diff --git a/flax/nnx/rnglib.py b/flax/nnx/rnglib.py
index 2c8479b3f..71a3550cb 100644
--- a/flax/nnx/rnglib.py
+++ b/flax/nnx/rnglib.py
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ def _to_keyless(
 
 
 def _function_to_method(random_f):
+  @functools.wraps(random_f)
   def rngs_random_method(self: Rngs | RngStream, *args, **kwargs) -> jax.Array:
     return random_f(self(), *args, **kwargs)
 
diff --git a/flax/nnx/summary.py b/flax/nnx/summary.py
index 2789732d3..b9a84dd64 100644
--- a/flax/nnx/summary.py
+++ b/flax/nnx/summary.py
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 import io
 import typing as tp
 from types import MappingProxyType
+import functools
+import itertools
 
 import jax
 import numpy as np
@@ -34,6 +36,7 @@
 
 from functools import wraps
 
+
 try:
   from IPython import get_ipython
 
@@ -130,14 +133,14 @@ def __str__(self):
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
 class CallInfo:
+  call_order: int
   object_id: int
   type: type
   path: statelib.PathParts
-  input_args: tuple[tp.Any, ...]
-  input_kwargs: dict[str, tp.Any]
+  inputs_repr: str
   outputs: tp.Any
-  flops: int | None = None
-  vjp_flops: int | None = None
+  flops: int | None
+  vjp_flops: int | None
 
 class SimpleObjectRepr:
   def __init__(self, obj: tp.Any):
@@ -168,32 +171,6 @@ def inner(state, *args, **kwargs):
     return f(model, *args, **kwargs)
   return jax.vjp(inner, state, *args, **kwargs)
 
-def _get_call_info(jitted, method_name, node_stats, obj, compute_flops: bool, *args, **kwargs):
-  e = jitted.lower(obj, *args, **kwargs)
-  flops = _get_flops(e) if compute_flops else None
-  outputs = e.lowered.out_info[2]
-  output_repr = jax.tree.map(_to_dummy_array, outputs)
-  input_args_info, input_kwargs_info = jax.tree.map(
-    _to_dummy_array, (args, kwargs)
-  )
-  object_id: int = getattr(obj, '_nnx_tabulate_id')
-  node_info = node_stats[object_id]
-  assert node_info is not None
-  path = node_info.path
-  if method_name != '__call__':
-    path = (*path, method_name)
-
-  return CallInfo(
-    object_id=object_id,
-    type=type(obj),
-    path=path,
-    input_args=input_args_info,
-    input_kwargs=input_kwargs_info,
-    outputs=output_repr,
-    flops=flops,
-  )
-
-
 def filter_rng_streams(row: CallInfo):
   return not issubclass(row.type, nnx.RngStream)
 
@@ -206,13 +183,64 @@ def _create_obj_env(object_types):
         result[(obj_type, name)] = top_method
   return result
 
-def _argsave(tracer_args, f):
+def _get_inputs_repr(args, kwargs):
+  input_args, input_kwargs = jax.tree.map(
+    _to_dummy_array, (args, kwargs)
+  )
+  inputs_repr = ''
+  if input_args:
+    if len(input_args) == 1 and not input_kwargs:
+      inputs_repr += _as_yaml_str(input_args[0])
+    else:
+      inputs_repr += _as_yaml_str(input_args)
+    if input_kwargs:
+      inputs_repr += '\n'
+  if input_kwargs:
+    inputs_repr += _as_yaml_str(input_kwargs)
+  return inputs_repr
+
+def _save_call_info(counter, tracer_args, f, node_stats, compute_flops, compute_vjp_flops, seen):
   "Wrap a function to save its arguments"
-  n = f.__name__
+
+  # Used when computing vjp flops
+  def do_vjp(*args, **kwargs):
+    primals, f_vjp = jax.vjp(f, *args, **kwargs)
+    return f_vjp(primals)
+
+  method_name = f.__name__
+
+  @functools.partial(jax.jit)
+  def jit_f(graphdef, state):
+    args, kwargs = nnx.merge(graphdef, state)
+    return f(*args, **kwargs)
+
   @wraps(f)
   def wrapper(obj, *args, **kwargs):
-      tracer_args.append((obj, n, args, kwargs))
-      return f(obj, *args, **kwargs)
+    inputs_repr = _get_inputs_repr(args, kwargs)
+    object_id = getattr(obj, '_nnx_tabulate_id')
+    node_info = node_stats[object_id]
+    path = node_info.path
+    if method_name != '__call__':
+      path = (*path, method_name)
+    identifier = (inputs_repr, object_id)
+    counter_val = next(counter)
+    graphdef, state = nnx.split(((obj, *args), kwargs))
+    if compute_flops:
+      lowered = jit_f.lower(graphdef, state)
+      flops = _get_flops(lowered)
+      outputs = lowered.out_info
+    else:
+      flops = None
+      outputs = jit_f(graphdef, state)
+    if identifier not in seen:
+      seen.add(identifier)
+      output_repr = jax.tree.map(_to_dummy_array, outputs)
+      vjp_flops = _get_flops(jax.jit(do_vjp).lower(
+        obj, *args, **kwargs)) if compute_vjp_flops else None
+      tracer_args.append(
+        CallInfo(counter_val, object_id, type(obj), path, inputs_repr,
+          output_repr, flops, vjp_flops))
+    return jit_f(graphdef, state)
   return wrapper
 
 def _overwrite_methods(env):
@@ -367,39 +395,22 @@ def tabulate(
   # iteration over methods easier.
   env = _create_obj_env(object_types)
 
-  # Modify all the object's methods to save their Tracer arguments.
-  # tracer_args contains (object, name, args, kwargs) tuples.
-  tracer_args: list[tuple[tp.Any, str, tuple, dict[str, tp.Any]]] = []
-  saver_env = {k: _argsave(tracer_args, v) for k,v in env.items()}
-  _overwrite_methods(saver_env)
-
-  # Add JIT calculation to each method. We can extract flops and output info from
-  # the lowered JITs. We'll only call these jitted values, which guarantees
-  # that each method will only be traced (and added to the table) once.
-  jits = {} # Maps (class, method_name) to jit
-  for key, value in saver_env.items():
-    jits[key] = nnx.jit(value)
+  # Information is recorded in post-order, but should be presented as a pre-order traversal.
+  # This keeps track of the order of calls.
+  counter = itertools.count(0)
+
+  # Modify all the object's methods to save their lowered JIT representations.
+  rows : list[CallInfo] = []
+  seen : set = set()
+  jits = {k: _save_call_info(counter, rows, v, node_stats, compute_flops, compute_vjp_flops, seen)
+    for k, v in env.items()}
   _overwrite_methods(jits)
 
   # Trace the top function (which indirectly traces all the others)
-  jits[(type(obj), method)].trace(obj, *input_args, **input_kwargs)
+  jits[(type(obj), method)](obj, *input_args, **input_kwargs)
 
-  # Get call_info
-  rows : list[CallInfo] = [_get_call_info(
-    jits[(type(object), name)], name, node_stats, object,
-    compute_flops, *args, **kwargs)
-    for (object, name, args, kwargs) in tracer_args]
-
-  # Add VJP flops if required. This needs to be done separately because calls to `_pure_nnx_vjp`
-  # can result in tracing the jitted functions a second time if there's shared structure.
-  # This would add items to `tracer_args`, resulting in duplicate rows in the table.
-  if compute_vjp_flops:
-    for i, row in enumerate(rows):
-      object, method_name, args, kwargs = tracer_args[i]
-      def do_vjp(*args, **kwargs):
-        primals, f_vjp = _pure_nnx_vjp(jits[(type(object), method_name)], *args, **kwargs)
-        return f_vjp(primals)
-      row.vjp_flops = _get_flops(jax.jit(do_vjp).lower(object, *args, **kwargs))
+  # Sort call info in pre-order traversal order
+  rows.sort(key=lambda x: x.call_order)
 
   # Restore the object's original methods
   _overwrite_methods(env)
@@ -436,17 +447,7 @@ def do_vjp(*args, **kwargs):
     path_str = '/'.join(map(str, row.path))
     col_reprs.append(path_str)
     col_reprs.append(row.type.__name__)
-    inputs_repr = ''
-    if row.input_args:
-      input_args = row.input_args
-      if len(row.input_args) == 1 and not row.input_kwargs:
-        input_args = row.input_args[0]
-      inputs_repr += _as_yaml_str(input_args)
-      if inputs_repr and row.input_kwargs:
-        inputs_repr += '\n'
-    if row.input_kwargs:
-      inputs_repr += _as_yaml_str(row.input_kwargs)
-    col_reprs.append(inputs_repr)
+    col_reprs.append(row.inputs_repr)
     col_reprs.append(_as_yaml_str(row.outputs))
     if compute_flops:
       col_reprs.append(str(row.flops))
diff --git a/tests/nnx/summary_test.py b/tests/nnx/summary_test.py
index c8b3b7e49..cb6d918a6 100644
--- a/tests/nnx/summary_test.py
+++ b/tests/nnx/summary_test.py
@@ -41,9 +41,10 @@ def __call__(self, x):
 
     foo = Foo(nnx.Rngs(0))
     x = jnp.ones((1, 32))
-    table_repr = nnx.tabulate(
+    table_repr_ = nnx.tabulate(
       foo, x, console_kwargs=CONSOLE_TEST_KWARGS
-    ).splitlines()
+    )
+    table_repr = table_repr_.splitlines()
 
     self.assertIn('Foo Summary', table_repr[0])
     self.assertIn('path', table_repr[2])
@@ -224,6 +225,32 @@ def __call__(self, x):
     # We should see 3 calls per block, plus one overall call
     self.assertEqual(sum([s.startswith("├─") for s in table.splitlines()]), 7)
 
+  def test_time_complexity(self):
+    counter = []
+
+    class Block(nnx.Module):
+      def __init__(self, rngs):
+        self.linear = nnx.Linear(2, 2, rngs=rngs)
+
+      def __call__(self, x):
+        counter.append(1)
+        return self.linear(x)
+
+    class Model(nnx.Module):
+      def __init__(self, rngs):
+        for d in range(10):
+          setattr(self, f"linear{d}", Block(rngs))
+
+      def __call__(self, x):
+        for d in range(10):
+          x = getattr(self, f"linear{d}")(x)
+        return x
+
+    m = Model(nnx.Rngs(0))
+    x = jnp.ones((4, 2))
+    nnx.tabulate(m, x, compute_flops=True, compute_vjp_flops=False)
+    self.assertEqual(len(counter), 10)
+
   def test_shared(self):
     class Block(nnx.Module):
       def __init__(self, linear: nnx.Linear, *, rngs):
@@ -295,5 +322,17 @@ def __call__(self, x):
     self.assertEqual(module.hooked_param.get_metadata('description'), 'Custom parameter')
     self.assertEqual(module.hooked_param.get_metadata('trainable'), True)
 
+  def test_tabulate_concrete_shape(self):
+    class Net(nnx.Module):
+        def __init__(self):
+            self.rngs = nnx.Rngs(0)
+
+        def __call__(self, x):
+            return self.rngs.uniform((x.shape[0], 10))
+
+    net = Net()
+    x = jnp.zeros((4, 8))
+    nnx.tabulate(net, x, console_kwargs={"width": 200})
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
   absltest.main()