The syntax for mailbox addresses used by the SMTP protocol is defined by RFC-5321. (NOT RFC-5322, as is often mistakenly thought.) The whatwg HTML spec seems to get this wrong, see <https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/4562#issuecomment-1987318064> For test cases please see <https://github.com/json-schema-org/JSON-Schema-Test-Suite/blob/main/tests/draft2020-12/optional/format/email.json>