[Bug]: collection.search().rows() returns an array of arrays, not array of objects #5827
Description
For the code below:
const search = async (query: string): Promise<Array<{ excerpt: string }>> => {
const denseRank = Knn({
query,
key: "#embedding",
returnRank: true,
limit: 20
});
const sparseRank = Knn({
query,
key: "bm25",
returnRank: true,
limit: 20
});
const rrf = Rrf({
ranks: [denseRank, sparseRank],
weights: [.7, .3],
k: 60
});
const search = new Search().rank(rrf).select(K.DOCUMENT, K.SCORE);
const results = await chromaCollection.search(search);
console.log(results.rows()[0][0])
return results.rows()[0]?.map((row => ({
excerpt: row.document as string,
}))) || [];
};The return value of results.rows() is not an array of the results, it's a single element array of the array of the results.
Actual:
[
[
{
id: "cuyahoga_valley_chunk_1",
document: "These forests provide spectacular autumn colors typically peaking in early to mid-October. The park also protects rare prairie remnants and restored wetlands that support diverse plant communities.\n\nWildlife includes 70 mammal species, over 247 bird species, and numerous reptiles, amphibians, and fish. White-tailed deer are abundant throughout the park, while smaller mammals include raccoons, opossums, squirrels, and chipmunks. The park serves as an important migratory corridor for birds, with great blue herons, belted kingfishers, and various waterfowl commonly seen along the river and in wetland areas.\n\nThe restored wetlands and river habitats support beaver populations, which have returned after being absent from the area for over a century. Bald eagles have also returned to nest along the river, representing one of Ohio's conservation success stories.\n\nIndigenous peoples, including ancestors of the Seneca and other tribes, lived in the Cuyahoga Valley for thousands of years. They used the river as a transportation route and established seasonal camps in the area. European settlers arrived in the late 1700s, establishing farms and small communities throughout the valley.\n\nThe Ohio & Erie Canal, completed in 1832, transformed the valley by connecting northern Ohio to markets in the south. The canal brought prosperity to the region, with numerous locks, mills, and towns developing along its route. Canal boat travel remained popular until railroads made the waterway obsolete in the 1870s.\n\nThe valley later became industrialized, with mills, factories, and mining operations taking advantage of the water power and transportation routes. By the mid-20th century, however, industrial decline and environmental degradation led to efforts to preserve the area's remaining natural and cultural resources.\n\nThe park operates the Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railroad, which provides vintage train rides through the valley and connects to many trailheads and attractions. ",
score: -0.0165847,
}, {
id: "yellowstone_chunk_1",
document: "Yellowstone Lake, at 7,732 feet above sea level, is one of the highest large lakes in North America and supports native cutthroat trout populations.\n\nIndigenous peoples have inhabited the Yellowstone region for over 11,000 years. The Crow, Blackfeet, Nez Perce, Shoshone, and other tribes considered these lands sacred and used them for hunting, fishing, and gathering. The park's name comes from the Minnetaree word \"Mi tse a-da-zi\" (Yellow Rock River), referring to the yellow-colored rocks along the Yellowstone River.\n\nBest time to visit: Late May through September for most roads and services; July–August are busiest. Winter offers quiet, snow-covered landscapes accessible by guided snowcoach or snowmobile, but services are limited and extreme cold is common.\n\nVisitor tips: Stay on boardwalks in thermal areas—ground can be thin and water scalding. Keep at least 25 yards from most wildlife and 100 yards from bears and wolves. Expect road closures from early fall through late spring due to snow and construction; weather changes rapidly at altitude, so carry layers and emergency supplies.\n\nKey attractions include the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, with its dramatic Lower Falls plunging 308 feet, the colorful Grand Prismatic Spring (the largest hot spring in the United States), Mammoth Hot Springs' terraced limestone formations, and Yellowstone Lake. Popular activities include wildlife viewing, hiking over 900 miles of trails, fishing, camping, and photography.",
score: -0.015977822,
}, {
id: "cuyahoga_valley_chunk_0",
document: "CUYAHOGA VALLEY NATIONAL PARK\n\nLocation: Northeastern Ohio, between Akron and Cleveland\nEstablished: October 11, 2000\nSize: 33,570 acres (136 square kilometers)\nCoordinates: 41.2808° N, 81.5678° W\n\nCuyahoga Valley National Park, designated as a national park in 2000, preserves 33,570 acres of diverse landscapes in northeastern Ohio between the cities of Cleveland and Akron. The park protects the rural landscape along 22 miles of the Cuyahoga River, showcasing a unique blend of natural beauty and cultural history in an area that has been shaped by both geological forces and human activity for thousands of years.\n\nThe park's centerpiece is the Cuyahoga River, which flows north through the valley toward Lake Erie. The name \"Cuyahoga\" comes from a Mohawk word meaning \"crooked river,\" aptly describing the winding waterway that carved this scenic valley. The river gained national attention in 1969 when industrial pollution caused it to catch fire, leading to significant environmental reforms and the Clean Water Act.\n\nThe valley's landscape was primarily shaped by glacial activity during the last ice age. Glaciers carved the valley and deposited sediments that created the area's rolling terrain, wetlands, and rich soils. The park's elevation ranges from 650 feet along the Cuyahoga River to 1,170 feet on the surrounding plateau, creating diverse microclimates and habitats.\n\nCuyahoga Valley represents the largest green space in the region, encompassing forests, wetlands, grasslands, and agricultural fields. The park contains over 125 miles of hiking and biking trails, including the Ohio & Erie Canal Towpath Trail, which follows the historic route of the canal that connected Lake Erie to the Ohio River in the 1800s.\n\nThe park's forests consist primarily of second-growth deciduous and mixed woodlands, featuring oak, maple, beech, and hemlock trees. These forests provide spectacular autumn colors typically peaking in early to mid-October. ",
score: -0.015606061,
}, {
id: "grand_teton_chunk_1",
document: "\nThe park hosts over 300 bird species, from tiny hummingbirds to majestic trumpeter swans. Bald eagles nest along the Snake River, while peregrine falcons hunt from the steep cliff faces. The park's lakes and wetlands provide crucial habitat for waterfowl during migration and breeding seasons.\n\nIndigenous peoples have traveled through Jackson Hole for over 11,000 years. The area served as a seasonal hunting ground for various tribes, including the Shoshone, Crow, Blackfeet, and Gros Ventre. The valley's name \"Jackson Hole\" comes from David Jackson, a fur trapper who worked the area in the 1820s. In mountain man terminology, a \"hole\" referred to a high mountain valley.\n\nThe park's creation involved considerable controversy and took over 20 years to complete. John D. Rockefeller Jr. secretly purchased much of the private land in Jackson Hole during the 1930s through the Snake River Land Company, later donating it to the National Park Service. Local opposition was fierce, and it wasn't until 1950 that the expanded park was finally established.\n\nThe Teton Range offers some of the finest mountaineering in North America. Grand Teton itself attracts climbers from around the world, with routes ranging from the moderate Owen-Spalding route to technically challenging faces requiring advanced skills. The park also offers excellent rock climbing on shorter formations and bouldering opportunities.\n\nBest time to visit: June–September for most hiking, boating, and climbing. Late September to early October brings spectacular fall color and active wildlife; spring snow lingers at higher elevations.\n\nVisitor tips: Carry bear spray and know how to use it; give wildlife ample space. Expect afternoon thunderstorms, cold nights, and strong winds. Many facilities and park roads operate seasonally; check road construction updates and Jenny Lake shuttle schedules.\n",
score: -0.015314685,
}, {
id: "great_smoky_mountains_chunk_1",
document: "The park is famous for its American black bear population, estimated at 1,500 individuals, giving it one of the highest bear densities in the eastern United States. Other notable mammals include white-tailed deer, elk (reintroduced in 2001), wild boar, bobcats, and river otters.\n\nThe park is particularly renowned for its salamander diversity, earning it the nickname \"Salamander Capital of the World\" with 30 species, including several found nowhere else on Earth. The synchronous fireflies that light up the park's forests in early June create one of nature's most spectacular displays.\n\nFor over 14,000 years, the Cherokee people lived in and around the Smoky Mountains. They called the mountains \"Shaconage,\" meaning \"place of the blue smoke.\" European settlers arrived in the late 1700s, establishing communities that thrived on farming, logging, and moonshine production until the park's creation.\n\nThe park preserves over 90 historic structures, including log cabins, churches, mills, and barns that tell the story of Southern Appalachian culture. Cades Cove, an 11-mile loop road through a historic valley, showcases the area's settlement history with preserved buildings and wildlife viewing opportunities.\n\nBest time to visit: Spring (April–May) for wildflowers and waterfalls; autumn (October–early November) for brilliant foliage. Summer is warm, humid, and busy; winter can bring icy conditions on higher-elevation roads and trails.\n\nVisitor tips: There is no entrance fee, but parking areas fill quickly in peak seasons—arrive early. Practice black bear safety: never feed wildlife and secure food. Weather shifts quickly with elevation; carry rain gear. Several roads and campgrounds operate seasonally.\n\nPopular attractions include Cataract Falls, the park's most photographed waterfall; Cades Cove for wildlife and history; Clingmans Dome observation tower offering 360-degree views; and the Appalachian Trail, which traverses the park for 71 miles along the Tennessee-North Carolina border. ",
score: -0.014411764,
}, {
id: "glacier_chunk_0",
document: "GLACIER NATIONAL PARK\n\nLocation: Northwestern Montana, bordering Canada\nEstablished: May 11, 1910\nSize: 1,013,126 acres (4,100 square kilometers)\nCoordinates: 48.7596° N, 113.7870° W\n\nGlacier National Park, established in 1910, preserves over one million acres of pristine wilderness in northwestern Montana along the Canadian border. Together with Canada's adjacent Waterton Lakes National Park, it forms the Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995.\n\nThe park showcases the dramatic landscape carved by glacial activity during multiple ice ages. While the park once contained over 150 glaciers, climate change has reduced this number to approximately 25 active glaciers, most significantly smaller than they were a century ago. Scientists predict that most of the park's remaining glaciers may disappear within the next few decades.\n\nGlacier's terrain is characterized by sharp-peaked mountains, pristine lakes, and U-shaped valleys carved by ancient glaciers. The park straddles the Continental Divide, with waters flowing east to the Atlantic and west to the Pacific. The highest peak, Mount Cleveland, reaches 10,466 feet, while the park's lowest elevation is 3,150 feet at the North Fork Flathead River.\n\nGoing-to-the-Sun Road, a spectacular 50-mile mountain road completed in 1932, is the park's crown jewel. This engineering marvel crosses the Continental Divide at Logan Pass (6,646 feet) and provides access to the park's alpine environment. The road is typically open from late June to mid-October, depending on snow conditions.\n\nThe park contains over 700 miles of hiking trails, ranging from easy lakeside walks to challenging backcountry routes. Popular day hikes include the Hidden Lake Overlook from Logan Pass, Avalanche Lake through old-growth cedar forests, and the more challenging Grinnell Glacier trail, which leads to one of the park's most accessible glaciers.\n",
score: -0.014070048,
}, {
id: "zion_chunk_0",
document: "ZION NATIONAL PARK\n\nLocation: Southwestern Utah\nEstablished: November 19, 1919\nSize: 147,242 acres (596 square kilometers)\nCoordinates: 37.2982° N, 113.0263° W\n\nZion National Park, established in 1919, showcases 147,242 acres of Utah's diverse desert landscape. The park is famous for its towering sandstone cliffs, narrow slot canyons, and the Virgin River that carved these spectacular formations over millions of years.\n\nThe park's centerpiece is Zion Canyon, a 15-mile-long gorge with walls reaching up to 2,000 feet high. These massive sandstone cliffs, primarily composed of Navajo Sandstone, display stunning colors ranging from cream and pink to deep red. The canyon was carved by the North Fork Virgin River, which continues to flow through the park today.\n\nZion's elevation ranges from 3,666 feet at Coalpits Wash to 8,726 feet at Horse Ranch Mountain. This elevation diversity creates four distinct life zones: desert, riparian, woodland, and coniferous forest. The park experiences a desert climate with hot, dry summers and mild winters, though higher elevations can receive significant snowfall.\n\nThe Virgin River and its tributaries create lush riparian zones that contrast dramatically with the surrounding desert landscape. These green corridors support diverse plant communities, including Fremont cottonwoods, box elders, willows, and hanging gardens of wildflowers and ferns that thrive in seeps and springs along canyon walls.\n\nWildlife includes 79 mammal species, 291 bird species, 44 reptile and amphibian species, and 8 fish species. Desert bighorn sheep, reintroduced in 1973, navigate the park's steep terrain with remarkable agility. Other mammals include mule deer, mountain lions, bobcats, ringtails, and numerous bat species. The park is home to several endemic species, including the Zion snail, found only in hanging gardens within the park.\n\nThe area has been inhabited for over 8,000 years. ",
score: -0.013852814,
}, {
id: "zion_chunk_1",
document: "\nThe area has been inhabited for over 8,000 years. The Ancestral Puebloans (formerly called Anasazi) lived here from approximately 300 to 1200 CE, leaving behind petroglyphs, pictographs, and archaeological sites. Later, Southern Paiute people lived in and around Zion Canyon. They called it \"Mukuntuweap,\" meaning \"straight canyon.\"\n\nMormon pioneers arrived in the 1860s and established settlements in the area. They named the canyon \"Zion,\" a Biblical term meaning \"place of refuge\" or \"sanctuary.\" These early settlers developed much of the infrastructure that later became the foundation for tourism in the area.\n\nThe park's most famous hike is The Narrows, where visitors wade through the Virgin River between towering canyon walls that narrow to just 20-30 feet wide in places. Angels Landing, a challenging hike to a narrow rock formation 1,488 feet above the canyon floor, offers spectacular views but requires permits due to its popularity and difficulty.\n\nBest time to visit: Spring and fall bring comfortable temperatures and wildflowers or fall color. Summer is hot and often crowded; monsoon season can bring flash floods. Winter is quieter with occasional snow at higher elevations.\n\nVisitor tips: Check flash-flood forecasts before entering slot canyons; The Narrows requires walking in water and may be closed during high flows. Permits are required for Angels Landing and many canyoneering routes. Zion Canyon uses a shuttle system much of the year—plan around shuttle schedules and carry plenty of water.\n\nOther popular attractions include Emerald Pools, Weeping Rock, Canyon Junction Bridge, and the Zion-Mount Carmel Tunnel, an engineering marvel completed in 1930. Activities include hiking, canyoneering, rock climbing, wildlife viewing, and photography. The park operates a shuttle system in Zion Canyon to reduce traffic congestion and protect the environment.",
score: -0.013810946,
}, {
id: "grand_teton_chunk_0",
document: "GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK\n\nLocation: Northwestern Wyoming\nEstablished: February 26, 1929\nSize: 310,044 acres (1,254 square kilometers)\nCoordinates: 43.7904° N, 110.6818° W\n\nGrand Teton National Park, established in 1929 and expanded to its current size in 1950, protects 310,044 acres of spectacular mountain landscape in northwestern Wyoming. The park is named after Grand Teton, the tallest mountain in the Teton Range at 13,775 feet, which rises dramatically from the valley floor without foothills.\n\nThe Teton Range is among the youngest mountain ranges in the Rocky Mountains, formed by geological faulting rather than volcanic activity. These jagged peaks, composed primarily of granite and metamorphic rock, rise abruptly 7,000 feet from the valley floor, creating one of the most dramatic mountain profiles in North America.\n\nJackson Hole, the valley that lies at the base of the Tetons, sits at approximately 6,400 feet elevation. This high mountain valley, 48 miles long and 6-13 miles wide, was formed by glacial activity and tectonic forces. The Snake River meanders through the valley, supporting riparian ecosystems and providing habitat for diverse wildlife.\n\nThe park contains over 200 lakes, most formed by glacial activity. Jackson Lake, the largest at 15 miles long, was enlarged by the construction of Jackson Lake Dam in 1911. Jenny Lake, perhaps the most popular destination, offers stunning reflections of the Teton peaks and serves as a trailhead for many popular hikes.\n\nGrand Teton's ecosystem supports 61 mammal species, including all the charismatic megafauna of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. The park is home to grizzly bears, black bears, mountain lions, wolves, moose, elk, bison, pronghorn, and mule deer. The moose population is particularly notable, as these massive ungulates thrive in the park's willow-rich wetlands and beaver ponds.\n\nThe park hosts over 300 bird species, from tiny hummingbirds to majestic trumpeter swans. ",
score: -0.013260073,
}
]
]
Expected:
[
{
id: "cuyahoga_valley_chunk_1",
document: "These forests provide spectacular autumn colors typically peaking in early to mid-October. The park also protects rare prairie remnants and restored wetlands that support diverse plant communities.\n\nWildlife includes 70 mammal species, over 247 bird species, and numerous reptiles, amphibians, and fish. White-tailed deer are abundant throughout the park, while smaller mammals include raccoons, opossums, squirrels, and chipmunks. The park serves as an important migratory corridor for birds, with great blue herons, belted kingfishers, and various waterfowl commonly seen along the river and in wetland areas.\n\nThe restored wetlands and river habitats support beaver populations, which have returned after being absent from the area for over a century. Bald eagles have also returned to nest along the river, representing one of Ohio's conservation success stories.\n\nIndigenous peoples, including ancestors of the Seneca and other tribes, lived in the Cuyahoga Valley for thousands of years. They used the river as a transportation route and established seasonal camps in the area. European settlers arrived in the late 1700s, establishing farms and small communities throughout the valley.\n\nThe Ohio & Erie Canal, completed in 1832, transformed the valley by connecting northern Ohio to markets in the south. The canal brought prosperity to the region, with numerous locks, mills, and towns developing along its route. Canal boat travel remained popular until railroads made the waterway obsolete in the 1870s.\n\nThe valley later became industrialized, with mills, factories, and mining operations taking advantage of the water power and transportation routes. By the mid-20th century, however, industrial decline and environmental degradation led to efforts to preserve the area's remaining natural and cultural resources.\n\nThe park operates the Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railroad, which provides vintage train rides through the valley and connects to many trailheads and attractions. ",
score: -0.0165847,
}, {
id: "yellowstone_chunk_1",
document: "Yellowstone Lake, at 7,732 feet above sea level, is one of the highest large lakes in North America and supports native cutthroat trout populations.\n\nIndigenous peoples have inhabited the Yellowstone region for over 11,000 years. The Crow, Blackfeet, Nez Perce, Shoshone, and other tribes considered these lands sacred and used them for hunting, fishing, and gathering. The park's name comes from the Minnetaree word \"Mi tse a-da-zi\" (Yellow Rock River), referring to the yellow-colored rocks along the Yellowstone River.\n\nBest time to visit: Late May through September for most roads and services; July–August are busiest. Winter offers quiet, snow-covered landscapes accessible by guided snowcoach or snowmobile, but services are limited and extreme cold is common.\n\nVisitor tips: Stay on boardwalks in thermal areas—ground can be thin and water scalding. Keep at least 25 yards from most wildlife and 100 yards from bears and wolves. Expect road closures from early fall through late spring due to snow and construction; weather changes rapidly at altitude, so carry layers and emergency supplies.\n\nKey attractions include the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, with its dramatic Lower Falls plunging 308 feet, the colorful Grand Prismatic Spring (the largest hot spring in the United States), Mammoth Hot Springs' terraced limestone formations, and Yellowstone Lake. Popular activities include wildlife viewing, hiking over 900 miles of trails, fishing, camping, and photography.",
score: -0.015977822,
}, {
id: "cuyahoga_valley_chunk_0",
document: "CUYAHOGA VALLEY NATIONAL PARK\n\nLocation: Northeastern Ohio, between Akron and Cleveland\nEstablished: October 11, 2000\nSize: 33,570 acres (136 square kilometers)\nCoordinates: 41.2808° N, 81.5678° W\n\nCuyahoga Valley National Park, designated as a national park in 2000, preserves 33,570 acres of diverse landscapes in northeastern Ohio between the cities of Cleveland and Akron. The park protects the rural landscape along 22 miles of the Cuyahoga River, showcasing a unique blend of natural beauty and cultural history in an area that has been shaped by both geological forces and human activity for thousands of years.\n\nThe park's centerpiece is the Cuyahoga River, which flows north through the valley toward Lake Erie. The name \"Cuyahoga\" comes from a Mohawk word meaning \"crooked river,\" aptly describing the winding waterway that carved this scenic valley. The river gained national attention in 1969 when industrial pollution caused it to catch fire, leading to significant environmental reforms and the Clean Water Act.\n\nThe valley's landscape was primarily shaped by glacial activity during the last ice age. Glaciers carved the valley and deposited sediments that created the area's rolling terrain, wetlands, and rich soils. The park's elevation ranges from 650 feet along the Cuyahoga River to 1,170 feet on the surrounding plateau, creating diverse microclimates and habitats.\n\nCuyahoga Valley represents the largest green space in the region, encompassing forests, wetlands, grasslands, and agricultural fields. The park contains over 125 miles of hiking and biking trails, including the Ohio & Erie Canal Towpath Trail, which follows the historic route of the canal that connected Lake Erie to the Ohio River in the 1800s.\n\nThe park's forests consist primarily of second-growth deciduous and mixed woodlands, featuring oak, maple, beech, and hemlock trees. These forests provide spectacular autumn colors typically peaking in early to mid-October. ",
score: -0.015606061,
}, {
id: "grand_teton_chunk_1",
document: "\nThe park hosts over 300 bird species, from tiny hummingbirds to majestic trumpeter swans. Bald eagles nest along the Snake River, while peregrine falcons hunt from the steep cliff faces. The park's lakes and wetlands provide crucial habitat for waterfowl during migration and breeding seasons.\n\nIndigenous peoples have traveled through Jackson Hole for over 11,000 years. The area served as a seasonal hunting ground for various tribes, including the Shoshone, Crow, Blackfeet, and Gros Ventre. The valley's name \"Jackson Hole\" comes from David Jackson, a fur trapper who worked the area in the 1820s. In mountain man terminology, a \"hole\" referred to a high mountain valley.\n\nThe park's creation involved considerable controversy and took over 20 years to complete. John D. Rockefeller Jr. secretly purchased much of the private land in Jackson Hole during the 1930s through the Snake River Land Company, later donating it to the National Park Service. Local opposition was fierce, and it wasn't until 1950 that the expanded park was finally established.\n\nThe Teton Range offers some of the finest mountaineering in North America. Grand Teton itself attracts climbers from around the world, with routes ranging from the moderate Owen-Spalding route to technically challenging faces requiring advanced skills. The park also offers excellent rock climbing on shorter formations and bouldering opportunities.\n\nBest time to visit: June–September for most hiking, boating, and climbing. Late September to early October brings spectacular fall color and active wildlife; spring snow lingers at higher elevations.\n\nVisitor tips: Carry bear spray and know how to use it; give wildlife ample space. Expect afternoon thunderstorms, cold nights, and strong winds. Many facilities and park roads operate seasonally; check road construction updates and Jenny Lake shuttle schedules.\n",
score: -0.015314685,
}, {
id: "great_smoky_mountains_chunk_1",
document: "The park is famous for its American black bear population, estimated at 1,500 individuals, giving it one of the highest bear densities in the eastern United States. Other notable mammals include white-tailed deer, elk (reintroduced in 2001), wild boar, bobcats, and river otters.\n\nThe park is particularly renowned for its salamander diversity, earning it the nickname \"Salamander Capital of the World\" with 30 species, including several found nowhere else on Earth. The synchronous fireflies that light up the park's forests in early June create one of nature's most spectacular displays.\n\nFor over 14,000 years, the Cherokee people lived in and around the Smoky Mountains. They called the mountains \"Shaconage,\" meaning \"place of the blue smoke.\" European settlers arrived in the late 1700s, establishing communities that thrived on farming, logging, and moonshine production until the park's creation.\n\nThe park preserves over 90 historic structures, including log cabins, churches, mills, and barns that tell the story of Southern Appalachian culture. Cades Cove, an 11-mile loop road through a historic valley, showcases the area's settlement history with preserved buildings and wildlife viewing opportunities.\n\nBest time to visit: Spring (April–May) for wildflowers and waterfalls; autumn (October–early November) for brilliant foliage. Summer is warm, humid, and busy; winter can bring icy conditions on higher-elevation roads and trails.\n\nVisitor tips: There is no entrance fee, but parking areas fill quickly in peak seasons—arrive early. Practice black bear safety: never feed wildlife and secure food. Weather shifts quickly with elevation; carry rain gear. Several roads and campgrounds operate seasonally.\n\nPopular attractions include Cataract Falls, the park's most photographed waterfall; Cades Cove for wildlife and history; Clingmans Dome observation tower offering 360-degree views; and the Appalachian Trail, which traverses the park for 71 miles along the Tennessee-North Carolina border. ",
score: -0.014411764,
}, {
id: "glacier_chunk_0",
document: "GLACIER NATIONAL PARK\n\nLocation: Northwestern Montana, bordering Canada\nEstablished: May 11, 1910\nSize: 1,013,126 acres (4,100 square kilometers)\nCoordinates: 48.7596° N, 113.7870° W\n\nGlacier National Park, established in 1910, preserves over one million acres of pristine wilderness in northwestern Montana along the Canadian border. Together with Canada's adjacent Waterton Lakes National Park, it forms the Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995.\n\nThe park showcases the dramatic landscape carved by glacial activity during multiple ice ages. While the park once contained over 150 glaciers, climate change has reduced this number to approximately 25 active glaciers, most significantly smaller than they were a century ago. Scientists predict that most of the park's remaining glaciers may disappear within the next few decades.\n\nGlacier's terrain is characterized by sharp-peaked mountains, pristine lakes, and U-shaped valleys carved by ancient glaciers. The park straddles the Continental Divide, with waters flowing east to the Atlantic and west to the Pacific. The highest peak, Mount Cleveland, reaches 10,466 feet, while the park's lowest elevation is 3,150 feet at the North Fork Flathead River.\n\nGoing-to-the-Sun Road, a spectacular 50-mile mountain road completed in 1932, is the park's crown jewel. This engineering marvel crosses the Continental Divide at Logan Pass (6,646 feet) and provides access to the park's alpine environment. The road is typically open from late June to mid-October, depending on snow conditions.\n\nThe park contains over 700 miles of hiking trails, ranging from easy lakeside walks to challenging backcountry routes. Popular day hikes include the Hidden Lake Overlook from Logan Pass, Avalanche Lake through old-growth cedar forests, and the more challenging Grinnell Glacier trail, which leads to one of the park's most accessible glaciers.\n",
score: -0.014070048,
}, {
id: "zion_chunk_0",
document: "ZION NATIONAL PARK\n\nLocation: Southwestern Utah\nEstablished: November 19, 1919\nSize: 147,242 acres (596 square kilometers)\nCoordinates: 37.2982° N, 113.0263° W\n\nZion National Park, established in 1919, showcases 147,242 acres of Utah's diverse desert landscape. The park is famous for its towering sandstone cliffs, narrow slot canyons, and the Virgin River that carved these spectacular formations over millions of years.\n\nThe park's centerpiece is Zion Canyon, a 15-mile-long gorge with walls reaching up to 2,000 feet high. These massive sandstone cliffs, primarily composed of Navajo Sandstone, display stunning colors ranging from cream and pink to deep red. The canyon was carved by the North Fork Virgin River, which continues to flow through the park today.\n\nZion's elevation ranges from 3,666 feet at Coalpits Wash to 8,726 feet at Horse Ranch Mountain. This elevation diversity creates four distinct life zones: desert, riparian, woodland, and coniferous forest. The park experiences a desert climate with hot, dry summers and mild winters, though higher elevations can receive significant snowfall.\n\nThe Virgin River and its tributaries create lush riparian zones that contrast dramatically with the surrounding desert landscape. These green corridors support diverse plant communities, including Fremont cottonwoods, box elders, willows, and hanging gardens of wildflowers and ferns that thrive in seeps and springs along canyon walls.\n\nWildlife includes 79 mammal species, 291 bird species, 44 reptile and amphibian species, and 8 fish species. Desert bighorn sheep, reintroduced in 1973, navigate the park's steep terrain with remarkable agility. Other mammals include mule deer, mountain lions, bobcats, ringtails, and numerous bat species. The park is home to several endemic species, including the Zion snail, found only in hanging gardens within the park.\n\nThe area has been inhabited for over 8,000 years. ",
score: -0.013852814,
}, {
id: "zion_chunk_1",
document: "\nThe area has been inhabited for over 8,000 years. The Ancestral Puebloans (formerly called Anasazi) lived here from approximately 300 to 1200 CE, leaving behind petroglyphs, pictographs, and archaeological sites. Later, Southern Paiute people lived in and around Zion Canyon. They called it \"Mukuntuweap,\" meaning \"straight canyon.\"\n\nMormon pioneers arrived in the 1860s and established settlements in the area. They named the canyon \"Zion,\" a Biblical term meaning \"place of refuge\" or \"sanctuary.\" These early settlers developed much of the infrastructure that later became the foundation for tourism in the area.\n\nThe park's most famous hike is The Narrows, where visitors wade through the Virgin River between towering canyon walls that narrow to just 20-30 feet wide in places. Angels Landing, a challenging hike to a narrow rock formation 1,488 feet above the canyon floor, offers spectacular views but requires permits due to its popularity and difficulty.\n\nBest time to visit: Spring and fall bring comfortable temperatures and wildflowers or fall color. Summer is hot and often crowded; monsoon season can bring flash floods. Winter is quieter with occasional snow at higher elevations.\n\nVisitor tips: Check flash-flood forecasts before entering slot canyons; The Narrows requires walking in water and may be closed during high flows. Permits are required for Angels Landing and many canyoneering routes. Zion Canyon uses a shuttle system much of the year—plan around shuttle schedules and carry plenty of water.\n\nOther popular attractions include Emerald Pools, Weeping Rock, Canyon Junction Bridge, and the Zion-Mount Carmel Tunnel, an engineering marvel completed in 1930. Activities include hiking, canyoneering, rock climbing, wildlife viewing, and photography. The park operates a shuttle system in Zion Canyon to reduce traffic congestion and protect the environment.",
score: -0.013810946,
}, {
id: "grand_teton_chunk_0",
document: "GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK\n\nLocation: Northwestern Wyoming\nEstablished: February 26, 1929\nSize: 310,044 acres (1,254 square kilometers)\nCoordinates: 43.7904° N, 110.6818° W\n\nGrand Teton National Park, established in 1929 and expanded to its current size in 1950, protects 310,044 acres of spectacular mountain landscape in northwestern Wyoming. The park is named after Grand Teton, the tallest mountain in the Teton Range at 13,775 feet, which rises dramatically from the valley floor without foothills.\n\nThe Teton Range is among the youngest mountain ranges in the Rocky Mountains, formed by geological faulting rather than volcanic activity. These jagged peaks, composed primarily of granite and metamorphic rock, rise abruptly 7,000 feet from the valley floor, creating one of the most dramatic mountain profiles in North America.\n\nJackson Hole, the valley that lies at the base of the Tetons, sits at approximately 6,400 feet elevation. This high mountain valley, 48 miles long and 6-13 miles wide, was formed by glacial activity and tectonic forces. The Snake River meanders through the valley, supporting riparian ecosystems and providing habitat for diverse wildlife.\n\nThe park contains over 200 lakes, most formed by glacial activity. Jackson Lake, the largest at 15 miles long, was enlarged by the construction of Jackson Lake Dam in 1911. Jenny Lake, perhaps the most popular destination, offers stunning reflections of the Teton peaks and serves as a trailhead for many popular hikes.\n\nGrand Teton's ecosystem supports 61 mammal species, including all the charismatic megafauna of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. The park is home to grizzly bears, black bears, mountain lions, wolves, moose, elk, bison, pronghorn, and mule deer. The moose population is particularly notable, as these massive ungulates thrive in the park's willow-rich wetlands and beaver ponds.\n\nThe park hosts over 300 bird species, from tiny hummingbirds to majestic trumpeter swans. ",
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