sylpars

#!/usr/local/bin/perl

####################sylpars##################

#This is a fragment of a constraint-based syllable
#parser written by Mike Hammond in Perl. This code
#is described in "Syllable parsing in English and
#French". If you know nothing of Perl, this code can
#be run in most UNIX systems by making this file
#executable ('chmod u+x sylpars') and then invoking
#it directly. The program can take any alphabetic string
#as input (though it doesn't understand anything beyond
#the difference between consonants and vowels). Stress
#is indicated with an apostrophe preceding the
#relevant vowel. The program will run with either
#French or English ranking on any input. For example,
#to run 'hat' with English ranking, type:

#sylpars "e" "h'at"

#Output can be saved by redirection to a file,
#e.g.

#sylparse "e" "h'at" > myfile

#The program can be invoked without specifying the
#langauge or input on the command line, but then output
#cannot be saved as easily.

#Mike Hammond
#Linguistics
#University of Arizona
#Tucson, AZ 85721

#hammond@aruba.ccit.arizona.edu

#################################beginning of program

#debug flag (for annoyingly verbose output)

#$mhdebug = 1;

################################beginning of main

#sets the language

&language;

#this gets the word

&getword;

#make the cv template....

&addcv;

#submits the word to the constraints

&submitword;

print "#" x 20;
print "\n\nword: $theword";
print "language: $language\n";
print "All done!\n\n";


#####################################end of main

#sets the flag controlling the constraint ranking

sub language {
   if ($ARGV[0] =~ /^$/) {
     print "\nEnglish (e: default) or French (f)?:";
     $language = <STDIN>;
   }
   else {
     $language = $ARGV[0];
   }
   if ($language =~ /^$/) { $language = "e"; }
   if ($language =~ /^[eE]$/) { $language = 'English'; }
   elsif ($language =~ /^[fF]$/) { $language = 'French'; }
   else { die "You can only enter \"e\" or \"f\".\n"; }
}

#this gets the word to be parsed

sub getword {
  if ($ARGV[1] ne "") {
     $theword = $ARGV[1] . "\n";
  }
  else {
    print "\nEnter word: ";
    $theword = <STDIN>;
  }

  #this splits the characters up and puts them in an array

  $size = length($theword) - 1;
  if (defined($mhdebug)) {
     print "number of characters: $size\n";
     }
  for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
     $mhinput[$i] = substr($theword, $i, 1);
     }

  #this checks that letters are letters

  for ($i = 0; $i <= $#mhinput; $i++) {
     $mhinput[$i] =~ /[a-zA-Z\']/ || die "Illegal characters!\n";
     }

  #this copies the stress mark into the same
  #array as the following vowel

  for ($i = 0; $i <= $#mhinput; $i++) {
     if ($mhinput[$i-1] =~ /\'/) {
        $mhinput[$i] =~ s/([aeiouyAEIOUY])/\'$1/;
        }
  }

  #this removes stressmarks alone

  foreach $letter (@mhinput) {
      if ($letter !~ /\'$/) {
         push(@tempinput, $letter);
      }
  }
  @mhinput = @tempinput;
}

#creates the cv array

sub addcv {
     foreach $let (@mhinput) {
       if ($let =~ /[aeiouyAEIOUY]/) {
           push (@mhcv, 'V');
       }
       else {
           push (@mhcv, 'C');
       }
     }
  if (defined($mhdebug)) {
     print "CV skeleton:";
     print join (" ", @mhcv);
     print "\n\n";
     }
}

#simulates the left to right identification of
#segments and the gradual identification of
#individual segments

sub submitword {
    $pass = 1;
    for ($i = 0; $i <= $#mhinput; $i++) {

       #adds unidentified CVs to the input string

       push(@submission, ($mhcv[$i]));
       push(@structure, '-');
       if (defined($mhdebug)) {
         print "submitting...\n";
       }

       print "parse #$pass\n";
       $writething = join(" ", @submission);
       $writestruc = join(" ", @structure);
       print "$writestruc\n";
       print "$writething\n\n";

       #generates candidate syllabifications

       &mhgen;

       #eliminates candidates via eval

       &doconstraints;

       #replaces CVs with real consonants and vowels

       splice(@submission, $#submission, 1, $mhinput[$i]);

       if (defined($mhdebug)) {
         print "submitting...\n";
       }

       print "parse #$pass\n";
       $writething = join(" ", @submission);
       $writestruc = join(" ", @structure);
       print "$writestruc\n";
       print "$writething\n\n";

       #eliminates more candidates with eval

       &doconstraints;
    }
}

#this figures out the optimal syllabification
#parse >> noonset >> onset in English
#parse >> onset >> noonset in French

sub doconstraints {
     print "pass #$pass\n";
     $pass++;
     print "input candidate(s):\n";
     $writething = join(" ", @submission);
     $writestruc = join(" ", @structure);
     print "$writestruc\n";
     print "$writething\n\n";

  #the basic constraint set is in dobasictypes and the
  #different rankings in the two languages in ordering of
  #the different specific constraints following

  print "output candidate(s):\n";
  &dobasictypes;
  if ($language eq "English") {
     &doparse;
     &donoonset;
     if ($skipflag != 1) {
       &doonset;
     }
  }
  else {
     &doparse;
     &doonset;
     &donoonset;
  }

  $skipflag = 0;

  if (defined($mhdebug)) {
      print "outputting...\n";
  }
  $writething = join(" ", @submission);
  $writestruc = join(" ", @structure);
  print "$writestruc\n";
  print "$writething\n\n";
}

#the following creates the candidate syllabifications for
#different segments. Coding for syllabic position:
# o: onset, n: nucleus, c: coda,
# -: unanalyzed, u: unsyllabified

sub mhgen {
  if (defined($mhdebug)) {
      print "generating candidate set...\n";
  }
  splice(@structure, $#structure, 1, 'oncu');
}

#the following handles a bunch of generalizations
#not treated by the explicit constraints and entailed
#by the local coding above.

sub dobasictypes {
  if (defined($mhdebug)) {
       print "checking basic stuff...\n";
  }

   #vowels can't be onsets or codas

   if ($submission[$#submission] =~ /V/) {
      $structure[$#structure] =~ s/[oc]//g;
   }

   #consonants can't be nuclei

   if ($submission[$#submission] =~ /C/) {
      $structure[$#structure] =~ s/n//;
   }

   #word-initial consonants can't be codas

   if ($#structure == 0) {
       $structure[0] =~ s/(.)c/$1/;
   }

   #word-final consonants can't be onsets

   if ($#structure == $#mhinput) {
       $structure[$#mhinput] =~ s/o(.)/$1/;
   }

   #preconsonantal consonants can't be onsets

   if ($submission[$#submission] =~ /C/ && $#submission > 0) {
       $structure[$#structure-1] =~ s/o(.)/$1/;
   }

   #postonset consonants can't be codas

   if ($structure[$#structure-1] =~ /o/) {
       $structure[$#structure] =~ s/(.)c/$1/;
   }

}

#PARSE eliminates 'u' as a candidate if other parses
#are available

sub doparse {
  if (defined($mhdebug)) {
     print "checking PARSE...\n";
  }
  $structure[$#structure] =~ s/(.)u/$1/;
}

#NOONSET eliminates 'o' as an option for the preceding
#segment if the current segment is a stressless vowel

sub donoonset {
  if (defined($mhdebug)) {
    print "checking NOONSET...\n";
  }
  if ($submission[$#submission] =~ /^[aeiouyAEIOUY]$/) {
     if ($#submission > 0) {
        $structure[$#structure-1] =~ s/o(.)/$1/;
     }
  }
  if ($submission[$#submission] =~ /V/) {
    $skipflag = 1;
  }
}

#ONSET eliminates 'c' as an option if the current segment
#is a vowel

sub doonset {
  if (defined($mhdebug)) {
    print "checking ONSET...\n";
  }
  if ($submission[$#submission] =~ /V/ || $submission[$#submission] =~ /[aeiouyAEIOUY]/) {
      if ($#submission > 0) {
        $structure[$#structure-1] =~ s/(.)c/$1/;
      }
  }
}