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Using GPUs inside containers

⚡ Requirement nerdctl >= 0.9

Note

The description in this section applies to nerdctl v2.3 or later. Users of prior releases of nerdctl should refer to https://github.com/containerd/nerdctl/blob/v2.2.0/docs/gpu.md

nerdctl provides docker-compatible NVIDIA and AMD GPU support.

Prerequisites

  • GPU Drivers
    • Same requirement as when you use GPUs on Docker. For details, please refer to these docs by NVIDIA and AMD.
  • Container Toolkit
    • containerd relies on vendor Container Toolkits to make GPUs available to the containers. You can install those by following the official installation instructions from NVIDIA and AMD.
  • CDI Specification
    • Container Device Interface (CDI) specification for the GPU devices is required for the GPU support to work. Follow the official documentation from NVIDIA and AMD to ensure that the required CDI specifications are present on the system.

Options for nerdctl run --gpus

nerdctl run --gpus is compatible to docker run --gpus.

You can specify number of GPUs to use via --gpus option. The following examples expose all available GPUs to the container.

nerdctl run -it --rm --gpus all nvidia/cuda:12.3.1-base-ubuntu20.04 nvidia-smi

or

nerdctl run -it --rm --gpus=all rocm/rocm-terminal rocm-smi

You can also pass detailed configuration to --gpus option as a list of key-value pairs. The following options are provided.

  • count: number of GPUs to use. all exposes all available GPUs.
  • device: IDs of GPUs to use. UUID or numbers of GPUs can be specified. This only works for NVIDIA GPUs.

The following example exposes a specific NVIDIA GPU to the container.

nerdctl run -it --rm --gpus 'device=GPU-3a23c669-1f69-c64e-cf85-44e9b07e7a2a' nvidia/cuda:12.3.1-base-ubuntu20.04 nvidia-smi

Note that although capabilities options may be provided, these are ignored when processing the GPU request since nerdctl v2.3.

Fields for nerdctl compose

nerdctl compose also supports GPUs following compose-spec.

You can use GPUs on compose when you specify the driver as nvidia or one or more of the following capabilities in services.demo.deploy.resources.reservations.devices.

  • gpu
  • nvidia

Available fields are the same as nerdctl run --gpus.

The following exposes all available GPUs to the container.

version: "3.8"
services:
  demo:
    image: nvidia/cuda:12.3.1-base-ubuntu20.04
    command: nvidia-smi
    deploy:
      resources:
        reservations:
          devices:
          - driver: nvidia
            count: all

Trouble Shooting

nerdctl run --gpus fails due to an unresolvable CDI device

If the required CDI specifications for your GPU devices are not available on the system, the nerdctl run command will fail with an error similar to: CDI device injection failed: unresolvable CDI devices nvidia.com/gpu=all (the exact error message will depend on the vendor and the device(s) requested).

This should be the same error message that is reported when the --device flag is used to request a CDI device:

nerdctl run --device=nvidia.com/gpu=all

Ensure that the NVIDIA (or AMD) Container Toolkit is installed and the requested CDI devices are present in the ouptut of nvidia-ctk cdi list (or amd-ctk cdi list for AMD GPUs):

$ nvidia-ctk cdi list
INFO[0000] Found 3 CDI devices
nvidia.com/gpu=0
nvidia.com/gpu=GPU-3eb87630-93d5-b2b6-b8ff-9b359caf4ee2
nvidia.com/gpu=all

For NVIDIA Container Toolkit, version >= v1.18.0 is recommended. See the NVIDIA Container Toolkit CDI documentation for more information.

For AMD Container Toolkit, version >= v1.2.0 is recommended. See the AMD Container Toolkit CDI documentation for more information.

nerdctl run --gpus fails when using the Nvidia gpu-operator

If the Nvidia driver is installed by the gpu-operator.The nerdctl run will fail with the error message (FATA[0000] exec: "nvidia-container-cli": executable file not found in $PATH).

So, the nvidia-container-cli needs to be added to the PATH environment variable.

You can do this by adding the following line to your $HOME/.profile or /etc/profile (for a system-wide installation):

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nvidia/toolkit

The shared libraries also need to be added to the system.

echo "/run/nvidia/driver/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/nvidia.conf
ldconfig

And then, the nerdctl run --gpus can run successfully.