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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Tangible Landscape</title>
<meta name="description" content="Tangible Landscape slides">
<meta name="author" content="NCSU GeoForAll Lab members">
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<section>
<h3 style="color: #888">
GFDRR Webinar</h3>
<h1 style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0em; color: #000">Tangible Landscape</h1>
<h5 style="margin-top: 0.0em;color: #000">as a tool for modeling and science communication</h5>
<h5 style="color: #888">Helena Mitasova, Anna Petrasova,
Vaclav Petras, Payam Tabrizian, Brendan Harmon, Ross Meentemeyer</h5>
<img height="80px" style="margin-top: 2em" src="img/cgaBlack.png">
<h5 style="color: #000">North Carolina State University</h5>
</section>
<section>
<img height="100px" style="margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 1em" src="img/cgaBlack.png">
<p style="margin-top: 1em;">
The webinar is presented by the <b>GeoForAll Laboratory</b> at the
Center for Geospatial Analytics (CGA), North Carolina State University
<p style="margin-top: 1em;">
CGA is an interdisciplinary research and education center with focus on
geospatial computing, modeling, analytics and geovisualization.
<p style="margin-top: 1em;">
We offer MGIST professional master's degree (on-line and on-campus)
and a new <b>PhD in Geospatial Analytics</b> launched in Fall 2018
<p style="font-size: 140%; margin-top: 1em;">
<a href="http://geospatial.ncsu.edu/">geospatial.ncsu.edu</a>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Authors</h1>
<!-- This is a terrible example of HTML -->
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<col width="15%">
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<td style="vertical-align: middle">
<img width="150px" src="img/mitasova.jpg"></td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle">
<p style="font-size: 0.7em">Helena Mitasova
<p style="font-size: 0.5em">Associate Director of Geovisualization</td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle">
<img width="150px" src="img/petrasova.jpg"></td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle" style="vertical-align: middle">
<p style="font-size: 0.7em">Anna Petrasova
<p style="font-size: 0.5em">Postdoc at CGA</td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle">
<img width="150px" src="img/baharmon.jpg"></td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle">
<p style="font-size: 0.7em">Brendan Harmon
<p style="font-size: 0.5em">Assistant Professor<br>of Landscape Architecture at LSU</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: 0px">
<img width="150px" src="img/vpetras.jpg"></td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: 0px">
<p style="font-size: 0.7em">Vaclav Petras
<p style="font-size: 0.5em">Postdoc at CGA</td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: 0px">
<img width="150px" src="img/payam.jpg"></td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: 0px">
<p style="font-size: 0.7em">Payam Tabrizian
<p style="font-size: 0.5em">PhD student<br>CGA/College of Design</td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: 0px">
<img width="150px" src="img/ross.jpg"></td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: 0px">
<p style="font-size: 0.7em">Ross Meentemeyer
<p style="font-size: 0.5em">CGA Director</td>
</tr>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Motivation for Tangible Interfaces for GIS</h2>
<ul>
<!-- <li>Tangible User Interfaces (TUI) can helps us experience and better understand data and processes through tangible interaction.</li> -->
<li>Interaction through mouse, keyboard and display does not encourage creativity.</li>
<li>Manipulating computer models is not intuitive and requires specialized software and training.</li>
<li>Collaboration is restricted as typically only one user at a time can navigate and modify models. </li>
</ul>
<img height="200px" src="img/collaboration_computer.JPG">
<img height="200px" src="img/art_rhino.jpg">
<!-- <h5>Tangible Landscape is designed to make scientific data,
models, and simulations exploratory, engaging, and fun</h5> -->
</section>
<!-- History -->
<section>
<h2>The evolution of tangible geospatial interfaces </h2>
<img style="margin-bottom:0px" height="250px" src="img/illuminating_clay.png">
<!-- <img style="margin-bottom:0px" height="250px" src="images/sandscape.png"> -->
<img style="margin-bottom:0px" height="250px" src="img/tangeoms_5_s.jpg">
<img style="margin-bottom:0px" height="250px" src="img/augmented_reality_sandbox.jpg">
<p style="margin-top:0px"><small>Image source:
<a href="http://tangible.media.mit.edu/project/illuminating-clay/">MIT Media Lab</a>,<br>
<a href="http://idav.ucdavis.edu/~okreylos/ResDev/SARndbox/">http://idav.ucdavis.edu/</a></small></p>
<!-- <img height="250px" src="img/tangeoms_2.jpg"> -->
<p> <b>Illuminating Clay</b>,
<b>Tangible Geospatial Modeling System (TanGeoMS)</b>, <b>Augmented Reality Sandbox</b></p>
<p><small>Ishii H., Ratti C., Piper B., Wang Y., Biderman A. and Ben-Joseph E. <a href="http://tmg-trackr.media.mit.edu/publishedmedia/Papers/188-Bringing%20clay%20and%20sand/Published/PDF">
"Bringing clay and sand into digital design—continuous tangible user interfaces."</a> BT technology journal 22.4 (2004): 287-299.
<br>L. Tateosian, H. Mitasova, B. A. Harmon, B. Fogleman, K. Weaver, and R. S. Harmon,
<a href="http://baharmon.github.io/publications/tangible_geospatial_modeling.pdf">
“TanGeoMS: Tangible Geospatial Modeling System,”</a>
IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1605–12, 2010.</small></p>
<aside class="notes">
To give you a little bit of background, tangible geospatial modeling
evolved from a broader concept of tangible user interfaces, which
simplify our interaction with digital information through physical environment.
In the special case of geospatial data, there has been
several systems in the past decade linking geospatial data and physical models,
such as Illuminating Clay, homegrown Tangible Geospatial Modeling System,
or more recent Augmented Reality Sandbox.
All these prototypes have various limitations in technology, resolution, speed,
and applicability to real-world data and modeling,
which tangible geospatial modeling needs to address.
</aside>
</section>
<!-- How it works -->
<section>
<h2>Tangible Landscape: real-time coupling with GIS</h2>
<iframe data-autoplay <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Cd3cCQTGer4?rel=0&showinfo=0;loop=1&playlist=Cd3cCQTGer4" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
<img height="315px" src="img/system_schema.png">
<p>Tangible Landscape couples a digital and a physical model through
a continuous cycle of 3D scanning, geospatial modeling, and projection.</p>
<aside class="notes">
I addressed these questions through the development and application of
Tangible Landscape. The new thing Tangible Landscape brings is the real-time coupling
with a full-fledged geographic information system. This means
we can easily plug in and automate different analyses and geospatial workflows
with real landscapes, which brings lot of flexibility.
Here you can see the coupling concept -
A physical model is continuously scanned by a 3D scanner,
the scanned data are imported into GIS, specifically GRASS GIS,
where a 3D digital elevation model is computed and
a selected analysis or modeling is performed
in this case contours are derived and water flow and ponding is simulated.
A composite image of the selected map layers is then projected over the model.
In this way the system couples the digital and physical models in a
continuous cycle of scanning, modeling and projection,
providing the user continuous feedback.
</aside>
</section>
<!-- Interactions -->
<section>
<h2>Tangible interactions</h2>
<img class="stretch" src="img/interaction/interactions_new.png">
<aside class="notes">
So we have the scan of the physical model but how do we interact with the model?
Tangible geospatial modeling requires different interactions to accommodate different geospatial models
and model inputs.
To make Tangible Landscape flexible in this regard,
we developed multiple ways to interact with the physical models, taking the advantage
of both depth and color information coming from the 3D scanner.
You can create vector geometries using markers which can be interpreted
as points or combined into polylines. Areas of different categories
can be designed with pieces of colored felt.
The surface from sand is most often interpreted as topography, but
it can also represent more abstract surfaces, such as cross sections of a volume
or as probability or cost surface.
Also, direction can be intuitively manipulated using a colored marker.
To detect and interpret these tangible objects and colors, we use
a combination of basic geospatial tools, such as raster algebra,
more complex algorithms like traveling salesman heuristics,
and also classic remote sensing techniques like image segmentation and classification.
</aside>
</section>
<!-- Science with Tangible Landscape -->
<section data-background-image="img/background_interaction_hands.png">
<h2>Applications: topographic analysis</h2>
<table>
<tr><td style="text-align:center">slope<br/><img width="70%" src="img/slope_after.jpg"></td>
<td style="text-align:center">erosion<br/><img width="70%" src="img/usped_before.jpg"></td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 0px">landforms<br/><img width="80%" src="img/geomorphons_draft1.jpg"></td></tr>
</table>
</section>
<!-- Visibility analysis -->
<section data-background-image="img/background_interaction_hands_markers.png">
<h2>Applications: visibility</h2>
<video data-autoplay class="stretch" controls>
<source src="img/visibility.mp4" type="video/mp4">
Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>
<p>Visibility and line of sight
</section>
<!-- Solar analysis-->
<section data-background-image="img/background_interaction_hands.png">
<h2>Applications: solar analysis</h2>
<img width="23%" src="img/solar_1.jpg">
<!-- <img width="32%" src="img/solar_3.jpg"> -->
<img width="23%" src="img/scen1_430_winter.JPG">
<img width="23%" src="img/scen2_7_summer.jpg">
<img width="23%" src="img/solar.gif">
<p>Solar irradiation and cast shadows</p>
</section>
<!-- Trail Planning -->
<section data-background-image="img/background_interaction_hands_markers.png">
<h2>Applications: trail planning</h2>
<img width="32%" src="img/trail_1.jpg">
<img width="32%" src="img/trail_2.jpg">
<img width="32%" src="img/trail_4.jpg">
<p>Optimized trail routing between waypoints based on energetics, topography, and cost maps with feedback including trail slopes and viewsheds</p>
</section>
<!-- Soil moisture -->
<section data-background-image="img/background_interaction_hands_markers.png">
<h2>Applications: 3D soil moisture exploration</h2>
<img height="190px" src="img/subsurface_1.jpg">
<img height="190px" src="img/subsurface_2.jpg">
<img height="190px" src="img/subsurface_3.jpg">
<img width="80%" src="img/cross_section.png">
</section>
<section data-background-image="img/background_interaction_hands.png">
<h2>Application: erosion control</h2>
<p>Sculpting a check dam to retain storm water and reduce erosion
<img width="32%" src="img/felt/felt_4.jpg">
<img width="32%" src="img/felt/checkdam_1.jpg">
<img width="32%" src="img/felt/checkdam_2.jpg">
</section>
<section data-background-image="img/background_interaction_felt.png">
<h2>Application: erosion control</h2>
<p>Placing colored felt to modify land cover.
Adding grass (light green) and patches of trees (darker green)
changes the c-factor thus reducing erosion.
<img width="900px" src="img/felt.png">
<!-- demo -->
<!-- <img width="23%" src="img/felt/felt_1.jpg">
<img width="23%" src="img/felt/felt_2.jpg">
<img width="23%" src="img/felt/felt_3.jpg">
<img width="23%" src="img/felt/felt_4.jpg"> -->
</section>
<!-- Dam break -->
<section>
<h2>Applications: Dam break</h2>
<video data-autoplay height="500px" controls muted>
<source src="video/dam_breach_3.mp4" type="video/mp4">
Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>
</section>
<!-- Fire -->
<section data-background-image="img/background_interaction_hands.png">
<h2>Applications: wildfire spread</h2>
<iframe data-autoplay width="853" height="480" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/EJc57GFJeZI?rel=0&showinfo=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</section>
<!-- SOD -->
<section data-background-image="img/background_interaction_felt.png">
<h2>Management of emerging infectious disease through participatory modeling</h2>
<div class="left" style="max-width: 56% !important; ">
<ul class="ps">
<li>Sudden Oak Death (SOD) case study</li>
<li>tree disease in California and Oregon</li>
<li>simulating disease using spatially-explicit model</li>
<li>workshop with expert stakeholders</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="right" style="max-width: 43% !important; ">
<img src="img/applications/SOD_workshop.jpg"></div>
</section>
<!-- Futures -->
<section data-background-image="img/background_interaction_sand.png">
<h2>Applications: urban growth</h2>
<p>Simulation of urban growth scenarios with FUTURES model
<img width="32%" src="img/applications/Sod_1.png">
<img width="32%" src="img/applications/Sod_2.png">
<img width="32%" src="img/applications/Sod_anim.gif">
<br><br>
<p><small> Meentemeyer, et al. (2013), </i> <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00045608.2012.707591">FUTURES: multilevel simulations of emerging urban–rural landscape structure using a stochastic patch-growing algorithm.</a></small></p>
<aside class="notes">
In our next example, we scale up a bit to explore 3D rendering with a dynamic Urban-rural growth model, called FUTURES.
Developed by Meentemeyer et al., FUTURES in 2013 is an open source urban growth model specifically designed to capture the spatial structure of development.
FUTURES has been has been implemented in GRASS GIS and coupled with Tangible landscape.
The case study is the Buncombe county region located in the North West of North Carolina with 660 Sq miles area.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Applications: urban growth</h2>
<!--<video data-autoplay height="400px" controls muted>
<source src="video/futures.mp4" type="video/mp4">
Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>-->
<iframe width="1000" height="500" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/oFILb0En258?rel=0&controls=0&showinfo=0&start=46" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</section>
<!-- Serious gaming with Tangible Landscape: Termites -->
<section data-background-image="img/background_interaction_markers.png">
<h2>Serious games: Termite infestation</h2>
<img width="45%" src="img/termite_game_2.jpg">
<img width="45%" src="img/termite_game_3.jpg">
<p>Manage the spread of termites across a city by treating city blocks
using a model of biological invasion in R</p>
</section>
<!-- Serious gaming with Tangible Landscape: Coastal -->
<section data-background-image="img/background_interaction_hands.png">
<h2>Serious games: coastal flooding</h2>
<img width="45%" src="img/Hunt_coastal1.JPG">
<img width="45%" src="img/Hunt_coastal2.JPG">
<p>Save houses from coastal flooding by building coastal defenses<br>(Bald Head Island, NC)</p>
<p style="font-size:0.75em">Structured problem-solving with rules, challenging objectives, and scoring</p>
</section>
<section data-background-image="img/Florence_flooding_BH.jpg">
<h2 style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom:10em">Florence hurricane flooding</h2>
</section>
<!-- Immersive Virtual Reality -->
<section>
<h2> Realtime 3D rendering with Blender</h2>
<div class="right" style="max-width: 67% !important; "><img src="img/tl_planting_4.jpg"></div>
<div class="left" style="max-width: 28% !important; "><img src="img/rendered_diagram_2.png"></div>
</section>
<section>
<h2> Designing with Tangible Landscape</h2>
<p>Dorothea Dix park case study:<br> changing landforms and hydrology</p>
<img class="left" src="img/design/site.png">
<img class="right" src="img/design/process.png">
<aside class="notes">
In the first step,they changed the landform to create a pond, and direct the road runoff to the pond,
they used the excavation soil to create artificial mounds to buffer the site adjacent roads, and reinforce the entrance views.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<p>Exploring views from the park entrances</p>
<img class="stretch" src="img/design/process2.png">
</section>
<section>
<p>Planting trees and siting a shelter </p>
<img class="stretch" src="img/design/process3.png">
<aside class="notes">
Then they planted four diffrent plant species using felt pieces while exploring the bio diversity measures.
Using a wooden marker, the sited a shelter in the site.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<p>Designing a trail and exploring views</p>
<img class="stretch" src="img/design/process4.png">
</section>
<section>
<p>Evaluation of design scenarios</p>
<img class="stretch" src="img/design/process7.png">
<aside class="notes">
While tangible landscape allows for rapidly exploring various scenarious, these scenarios can be compared against each other to
support better decisions. Spatial analysis such as landscape metrics, Site hydology maps, amount of reunoff saved can be colloboratively balanced
to create a landscape that works and is appealing.
</aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2> Realism </h2>
<img class="stretch" src="img/coupling_case5.jpg">
</section>
<!-- Setup -->
<section>
<h3>System setup</h3>
<p>projector, scanner, stand, computer, model, table, screen</p>
<img width="30%" src="img/projector_configuration_2.png">
<img width="30%" src="img/system/setup_screen.JPG">
</section>
<!-- Software -->
<section>
<h2>Software architecture</h2>
<img class="stretch" src="img/Coupling_diagram.jpg">
</section>
<!-- Physical models -->
<section>
<h2>Building physical 3D models</h2>
<!--<img height="250px" src="img/model.png">-->
<img class="stretch" src="img/tangible_landscape.jpg">
</section>
<section>
<h3>Hand sculpting from polymeric sand</h3>
<img class="stretch" src="img/hand_sculpting.jpg">
</section>
<section>
<h3>Hand sculpting with difference feedback</h3>
<iframe data-autoplay width="853" height="480"
src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Q3elMIRCYSk?rel=0&showinfo=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</br><span style="color:blue">blue</span> → add sand,
<span style="color:red">red</span> → remove sand
</section>
<section>
<h3>3D printing</h3>
<img class="stretch" src="img/3d_print_1.jpg">
</section>
<section>
<h3>CNC routing large complex models and molds</h3>
<img class="stretch" src="img/cnc_router.jpg">
</section>
<section>
<h3>Casting polymeric sand</h3>
<img class="stretch" src="img/new_molds_workflow.jpg">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Tangible Landscape for designers</h2>
Intuitive, collaborative environment for landscape design
augmented with geospatial analyses.
<p>
<img height="300px" src="img/collaboration3.JPG">
<img height="300px" src="img/design.JPG">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Tangible Landscape for education</h2>
Method to improve understanding of geospatial algorithms, processes and interactions.
<p>
<img height="300px" src="img/class.JPG">
<img height="300px" src="img/collaboration2.JPG">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Tangible Landscape for communities</h2>
Platform for decision-making and science communication
where people of different backgrounds can interact.
<p>
<img height="300px" src="img/collaboration1.JPG">
<img height="300px" src="img/SOD.jpg">
<p>
Making geospatial data and tools accessible to all
</section>
<section>
<h2>Tangible Landscape for researchers and developers</h2>
<p>Tool for rapid generation of test data for development and evaluation of
geospatial algorithms.</p>
<img style="margin:0px" height="230px" src="img/dunes_move.jpg">
<video height="230px" data-autoplay loop muted>
<source src="video/comets.mp4" type="video/mp4">
Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>
<p>Creating test DEMs for landscape evolution analysis
</section>
<!-- Open source -->
<section>
<h2>Open source</h2>
<p>Tangible Landscape plugin for GRASS GIS <br>
<a href="https://github.com/tangible-landscape/grass-tangible-landscape">
github.com/tangible-landscape/grass-tangible-landscape
</a></p>
<p>GRASS GIS module for importing data from Kinect v2 <br>
<a href="https://github.com/tangible-landscape/r.in.kinect">
github.com/tangible-landscape/r.in.kinect
</a></p>
<p>Tangible Landscape repository on Open Science Framework <br>
<a href="https://osf.io/w8nr6/">
osf.io/w8nr6
</a></p>
<img width="20%" src="img/tl_logo.png">
</section>
<!-- Resources -->
<section>
<h3>Resources</h3>
<ul>
<li>Tangible Landscape website: <a href="https://tangible-landscape.github.io">tangible-landscape.github.io</a></li>
<li>Tangible Landscape wiki: <br><a href="https://github.com/tangible-landscape/grass-tangible-landscape/wiki">github.com/tangible-landscape/grass-tangible-landscape/wiki</a> </li>
<li>Book: <a href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-319-89303-7">
<em>Tangible Modeling with Open Source GIS</em>, second edition</a></li>
<!-- <li><em><a href="http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/4/2/942/pdf">
Integrating Free and Open Source Solutions into Geospatial Science Education.</a></em>
Petras, V., Petrasova, A., Harmon, B., Meentemeyer, R.K., Mitasova, H.
ISPRS IJGI. 2015.</li> -->
</ul>
<p>
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