[SLUG] Transferring changes from Slug as of 2023-04-20 20:08:21 +0100.

Author: neoeno

.gitignore

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+**/__pycache__

.replit

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+# The command that runs the program. If the interpreter field is set, it will have priority and this run command will do nothing
+run = "bash lib/intro.sh"
+
+# The primary language of the repl. There can be others, though!
+language = "python3"
+entrypoint = "main.py"
+# A list of globs that specify which files and directories should
+# be hidden in the workspace.
+hidden = ["venv", ".config", "**/__pycache__", "**/.mypy_cache", "**/*.pyc"]
+
+# Specifies which nix channel to use when building the environment.
+[nix]
+channel = "stable-22_11"
+
+[env]
+VIRTUAL_ENV = "/home/runner/${REPL_SLUG}/venv"
+PATH = "${HOME}/${REPL_SLUG}/lib:${VIRTUAL_ENV}/bin"
+PYTHONPATH = "$PYTHONHOME/lib/python3.10:${VIRTUAL_ENV}/lib/python3.10/site-packages"
+REPLIT_POETRY_PYPI_REPOSITORY = "https://package-proxy.replit.com/pypi/"
+MPLBACKEND = "TkAgg"
+POETRY_CACHE_DIR = "${HOME}/${REPL_SLUG}/.cache/pypoetry"
+
+# Enable unit tests. This is only supported for a few languages.
+[unitTest]
+language = "python3"
+
+# Add a debugger!
+[debugger]
+support = true
+
+  # How to start the debugger.
+  [debugger.interactive]
+  transport = "localhost:0"
+  startCommand = ["dap-python", "main.py"]
+
+    # How to communicate with the debugger.
+    [debugger.interactive.integratedAdapter]
+    dapTcpAddress = "localhost:0"
+
+    # How to tell the debugger to start a debugging session.
+    [debugger.interactive.initializeMessage]
+    command = "initialize"
+    type = "request"
+
+      [debugger.interactive.initializeMessage.arguments]
+      adapterID = "debugpy"
+      clientID = "replit"
+      clientName = "replit.com"
+      columnsStartAt1 = true
+      linesStartAt1 = true
+      locale = "en-us"
+      pathFormat = "path"
+      supportsInvalidatedEvent = true
+      supportsProgressReporting = true
+      supportsRunInTerminalRequest = true
+      supportsVariablePaging = true
+      supportsVariableType = true
+
+    # How to tell the debugger to start the debuggee application.
+    [debugger.interactive.launchMessage]
+    command = "attach"
+    type = "request"
+
+      [debugger.interactive.launchMessage.arguments]
+      logging = {}
+
+# Configures the packager.
+[packager]
+language = "python3"
+ignoredPackages = ["unit_tests"]
+
+  [packager.features]
+  enabledForHosting = false
+  # Enable searching packages from the sidebar.
+  packageSearch = true
+  # Enable guessing what packages are needed from the code.
+  guessImports = true
+
+# These are the files that need to be preserved when this
+# language template is used as the base language template
+# for Python repos imported from GitHub
+[gitHubImport]
+requiredFiles = [".replit", "replit.nix", ".config", "venv"]
+
+[languages]
+
+[languages.python3]
+pattern = "**/*.py"
+
+[languages.python3.languageServer]
+start = "pylsp"
+
+[deployment]
+run = ["sh", "-c", "python3 main.py"]

000_START_HERE.md

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+# The Perfect Crab Introduction to Programming
+
+Welcome!
+
+This is a series of exercises designed to help you learn the
+fundamentals of programming necessary to succeed in the
+Makers coding assessment. We'll be using Python, but the
+ideas will apply to any language.
+
+## How do I get started?
+
+Click the 'Fork' button to the right. This will open up the
+programming interface you will use to learn.
+
+If you're confident using your own local development setup
+and you have Python 3 installed, you can clone this
+repository and work through it that way. 
+
+## How do I use the replit interface?
+
+The interface is made by an organisation called replit. We
+will call it the replit IDE.
+
+You will need to engage with three parts of it:
+
+* The file panel on your left, working top to bottom.
+* The code panel (that's this one) where you'll read and
+  write code.
+* The shell panel to the right, where you'll run code.
+
+To set up and learn how to use the interface, please follow
+the [replit IDE setup video](#link-to-video). This video has
+subtitles.
+
+You may find the default replit theme hard to read. We have
+created two themes which combine good contrast and
+readability. I would recommend you use one of them:
+
+* [Makers Reader Theme (Light)](https://replit.com/theme/@neoeno/makers-reader)
+* [Makers Reader Theme (Dark)](https://replit.com/theme/@neoeno/makers-reader-dark)
+
+## How to read the material
+
+The learning materials are code. They look a bit like this:
+
+```python
+def identity(num):
+    return num
+
+# This is a function. A function is a reusable block of code.
+```
+
+The first two lines are code. This is what you will be
+learning how to create.
+
+That last line starting with a `#` is a comment. We will
+talk you through the ideas behind the code using comments.
+
+You should read through each file top to bottom.
+
+## What if I would prefer to watch than to read?
+
+There are video alternatives for each file that you can
+follow along with. You can find them as a link at the top of
+each file.
+
+## I have some feedback about the material
+
+[You can give us feedback
+here.](https://airtable.com/shrDOnkLFDkRiOHmU?prefill_Repository=IntroToProgramming)

010_comments.py

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+# Video alternative: ...
+
+# Hello! Welcome to programming. My name is Kay and I will
+# guide you through these early steps.
+#
+# To begin, I'd like to share with you a little quote from a
+# writer called Italo Calvino, himself retelling a Chinese
+# story:
+#
+# "Among Chuang-tzu's many skills, he was an expert
+# draftsman. The king asked him to draw a crab. Chuang-tzu
+# replied that he needed five years, a country house, and
+# twelve servants. Five years later the drawing was still
+# not begun. "I need another five years," said Chuang-tzu.
+# The king granted them. At the end of these ten years,
+# Chuang-tzu took up his brush and, in an instant, with a
+# single stroke, he drew a crab, the most perfect crab ever
+# seen."
+#
+# Perhaps you have come to programming because you would
+# like to be good at it. Perhaps you know people, or you
+# have heard of people, who are really exceptional
+# programmers.
+#
+# You, very likely, are not this person yet. Like
+# Chuang-tzu, it will take you many years to reach the
+# effortless skill of an expert programmer.
+#
+# But every programmer has sat where you have sat, curious
+# and willing to learn. They have spent many hours getting
+# things wrong, being stuck, being confused. You will go
+# through this too.
+#
+# Every expert sat where you are sat. What they all have in
+# common? They kept going.
+#
+# So let's get started.
+#
+# What are we learning?
+# =====================
+#
+# We're going to learn the fundamentals of the programming
+# language Python. Most programming languages are quite
+# similar, so it doesn't matter much that this is Python.
+# The key ideas are the same.
+#
+# We're going to learn enough to succeed in the Makers
+# interview process. The ideas themselves are quite simple.
+# The complexity of programming is in the combination of
+# these ideas. Here's a list of what we'll learn:
+#
+# * Functions (making your own programs)
+# * Arithmetic (basic maths)
+# * Expressions and statements (the building blocks of
+#   programs)
+# * Strings (letters and words)
+# * Conditionals (ifs)
+# * Lists (sequences of items)
+# * Loops (fors)
+# * Dicts (pairs of items)
+#
+# Each section will finish with a few exercises. We will
+# finish with some extra tricky exercises for you to test
+# your skills.
+#
+# By the way — these lines starting with the `#` key?
+# They're called comments. They don't get executed by the
+# program. You can create one yourself if you like.
+
+# Type your name as a comment on the next line.
+
+# Now open up `011_identity.py` and get started with some
+# real code!

011_identity.py

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+# Ignore this bit for now. It imports some helper code for
+# us.
+from lib.helpers import show_us_the_output_of
+
+# Video alternative: ...
+
+# Start reading here:
+
+def identity(num):
+    return num
+
+# This is a function. A function is a reusable block of
+# code.
+#
+# Think of functions as little machines. It takes an input,
+# processes it in some way, and then returns an output.
+#
+# This `identity` function has:
+#
+# * A name: `identity` that we can use to call it
+# * A parameter: `num` that it takes as input
+# * A body: `return num` that returns the input as output
+#
+# `identity` is a very simple function, it doesn't do very
+# much. It takes a piece of data as input, and returns it as
+# output.
+#
+# Let's use it:
+
+print("identity(4) is:") # <-- This just prints a message
+
+show_us_the_output_of(  # <-- This helps us see the output of...
+    identity(4) # <-- This is the important part
+)
+
+# @TASK: Run this program by opening the shell in the
+# right-hand panel and running:
+#
+# ```
+# python 011_identity.py
+# ```
+#
+# If you don't see the shell, watch this video to to get set
+# up: @TODO
+#
+# After running the command, you should see:
+#
+# ```
+# identity(4) is:
+# 4
+# ```
+#
+# This shows us that when we call the `identity` function
+# with the input parameter `4` — it gives us `4` back.
+#
+# Now move on to 012_add_one.py

012_add_one.py

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+from lib.helpers import show_us_the_output_of
+
+# Video alternative: ...
+
+# Let's create a more useful function:
+
+def add_one(num):
+    return num + 1
+
+# Here is how it used (but don't run it just yet):
+
+print("add_one(6) is:")
+show_us_the_output_of(
+    add_one(6) # <-- Calling the function
+)
+
+# @TASK: Run this code in the shell:
+#
+# ```
+# python 012_add_one.py
+# ```
+
+# `add_one` is a function (little machine) that takes an
+# input of a number, adds one to it, and then returns the
+# result.
+
+# Now move on to 013_add_two.py

013_add_two.py

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+from lib.helpers import check_that_these_are_equal
+
+# Video alternative: ...
+
+# Now you try. Here's an exercise for you:
+#
+# @TASK: Write a function called `add_two` that:
+#
+# * Takes a number as input
+# * Adds two to it
+# * Returns the result
+
+# YOUR FUNCTION GOES BELOW THIS LINE
+
+
+
+# YOUR FUNCTION GOES ABOVE THIS LINE
+
+# @TASK: To check your work, run this in the shell:
+# python 013_add_two.py
+
+# This will run the test at the bottom of this file.
+
+# If you have trouble, look back at `add_one` _very_
+# closely, symbol by symbol, to see if you can see any
+# differences to your version. Pay particular attention to
+# the `:` at the end of the first line, and the spacing at
+# the start of some of the lines.
+
+print("add_two(6) is:")
+
+check_that_these_are_equal(
+    add_two(6),
+    8
+)
+
+# When you're done, move on to 014_multiply_numbers.py

014_multiply_numbers.py

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+from lib.helpers import show_us_the_output_of
+
+# Video alternative: ...
+
+# So far we've seen functions that take only one input. They
+# can actually take two, or even more, inputs. Take a look
+# at this:
+
+# Notice two items and the comma below
+def multiply_numbers(num_a, num_b):
+    return num_a * num_b # That `*` means multiply_numbers
+
+# And let's use it:
+
+print("multiply_numbers(2, 3) is:")
+
+show_us_the_output_of(
+    multiply_numbers(2, 3)
+)
+
+print("multiply_numbers(3, 5) is:")
+
+show_us_the_output_of(
+    multiply_numbers(3, 5)
+)
+
+# @TASK: Run these in the shell using:
+# python 014_multiply_numbers.py
+
+# As a reminder, these inputs are called parameters.
+
+# Now move on to 015_add_numbers.py to write your own.