diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 9d73152721a..a18ab4ca9b7 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -386,6 +386,12 @@
   annotation of a parameter of an anonymous function would do nothing.
   ([Surya Rose](https://github.com/GearsDatapacks))
 
+- Fixed a bug where an incorrect bit array would be generated on JavaScript for
+  negative `Int` values when the segment's `size` was wider than 48 bits or when
+  the `Int` value was less than the minimum representable value for the segment
+  size.
+  ([Richard Viney](https://github.com/richard-viney))
+
 ## v1.5.1 - 2024-09-26
 
 ### Bug Fixes
diff --git a/compiler-core/templates/prelude.mjs b/compiler-core/templates/prelude.mjs
index d2adeef273f..adc06636fc4 100644
--- a/compiler-core/templates/prelude.mjs
+++ b/compiler-core/templates/prelude.mjs
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ export function toBitArray(segments) {
 // @internal
 // Derived from this answer https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8482309/converting-javascript-integer-to-byte-array-and-back
 export function sizedInt(value, size, isBigEndian) {
-  if (size < 0) {
+  if (size <= 0) {
     return new Uint8Array();
   }
   if (size % 8 != 0) {
@@ -200,22 +200,38 @@ export function sizedInt(value, size, isBigEndian) {
 
   const byteArray = new Uint8Array(size / 8);
 
-  // Convert negative number to two's complement representation
+  let byteModulus = 256;
+
+  // Convert negative numbers to two's complement representation.
   if (value < 0) {
-    value = 2 ** size + value;
+    let valueModulus;
+
+    // For output sizes larger than 48 bits BigInt is used in order to
+    // maintain accuracy
+    if (size <= 48) {
+      valueModulus = 2 ** size;
+    } else {
+      valueModulus = 1n << BigInt(size);
+
+      value = BigInt(value);
+      byteModulus = BigInt(byteModulus);
+    }
+
+    value %= valueModulus;
+    value = valueModulus + value;
   }
 
   if (isBigEndian) {
     for (let i = byteArray.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-      const byte = value % 256;
-      byteArray[i] = byte;
-      value = (value - byte) / 256;
+      const byte = value % byteModulus;
+      byteArray[i] = Number(byte);
+      value = (value - byte) / byteModulus;
     }
   } else {
     for (let i = 0; i < byteArray.length; i++) {
-      const byte = value % 256;
-      byteArray[i] = byte;
-      value = (value - byte) / 256;
+      const byte = value % byteModulus;
+      byteArray[i] = Number(byte);
+      value = (value - byte) / byteModulus;
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/test/javascript_prelude/main.mjs b/test/javascript_prelude/main.mjs
index 0f9e8289d59..05f5a07d277 100755
--- a/test/javascript_prelude/main.mjs
+++ b/test/javascript_prelude/main.mjs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import {
   stringBits,
   toBitArray,
   toList,
+  sizedInt,
 } from "./prelude.mjs";
 
 let failures = 0;
@@ -394,6 +395,8 @@ assertNotEqual(new HasCustomEquals(1, 1), new HasCustomEquals(2, 1));
 assertEqual(hasEqualsField, { ...hasEqualsField });
 assertNotEqual(hasEqualsField, hasEqualsField2);
 
+// BitArray
+
 assertEqual(new BitArray(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3])).byteAt(0), 1);
 assertEqual(new BitArray(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3])).byteAt(2), 3);
 assertEqual(new BitArray(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3])).intFromSlice(0, 1, true, false), 1);
@@ -424,6 +427,49 @@ assertEqual(
   new BitArray(new Uint8Array([2, 3])),
 );
 
+// sizedInt()
+
+assertEqual(
+  sizedInt(100, 0, true),
+  new Uint8Array([]),
+);
+assertEqual(
+  sizedInt(0, 32, true),
+  new Uint8Array([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+);
+assertEqual(
+  sizedInt(1, 24, true),
+  new Uint8Array([0, 0, 1]),
+);
+assertEqual(
+  sizedInt(-1, 32, true),
+  new Uint8Array([255, 255, 255, 255]),
+);
+assertEqual(
+  sizedInt(80000, 16, true),
+  new Uint8Array([56, 128]),
+);
+assertEqual(
+  sizedInt(-80000, 16, true),
+  new Uint8Array([199, 128]),
+);
+assertEqual(
+  sizedInt(-489_391_639_457_909_760, 56, true),
+  new Uint8Array([53, 84, 229, 150, 16, 180, 0]),
+);
+assertEqual(
+  sizedInt(-1, 64, true),
+  new Uint8Array([255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255]),
+);
+assertEqual(
+  sizedInt(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER, 64, true),
+  new Uint8Array([0, 31, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255]),
+);
+assertEqual(
+  sizedInt(Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER, 64, true),
+  new Uint8Array([255, 224, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]),
+);
+
 // Result.isOk
 
 assertEqual(new Ok(1).isOk(), true);