Resolve OOM when reading large logs in webserver

[jason810496]

Description

Related context: #44753 (comment)

TL;DR

After conducting some research and implementing a POC, I would like to propose a potential solution. However, this solution requires changes to the airflow.utils.log.file_task_handler.FileTaskHandler. If the solution is accepted, it will necessitate modifications to 10 providers that extend the FileTaskHandler class.

Main Concept for Refactoring

The proposed solution focuses on:

1. Returning a generator instead of loading the entire file content at once.
2. Leveraging a heap to merge logs incrementally, rather than sorting entire chunks.

The POC for this refactoring shows a 90% reduction in memory usage with similar processing times!

Experiment Details

• 830 MB
• Approximately 8,670,000 lines

Main Root Causes of OOM

1. _interleave_logs Function in airflow.utils.log.file_task_handler

• Extends all log strings into the records list.
• Sorts the entire records list.
• Yields lines with deduplication.

2. _read Method in airflow.utils.log.file_task_handler.FileTaskHandler

• Joins all aggregated logs into a single string using:

  "\n".join(_interleave_logs(all_log_sources))

3. Methods That Use _read:
   These methods read the entire log content and return it as a string instead of a generator:
   • _read_from_local
   • _read_from_logs_server
   • _read_remote_logs (Implemented by providers)

Proposed Refactoring Solution

The main concept includes:

• Return a generator for reading log sources (local or external) instead of whole file content as string.
• Merge logs using K-Way Merge instead of Sorting
  • Since each source of logs is already sorted, merge them incrementally using heapq with streams of logs.
  • Return a stream of the merged result.

Breaking Changes in This Solution

1. Interface of the read Method in FileTaskHandler:

   • Will now return a generator instead of a string.

2. Interfaces of read_log_chunks and read_log_stream in TaskLogReader:

   • Adjustments to support the generator-based approach.

3. Methods That Use _read

   • _read_from_local
   • _read_from_logs_server
   • _read_remote_logs ( there are 10 providers implement this method )

Experimental Environment:

• Setup: Docker Compose without memory limits.
• Memory Profiling: memray
• Log Size: 830 MB, about 8670000 lines

Benchmark Metrics

• Original Implementation:

  • Memory Usage: Average 3GB, peaks at 4GB when returning the final stream.
    • 
  • Processing Time: ~60 seconds.
  • Memory Flame Graph
    • https://www.zhu424.dev/Airflow-Webserver-Resolving-OOM-for-Large-Log-Reads/memray-flamegraph-memray_logs.py.html

• POC (Refactored Implementation):

  • Memory Usage: Average 300MB.
    • 
  • Processing Time: ~60 seconds.
  • Memory Flame Graph
    • https://www.zhu424.dev/Airflow-Webserver-Resolving-OOM-for-Large-Log-Reads/memray-flamegraph-read_large_logs-k-way-merge-heap-optimize.py.html

Summary

Feel free to share any feedback! I believe we should have more discussions before adopting this solution, as it involves breaking changes to the FileTaskHandler interface and requires refactoring in 10 providers as well.

Related issues

#44753

TODO Tasks

• Refactor to Use K-Way Merge for Log Streams Instead of Sorting Entire Log Records [Resolve OOM When Reading Large Logs in Webserver] Refactor to Use K-Way Merge for Log Streams Instead of Sorting Entire Log Records #45129
• Refactor providers that implemented FileTaskHandler
  • _read_remote_logs method
    • Amazon AWS S3
    • Google Cloud GCS
    • Microsoft Azure WASB
    • Apache HDFS
    • Amazon AWS Cloud Watch ( replace _read with _read_remote_logs in Rework remote task log handling for the structlog era. #48491 )
  • _read method
    • Alibaba Cloud
    • Amazon AWS Cloud Watch
    • Elasticsearch
    • OpenSearch
    • Redis
• Refactor executors that implemented get_task_log
  • CeleryKubernetesExecutor
  • KubernetesExecutor
  • LocalKubernetesExecutor
• Remove compatible utility
• Add pagination interface for APIs

Are you willing to submit a PR?

• Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

Code of Conduct

• I agree to follow this project's Code of Conduct

[boring-cyborg]

Thanks for opening your first issue here! Be sure to follow the issue template! If you are willing to raise PR to address this issue please do so, no need to wait for approval.

[potiuk]

Yes. That's exactly how I envisioned solving this problem. @dstandish ?

[potiuk]

FYI. Breaking changes to FileTaskHandler is not a problem - we can work out back-compatibility or simply break it for Airflow 3 - this is not a big deal, since this is only a deployment configuration and does not require DAG adaptations.

[jason810496]

Hi @potiuk,

Would it be okay if I treat this issue as an umbrella issue to track other TODO tasks while refactoring each provider? Or would it be more preferable to refactor FileTaskHandler and all providers in a single PR in this case? Thanks !

[potiuk]

Sure. It can be separate set of PRs and that issue can remain "umbrella" - you do not need to have more issues. PRs are enough

[dstandish]

Yes. That's exactly how I envisioned solving this problem. @dstandish ?

IIRC this should be fine when task done but may present challenges when task is in flight because at any moment the location of the logs may shift eg from worker to remote storage etc

[potiuk]

IIRC this should be fine when task done but may present challenges when task is in flight because at any moment the location of the logs may shift eg from worker to remote storage etc

Is it not the same case now?

[tirkarthi]

Related issue #31105

[jason810496]

Yes. That's exactly how I envisioned solving this problem. @dstandish ?

IIRC this should be fine when task done but may present challenges when task is in flight because at any moment the location of the logs may shift eg from worker to remote storage etc

Taking S3TaskHandler as an example, it requires additional refactoring and might need a read_stream method added to S3Hook that returns a generator-based result:
https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/providers/src/airflow/providers/amazon/aws/log/s3_task_handler.py#L136-L192

From my perspective, for the s3_write case, I would download the old log as temporary file and append the new log stream into a temporary file, and use the upload_file method to upload the file to prevent memory starvation and remain the same result.