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<h1 id="输入变量">输入变量</h1>
<p>在前面的例子中，我们在代码中都是使用字面量硬编码的，如果我们想要在创建、修改基础设施时动态传入一些值呢？比如说在代码中定义Provider时用变量替代硬编码的访问密钥，或是由创建基础设施的用户来决定创建什么样尺寸的主机？我们需要的是输入变量。</p>
<p>如果我们把一组Terraform代码想像成一个函数，那么输入变量就是函数的入参。输入变量用variable块进行定义：</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-hcl"><span class="token keyword">variable<span class="token type variable"> "image_id" </span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">type</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> string
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">variable<span class="token type variable"> "availability_zone_names" </span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">type</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> list(string)
<span class="token property">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"us-west-1a"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">variable<span class="token type variable"> "docker_ports" </span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">type</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> list(object(<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">internal</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> number
<span class="token property">external</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> number
<span class="token property">protocol</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> string
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>))
<span class="token property">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">internal</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token number">8300</span>
<span class="token property">external</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token number">8300</span>
<span class="token property">protocol</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"tcp"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>这些都是合法的输入参数定义。紧跟variable关键字的就是变量名。在一个Terraform模块(同一个文件夹中的所有Terraform代码文件，不包含子文件夹)中变量名必须是唯一的。我们在代码中可以通过"var.\<name\>"的方式引用变量的值。有一组关键字<strong>不可以</strong>被用作输入变量的名字：</name\></p>
<ul>
<li>source</li>
<li>version</li>
<li>providers</li>
<li>count</li>
<li>for_each</li>
<li>lifecycle</li>
<li>depends_on</li>
<li>locals</li>
</ul>
<p>输入变量只能在声明该变量的目录下的代码中使用。</p>
<p>输入变量块中可以定义一些属性。</p>
<h2 id="类型">类型</h2>
<p>可以在输入变量块中通过type定义类型，例如：</p>