guidelines" (https://zenodo.org/record/1344612), p. 7-8. Depending on the selection in this questions a selection of different questions is provided below.</dc:comment>
<attribute dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/domain/smp/application-class"/>
<questionset dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/questions/smp/general/topic"/>
<is_collection>False</is_collection>
<is_optional>False</is_optional>
<order>2</order>
<help lang="en">The application classes are essentially based on the "DLR Software Engineering Guidelines" (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1344612" target=" _blank">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1344612</a>), p. 7-8. Depending on the selection in this questions a selection of different questions is provided below.
<details>
<summary>Click here for more information on the application classes for research software</summary>
<b>Application Class 0</b>:
<ul>
<li>Scripts to process data for a publication.</li>
<li>Simple administrative scripts to automate specific tasks.</li>
<li>Software that only demonstrates certain functions or is developed to test them.</li>
</ul>
<b>Application Class 1</b>:
<ul>
<li>Software that students develop during studies, bachelor or master theses.</li>
<li>Software resulting from dissertations in which the long-term development does not matter. </li>
<li>Software resulting from third-party projects with focus on demonstration and without planned long-term development.</li>
</ul>
<b>Application Class 2</b>:
<ul>
<li>Software resulting from dissertations in which maintainability and long-term usage matter.</li>
<li>Software from third-party projects in which maintenance and long-term usage matter beyond the project.</li>
<li>Large research frameworks which are developed by a majority of a department.</li>
</ul>
<b>Application Class 3</b>:
<ul>
<li>Mission critical software, for example, in context of aircraft, autonomous vehicles, health care, patients relation, or space missions.</li>
<li>Software for which the facility gives a warranty within or outside the own institution (e.g., via an external company).</li>
<li>Software that makes a significant contribution to third party funding and research results of the facility, and must therefore work reliably.</li>
</ul>
</details></help>
<text lang="en">In which application class is the software categorised?</text>
<default_text lang="en"/>
<verbose_name lang="en"/>
<verbose_name_plural lang="en"/>
<help lang="de">Die Anwendungsklassen orientieren sich im Wesentlichen an den "DLR Guidelines for Research Guidelines" (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1344612" target=" _blank">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1344612</a>), S. 7-8. Abhängig von der Auswahl in diesen Fragen wird unten eine Auswahl verschiedener Fragen bereitgestellt.
<Details>
<summary>Hier finden Sie weitere Informationen zu den Anwendungsklassen für Forschungssoftware</summary>
<b>Anwendungsklasse 0</b>:
<ul>
<li>Skripte zur Verarbeitung von Daten für eine Publikation.</li>
<li>Einfache administrative Skripte, um bestimmte Aufgaben zu automatisieren.</li>
<li>Software, die nur bestimmte Funktionen demonstriert oder entwickelt wird, um sie zu testen.</li>
</ul>
<b>Anwendungsklasse 1</b>:
<ul>
<li>Software, die Studierende im Rahmen von Studien-, Bachelor- oder Masterarbeiten entwickeln.</li>
<li>Software, die aus Diplomarbeiten resultiert, bei denen die langfristige Entwicklung keine Rolle spielt. </li>
<li>Software, die aus Drittmittelprojekten mit Schwerpunkt auf Demonstration und ohne geplante langfristige Entwicklung resultiert.</li>
</ul>
<b>Anwendungsklasse 2</b>:
<ul>
<li>Software, die aus Dissertationen resultiert, bei denen Wartbarkeit und langfristige Nutzung eine Rolle spielen.</li>
<li>Software aus Drittmittelprojekten, bei denen Wartung und langfristige Nutzung über das Projekt hinaus von Bedeutung sind.</li>
<li>Große Forschungsrahmenwerke, die mehrheitlich von einer Abteilung entwickelt werden.</li>
</ul>
<b>Anwendungsklasse 3</b>:
<ul>
<li>Missionskritische Software, z.B. im Zusammenhang mit Flugzeugen, autonomen Fahrzeugen, Gesundheitsfürsorge, Patientenbeziehungen oder Weltraummissionen.</li>
<li>Software, für die die Einrichtung innerhalb oder außerhalb der eigenen Institution (z.B. über ein externes Unternehmen) eine Garantie übernimmt.</li>
<li>Software, die einen wesentlichen Beitrag zu Drittmitteln und Forschungsergebnissen der Einrichtung leistet und daher zuverlässig arbeiten muss.</li>
</ul>
</details></help>
<text lang="de">In welche Anwendungsklasse wird die Software eingeordnet?</text>
<default_text lang="de"/>
<verbose_name lang="de"/>
<verbose_name_plural lang="de"/>
<default_option/>
<default_external_id/>
<widget_type>radio</widget_type>
<value_type>text</value_type>
<maximum/>
<minimum/>
<step/>
<unit/>
<width/>
<optionsets>
<optionset dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/options/application-class"/>
</optionsets>
<conditions/>
</question>
<question dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/questions/smp/general/topic/intended-use">
<uri_prefix>https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms</uri_prefix>
<key>intended-use</key>
<path>smp/general/topic/intended-use</path>
<dc:comment/>
<attribute dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/domain/project/research_question/title"/>
<questionset dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/questions/smp/general/topic"/>
<is_collection>False</is_collection>
<is_optional>False</is_optional>
<order>3</order>
<help lang="en">The intention for developing software in a scientific context can be manifold. The same applies to the specific application of the software and the contribution to scientific knowledge. Depending on the scientific community, these points can also differ significantly from each other.
We offer here some recommended reading that may be helpful in answering the questions:
* Anzt et al.(2021): deRSE Position Paper: "An environment for sustainable research software in Germany and beyond: Current state, open challenges, and call for action", <a href="https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23224.2" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23224.2</a>.
* Gardner et al. (2022): Sustained software development, not number of citations or journal choice, is indicative of accurate bioinformatic software, In: Genome Biology 23, 56, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-022-02625-x" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-022-02625-x</a>.
* Katerbow, & Feulner (2018): Recommendations on the development, use and provision of Research Software, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1172988" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1172988</a>.
* Lee, et al. (2021): Barely sufficient practices in scientific computing, In: Patterns, 2(2), 100206, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2021.100206" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2021.100206</a>.
* Wuttke et al. (2022): Guidelines for collaborative development of sustainable data treatment software, In: Journal of Neutron Research, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 33-72, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3233/JNR-220002" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3233/JNR-220002</a>.
* Wilson et al. (2017): Good enough practices in scientific computing, In: PLOS Computational Biology, 13(6), e1005510, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005510" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005510</a>.
By their very nature, these references are not exhaustive. If you need particular assistance in answering them, it is best to talk to your local colleagues from IT, the Scientific Computing Unit, and so on. They will probably be able to help you.</help>
<text lang="en">What is the intended use of the software? How will your software contribute to research?</text>
<default_text lang="en"/>
<verbose_name lang="en"/>
<verbose_name_plural lang="en"/>
<help lang="de">Die Intention für die Entwicklung von Software im wissenschaftlichen Kontext kann vielfältig sein. Gleiches gilt für die konkrete Anwendung der Software und dem Beitrag zum wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisgewinn. Je nach Fachkultur können sich diese Punkte auch deutlich voneinander unterscheiden.
Zur Orientierung und als Unterstützung bieten wir hier einige Literaturempfehlungen, die bei der Beantwortung der Fragen hilfreich seinen können:
* Anzt et al.(2021): deRSE Position Paper: "An environment for sustainable research software in Germany and beyond: Current state, open challenges, and call for action", <a href="https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23224.2" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23224.2</a>.
* Gardner et al. (2022): Sustained software development, not number of citations or journal choice, is indicative of accurate bioinformatic software, In: Genome Biology 23, 56, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-022-02625-x" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-022-02625-x</a>.
* Katerbow, & Feulner (2018): Recommendations on the development, use and provision of Research Software, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1172988" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1172988</a>.
* Lee, et al. (2021): Barely sufficient practices in scientific computing, In: Patterns, 2(2), 100206, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2021.100206" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2021.100206</a>.
* Wuttke et al. (2022): Guidelines for collaborative development of sustainable data treatment software, In: Journal of Neutron Research, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 33-72, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3233/JNR-220002" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3233/JNR-220002</a>.
* Wilson et al. (2017): Good enough practices in scientific computing, In: PLOS Computational Biology, 13(6), e1005510, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005510" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005510</a>.
Es liegt in der Natur der Sache, dass diese Literaturhinweise nicht vollumfänglich sind. Wenn Sie bei der Beantwortung konkrete Unterstützung benötigen, dann sprechen Sie am besten mit Ihren lokalen Kolleg_innen von der IT, der Scientific Computing Unit usw. Diese können Ihnen weiterhelfen.</help>
<text lang="de">Was ist der beabsichtigte Verwendungszweck der Software? Wie wird Ihre Software zur Forschung beitragen?</text>
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<key>buy-or-make</key>
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<is_collection>False</is_collection>
<is_optional>False</is_optional>
<order>4</order>
<help lang="en">Please consider whether it would be more effective to purchase existing software or to adapt an existing open source instead of developing software yourself.
The following (selected) platforms can help:
<ul>
<li>bio.tools (<a href="https://bio.tools" target="_blank" >https://bio.tools</a>)</li>
<li>pypi (<a href="https://pypi.org/" target="_blank" >https://pypi.org/</a>)</li>
<li>Research Software Directory (<a href="https://research-software-directory.org/" target="_blank" >https://research-software-directory.org/</a>)</li>
<li>...</li>
</ul></help>
<text lang="en">What function does the new software have that previous software does not cover? What related software exists and why is it not suitable?</text>
<default_text lang="en"/>
<verbose_name lang="en"/>
<verbose_name_plural lang="en"/>
<help lang="de">Bitte überlegen Sie, ob es nicht zielführender ist eine existierende Software einzukaufen oder eine bestehende Open Source-Variante anzupassen anstatt eine eigene Software vollständig selbst zu entwickeln.
Folgende (ausgewählte) Plattformen können hierbei helfen:
<ul>
<li>bio.tools (<a href="https://bio.tools" target="_blank" >https://bio.tools</a>)</li>
<li>pypi (<a href="https://pypi.org/" target="_blank" >https://pypi.org/</a>)</li>
<li>Research Software Directory (<a href="https://research-software-directory.org/" target="_blank" >https://research-software-directory.org/</a>)</li>
<li>...</li>
</ul></help>
<text lang="de">Welche Funktion hat die neue Software, die bisherige Software nicht abdeckt? Welche verwandte Software gibt es und warum ist diese nicht geeignet?</text>
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<title lang="en">Software Project Partner(s)</title>
<help lang="en"/>
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<title lang="de">Software-Projektpartner</title>
<help lang="de"/>
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<help lang="en">Please enter the name and contact details as well as institution, position as well as role in the software project, if applicable.</help>
<text lang="en">Who are the project participants that deal with this software?</text>
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<help lang="de">Bitte geben Sie den Namen und Kontaktdaten sowie ggf. Institution und Position sowie Rolle im Software-Projekt.</help>
<text lang="de">Wer sind die Projektteilnehmer, die an dieser Software arbeiten?</text>
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<question dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/questions/smp/general/project-partner/funding">
<uri_prefix>https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms</uri_prefix>
<key>funding</key>
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<dc:comment/>
<attribute dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/domain/project/funder"/>
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<help lang="en">Here, for example, personnel or financial resources from the regular budget or already existing project funds can be mentioned.
Scientific software is becoming increasingly important as a source of knowledge. Therefore, the development of software in a scientific context is also becoming more and more relevant for funding organisations. A software management plan can be a useful basis for applying for (partial) project funding, as software is increasingly considered worthy of funding.
For further reference, we recommend these publications:
* Rand et al., Visibility of Research Software Engineers in research funding, 2022, Software Sustainability Institute Blog, <a href="https://www.software.ac.uk/blog/2022-06-20-visibility-research-software-engineers-research-funding" target="_blank">https://www.software.ac.uk/blog/2022-06-20-visibility-research-software-engineers-research-funding</a>.
* Strasser et al. (2022): 10 Simple Rules for Funding Scientific Open Source Software, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.6611500" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6611500</a>.</help>
<text lang="en">Is there existing (financial/personnel) resources or will there be specific funding for the software development?</text>
<default_text lang="en"/>
<verbose_name lang="en"/>
<verbose_name_plural lang="en"/>
<help lang="de">Hier können beispielsweise personellen oder finanzielle Mittel aus dem regulären Haushalt oder bereits vorhandene Projektmittel erwähnt werden.
Wissenschaftliche Software gewinnt als Erkenntnisgewinn zunehmend an Bedeutung. Daher wird die Entwicklung von Software im wissenschaftlichen Kontext auch für Förderorganisationen zunehmend relevanter. Ein Software-Management-Plan kann daher eine sinnvolle Grundlage für eine Beantragung von (Teil-)Projektmitteln sein, da Software zunehmend auch als förderwürdig erachtet wird.
Als weiterführenden Hinweise empfehlen wir diese Publikationen:
* Rand et al., Visibility of Research Software Engineers in research funding, 2022, Software Sustainability Institute Blog, <a href="https://www.software.ac.uk/blog/2022-06-20-visibility-research-software-engineers-research-funding" target="_blank">https://www.software.ac.uk/blog/2022-06-20-visibility-research-software-engineers-research-funding</a>.
* Strasser et al. (2022): 10 Simple Rules for Funding Scientific Open Source Software, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.6611500" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6611500</a>.</help>
<text lang="de">Gibt es existierende (personellen/finanziellen) Ressourcen oder wird es eine spezielle Finanzierung für die Softwareentwicklung geben?</text>
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<title lang="en">Software Project Schedule</title>
<help lang="en"/>
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<verbose_name_plural lang="en"/>
<title lang="de">Zeitplan für Softwareprojekte</title>
<help lang="de"/>
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<key>start-date</key>
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<is_optional>False</is_optional>
<order>1</order>
<help lang="en"/>
<text lang="en">When does the software project start?</text>
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<help lang="de"/>
<text lang="de">Wann beginnt das Softwareprojekt?</text>
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<help lang="en"/>
<text lang="en">When does the software project end?</text>
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<help lang="de"/>
<text lang="de">Wann endet das Softwareprojekt?</text>
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<title lang="en">Software Project Management</title>
<help lang="en"/>
<verbose_name lang="en"/>
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<title lang="de">Software-Projekt-Management</title>
<help lang="de"/>
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<question dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/questions/smp/general/project-management/development-process">
<uri_prefix>https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms</uri_prefix>
<key>development-process</key>
<path>smp/general/project-management/development-process</path>
<dc:comment/>
<attribute dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/domain/smp/development-process"/>
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<help lang="en">For this question, it is useful to first describe the type of project management. Examples here would be agile methods such as Scrum. But a more classical approach like e.g. the "waterfall" model is also possible. Ultimately, it is crucial that the chosen method fits the goal and is communicated to and works for the people involved.
Once a methodological approach has been established, it may be useful to define different roles for the software project. Examples would be "Developer", "Tester", "Scrum Master" etc. At the same time, it is advisable to already draft a specification document for the project with requirements, usage scenarios and other specifications. The requirements from the user's point of view should be clear so that the conception and specification process by the developers can start on this basis.
For guidance, these texts may be of interest:
* Smith, Srinivasan and Shankar (2019): Debunking the Myth That Upfront Requirements Are Infeasible for Scientific Computing Software, IEEE/ACM 14th International Workshop on Software Engineering for Science (SE4Science), pp. 33-40, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/SE4Science.2019.00011" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1109/SE4Science.2019.00011</a>.
* Marques and Milewicz (2022): User Stories in Scientific Software Development, Better Scientific Software Blog, <a href="https://bssw.io/blog_posts/user-stories-in-scientific-software-development" target="_blank">https://bssw.io/blog_posts/user-stories-in-scientific-software-development</a>.</help>
<text lang="en">Which software development process is defined? How will process roles be assigned?</text>
<default_text lang="en"/>
<verbose_name lang="en"/>
<verbose_name_plural lang="en"/>
<help lang="de">Bei dieser Frage bietet es sich an, zuerst die Art des Projektmanagements zu beschreiben. Beispiele wären hier besonders die agilen Methoden, wie Scrum. Aber auch ein eher klassisches Vorgehen mit z.B. der "Wasserfall"-Methode ist möglich. Letztendlich ist es entscheidend, dass die gewählte Methode für das Ziel passt und an die beteiligten Personen kommuniziert ist sowie für diese funktioniert.
Nach der Festlegung auf ein methodisches Vorgehen kann es sinnvoll sein, verschiedene Rollen für das Software-Projekt zu definieren. Beispiele hierfür wären "Entwickler", "Tester", "Scrum Master" etc. Gleichzeitig empfiehlt es sich, für das Projekt bereits einen Leistungskatalog mit Anforderungen, Nutzungsszenarien und Spezifikationen zu entwerfen. Die Anforderungen aus Nutzendensicht sollten klar vorliegen, sodass auf dessen Grundlage dann der Konzeptions- und Spezifikationsprozess durch die Entwickler beginnen kann.
Zur Unterstützung können diese Texte interessant sein:
* Smith, Srinivasan und Shankar (2019): Debunking the Myth That Upfront Requirements Are Infeasible for Scientific Computing Software, IEEE/ACM 14th International Workshop on Software Engineering for Science (SE4Science), S. 33-40, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/SE4Science.2019.00011" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1109/SE4Science.2019.00011</a>.
* Marques und Milewicz (2022): User Stories in Scientific Software Development, Better Scientific Software Blog, <a href="https://bssw.io/blog_posts/user-stories-in-scientific-software-development" target="_blank">https://bssw.io/blog_posts/user-stories-in-scientific-software-development</a>.</help>
<text lang="de">Welcher Softwareentwicklungsprozess wird definiert? Wie werden die Prozessrollen zugewiesen?</text>
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<help lang="en">The development of software goes hand in hand with a high degree of complexity. In order to keep track of the diverse requirements, tasks and problems, it is advisable to organise these points in a clear structure. At the same time, this enhances the traceability of developments.
Examples of applications are stand-alone ticket systems such as Jira or Redmine. However, integrated systems can also be used just as well, such as provided in GitHub/GitLab (<a href="https://carpentries-incubator.github.io/git-novice-branch-pr/" target="_blank">see for example the Carpentries Lesson</a>). Working with a (digital) Kanban board can also support software development.</help>
<text lang="en">How do you track the different tasks and use cases?</text>
<default_text lang="en"/>
<verbose_name lang="en"/>
<verbose_name_plural lang="en"/>
<help lang="de">Die Entwicklung von Software geht einher mit einer hohen Komplexität. Um die vielfältigen Anforderungen, Aufgaben und Probleme nachzuvollziehen, empfiehlt es sich diese Punkte in einer klaren Struktur zu organisieren. Gleichzeitig fördert dies die Rückverfolgbarkeit von Entwicklungen.
Beispiele für Anwendungen sind etwa eigenständige Ticket-Systeme wie Jira oder Redmine. Ebenso gut können aber auch integrierte Systeme verwendet werden, wie etwa in GitHub/GitLab bereitgestellt (<a href="https://carpentries-incubator.github.io/git-novice-branch-pr/" target="_blank">siehe etwa die Carpentries Lesson</a>). Auch das Arbeiten mit einem (digitalen) Kanban-Board kann bei der Software-Entwicklung unterstützen.</help>
<text lang="de">Wie verfolgen Sie die verschiedenen Aufgaben und Anwendungsfälle?</text>
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<question dc:uri="https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms/questions/smp/general/project-management/specification-sheet">
<uri_prefix>https://rdmorganiser.github.io/terms</uri_prefix>
<key>specification-sheet</key>
<path>smp/general/project-management/specification-sheet</path>
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<order>2</order>
<help lang="en">The description of the requirements can be one of the cornerstones for a successful software. It is therefore advisable to invest time resources into this right from the start.</help>
<text lang="en">Will there be a specification document (briefly) outlining the most important requirements?</text>
<default_text lang="en"/>
<verbose_name lang="en"/>
<verbose_name_plural lang="en"/>
<help lang="de">Die Beschreibungen der Anforderungen kann einer der zentralen Grundstein für eine gelungene Software sein. Daher empfiehlt es sich hierfür von Beginn an zeitliche Ressourcen zu investieren.</help>
<text lang="de">Wird es einen Anforderungskatalog oder ein Lastenheft geben, in dem (kurz) die wichtigsten Anforderungen skizziert werden?</text>
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<title lang="en">Software Development Requirements</title>
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<title lang="de">Anforderungen an die Softwareentwicklung</title>
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<help lang="en">For the development of software in a scientific context, the rules of good scientific practice at one's own institution or organisation apply. Software might not explicitly mentioned there. Nevertheless, these rules for scientific results can apply to the development (and sharing) of software.
At the same time, individual institutes, working groups, etc. can also impose rules on the use of software. If you are unsure about the institutional requirements that apply to you, it is best to contact your local colleagues from the Research Coordination or IT, Scientific Computing Unit, etc. They can provide you with competent support.
Below you will find a collection of examples of institutional regulations related to software:
* Budich & Funk (2022): Software Licensing and Copyright Policy for Research Software CODE @ Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000C-80B1-A" target="_blank">https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000C-80B1-A</a>.
* European Space Agency: ESA Open Source Policy, <a href="https://essr.esa.int/esa-open-source-policy" target="_blank">https://essr.esa.int/esa-open-source-policy</a>.
* Akhmerov et al. (2021): TU Delft Research Software Policy, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4629662" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4629662</a>.</help>
<text lang="en">Are there institutional requirements for software development?</text>
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<help lang="de">Für die Entwicklung von Software im wissenschaftlichen Kontext gelten die Regeln zur guten wissenschaftlichen Praxis der eigenen Institution oder Organisation. Software muss dort noch nicht explizit erwähnt. Dennoch können diese entsprechenden Regeln für wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse auch für die Entwicklung (und Veröffentlichung) von Software gelten.
Gleichzeitig können sich auch einzelne Institute, Arbeitsgruppen etc. Regeln zum Umgang mit Software auferlegen. Sollten Sie unsicher sein, inwiefern institutionelle Anforderungen für Sie zutreffen, dann kontaktieren Sie am besten Ihre lokalen Kolleg_innen von der Forschungskoordination oder der IT, Scientific Computing Unit etc. Diese können Sie dabei kompetent unterstützen.
Im Folgenden finden Sie eine Beispielsammlung für institutionelle Regelwerke mit Bezug zu Software:
* Budich & Funk (2022): Software Licensing and Copyright Policy for Research Software CODE @ Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000C-80B1-A" target="_blank">https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-000C-80B1-A</a>.
* European Space Agency: ESA Open Source Policy, <a href="https://essr.esa.int/esa-open-source-policy" target="_blank">https://essr.esa.int/esa-open-source-policy</a>.
* Akhmerov et al. (2021): TU Delft Research Software Policy, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4629662" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4629662</a>.</help>
<text lang="de">Gibt es institutionelle Anforderungen an die Softwareentwicklung?</text>
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<help lang="en">In addition to institutional requirements, there may also be other conditions or communities that need to be taken into account when developing software in a scientific context. For example, if the software is developed in a third-party project, then the requirements of the funding body are binding. Likewise, there may be various agreements in one's own community that need to be taken into account in software development.
It is advisable to familiarise yourself with the FAIR Principles for Research Software (<a href="https://doi.org/10.15497/RDA00068" target="_blank">FAIR4RS</a>) at an early stage. For example, this question about requirement for software is required in <a href="https://doi.org/10.15497/RDA00068" target="_blank">FAIR4RS</a> I1 and R3. At the same time, orientation towards the <a href="https://doi.org/10.15497/RDA00068" target="_blank">FAIR4RS</a> principles can significantly increase the quality and acceptance of the software. An interactive guide to FAIR software can be found here: <a href="https://fair-software.nl" target="_blank">https://fair-software.nl</a>.</help>
<text lang="en">Are there requirements regarding the software development form other parties?</text>
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<help lang="de">Neben institutionellen Anforderungen können ebenso weitere Bedingungen oder Communities existieren, die es bei der Entwicklung von Software im wissenschaftlichen Kontext zu beachten gilt. Wenn beispielsweise die Software in einem Drittmittelprojekt entwickelt wird, dann sind die Vorgaben des Mittelgebers bindend. Ebenso können verschiedene Vereinbarungen in der eigenen Fächergruppe bestehen, die es bei der Software-Entwicklung zu berücksichtigen gilt.
Parallel dazu ist es empfehlenswert, sich mit den FAIR Principles for Research Software (<a href="https://doi.org/10.15497/RDA00068" target="_blank">FAIR4RS</a>) schon frühzeitig vertraut zu machen. So wird beispielsweise diese Anforderung in <a href="https://doi.org/10.15497/RDA00068" target="_blank">FAIR4RS</a> I1 und R3 gefordert. Die Orientierung an den <a href="https://doi.org/10.15497/RDA00068" target="_blank">FAIR4RS</a>-Prinzipien kann gleichzeitig die Qualität und Akzeptanz der Software deutlich steigern. Eine interaktive Hilfestellung zu FAIR Software findet sich hier: <a href="https://fair-software.nl" target="_blank">https://fair-software.nl</a>.</help>
<text lang="de">Gibt es Anforderungen bezüglich der Softwareentwicklung von externer Seite?</text>
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<key>technical</key>
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<title lang="en">Technical</title>
<title lang="de">Technische Informationen</title>
</section>
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<title lang="en">Code</title>
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<title lang="de">Code</title>
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<help lang="en">The software languages go hand in hand with different methods, focuses and required skill levels. Here you can document which language(s) you choose and why. Examples of software languages can be Java, Python, R, etc.
At this point it is also useful to document whether technical standards are relevant for the development of software. Examples include <a href="https://www.iso.org/standard/38421.html" target="_blank">IEC Standard 62304</a> for software in medical applications, or <a href="https://ecss.nl/standard/ecss-e-st-40c-software-general-requirements/" target="_blank">ECSS-E-ST-40C</a> for software in space applications, or <a href="https://www.dicomstandard.org" target="_blank">DICOM</a> for the exchange of medical image data.</help>
<text lang="en">Which programming language(s) do you plan to use?</text>
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<help lang="de">Die Softwaresprachen gehen einher mit unterschiedlichen Methoden, Schwerpunkten und benötigten Fähigkeitsgraden. Hier können Sie dokumentieren, für welche Sprache(n) Sie sich entscheiden und weshalb. Beispiele für Softwaresprachen während Java, Python, R, usw.
An dieser Stelle bietet es sich zusätzlich an, zu dokumentieren, ob technische Standards für die Entwicklung von Software relevant sind. Beispiele hierfür sind etwa der <a href="https://www.iso.org/standard/38421.html" target="_blank">IEC Standard 62304</a> für Software bei medizinischen Anwendungen, oder <a href="https://ecss.nl/standard/ecss-e-st-40c-software-general-requirements/" target="_blank">ECSS-E-ST-40C</a> bei Software für Anwendungen im Weltraum oder <a href="https://www.dicomstandard.org" target="_blank">DICOM</a> für den Austausch von medizinischen Bilddaten.</help>
<text lang="de">Welche Programmiersprache(n) planen Sie zu verwenden?</text>
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<help lang="en">Versioning code during development is strongly recommended. Applications such as Git systems are widespread.</help>
<text lang="en">Which technology or process is used for versioning?</text>
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<help lang="de">Das Versionieren von Code bei der Entwicklung ist dringend zu empfehlen. Code-Versionierungen auf Basis der Git-Software sind weitverbreitet.</help>
<text lang="de">Welche Technologie oder welches Verfahren wird für die Versionierung verwendet?</text>
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<title lang="en">Third Party Components and Libraries</title>
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<title lang="de">Externe Komponenten und Bibliotheken</title>
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<help lang="en">The use of external applications and existing libraries is an established practice in software development. However, the inclusion of external code can create dependencies. This in turn increases the complexity of the software. The more extensive the code, the more time-consuming it is to know and understand these dependencies. Failure of these services should also be planned for. It is therefore advisable in software development which and how external components will be used early on. This is also in terms of <a href="https://doi.org/10.15497/RDA00068" target="_blank">FAIR4RS</a> I2 and R2 and particularly recommended for the further development and subsequent use of software.
The following literature might also be of interest:
* Carver et al. (2022): A survey of the state of the practice for research software in the United States, In: PeerJ Computer Science, 8:e963, <a href="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.963" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.963</a>.
* Nowogrodzki (2019): How to support open-source software and stay sane – Releasing lab-built open-source software often involves a mountain of unforeseen work for the developers, In: Nature 571, 133-134 (2019), <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-02046-0" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-02046-0</a>.</help>
<text lang="en">Which external software components will be used? What dependencies on software libraries do exist? How do you document this?</text>
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<verbose_name lang="en"/>
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<help lang="de">Die Nutzung von externen Anwendungen und existierenden Bibliotheken ist bei der Software-Entwicklung eine etablierte Praxis. Durch das Einbinden von externem Code können jedoch Abhängigkeiten entstehen. Dies steigert wiederum die Komplexität der Software. Je umfangreicher der Code ist, desto aufwendiger ist es, diese Abhängigkeiten zu kennen und zu verstehen. Auch ein Ausfall dieser Dienste sollte eingeplant werden. Es empfiehlt sich schon früh im Softwareentwicklungsprozess darüber im Klaren zu sein, welche und wie externe Komponenten verwendet werden. Dies ist auch im Sinne der <a href="https://doi.org/10.15497/RDA00068" target="_blank">FAIR4RS</a> I2 und R2 und für die Weiterentwicklung und Nachnutzung von Software besonders empfehlenswert.
Folgende Literatur könnte zusätzlich interessant sein:
* Carver et al. (2022): A survey of the state of the practice for research software in the United States, In: PeerJ Computer Science, 8:e963, <a href="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.963" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.963</a>.
* Nowogrodzki (2019): How to support open-source software and stay sane – Releasing lab-built open-source software often involves a mountain of unforeseen work for the developers, In: Nature 571, 133-134 (2019), <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-02046-0" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-02046-0</a>.</help>
<text lang="de">Welche externen Software-Komponenten werden verwendet? Welche Abhängigkeiten von Software-Bibliotheken gibt es? Wie dokumentieren Sie dies?</text>
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<help lang="en">In connection with the use of external software components, special attention should be paid to the various licence conditions. For example, which licences are used by third-party software components? Can there be problems with the compatibility of licences for third-party elements?</help>
<text lang="en">What licences are on the third-party software components?</text>
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<help lang="de">In dem Zusammenhang mit der Verwendung von externen Software-Komponenten sind besonders die verschiedenen Lizenzbedingungen zu beachten. Etwa welche Lizenzen werden von den Softwarekomponenten von Drittanbietern verwendet? Kann es Probleme mit der Kompatibilität von Lizenzen für Elemente von Drittanbietern geben?</help>
<text lang="de">Welche Lizenzen liegen auf den Software-Komponenten von Drittanbietern?</text>
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<help lang="en">If external software components are used, it is advisable to document this. The aim here should not only be to obtain an overview, but also, if necessary, to obtain a (partially) automatic analysis of any dependencies that arise. Examples of different services to monitor the external components can be, <a href="https://maven.apache.org" target="_blank">Maven</a>, <a href="https://gradle.org" target="_blank">Gradle</a>, <a href="https://www.npmjs.com" target="_blank">npm</a>, <a href="https://yarnpkg.com" target="_blank">Yarn</a> and <a href="https://pypi.org/project/pipenv/" target="_blank">pipenv</a>. Please check with your local software officers for already existing services.</help>
<text lang="en">What is the process to keep track of the external software components? Can critical dependencies be eliminated or mitigated?</text>
<default_text lang="en"/>
<verbose_name lang="en"/>
<verbose_name_plural lang="en"/>
<help lang="de">Wenn externe Software-Komponenten verwendet werden, dann ist es ratsam, dies zu dokumentieren. Ziel sollte es hierbei sein, nicht nur einen Überblick zu erlangen, sondern ggf. auch schon eine (teil-)automatische Analyse von entstehenden Abhängigkeiten zu erlangen. Beispiele für verschiedene Services, um die externen Komponenten zu beobachten, können beispielsweise <a href="https://maven.apache.org" target="_blank">Maven</a>, <a href="https://gradle.org" target="_blank">Gradle</a>, <a href="https://www.npmjs.com" target="_blank">npm</a>, <a href="https://yarnpkg.com" target="_blank">Yarn</a> und <a href="https://pypi.org/project/pipenv/" target="_blank">pipenv</a> sein. Bitte erkundigen Sie sich bei Ihren lokalen Softwarebeauftragten nach eventuell bereits vorhandenen Services.</help>
<text lang="de">Wie wird der Überblick über die externen Software-Komponenten behalten? Können kritische Abhängigkeiten eliminiert oder abgeschwächt werden?</text>
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