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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<p class="site-subtitle">永不放弃的信念和孤注一掷的勇气</p>
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<a class="post-title-link" href="/2022/05/08/gdb-usage-intro/" itemprop="url">GDB debugging introduction</a></h1>
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<p>This article introduces the common commands and shortcuts using GDB.<br>Suppose we have a program named <code>hello.c</code> and complied using <code>gcc -g -o hello hello.c</code>.</p>
<h1 id="commands"><a href="#commands" class="headerlink" title="commands"></a>commands</h1><p>Begin gdb session: <code>gdb hello</code></p>
<p>Set breakpoint: <code>break #lineNumber</code>, eg <code>break 10</code></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Hint: Find line number by using <code>vim hello.c</code>, press escape and input <code>:set nu</code></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Run: <code>run</code>, run with stdin: <code>run < inputfile.txt</code></p>
<p>Start debugging: <code>start</code></p>
<p>Show local variables: <code>info locals</code></p>
<p>Watch a local variable: <code>watch variableName</code></p>
<p>Continue debugging: <code>continue</code></p>
<p>Step in: <code>step</code>, executed the next line without stepping in: <code>next</code></p>
<p>Display a variable at each step: <code>display variableName</code></p>
<h1 id="shortcuts"><a href="#shortcuts" class="headerlink" title="shortcuts"></a>shortcuts</h1><p>In gdb session, press <code>ctrl+x</code> and then press <code>a</code> to show the source code. Press <code>ctrl+x</code> and then press <code>2</code> to show the corresponding assembly code.</p>
<p><img src="/./assets/gdb-source-code.png" alt="gdb source code"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>You could also install cgdb to have better experiences. Use <code>cgdb hello</code> and press <code>escape</code> to scroll the source code and press <code>i</code> to exe command</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Press <code>ctrl+x</code> and then press <code>2</code> one more time to show the CPU register group.<br><img src="/./assets/gdb-reg.png" alt="gdb cpu registry"><br>Use <code>info all-registers</code> to show all registers.<br>Use <code>tui reg float</code> to show float registry group.</p>
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<h1 id="Hexo自定"><a href="#Hexo自定" class="headerlink" title="Hexo自定"></a>Hexo自定</h1><h2 id="Hexo-NexT主题添加点击爱心效果"><a href="#Hexo-NexT主题添加点击爱心效果" class="headerlink" title="Hexo NexT主题添加点击爱心效果"></a>Hexo NexT主题添加点击爱心效果</h2><h3 id="创建js文件"><a href="#创建js文件" class="headerlink" title="创建js文件"></a>创建js文件</h3><p>在<code>/themes/next/source/js/src</code>下新建文件<code>clicklove.js</code>，接着把该<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://7u2ss1.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/love.js">链接</a>下的代码拷贝粘贴到<code>clicklove.js</code>文件中。<br>代码如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">!function(e,t,a){function n(){c(".heart{width: 10px;height: 10px;position: fixed;background: #f00;transform: rotate(45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(45deg);}.heart:after,.heart:before{content: '';width: inherit;height: inherit;background: inherit;border-radius: 50%;-webkit-border-radius: 50%;-moz-border-radius: 50%;position: fixed;}.heart:after{top: -5px;}.heart:before{left: -5px;}"),o(),r()}function r(){for(var e=0;e<d.length;e++)d[e].alpha<=0?(t.body.removeChild(d[e].el),d.splice(e,1)):(d[e].y--,d[e].scale+=.004,d[e].alpha-=.013,d[e].el.style.cssText="left:"+d[e].x+"px;top:"+d[e].y+"px;opacity:"+d[e].alpha+";transform:scale("+d[e].scale+","+d[e].scale+") rotate(45deg);background:"+d[e].color+";z-index:99999");requestAnimationFrame(r)}function o(){var t="function"==typeof e.onclick&&e.onclick;e.onclick=function(e){t&&t(),i(e)}}function i(e){var a=t.createElement("div");a.className="heart",d.push({el:a,x:e.clientX-5,y:e.clientY-5,scale:1,alpha:1,color:s()}),t.body.appendChild(a)}function c(e){var a=t.createElement("style");a.type="text/css";try{a.appendChild(t.createTextNode(e))}catch(t){a.styleSheet.cssText=e}t.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(a)}function s(){return"rgb("+~~(255*Math.random())+","+~~(255*Math.random())+","+~~(255*Math.random())+")"}var d=[];e.requestAnimationFrame=function(){return e.requestAnimationFrame||e.webkitRequestAnimationFrame||e.mozRequestAnimationFrame||e.oRequestAnimationFrame||e.msRequestAnimationFrame||function(e){setTimeout(e,1e3/60)}}(),n()}(window,document);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="修改-layout-swig"><a href="#修改-layout-swig" class="headerlink" title="修改_layout.swig"></a>修改_layout.swig</h3><p>在<code>\themes\next\layout\_layout.swig</code>文件末尾添加：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><!-- 页面点击小红心 --></span><br><span class="line"><script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/clicklove.js"></script></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="添加动态背景"><a href="#添加动态背景" class="headerlink" title="添加动态背景"></a>添加动态背景</h2><h3 id="layout-swig"><a href="#layout-swig" class="headerlink" title="_layout.swig"></a>_layout.swig</h3><p>找到<code>themes\next\layout\_layout.swig</code>文件，添加内容：<br>在``里添加：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><div class="bg_content"></span><br><span class="line"> <canvas id="canvas"></canvas></span><br><span class="line"></div></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>仍是该文件，在末尾添加：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/dynamic_bg.js"></script></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="dynamic-bg-js"><a href="#dynamic-bg-js" class="headerlink" title="dynamic_bg.js"></a>dynamic_bg.js</h3><p>在<code>themes\next\source\js\src</code>中新建文件<code>dynamic_bg.js</code>，代码链接中可见：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/asdfv1929/asdfv1929.github.io/blob/master/js/src/dynamic_bg.js">dynamic_bg.js</a></p>
<h3 id="custom-styl"><a href="#custom-styl" class="headerlink" title="custom.styl"></a>custom.styl</h3><p>在<code>themes\next\source\css\_custom\custom.styl</code>文件末尾添加内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">.bg_content {</span><br><span class="line"> position: fixed;</span><br><span class="line"> top: 0;</span><br><span class="line"> z-index: -1;</span><br><span class="line"> width: 100%;</span><br><span class="line"> height: 100%;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="tag-cloud"><a href="#tag-cloud" class="headerlink" title="tag cloud"></a>tag cloud</h2><p>进入到 <code>hexo</code> 的根目录，在命令行中输入<code>npm install hexo-tag-cloud@^2.0.* --save </code></p>
<p>在 <code>package.json</code> 中添加依赖: <code>"hexo-tag-cloud": "2.0.*"</code> ，在</p>
<p>在文件 theme/next/layout/_macro/sidebar.swig的<code></nav></code>标签之前添加如下代码：</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">{% if site.tags.length > 1 %}</span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span> <span class="attr">charset</span>=<span class="string">"utf-8"</span> <span class="attr">src</span>=<span class="string">"/js/tagcloud.js"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="name">script</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span> <span class="attr">charset</span>=<span class="string">"utf-8"</span> <span class="attr">src</span>=<span class="string">"/js/tagcanvas.js"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="name">script</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">div</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">"widget-wrap"</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">h3</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">"widget-title"</span>></span>Tag Cloud<span class="tag"></<span class="name">h3</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">div</span> <span class="attr">id</span>=<span class="string">"myCanvasContainer"</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">"widget tagcloud"</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">canvas</span> <span class="attr">width</span>=<span class="string">"250"</span> <span class="attr">height</span>=<span class="string">"250"</span> <span class="attr">id</span>=<span class="string">"resCanvas"</span> <span class="attr">style</span>=<span class="string">"width=100%"</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> {{ list_tags() }}</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">canvas</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">div</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"></<span class="name">div</span>></span></span><br><span class="line">{% endif %}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="增加新页面页面"><a href="#增加新页面页面" class="headerlink" title="增加新页面页面"></a>增加新页面页面</h2><p><code>hexo new post tags/about/archive</code></p>
<p>其中对于tags：</p>
<p>open …/_posts/tags/index.md</p>
<blockquote>
<p>title: tags<br>date: 2020-05-21 18:35:04<br>layout: “tags”<br>type: tags</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="bug"><a href="#bug" class="headerlink" title="bug"></a>bug</h2><h3 id="导航栏中点击tags，archive，home，浏览器提示找不到，比如annot-GET-tags-20"><a href="#导航栏中点击tags，archive，home，浏览器提示找不到，比如annot-GET-tags-20" class="headerlink" title="导航栏中点击tags，archive，home，浏览器提示找不到，比如annot GET /tags/%20/"></a>导航栏中点击tags，archive，home，浏览器提示找不到，比如<code>annot GET /tags/%20/</code></h3><p>对theme/next/_config.yml文件进行编辑，将中“||”前的空格删掉，上面已经是编辑好的配置，如下所示。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>menu:</p>
<p>home: /|| home</p>
<p>about: /about/|| user</p>
<p>tags: /tags/|| tags</p>
<p>#categories: /categories/ || th</p>
<p>archives: /archives/|| archive</p>
<p>#schedule: /schedule/ || calendar</p>
<p>#sitemap: /sitemap.xml || sitemap</p>
<p># commonweal: /404/|| heartbeat</p>
</blockquote>
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<h2 id="Env"><a href="#Env" class="headerlink" title="Env"></a>Env</h2><p>10.3 xcode</p>
<p>macos mojave</p>
<h2 id="Method"><a href="#Method" class="headerlink" title="Method"></a>Method</h2><ul>
<li>open <code>/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Frameworks/IDEKit.framework/Versions/A/Resources/IDETextKeyBindingSet.plist</code></li>
<li>Add the following lines into the <strong>root dictionary</strong> (after first dict occurrence)</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><key>Sublime Commands</key></span><br><span class="line"> <dict></span><br><span class="line"> <key>Cut Current Line</key></span><br><span class="line"> <string>selectLine:, cut:</string></span><br><span class="line"> <key>Copy Current Line</key></span><br><span class="line"> <string>selectLine:, copy:</string></span><br><span class="line"> <key>Duplicate Current Line</key></span><br><span class="line"> <string>selectLine:, copy:, moveToBeginningOfLine:, paste:, moveToEndOfLine:</string></span><br><span class="line"> </dict></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>restart xcode</li>
<li><code>cmd + </code>, go to <code>key bindings</code>, go to Text, go to Sublime Commands<ul>
<li>add your own shortcut</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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<p>tested for two times.</p>
<h2 id="prepare"><a href="#prepare" class="headerlink" title="prepare"></a>prepare</h2><ul>
<li>download os from aliyun: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-releases/2">http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-releases/2</a><ul>
<li>choose amd64 desktop version</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>download qv2ray and v2ray core from github</li>
<li>download ultraiso</li>
<li>download cuda.run for your ubuntu version<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-toolkit-archive">https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-toolkit-archive</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>use a portable disk to save all the files in case next time you need them</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="install-ubuntu"><a href="#install-ubuntu" class="headerlink" title="install ubuntu"></a>install ubuntu</h2><ol>
<li>prepare a blank usb flash disk</li>
<li>open the os iso in ultraios, and write it to your usb flash disk</li>
<li>compress a blank partition in other disks, compress a 200m partition in your windows-disk</li>
<li>reboot, in bois, select the usb flash disk, reboot</li>
<li>edit install config(press <code>e</code>), add <code>nomodeset</code> after <code>quite splash</code> ( or it will 花屏)</li>
<li>f10 to reboot</li>
<li>begin install<ol>
<li>choose the last option for install</li>
<li>add ubuntu disk partitions on your blank partition<ol>
<li>/, main partition</li>
<li>home, logistic partition</li>
<li>add efi on 200m partition</li>
<li>add swap if your ram is small</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>after installation reboot</li>
<li>in grub, edit again, use <code>e</code>, add <code>nomodeset</code> after <code>quite splash</code></li>
</ol>
<h2 id="install-cuda-and-graphic-card-driver"><a href="#install-cuda-and-graphic-card-driver" class="headerlink" title="install cuda and graphic card driver"></a>install cuda and graphic card driver</h2><p>tutorials on Chinese websites are not good enough. they always said you need to install the driver first, but actually the cuda will recommend you to install the driver while you are installing cuda</p>
<ol>
<li><p>copy the cuda.run from your external disk to your local disk</p>
</li>
<li><p>change directory to where your cuda is</p>
</li>
<li><p><code>sudo chmod x+a cuda.run</code></p>
</li>
<li><p><code>sudo ./cuda.run</code></p>
</li>
<li><p>after installation, edit environment variables</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p> <code>sudo gedit /etc/profile</code>, append contents like in the bottom</p>
<p>refer to <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#post-installation-actions">https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#post-installation-actions</a> for more</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">export</span> PATH=/usr/local/cuda-11.1/bin<span class="variable">${PATH:+:<span class="variable">${PATH}</span>}</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">export</span> LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-11.1/lib64\</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable">${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:<span class="variable">${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}</span>}</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>source /etc/profile</code> to make it activated</p>
<h3 id="check"><a href="#check" class="headerlink" title="check"></a>check</h3><ol>
<li><p>use <code>nvidia-smi</code> and <code>nvcc -V</code> to check whether it works.</p>
</li>
<li><p>now you would be able to reboot the system without the need to add <code>nomodeset</code></p>
</li>
<li><p>run cuda examples</p>
<ul>
<li><p><code>cd ~/nvidia_cuda-11.1-examples</code></p>
</li>
<li><p><code>make</code></p>
</li>
<li><p><code>devicequery</code>, it is under utilities/devicequery</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="install-docker"><a href="#install-docker" class="headerlink" title="install docker"></a>install docker</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/">https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/</a></p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt-get update</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt-get install \</span><br><span class="line"> apt-transport-https \</span><br><span class="line"> ca-certificates \</span><br><span class="line"> curl \</span><br><span class="line"> gnupg-agent \</span><br><span class="line"> software-properties-common</span><br><span class="line">curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -</span><br><span class="line">sudo add-apt-repository \</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> <span class="subst">$(lsb_release -cs)</span> \</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> stable"</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo apt-get update</span><br><span class="line">sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="check-1"><a href="#check-1" class="headerlink" title="check"></a>check</h3><p><code>sudo docker run hello-world</code></p>
<h3 id="add-permission"><a href="#add-permission" class="headerlink" title="add permission"></a>add permission</h3><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo gpasswd -a current_user_name docker</span><br><span class="line">Sudo service docker restart</span><br><span class="line">reboot</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="install-others-just-follow-the-document"><a href="#install-others-just-follow-the-document" class="headerlink" title="install others, just follow the document"></a>install others, just follow the document</h2><ul>
<li>ngc</li>
<li>nvidia docker</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="use-vm-to-boost-local-docker-pull"><a href="#use-vm-to-boost-local-docker-pull" class="headerlink" title="use vm to boost local docker pull"></a>use vm to boost local docker pull</h2><ol>
<li>cd to <code>vm_for_docker_pull</code> ( it is from my private repo)</li>
<li>in bash, <code>ssh -i nessvm-asia_key.pem [email protected]</code></li>
<li>pull the containers from NGC </li>
<li><code>docker tag image_from_ngc registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/ness001/image_name</code></li>
<li>on your local computer, <code>docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/ness001/image_name</code></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="current-pushed-images"><a href="#current-pushed-images" class="headerlink" title="current pushed images"></a>current pushed images</h3><p><code>registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/ness001/</code> +<code>aliyun image name</code></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>original name</th>
<th>tag</th>
<th>aliyun image name</th>
<th>usage</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>nvcr.io/nvidia/tlt-streamanalytics</td>
<td>v2.0_py3</td>
<td>nv-tlt</td>
<td>transfer learning toolkit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nvidia/cuda</td>
<td>11.0-base</td>
<td>cuda11</td>
<td>test for nvidia-docker2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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<a class="post-title-link" href="/2020/10/02/prepare-env/" itemprop="url">prepare ml env</a></h1>
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<p>I built my new pc last month and walked through the tedious installation process for future machine learning usage.</p>
<p>Here are some reusable snippets just in case I forgot.</p>