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03-client-tools.md

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Installing the Client Tools

From this point on, the steps are exactly the same for VirtualBox and Apple Silicon as it is now about configuring Kubernetes itself on the Linux hosts which you have now provisioned.

Begin by logging into controlplane01 using vagrant ssh for VirtualBox, or multipass shell for Apple Silicon.

Access all VMs

Here we create an SSH key pair for the user who we are logged in as (this is vagrant on VirtualBox, ubuntu on Apple Silicon). We will copy the public key of this pair to the other controlplane and both workers to permit us to use password-less SSH (and SCP) go get from controlplane01 to these other nodes in the context of the user which exists on all nodes.

Generate SSH key pair on controlplane01 node:

ssh-keygen

Leave all settings to default by pressing ENTER at any prompt.

Add this key to the local authorized_keys (controlplane01) as in some commands we scp to ourself.

cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

Copy the key to the other hosts. You will be asked to enter a password for each of the ssh-copy-id commands. The password is:

  • VirtualBox - vagrant
  • Apple Silicon: ubuntu

The option -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no tells it not to ask if you want to connect to a previously unknown host. Not best practice in the real world, but speeds things up here.

$(whoami) selects the appropriate user name to connect to the remote VMs. On VirtualBox this evaluates to vagrant; on Apple Silicon it is ubuntu.

ssh-copy-id -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $(whoami)@controlplane02
ssh-copy-id -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $(whoami)@loadbalancer
ssh-copy-id -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $(whoami)@node01
ssh-copy-id -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $(whoami)@node02

For each host, the output should be similar to this. If it is not, then you may have entered an incorrect password. Retry the step.

Number of key(s) added: 1

Verify connection

ssh controlplane01
exit

ssh controlplane02
exit

ssh node01
exit

ssh node02
exit

Install kubectl

The kubectl command line utility is used to interact with the Kubernetes API Server. Download and install kubectl from the official release binaries:

Reference: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/

We will be using kubectl early on to generate kubeconfig files for the controlplane components.

The environment variable ARCH is pre-set during VM deployment according to whether using VirtualBox (amd64) or Apple Silicon (arm64) to ensure the correct version of this and later software is downloaded for your machine architecture.

Linux

curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/${ARCH}/kubectl"
chmod +x kubectl
sudo mv kubectl /usr/local/bin/

Verification

Verify kubectl is installed:

kubectl version --client

output will be similar to this, although versions may be newer:

Client Version: v1.29.0
Kustomize Version: v5.0.4-0.20230601165947-6ce0bf390ce3

Next: Certificate Authority
Prev: Compute Resources (VirtualBox), (Apple Silicon)