[Parquet] Prototype FSST encoding

[alamb]

Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge? Please describe what you are trying to do.

• part of [EPIC] [Parquet] Implement new Parquet encodings in arrow-rs #8747

The parquet community is considering adding new encodings to the format.

One proposed encoding is:

• FSST : Proposal: FSST (Fast Static Symbol Table) Encoding for Parquet (mailing list thread)

Describe the solution you'd like

I would like someone(s) to create a branch of arrow-rs 's parquet reader and implement this proposed encoding in the context of parquet to see how it would work.

This would involve likely

1. Adding a new encoding to the metadata: source link
2. Add the appropriate encoder/decoders in parquet (existing code)
3. Add some basic tests showing data could be round tripped with these encodings: examples of similar tets here
4. Add some benchmarks: examples of similar benchmarks

There are already several Rust implementations of FSST (both Lance and Vortex) that could probably adapted

• https://crates.io/crates/fsst
• https://crates.io/crates/fsst-rust

Describe alternatives you've considered

Additional context