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<h1 id="配置语法">配置语法</h1>
<p>这里讲的仍然是HCL的语法，但我们只讲一些关键语法。如果读者有兴趣了解完整信息可以访问<a href="https://github.com/hashicorp/hcl/blob/hcl2/hclsyntax/spec.md" target="_blank">HCL语法规约</a></p>
<h2 id="参数">参数</h2>
<p>参数赋值就是将一个值赋给一个特定的名称：</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-hcl"><span class="token property">image_id</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"abc123"</span>
</code></pre>
<p>等号前的标识符就是参数名，等号后的表达式就是参数值。参数赋值时Terraform会检查类型是否匹配。参数名是确定的，参数值可以是确定的字面量硬编码，也可以是一组表达式，用以通过其他的值加以计算得出结果值。</p>
<h2 id="块">块</h2>
<p>一个块是包含一组其他内容的容器，例如：</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-hcl"><span class="token keyword">resource <span class="token type variable">"aws_instance"</span></span> <span class="token string">"example"</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">ami</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"abc123"</span>
<span class="token keyword">network_interface</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment"># ...</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>一个块有一个类型(上面的例子里类型就是resource)。每个块类型都定义了类型关键字后面要跟多少标签，例如resource块规定了后面要跟两个标签——在例子里就是aws_instance和example。一个块类型可以规定任意多个标签，也可以没有标签，比如内嵌的network_interface块。</p>
<p>在块类型及其后续标签之后，就是块体。块体必须被包含在一对花括号中间。在块体中可以进一步定义各种参数和其他的块。</p>
<p>Terraform规范定义了有限多个顶级块类型，也就是可以游离于任何其他块独立定义在配置文件中的块。大部分的Terraform功能(例如resource, variable, output, data等)都是顶级块。</p>
<h2 id="标识符">标识符</h2>
<p>参数名、块类型名以及其他Terraform规范中定义的结构的名称，例如resource、variable等，都是标识符。</p>
<p>合法的标识符可以包含字母、数字、下划线(_)以及减号(-)。标识符首字母不可以为数字。</p>
<p>要了解完整的标识符规范，请访问<a href="http://unicode.org/reports/tr31/" target="_blank">Unicode标识符语法</a>。</p>
<h2 id="注释">注释</h2>
<p>Terraform支持三种注释：</p>
<ul>
<li># 单行注释，其后的内容为注释</li>
<li>// 单行注释，其后的内容为注释</li>
<li>/* 和 */，多行注释，可以注释多行</li>
</ul>
<p>默认情况下单行注释优先使用#。自动化格式整理工具会自动把//替换成#。</p>
<h2 id="编码以及换行">编码以及换行</h2>
<p>Terraform配置文件必须始终使用UTF-8编码。分隔符必须使用ASCII符号，其他标识符、注释以及字符串字面量均可使用非ASCII字符。</p>
<p>Terraform兼容Unix风格的换行符以及Windows风格的换行符，但是理想状态下应使用Unix风格换行符。</p>
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