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subnetcalc.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
IP Subnet Calculator with CLI Coloring
Author: Michael Klose
"""
import argparse
import ipaddress
import os
import socket
import sys
from typing import Union, Optional
# Global printer defaults to built-in print, but may be overridden to rich.print in main()
printer = print
def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
"""Parse and return command-line arguments."""
usage_str = '%(prog)s [Address{/{Netmask|Prefix}}] {Netmask|Prefix} {-n} {-nocolour|-nocolor}'
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(usage=usage_str)
parser.add_argument("prefix", nargs='*',
help="[Address{/{Netmask|Prefix}}] {Netmask|Prefix}")
parser.add_argument("-nocolor", "-nocolour", action='store_true',
help="no colors")
parser.add_argument("-n", action='store_true',
help="no reverse lookup")
args = parser.parse_args()
if not args.prefix:
sys.exit("usage: " + os.path.basename(__file__) +
" [Address{/{Netmask|Prefix}}] {Netmask|Prefix} {-n} {-nocolour|-nocolor}")
# Join prefix arguments into a single string
if isinstance(args.prefix, list):
args.prefix = "/".join(args.prefix)
return args
def split_into_octets(bits: str) -> str:
"""Split a bit string into octets separated by ' . '."""
return " . ".join([bits[i:i+8] for i in range(0, len(bits), 8)]) if bits else ""
def print_ipv4_binary(ip: ipaddress.IPv4Address, prefix: int, color: bool) -> None:
"""
Print IPv4 address and its binary representation.
The host bits are highlighted in yellow if color is enabled.
"""
binary_ip = f"{int(ip):032b}"
# Split into network and host parts
network_bits = binary_ip[:prefix]
host_bits_str = binary_ip[prefix:]
network_display = split_into_octets(network_bits)
host_display = split_into_octets(host_bits_str)
if color and host_display:
host_display = f"[yellow]{host_display}[/yellow]"
# Append separator dot if network part ends on octet boundary and host exists
if network_display and host_display and (prefix % 8 == 0):
network_display += " . "
printer("Address =", ip)
printer(" ", network_display + host_display)
def print_ipv6_binary(ip: ipaddress.IPv6Address, prefix: int, color: bool) -> None:
"""
Print IPv6 address and its binary representation.
The host bits are highlighted in yellow if color is enabled.
"""
exploded = ip.exploded
hextets = exploded.split(":")
printer("Address =", ip)
for i, hextet in enumerate(hextets):
start_bit = i * 16
hextet_bin = f"{int(hextet, 16):016b}"
# Process the hextet in two 8-bit groups
# First octet:
first_octet = hextet_bin[:8]
first_net = max(0, min(8, prefix - start_bit))
first_normal = first_octet[:first_net]
first_host = first_octet[first_net:]
if color and first_host:
first_host = f"[yellow]{first_host}[/yellow]"
group1 = first_normal + first_host
# Second octet:
second_octet = hextet_bin[8:]
second_net = max(0, min(8, prefix - (start_bit + 8)))
second_normal = second_octet[:second_net]
second_host = second_octet[second_net:]
if color and second_host:
second_host = f"[yellow]{second_host}[/yellow]"
group2 = second_normal + second_host
printer(f" [cyan bold]{hextet} = {group1} {group2}")
def print_network_info(interface: Union[ipaddress.IPv4Interface, ipaddress.IPv6Interface],
color: bool,
max_hosts_deduct: int,
host_range: str,
broadcast: Optional[Union[str, ipaddress.IPv4Address]]) -> None:
"""Print network details such as netmask, wildcard mask, host bits, etc."""
printer("Network =", str(interface.network).replace("/", " / "))
printer("Netmask =", interface.netmask)
if interface.version == 4:
printer("Broadcast =", broadcast)
printer("Wildcard Mask =", interface.hostmask)
host_bits = interface.network.max_prefixlen - interface.network.prefixlen
if color:
printer(f"Host Bits = [yellow]{host_bits}[/yellow]")
else:
printer("Host Bits =", host_bits)
max_hosts = interface.network.num_addresses - max_hosts_deduct
printer("Max. Hosts =", max_hosts, f" (2^{host_bits} - {max_hosts_deduct})")
printer("Host Range =", host_range)
def print_properties(interface: Union[ipaddress.IPv4Interface, ipaddress.IPv6Interface]) -> None:
"""Print IP address properties and classifications."""
printer("Properties =")
if str(interface) == str(interface.network):
printer(" -", interface.ip, "is a NETWORK address")
elif interface.version == 4 and str(interface.ip) == str(interface.network.broadcast_address):
printer(" -", interface.ip, "is the BROADCAST address of", interface.network)
else:
printer(" -", interface.ip, "is a HOST address in", interface.network)
if interface.version == 4:
first_octet = int(str(interface.ip).split(".")[0])
if 1 <= first_octet <= 127:
printer(" - Class A")
elif 128 <= first_octet <= 191:
printer(" - Class B")
elif 192 <= first_octet <= 223:
printer(" - Class C")
elif 224 <= first_octet <= 239:
printer(" - Class D (Multicast)")
elif 240 <= first_octet <= 255:
printer(" - Class E (Reserved)")
if interface.is_private:
printer(" - Private")
else:
if interface.is_site_local:
printer(" - Site-Local Unicast Properties:")
elif interface.is_reserved:
printer(" - Reserved Unicast Properties:")
elif interface.is_link_local:
printer(" - Link-Local Unicast Properties:")
elif interface.is_private:
printer(" - Private Unicast Properties:")
elif interface.is_global:
printer(" - Global Unicast Properties:")
printer(" + Interface ID =", str(interface.ip.exploded)[-19:])
printer(" + Sol. Node MC = ff02::1:ff" + str(interface.ip.exploded)[-7:])
if interface.is_loopback:
printer(" - Loopback address")
def print_dns_hostname(ip: Union[ipaddress.IPv4Address, ipaddress.IPv6Address], do_reverse: bool) -> None:
"""Perform reverse DNS lookup and print the result."""
if do_reverse:
try:
dns = socket.gethostbyaddr(str(ip))[0]
except (socket.error, socket.herror, socket.gaierror, socket.timeout) as e:
dns = f"({e.strerror})"
printer("DNS Hostname =", dns)
def main() -> None:
"""Main function to run the IP Subnet Calculator."""
args = parse_args()
color = not args.nocolor
# Override global printer with rich.print if color is enabled.
global printer
if color:
try:
from rich import print as rich_print
printer = rich_print
except ImportError:
printer = print
printer("WARNING: 'rich' module not found. CLI coloring will not be available.")
try:
interface = ipaddress.ip_interface(args.prefix)
except ValueError:
printer("ERROR: Bad address " + args.prefix + "!")
sys.exit(1)
prefix_len = interface.network.prefixlen
if prefix_len in (32, 128):
max_hosts_deduct = 0
host_range = f"{{ {interface.network[0]} - {interface.network[0]} }}"
broadcast = "not needed on Point-to-Point links" if interface.version == 4 else None
elif prefix_len in (31, 127):
max_hosts_deduct = 0
host_range = f"{{ {interface.network[0]} - {interface.network[1]} }}"
broadcast = "not needed on Point-to-Point links" if interface.version == 4 else None
else:
max_hosts_deduct = 2 if interface.version == 4 else 1
host_range = f"{{ {interface.network[1]} - {interface.network[-2]} }}"
broadcast = interface.network.broadcast_address if interface.version == 4 else None
if interface.version == 4:
print_ipv4_binary(interface.ip, prefix_len, color)
else:
print_ipv6_binary(interface.ip, prefix_len, color)
print_network_info(interface, color, max_hosts_deduct, host_range, broadcast)
print_properties(interface)
if not args.n:
print_dns_hostname(interface.ip, do_reverse=True)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()