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Tomcat Narayana testing

The objective is to run basic integration with multiple versions of Tomcat across several databases. The test suite offers four modes of operation:

1. H2, embedded database

This is the default. If there are no parameters specified, the test suite runs with embedded H2 database and its driver fetched from Maven central.

2. DBAllocator

When specified, the test suite could take advantage of DBAllocator service and allocate an arbitrary database system. It was tested to work well with Postgres family of database systems. The DBAllocator service is not public and thus it is not used in the upstream testing.

3. Container - Postgres

The third and the most versatile mode is to control a Docker daemon and to pull database images and to start containers. The test suite expects a Docker daemon listening to its REST commands and nothing else. No special or pre-fetched images or local dependencies are expected. Postgres family of databases is currently implemented.

4. External Database

With this option, the test suite relies on an external database to be running and details on how to connect to it must be provided.

Examples

All undermentioned examples expect a Tomcat installation pointed to by CATALINA_HOME env var. Certain users (mandatory) and logging (convenient) settings are also listed:

wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.7/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.7.zip
unzip apache-tomcat-9.0.7.zip
export CATALINA_HOME=`pwd`/apache-tomcat-9.0.7/

cat <<EOT >> ${CATALINA_HOME}/conf/logging.properties
org.apache.tomcat.tomcat-jdbc.level = ALL
org.h2.level = ALL
org.postgresql.level = ALL
javax.sql.level = ALL
org.apache.tomcat.tomcat-dbcp.level = ALL
com.arjuna.level = ALL
EOT

sed -i 's/<\/tomcat-users>/<user username="arquillian" password="arquillian" roles="manager-script"\/>\n<\/tomcat-users>/' ${CATALINA_HOME}/conf/tomcat-users.xml

That is all. Nothing else is to be done for the Tomcat installation. One does not start Tomcat, the TS does it automatically.

pushd narayana/tomcat

1. H2, embedded database

Run the TS:

mvn integration-test -Parq-tomcat -Dtomcat.user=arquillian -Dtomcat.pass=arquillian -Dtest.db.type=h2

See logs, including Tomcat ones:

vim tomcat-jta/target/failsafe-reports/org.jboss.narayana.tomcat.jta.integration.BaseITCase-output.txt

It is noteworthy that one can see the database trace log too, e.g.

...
406 /**/Statement stat2 = conn0.createStatement();
407 2018-02-13 16:55:05 jdbc[3]:
408 /**/stat2.execute("PREPARE COMMIT XID_131077_00000000000000000000ffff7f000001000097c35a830a590000000c0000000000000000_00000000000000000000ffff7f000001000097c35a830a590000000831");
409 2018-02-13 16:55:05 jdbc[3]:
410 /*SQL */PREPARE COMMIT XID_131077_00000000000000000000ffff7f000001000097c35a830a590000000c0000000000000000_00000000000000000000ffff7f000001000097c35a830a590000000831;
411 2018-02-13 16:55:05 jdbc[3]:
...

The overall runtime with the simple base integration

2. DBAllocator

DBAllocator is a reservation tool paired with a driver repository, one simply adjusts these parameters:

mvn integration-test -Parq-tomcat -Dtomcat.user=arquillian -Dtomcat.pass=arquillian \
    -Ddballocator.host.port=http://your.db.allocator.instance.example.com:8080 \
    -Ddballocator.driver.url=http://path.to.your.drivers.stash.example.com/postgresql94/jdbc4/postgresql-42.1.1.jar \
    -Dtest.db.type=dballocator

To see logs:

vim tomcat-jta/target/failsafe-reports/org.jboss.narayana.tomcat.jta.integration.BaseITCase-output.txt

With DBAllocated database system, the TS does not retrieve database trace log though.

3. Container - Postgres

Verify you have a Docker daemon running. One can either use secure socket and a special user group or a plain REST control. Note that such exposure enables anyone to take control of the host system with a malicious container. The default Test suite setting is insecure and can be used only on trusted hosts withing trusted network with trusted images. Note the -H option in your Docker daemon config:

cat /etc/sysconfig/docker | grep OPTIONS
OPTIONS='--selinux-enabled --log-driver=journald -H tcp://127.0.0.1:2375 -H unix:///var/run/docker.sock'

Check the daemon replies:

docker -H=tcp://127.0.0.1:2375 ps -a;
CONTAINER ID    IMAGE    COMMAND    CREATED    STATUS    PORTS    NAMES

Let's run the TS with a database from a container:

mvn integration-test -Parq-tomcat -Dtomcat.user=arquillian -Dtomcat.pass=arquillian \
    -Dtest.db.type=container \
    -Dcontainer.database.driver.artifact=org.postgresql:postgresql:42.2.1 \
    -Dcontainer.database.image=postgres:10

The aforementioned example uses postgres:10 from DockerHub Postgres, i.e. a vanilla image without any additional layers or modifications. All configuration is done at runtime, see class PostgresContainerAllocator around final CreateContainerResponse narayanaDB ... assignment. To implement e.g. a MariaDB allocator one would simply refactor PostgresContainerAllocator class into a hierarchy.

To see the results:

vim tomcat-jta/target/failsafe-reports/org.jboss.narayana.tomcat.jta.integration.BaseITCase-output.txt

It is noteworthy that the test suite retrieves trace log from the database container, see:

2018-02-13 16:12:57.982 UTC transaction_id:0 LOG:  execute <unnamed>: BEGIN
2018-02-13 16:12:57.983 UTC transaction_id:0 LOG:  execute <unnamed>: INSERT INTO test VALUES ('test-entry-16:12:57.966')
2018-02-13 16:12:57.985 UTC transaction_id:558 LOG:  execute <unnamed>: PREPARE TRANSACTION '131077_AAAAAAAAAAAAAP//fwAAAQAArnVagw6JAAAACDE=_AAAAAAAAAAAAAP//fwAAAQAArnVagw6JAAAADAAAAAAAAAAA'
2018-02-13 16:13:01.396 UTC transaction_id:0 LOG:  execute <unnamed>: SET extra_float_digits = 3
2018-02-13 16:13:01.396 UTC transaction_id:0 LOG:  execute <unnamed>: SET application_name = 'PostgreSQL JDBC Driver'
2018-02-13 16:13:01.398 UTC transaction_id:0 LOG:  execute <unnamed>: COMMIT PREPARED '131077_AAAAAAAAAAAAAP//fwAAAQAArnVagw6JAAAACDE=_AAAAAAAAAAAAAP//fwAAAQAArnVagw6JAAAADAAAAAAAAAAA'
2018-02-13 16:13:01.417 UTC transaction_id:0 LOG:  execute <unnamed>: SELECT COUNT(*) FROM test WHERE value='test-entry-16:12:57.966'

The container based testing is used upstream.

4. External Database

Run the TS:

mvn integration-test -Parq-tomcat -Dtomcat.user=arquillian -Dtomcat.pass=arquillian  -Dtest.db.type=external  \ 
    -Djdbc.driver.jar=~/h2.jar -Djdbc.url="jdbc:h2:mem:test;MVCC=true"  \
    -Djdbc.username=sa -Djdbc.password=sa -Ddatasource.classname=org.h2.jdbcx.JdbcDataSource  \
    -Djdbc.driver.class=org.h2.Driver -Djdbc.db.name=test

For some database systems, different options might be required. Please see the corresponding maven profile for a complete set of supported options.

Jenkins job

See Jenkins job: https://ci.modcluster.io/job/narayana-tomcat/. There are three axis:

  • Tomcat version, 9.0.7
  • Database, h2, postgres:9.4 and postgres:10
  • JDK, openjdk-8 and oraclejdk-9

Narayana neither builds nor runs tests with JDK 9 at the moment, see:

Debugging

The best thing about using database in the Container is you can easily start it manually, take the war file and investigate.

The test application the test suite generated is stored for you in narayana/tomcat/tomcat-deployment/_DEFAULT__Basic-app_test.war, so one can simply setup a debug environment and use Byteman and Debugger -Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=y,address=1661 -Xnoagent to step the Tomcat run.

Download and configure Tomcat

wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.7/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.7.zip
unzip apache-tomcat-9.0.7.zip
export CATALINA_HOME=`pwd`/apache-tomcat-9.0.7/

cat <<EOT >> ${CATALINA_HOME}/conf/logging.properties
org.apache.tomcat.tomcat-jdbc.level = ALL
org.h2.level = ALL
org.postgresql.level = ALL
javax.sql.level = ALL
org.apache.tomcat.tomcat-dbcp.level = ALL
com.arjuna.level = ALL
EOT

sed -i 's/<\/tomcat-users>/<user username="arquillian" password="arquillian" roles="manager-script"\/>\n<\/tomcat-users>/' ${CATALINA_HOME}/conf/tomcat-users.xml

Transactions API Jar and JWS-976

The current implementation expects jboss-transaction-api_1.2_spec-1.0.0.Final.jar to be present in your ${CATALINA_HOME}/lib directory. The test suite adds the file on its own and it removes it after the test. So for this session, one might need to:

wget http://central.maven.org/maven2/org/jboss/spec/javax/transaction/jboss-transaction-api_1.2_spec/1.1.0.Final/jboss-transaction-api_1.2_spec-1.1.0.Final.jar -O ${CATALINA_HOME}/lib/jboss-transaction-api_1.2_spec-1.1.0.Final.jar

or

cp ~/.m2/repository/org/jboss/spec/javax/transaction/jboss-transaction-api_1.2_spec/1.0.0.Final/jboss-transaction-api_1.2_spec-1.0.0.Final.jar ${CATALINA_HOME}/lib/jboss-transaction-api_1.2_spec-1.1.0.Final.jar

Byteman

To inject all kinds of failures and to examine and to modify the Java bytecode at runtime, we use Byteman as our weapon of choice.

wget http://downloads.jboss.org/byteman/3.0.11/byteman-download-3.0.11-bin.zip
unzip byteman-download-3.0.11-bin.zip
export BYTEMAN_HOME=`pwd`/byteman-download-3.0.11/
export BTM_SCRIPT=narayana/tomcat/tomcat-jta/src/test/resources/scripts.btm

PostgreSQL container

This setup mimics what the test suite does for you automatically:

docker -H=tcp://127.0.0.1:2375 run \
    -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=narayana_pass \
    -e POSTGRES_USER=narayana_user \
    -e POSTGRES_DB=narayana_db \
    -p 127.0.0.1:5432:5432/tcp \
    -d \
    -i \
    --name narayana_db \
    postgres:10 \
    postgres \
    -c deadlock_timeout=1s \
    -c default_transaction_deferrable=off \
    -c default_transaction_isolation="read committed" \
    -c default_transaction_read_only=off \
    -c log_directory=/tmp \
    -c log_filename=db.log \
    -c log_line_prefix="%m transaction_id: %x " \
    -c log_statement=all \
    -c logging_collector=on \
    -c max_connections=20 \
    -c max_locks_per_transaction=64 \
    -c max_pred_locks_per_transaction=64 \
    -c max_prepared_transactions=50

Test application

Deploy the war file...

cp narayana/tomcat/tomcat-deployment/_DEFAULT__Basic-app_test.war ${CATALINA_HOME}/webapps/

Running Tomcat

java \ 
-javaagent:$BYTEMAN_HOME/lib/byteman.jar=script:$BTM_SCRIPT \ 
-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom \ 
-Djava.util.logging.config.file=$CATALINA_HOME/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources \ 
-Dignore.endorsed.dirs= \ 
-classpath $CATALINA_HOME/bin/bootstrap.jar:$CATALINA_HOME/bin/tomcat-juli.jar \ 
-Dcatalina.base=$CATALINA_HOME \ 
-Dcatalina.home=$CATALINA_HOME \ 
-Djava.io.tmpdir=$CATALINA_HOME/temp \ 
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start

Accessing the app

curl localhost:8080/test/executor/recovery -i

Monitoring database trace log

The test suite does this for you automatically and it also stores the trace log for posterity. If you need to debug manually as we describe in this example, you have to watch the log yourself. Note the container does not log to stdout but to a file within its ephemeral filesystem:

docker -H=tcp://127.0.0.1:2375 exec -it narayana_db bash
root@b8d46342ac0c:/# tail -f /tmp/db.log 
2018-04-17 15:18:52.585 UTC transaction_id: 0 LOG:  database system was shut down at 2018-04-17 15:18:52 UTC
2018-04-17 15:18:52.605 UTC transaction_id: 0 LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections

Example context.xml file

This is how one's context.xml could look like to establish a pooled XA transactional datasource to a PostgreSQL database. Please note the connection pool values are only testing ones, they do not represent the numbers your web application could get the best performance with.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<Context>
    <!-- Narayana resources -->
    <Transaction
        factory="org.jboss.narayana.tomcat.jta.UserTransactionFactory"
    />
    <Resource
        factory="org.jboss.narayana.tomcat.jta.TransactionManagerFactory"
        name="TransactionManager"
        type="javax.transaction.TransactionManager"
    />
    <Resource
        factory="org.jboss.narayana.tomcat.jta.TransactionSynchronizationRegistryFactory"
        name="TransactionSynchronizationRegistry"
        type="javax.transaction.TransactionSynchronizationRegistry"
    />

    <!-- Database resources -->
    <Resource
        auth="Container"
        databaseName="narayana_db"
        description="Data Source"
        factory="org.postgresql.xa.PGXADataSourceFactory"
        loginTimeout="0"
        name="myDataSource"
        password="narayana_pass"
        portNumber="5432"
        serverName="127.0.0.1"
        type="org.postgresql.xa.PGXADataSource"
        uniqueName="myDataSource"
        user="narayana_user"
        username="narayana_user"
    />

    <Resource
        auth="Container"
        description="Transactional Driver Data Source"
        factory="org.jboss.narayana.tomcat.jta.TransactionalDataSourceFactory"
        initialSize="10"
        jmxEnabled="true"
        logAbandoned="true"
        maxAge="30000"
        maxIdle="15"
        maxTotal="20"
        maxWaitMillis="10000"
        minIdle="10"
        name="transactionalDataSource"
        password="narayana_pass"
        removeAbandoned="true"
        removeAbandonedTimeout="60"
        testOnBorrow="true"
        transactionManager="TransactionManager"
        type="javax.sql.XADataSource"
        uniqueName="transactionalDataSource"
        username="narayana_user"
        validationQuery="select 1"
        xaDataSource="myDataSource"
    />
</Context>