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<h1 id="重载文件">重载文件</h1>
<p>一般来说Terraform会加载模块内所有的.tf和.tf.json文件，并要求文件内定义了一组无重复的对象。如果两个文件尝试定义同一个对象，那么Terraform会报错。</p>
<p>在某些少见场景中，能够用单独的文件重载已有对象配置的特定部分将会十分有用。比如说，由工程师编写的配置文件能够在运行时被程序生成的JSON文件部分重载。</p>
<p>为支持这些少见场景，Terrform会对后缀名为_override.tf和_override.tf.json的代码文件进行特殊处理。对于名为override.tf和override.tf.json的代码文件也会进行相同的特殊处理。</p>
<p>Terraform一开始加载代码文件时会跳过这些重载文件，然后才会按照字典序一个一个处理重载文件。对重载文件中定义的所有顶级块(resource、data等)，Terraform会尝试找到对应的已有对象并且将重载内容合并进已有对象。</p>
<p>重载文件只应使用于特殊场景，过度使用会使得读者在阅读原始代码文件时被迫还要阅读所有的重载文件才能理解对象配置，从而降低了代码的可读性。使用重载文件时，请在原始文件被重载的部分添加相应注释，提醒未来的读者哪些部分会被重载文件修改。</p>
<h2 id="例子">例子</h2>
<p>如果我们有一个名为example.tf的代码文件：</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-hcl"><span class="token keyword">resource <span class="token type variable">"aws_instance"</span></span> <span class="token string">"web"</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">instance_type</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"t2.micro"</span>
<span class="token property">ami</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"ami-408c7f28"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>然后我们创建一个名为override.tf的文件：</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-hcl"><span class="token keyword">resource <span class="token type variable">"aws_instance"</span></span> <span class="token string">"web"</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">ami</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"foo"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>Terraform随后会合并两者，实际的配置会是这样的：</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-hcl"><span class="token keyword">resource <span class="token type variable">"aws_instance"</span></span> <span class="token string">"web"</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">instance_type</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"t2.micro"</span>
<span class="token property">ami</span> <span class="token punctuation">=</span> <span class="token string">"foo"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<h2 id="合并行为">合并行为</h2>
<p>不同的块类型有着些微不同的合并行为，某些特定块内的特殊构造会以特殊形式被合并。</p>
<p>一般来说：</p>
<ul>
<li>重载文件内的顶级块会和普通文件内同类型同名的顶级块合并</li>
<li>重载文件内的顶级块配置册参数会覆盖普通文件内对应块内的同名参数</li>
<li>重载块内的内嵌块会<strong>取代</strong>普通文件内对应块内的<strong>所有</strong>同类型内嵌块。所有重载块内没有定义的内嵌块在普通文件内保持不变</li>
<li>内嵌块的内容<strong>不会</strong>进行合并</li>
<li>合并后的块仍然需要符合对应块类型的所有验证规则</li>
</ul>
<p>如果有多个重载文件定义了同一个顶级块，那么重载效果是叠加的，后加载的重载块会在先前加载的重载块生效的基础上合并。重载操作首先按照文件名的字典序其次是在重载文件中的位置决定执行顺序。</p>
<p>有一些针对特定顶级块类型的特殊合并行为规则，我们将重载文件中定义的块称为重载块，重载块在普通文件中对应的块称为源块：</p>
<h3 id="合并resource块以及合并data块">合并resource块以及合并data块</h3>
<p>在resource块内，所有lifecycle块的内容会按照参数逐条合并。比如说，一个重载块只定义了create_before_destroy参数而源块定义了ignore_changes，那么create_before_destroy被合并的同时igonore_changes将会被保留。</p>
<p>如果重载的resource块包含了一个或多个provisioner，那么源块内所有的provisioner会被忽略。</p>
<p>如果重载的resource块内包含了一个connection块，那么它将会完全覆盖所有源块内定义的connection块</p>
<p>不允许在重载块内定义depends_on参数，那将会引发一个错误。</p>
<h3 id="合并variable块">合并variable块</h3>