To be clear, I am sidestepping the conan-clion-plugin by entering the commands that fail manually. The above command is executed by the plugin - which does not specify the build profile - and fails with the same error of compiler incompatibility with compile options. I am using conan manually, instead of relying on the plugin, because the plugin refuses to read neither my .zshenv file in which I set CONAN_USER_HOME nor the same environment variable set in CLion (but this is besides the point right now).
Originally written by @maichmueller in conan-io/conan#14870