[SPARK-34667][SQL] Support casting of year-month intervals to strings

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
1. Added new method `toYearMonthIntervalString()` to `IntervalUtils` which converts an year-month interval as a number of month to a string in the form **"INTERVAL '[sign]yearField-monthField' YEAR TO MONTH"**.
2. Extended the `Cast` expression to support casting of `YearMonthIntervalType` to `StringType`.

### Why are the changes needed?
To conform the ANSI SQL standard which requires to support such casting.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
Should not because new year-month interval has not been released yet.

### How was this patch tested?
Added new tests for casting:
```
$ build/sbt "testOnly *CastSuite*"
```

Closes #32056 from MaxGekk/cast-ym-interval-to-string.

Authored-by: Max Gekk <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Max Gekk <[email protected]>

Author: MaxGekk

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/Cast.scala

@@ -406,6 +406,8 @@ abstract class CastBase extends UnaryExpression with TimeZoneAwareExpression wit
     case pudt: PythonUserDefinedType => castToString(pudt.sqlType)
     case udt: UserDefinedType[_] =>
       buildCast[Any](_, o => UTF8String.fromString(udt.deserialize(o).toString))
+    case YearMonthIntervalType =>
+      buildCast[Int](_, i => UTF8String.fromString(IntervalUtils.toYearMonthIntervalString(i)))
     case _ => buildCast[Any](_, o => UTF8String.fromString(o.toString))
   }
 
@@ -1121,6 +1123,10 @@ abstract class CastBase extends UnaryExpression with TimeZoneAwareExpression wit
         (c, evPrim, evNull) => {
           code"$evPrim = UTF8String.fromString($udtRef.deserialize($c).toString());"
         }
+      case YearMonthIntervalType =>
+        val iu = IntervalUtils.getClass.getName.stripSuffix("$")
+        (c, evPrim, _) =>
+          code"""$evPrim = UTF8String.fromString($iu.toYearMonthIntervalString($c));"""
       case _ =>
         (c, evPrim, evNull) => code"$evPrim = UTF8String.fromString(String.valueOf($c));"
     }

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/IntervalUtils.scala

@@ -834,4 +834,21 @@ object IntervalUtils {
    * @return The period of months, not null
    */
   def monthsToPeriod(months: Int): Period = Period.ofMonths(months).normalized()
+
+  /**
+   * Converts an year-month interval as a number of months to its textual representation
+   * which conforms to the ANSI SQL standard.
+   *
+   * @param months The number of months, positive or negative
+   * @return Year-month interval string
+   */
+  def toYearMonthIntervalString(months: Int): String = {
+    var sign = ""
+    var absMonths: Long = months
+    if (months < 0) {
+      sign = "-"
+      absMonths = -absMonths
+    }
+    s"INTERVAL '$sign${absMonths / MONTHS_PER_YEAR}-${absMonths % MONTHS_PER_YEAR}' YEAR TO MONTH"
+  }
 }

sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/expressions/CastSuite.scala

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 package org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions
 
 import java.sql.{Date, Timestamp}
-import java.time.DateTimeException
+import java.time.{DateTimeException, Period}
 import java.util.{Calendar, TimeZone}
 
 import scala.collection.parallel.immutable.ParVector
@@ -64,9 +64,7 @@ abstract class CastSuiteBase extends SparkFunSuite with ExpressionEvalHelper {
     atomicTypes.foreach(dt => checkNullCast(NullType, dt))
     (atomicTypes -- Set(
       // TODO(SPARK-34668): Support casting of day-time intervals to strings
-      DayTimeIntervalType,
-      // TODO(SPARK-34667): Support casting of year-month intervals to strings
-      YearMonthIntervalType)).foreach(dt => checkNullCast(dt, StringType))
+      DayTimeIntervalType)).foreach(dt => checkNullCast(dt, StringType))
     checkNullCast(StringType, BinaryType)
     checkNullCast(StringType, BooleanType)
     numericTypes.foreach(dt => checkNullCast(dt, BooleanType))
@@ -799,6 +797,27 @@ abstract class CastSuiteBase extends SparkFunSuite with ExpressionEvalHelper {
       }
     }
   }
+
+  test("SPARK-34667: cast year-month interval to string") {
+    Seq(
+      Period.ofMonths(0) -> "0-0",
+      Period.ofMonths(1) -> "0-1",
+      Period.ofMonths(-1) -> "-0-1",
+      Period.ofYears(1) -> "1-0",
+      Period.ofYears(-1) -> "-1-0",
+      Period.ofYears(10).plusMonths(10) -> "10-10",
+      Period.ofYears(-123).minusMonths(6) -> "-123-6",
+      Period.ofMonths(Int.MaxValue) -> "178956970-7",
+      Period.ofMonths(Int.MinValue) -> "-178956970-8"
+    ).foreach { case (period, intervalPayload) =>
+      checkEvaluation(
+        Cast(Literal(period), StringType),
+        s"INTERVAL '$intervalPayload' YEAR TO MONTH")
+    }
+
+    checkConsistencyBetweenInterpretedAndCodegen(
+      (child: Expression) => Cast(child, StringType), YearMonthIntervalType)
+  }
 }
 
 abstract class AnsiCastSuiteBase extends CastSuiteBase {