Looks like there is a problem in how latest Chrome handles the following authenticatorSelection criteria during navigator.credentials.create call:
authenticatorSelection: {residentKey: 'preferred', userVerification: 'preferred'}

Chrome first allows to register the key which is correct

but then after successful registration it goes into a loop and presents another dialog asking to verify your identity with try-webauthn.appspot.com
.
If you remove (residentKey: 'preferred') from authenticatorSelection - use just {userVerification: 'preferred'}, then it works fine. Tested with Yubico 5 PIN protected series key
It worked also fine with previous version of Chrome (not the current released in July 2022 - 103.0.5060.134 (Official Build) (64-bit)).