[Native Image] Incompatible with macOS App Sandbox

[sgammon]

Describe the Issue

When building and signing a GraalVM-produced binary for macOS under App Sandbox, the application should work, so long as the developer's code adheres to the rules of the App Sandbox and Hardened Runtime.

Instead, the attached crash is thrown regardless of entitlement state.

Using the latest version of GraalVM can resolve many issues.

• I tried with the latest version of GraalVM.

GraalVM Version

java --version:

java version "23" 2024-09-17
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment Oracle GraalVM 23+37.1 (build 23+37-jvmci-b01)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM Oracle GraalVM 23+37.1 (build 23+37-jvmci-b01, mixed mode, sharing)

native-image --version

native-image 23 2024-09-17
GraalVM Runtime Environment Oracle GraalVM 23+37.1 (build 23+37-jvmci-b01)
Substrate VM Oracle GraalVM 23+37.1 (build 23+37, serial gc, compressed references)

Operating System and Version

Darwin 24.1.0 Darwin Kernel Version 24.1.0: Mon Sep 30 00:07:01 PDT 2024; root:xnu-11215.40.63~39/RELEASE_ARM64_T6020 arm64

Diagnostic Flag Confirmation

• I tried the -H:ThrowMissingRegistrationErrors= flag.

Run Command

./sample

Expected Behavior

I expect the program to run and print "Hello World"

Actual Behavior

It unconditionally crashes instead:

Util_jdk_internal_misc_Signal.ensureInitialized: CSunMiscSignal.create() failed.  errno: 1  Operation not permitted
Fatal error: Util_jdk_internal_misc_Signal.ensureInitialized: CSunMiscSignal.open() failed.

See Run-Time Log Output for full crash-trace.

Steps to Reproduce

1. Build any GraalVM Native Image binary on macOS (I'm on latest, but App Sandbox was introduced in Catalina)
2. Prepare an Info.plist
3. Add arguments to your -H:NativeLinkerFlags to embed the PList section
4. Sign the binary with entitlements which enable App Sandbox
5. Run the binary

Additional Context

Step 1:

Entrypoint.java

package repro;

public class Entrypoint {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println("Hello World");
  }
}

Compile to native binary and sign
(0) add Entrypoint.java, Info.plist, and Entitlements.plist to a directory. you will also need signing credentials from Apple Developer.

mkdir repro && javac Entrypoint.java && mv Entrypoint.class repro

# build native
native-image \
    -H:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions \
    -H:+InstallExitHandlers \
    -H:NativeLinkerOption=-sectcreate \
    -H:NativeLinkerOption=__TEXT \
    -H:NativeLinkerOption=__info_plist \
    -H:NativeLinkerOption=$(pwd)/Info.plist \
    -cp . \
    repro.Entrypoint \
    sample

# binary runs
./sample

# now sign it but without app sandbox enabled (only Hardened Runtime)
codesign \
    --sign "Developer ID ..." \
    -o runtime \
    --timestamp \
    sample

# binary runs
./sample

# now sign it with app sandbox enabled
codesign \
    --sign "Developer ID ..." \
    -o runtime \
    --timestamp \
    --entitlements Entitlements.plist \
    sample

# binary crashes
./sample

Info.plist

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
	<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
	<string>English</string>
	<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
	<string>some.bundle.identifier</string>
	<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
	<string>6.0</string>
	<key>CFBundleName</key>
	<string>somename</string>
</dict>
</plist>

Entitlements.plist

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>com.apple.security.app-sandbox</key>
    <true/>
    <key>com.apple.security.cs.allow-jit</key>
    <true/>
    <key>com.apple.security.cs.allow-unsigned-executable-memory</key>
    <true/>
    <key>com.apple.security.cs.disable-library-validation</key>
    <true/>
    <key>com.apple.security.cs.allow-dyld-environment-variables</key>
    <true/>
    <key>com.apple.security.cs.debugger</key>
    <true/>
</dict>
</plist>

Run-Time Log Output and Error Messages

Expand for full crash trace

Util_jdk_internal_misc_Signal.ensureInitialized: CSunMiscSignal.create() failed.  errno: 1  Operation not permitted
Fatal error: Util_jdk_internal_misc_Signal.ensureInitialized: CSunMiscSignal.open() failed.
Printing instructions (ip=0x0000000104e684b8):

0x0000000104e683b8: 0xc1 0xdf 0x9f 0x52 0xc1 0xdf 0xaf 0x72 0x81 0xcf 0x00 0xb9 0xe1 0x03 0x02 0xaa

0x0000000104e683c8: 0xe2 0x03 0x03 0xaa 0xbd 0x8d 0xfd 0x97 0x1f 0x20 0x03 0xd5 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc

0x0000000104e683d8: 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xff 0xc3 0x00 0xd1 0xfd 0x7b 0x02 0xa9

0x0000000104e683e8: 0xe0 0x17 0x40 0xf9 0xe1 0x03 0x00 0x32 0x88 0x43 0x03 0x91 0x01 0xfd 0x9f 0x88

0x0000000104e683f8: 0xe1 0x03 0x40 0xb2 0x81 0x07 0x00 0xf9 0xc1 0xdf 0x9f 0x52 0xc1 0xdf 0xaf 0x72

0x0000000104e68408: 0x81 0xcf 0x00 0xb9 0xe1 0x27 0x83 0x52 0x81 0x04 0xa0 0x72 0x61 0x0f 0x01 0x8b

0x0000000104e68418: 0xe2 0x03 0x1b 0xaa 0xa9 0x8d 0xfd 0x97 0x1f 0x20 0x03 0xd5 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc

0x0000000104e68428: 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xff 0xc3 0x00 0xd1 0xfd 0x7b 0x02 0xa9

0x0000000104e68438: 0xe0 0x17 0x40 0xf9 0xe1 0x03 0x00 0x32 0x88 0x43 0x03 0x91 0x01 0xfd 0x9f 0x88

0x0000000104e68448: 0xe1 0x03 0x40 0xb2 0x81 0x07 0x00 0xf9 0xc1 0xdf 0x9f 0x52 0xc1 0xdf 0xaf 0x72

0x0000000104e68458: 0x81 0xcf 0x00 0xb9 0xe1 0x60 0x9f 0x52 0x61 0x04 0xa0 0x72 0x61 0x0f 0x01 0x8b

0x0000000104e68468: 0xe2 0x03 0x1b 0xaa 0x95 0x8d 0xfd 0x97 0x1f 0x20 0x03 0xd5 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc

0x0000000104e68478: 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xff 0xc3 0x00 0xd1 0xfd 0x7b 0x02 0xa9

0x0000000104e68488: 0xe1 0x03 0x00 0xaa 0xe0 0x17 0x40 0xf9 0xe2 0x03 0x00 0x32 0x88 0x43 0x03 0x91

0x0000000104e68498: 0x02 0xfd 0x9f 0x88 0xe2 0x03 0x40 0xb2 0x82 0x07 0x00 0xf9 0xc2 0xdf 0x9f 0x52

0x0000000104e684a8: 0xc2 0xdf 0xaf 0x72 0x82 0xcf 0x00 0xb9 0xe2 0x03 0x1b 0xaa 0x83 0x8d 0xfd 0x97

0x0000000104e684b8: 0x1f 0x20 0x03 0xd5 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xcc 0xff 0xc3 0x02 0xd1 0xfd 0x7b 0x0a 0xa9

0x0000000104e684c8: 0x02 0x01 0x00 0xb4 0x43 0x00 0x40 0xb9 0x7f 0x18 0x00 0x71 0xa3 0x06 0x00 0x54

0x0000000104e684d8: 0x40 0x01 0x80 0x52 0xfd 0x7b 0x4a 0xa9 0xff 0xc3 0x02 0x91 0xc0 0x03 0x5f 0xd6

0x0000000104e684e8: 0xe0 0x03 0x5d 0xb2 0xe5 0x03 0x00 0xaa 0xe8 0x03 0x1f 0xaa 0xe8 0x4f 0x00 0xf9

0x0000000104e684f8: 0xe8 0x03 0x1f 0xaa 0xe8 0x4b 0x00 0xf9 0xe5 0x07 0x08 0xa9 0xe6 0x43 0x01 0x91

0x0000000104e68508: 0x67 0x54 0x81 0x52 0x87 0x0a 0xa0 0x72 0x67 0x0f 0x07 0x8b 0xe2 0x03 0x6d 0xb2

0x0000000104e68518: 0xe0 0x03 0x07 0xaa 0xe1 0x03 0x05 0xaa 0xe3 0x03 0x1f 0x2a 0xe7 0x0f 0x00 0xf9

0x0000000104e68528: 0xe6 0x3f 0x00 0xf9 0x35 0x9d 0xfe 0x97 0x1f 0x20 0x03 0xd5 0x20 0x03 0x00 0xb4

0x0000000104e68538: 0xe6 0x3f 0x40 0xf9 0xc0 0x00 0x00 0xf9 0xc5 0x00 0x40 0xf9 0xe5 0x3f 0x00 0xf9

0x0000000104e68548: 0xe6 0x03 0x01 0x91 0x20 0x57 0x84 0x52 0x80 0x0a 0xa0 0x72 0x60 0x0f 0x00 0x8b

0x0000000104e68558: 0xe1 0x03 0x05 0xaa 0xe2 0x0f 0x48 0xa9 0xe4 0x03 0x06 0xaa 0xe6 0x3b 0x00 0xf9

0x0000000104e68568: 0x4e 0x91 0xfe 0x97 0x1f 0x20 0x03 0xd5 0xc0 0x03 0x00 0x34 0xe0 0x67 0x00 0xb9

0x0000000104e68578: 0xe0 0x0f 0x40 0xf9 0xe1 0x8b 0x47 0xa9 0xa4 0x9c 0xfe 0x97 0x1f 0x20 0x03 0xd5

0x0000000104e68588: 0xe0 0x67 0x40 0xb9 0xfd 0x7b 0x4a 0xa9 0xff 0xc3 0x02 0x91 0xc0 0x03 0x5f 0xd6

0x0000000104e68598: 0x20 0x64 0x80 0x52 0xfd 0x7b 0x4a 0xa9 0xff 0xc3 0x02 0x91 0xc0 0x03 0x5f 0xd6

0x0000000104e685a8: 0x7f 0x08 0x00 0x71 0xab 0x09 0x00 0x54 0x40 0x10 0x41 0xa9 0xe5 0x03 0x5d 0xb2

Top of stack (sp=0x000000016b7ed3a0):

0x000000016b7ed380: 0x000000030289c1c8 0x000000000289c1c8 0x000000016b7ed9b0 0x0000000104e684b8

0x000000016b7ed3a0: 0x0000000000000000 0x14189c02266d00f2 0x000000000000032b 0x000000030289c1c8

0x000000016b7ed3c0: 0x000000016b7ed9b0 0x0000000104e10698 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000

0x000000016b7ed3e0: 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x000000030289c1c8

0x000000016b7ed400: 0x00000003025e3858 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000104e10628 0x000000016b7ed3d0

0x000000016b7ed420: 0x0000000000000000 0x0000007400000065 0x00000000720d9b1c 0x0000000100000000

0x000000016b7ed440: 0x000000016b7ed9b0 0x0000000104e11ae0 0x34e63b4167e12cdf 0x0000000000000000

0x000000016b7ed460: 0x000000016b7ed9b0 0x00000001062fd288 0x0000000000000009 0x00000003011b8970

0x000000016b7ed480: 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x000000016b7ed9b0 0x00000001067c8b40

0x000000016b7ed4a0: 0x000000018133a000 0x000000016b7ed868 0x000000016b7ed868 0x0000000000000001

0x000000016b7ed4c0: 0x000000000000032b 0x00000003011b8970 0x0000000304d01030 0x000000000000002e

0x000000016b7ed4e0: 0x000000016b7ed9b0 0x00000001067c8a94 0x000000016b7ed408 0x0000000000000010

0x000000016b7ed500: 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000300000000 0x0000000304d01030 0x00000003011b8970

0x000000016b7ed520: 0x000000016b7ed9b0 0x000000010630da54 0x0000000000000004 0x0000000302727830

0x000000016b7ed540: 0x0000000300724598 0x0000000304d01028 0x000000016b7ed9b0 0x0000000104d6a694

0x000000016b7ed560: 0x000000016b7ed9b0 0x0000000000000000 0x000000016b7ed9b0 0x00000003022dd5b8

0x000000016b7ed580: 0x000000016b7ed9b0 0x0000000104dc68ec 0x0000000000000001 0x00000003011c03b0

VM thread locals for the failing thread 0x0000000134a04fc0:

0: JNIThreadLocalEnvironment.jniFunctions = (bytes) 0x000000030187a810

8: StackOverflowCheckImpl.stackBoundaryTL = (Word) 0x0000000000000001 (1)

16: Safepoint.safepointRequested = (int) 0x7fff8758 (2147452760)

20: StatusSupport.statusTL = (int) 0x00000001 (1)

24: ThreadLocalAllocation.regularTLAB = (bytes)

0x0000000134a04fd8: 0x0000000304d00000 0x0000000304d80000

0x0000000134a04fe8: 0x0000000304d01040 0x0000000000000000

56: JavaFrameAnchors.lastAnchor = (Word) 0x0000000000000000 (0)

64: JavaThreads.currentVThreadId = (long) 0x0000000000000001 (1)

72: PlatformThreads.currentThread = (Object) 0x00000003021e8340

is an object of type java.lang.Thread

80: SubstrateDiagnostics.threadOnlyAttachedForCrashHandler = (bytes) 0x0000000000000000

88: ThreadLocalAllocation.allocatedBytes = (Word) 0x0000000000000000 (0)

96: VMThreads.IsolateTL = (Word) 0x0000000300000000 (12884901888)

104: VMThreads.OSThreadHandleTL = (Word) 0x00000001e67cf640 (8161916480)

112: VMThreads.OSThreadIdTL = (Word) 0x0000000000000103 (259)

120: VMThreads.StackBase = (Word) 0x000000016b7f0000 (6098452480)

128: VMThreads.StackEnd = (Word) 0x000000016aff4000 (6090080256)

136: VMThreads.StartedByCurrentIsolate = (bytes) 0x0000000000000000

144: VMThreads.nextTL = (Word) 0x0000000000000000 (0)

152: VMThreads.unalignedIsolateThreadMemoryTL = (Word) 0x0000000134a04fb0 (5177888688)

160: ExceptionUnwind.currentException = (Object) 0x0000000000000000

164: JNIObjectHandles.handles = (Object) 0x0000000304d00960

is an object of type com.oracle.svm.core.handles.ThreadLocalHandles

168: JNIThreadLocalPendingException.pendingException = (Object) 0x0000000000000000

172: JNIThreadLocalReferencedObjects.referencedObjectsListHead = (Object) 0x0000000000000000

176: JNIThreadOwnedMonitors.ownedMonitors = (Object) 0x0000000000000000

180: NoAllocationVerifier.openVerifiers = (Object) 0x0000000000000000

184: RecurringCallbackTimer.exception = (Object) 0x0000000000000000

188: ThreadingSupportImpl.activeTimer = (Object) 0x0000000000000000

192: ActionOnTransitionToJavaSupport.actionTL = (int) 0x00000000 (0)

196: ImplicitExceptions.implicitExceptionsAreFatal = (int) 0x00000000 (0)

200: Safepoint.suspended = (int) 0x00000000 (0)

204: StackOverflowCheckImpl.yellowZoneStateTL = (int) 0x7efefefe (2130640638)

208: StatusSupport.safepointBehaviorTL = (int) 0x00000001 (1)

212: ThreadingSupportImpl.currentPauseDepth = (int) 0x00000000 (0)
Java frame anchors for the failing thread 0x0000000134a04fc0:

No anchors
Stacktrace for the failing thread 0x0000000134a04fc0 (A=AOT compiled, J=JIT compiled, D=deoptimized, i=inlined):

i  SP 0x000000016b7ed3a0 IP 0x0000000104e684b8 size=48    com.oracle.svm.core.jdk.VMErrorSubstitutions.shutdown(VMErrorSubstitutions.java:146)

i  SP 0x000000016b7ed3a0 IP 0x0000000104e684b8 size=48    com.oracle.svm.core.jdk.VMErrorSubstitutions.shouldNotReachHere(VMErrorSubstitutions.java:139)

A  SP 0x000000016b7ed3a0 IP 0x0000000104e684b8 size=48    com.oracle.svm.core.util.VMError.shouldNotReachHere(VMError.java:90)

A  SP 0x000000016b7ed3d0 IP 0x0000000104e10698 size=128   com.oracle.svm.core.posix.Util_jdk_internal_misc_Signal.ensureInitialized(SunMiscSubstitutions.java:187)

A  SP 0x000000016b7ed450 IP 0x0000000104e11ae0 size=80    com.oracle.svm.core.posix.Util_jdk_internal_misc_Signal.numberFromName(SunMiscSubstitutions.java:234)

i  SP 0x000000016b7ed4a0 IP 0x00000001067c8b40 size=80    jdk.internal.misc.Signal.findSignal0(Signal.java:65)

A  SP 0x000000016b7ed4a0 IP 0x00000001067c8b40 size=80    jdk.internal.misc.Signal.(Signal.java:145)

A  SP 0x000000016b7ed4f0 IP 0x00000001067c8a94 size=64    com.oracle.svm.core.code.FactoryMethodHolder.Signal_5TUKMCDf3wAygDyOPX6zt2(FactoryMethodHolder.java:0)

A  SP 0x000000016b7ed530 IP 0x000000010630da54 size=48    java.lang.Terminator.setup(Terminator.java:59)

A  SP 0x000000016b7ed560 IP 0x0000000104d6a694 size=48    com.oracle.svm.core.SubstrateExitHandlerStartupHook.execute(SubstrateExitHandlerFeature.java:47)

A  SP 0x000000016b7ed590 IP 0x0000000104dc68ec size=64    com.oracle.svm.core.jdk.RuntimeSupport.executeHooks(RuntimeSupport.java:169)

A  SP 0x000000016b7ed5d0 IP 0x0000000104dc638c size=48    com.oracle.svm.core.jdk.RuntimeSupport.initialize(RuntimeSupport.java:100)

i  SP 0x000000016b7ed600 IP 0x0000000104d64e78 size=48    org.graalvm.nativeimage.VMRuntime.initialize(VMRuntime.java:65)

A  SP 0x000000016b7ed600 IP 0x0000000104d64e78 size=48    com.oracle.svm.core.JavaMainWrapper.runCore0(JavaMainWrapper.java:216)

i  SP 0x000000016b7ed630 IP 0x0000000104d64ce4 size=64    com.oracle.svm.core.JavaMainWrapper.runCore(JavaMainWrapper.java:201)

A  SP 0x000000016b7ed630 IP 0x0000000104d64ce4 size=64    com.oracle.svm.core.JavaMainWrapper.doRun(JavaMainWrapper.java:299)

i  SP 0x000000016b7ed670 IP 0x0000000104d862ac size=272   com.oracle.svm.core.JavaMainWrapper.run(JavaMainWrapper.java:284)

A  SP 0x000000016b7ed670 IP 0x0000000104d862ac size=272   com.oracle.svm.core.code.IsolateEnterStub.JavaMainWrapper_run_XNhh1mz2Ib2aPR1wdv014D(IsolateEnterStub.java:0)
Threads:

0x0000000134904080 STATUS_IN_NATIVE (ALLOW_SAFEPOINT) "Reference Handler" - 0x00000003021e81d8, daemon, stack(0x000000016b7f4000,0x000000016b877000)

0x0000000134a04fc0 STATUS_IN_JAVA (PREVENT_VM_FROM_REACHING_SAFEPOINT) "main" - 0x00000003021e8340, stack(0x000000016aff4000,0x000000016b7f0000)
No VMOperation in progress
The 30 most recent VM operation status changes:
VM mutexes:

mutex "RealLog.backTracePrinterMutex" is unlocked.

mutex "freeList" is unlocked.

mutex "mainVMOperationControlWorkQueue" is unlocked.

mutex "referencePendingList" is unlocked.

mutex "thread" is unlocked.
Build time information:

Version: 23+37, serial gc, compressed references

Platform: darwin/aarch64

Page size: 65536

Container support: true

CPU features used for AOT compiled code: FP, ASIMD
Runtime information:

CPU cores (container): unknown

CPU cores (OS): 12

Memory: 98304M

Page size: 16384

VM uptime: 0.006s

Current timestamp: 1729731380147

AOT compiled code: 0x0000000104614000 - 0x00000001075a673f
Command line: '--help'
Heap settings and statistics:

Supports isolates: true

Heap base: 0x0000000300000000

Object reference size: 4

Reserved object header bits: 0b11111

Aligned chunk size: 524288

Large array threshold: 131072

Incremental collections: 0

Complete collections: 0
Heap usage:

Eden: 1.00M (0.00M in 0 aligned chunks, 0.00M in 0 unaligned chunks)

Old: 0.00M (0.00M in 0 aligned chunks, 0.00M in 0 unaligned chunks)
Native image heap boundaries:

ReadOnly: 0x0000000300080830 - 0x0000000301878fc8

ReadOnly Relocatables: 0x0000000301878fc8 - 0x0000000301fcd980

Writable: 0x0000000301fcd980 - 0x0000000302a5b4e8

Writable Huge: 0x0000000302a80038 - 0x0000000302d73740

ReadOnly Huge: 0x0000000302d73778 - 0x0000000304cb85e8
Heap chunks: E=eden, S=survivor, O=old, F=free; A=aligned chunk, U=unaligned chunk; T=to space
Fatal error: Util_jdk_internal_misc_Signal.ensureInitialized: CSunMiscSignal.open() failed.

[sgammon]

@oubidar-Abderrahim After re-creating the above, I haven't been able to reproduce this issue. Our stacktrace shows a clear source of the error within signal handling code, I can provide that if helpful

[mikehearn]

@sgammon What's printed in Console.app at the time the crash happens? Are there any lines from the kernel?

[oubidar-Abderrahim]

@sgammon Can you confirm that you cannot reproduce the issue using Oracle GraalVM 23.0.1?

[sgammon]

@mikehearn I have not been able to reproduce just yet, so now I'm worried it's something specific to our code. But we aren't doing any signal handling stuff, so I can't see how that would be the case.

@oubidar-Abderrahim When this error surfaced, it surfaced at the latest version of GraalVM. I am trying to find a minimal reproducer.

[oubidar-Abderrahim]

I'll close this issue for now, if you can have a minimal reproducer with the latest GraalVM, please create a new issue and will take it from there. Thank you