Improvements of and documentation of the Gradle build

[jjohannes]

This issue is a follow-up for the work done here: #1732
Each task should be converted to an issue and addressed separately. Tasks are aligned in a priority order.

### Tasks
- [ ] https://github.com/hashgraph/hedera-sdk-java/issues/1885
- [ ] https://github.com/hashgraph/hedera-sdk-java/issues/1898
- [ ] https://github.com/hashgraph/hedera-sdk-java/issues/1894
- [x] Introduce Guava fix, which should be in plugin in the future
- [x] Get rid of `mergeJar("com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305")`
- [x] Adjust the code style rules and tools to what its done in _hedera-services_ (e.g. remove sonar, introduce spotless, decide if we want to keep error prone etc.)
- [x] Revisit gradle setup in `tck` project
- [ ] https://github.com/hashgraph/hedera-sdk-java/issues/1896
- [x] Add more docs for the Gradle build (`.kts` files, code comments)
- [x] Resolve duplication in constraints publishing (right now there is some duplication)
- [x] Add PR Check for the Android Example (that it builds)
- [x] Add more docs for the Gradle build (`.md` files, in particular for adding/modifying dependencies)
- [x] Review what SDK dependencies should be transitive: https://github.com/hashgraph/hedera-sdk-java/pull/1732#discussion_r1603375896 --> moved to https://github.com/hashgraph/hedera-sdk-java/issues/2180
- [ ] Revisit `Taskfile.yml` (maybe make it as gradle tasks)

[jjohannes]

Related:

• Check which boxed can be ticked after build: use common Hiero Gradle config #2033 is integrated
• Check what may already be documented through Document Gradle configuration hiero-gradle-conventions#6