Building steps on WSL2/Win11 (Ubuntu 22.04) #47
Description
经过一些尝试可以在 qemu 上运行 hello。
记录一下对应的修改。
待整理并优化、去除不必要的步骤后，可以添加到现有的文档中。
安装 riscv 工具链
参考文档：编译工具链 toolchains - XiangShan 官方文档
- 按照文档中的说明安装工具链，这里选择
riscv32-elf-ubuntu-22.04-gcc-nightly-2024.12.16-nightly.tar.xz- 这里选择最新的版本 2024.12.16
- 需要 riscv64 或其他 ubuntu 版本注意自行选择
下载并安装
## 新建工具链所在文件夹
mkdir ~/riscv/
cd ~/riscv/
## 下载工具链
wget https://mirror.iscas.ac.cn/riscv-toolchains/release/riscv-collab/riscv-gnu-toolchain/Nightly%3A%20December%2016%2C%202024/riscv32-elf-ubuntu-22.04-gcc-nightly-2024.12.16-nightly.tar.xz
# wget https://mirror.iscas.ac.cn/riscv-toolchains/release/riscv-collab/riscv-gnu-toolchain/Nightly%3A%20December%2016%2C%202024/riscv64-elf-ubuntu-22.04-gcc-nightly-2024.12.16-nightly.tar.xz
## 解压
tar xvf riscv32-elf-ubuntu-22.04-gcc-nightly-2024.12.16-nightly.tar.xz -C riscv/
# tar xvf riscv64-elf-ubuntu-22.04-gcc-nightly-2024.12.16-nightly.tar.xz -C riscv/
## 重命名工具链名称。可以实现 rv32/64 共存
mv riscv riscv32
# mv riscv riscv64验证工具链安装
~$ cd ~/riscv/riscv32/
~/riscv/riscv32$ ls
bin include lib libexec riscv32-unknown-elf share
~/riscv/riscv32$ pwd
/home/cyhan/riscv/riscv32
# 记下 pwd 的输出，稍后使用添加到环境变量中
修改 ~/.bashrc
如使用 vim: vim ~/.bashrc
在末尾或合适的地方添加以下行：
# riscv
export PATH=:/home/cyhan/riscv/riscv32/bin:${PATH}
# export PATH=:/home/cyhan/riscv/riscv64/bin:${PATH}:wq 保存并退出；
source ~/.bashrc 加载修改
验证工具链安装
~$ riscv32-unknown-elf- # 按 TAB 键补全可选项
riscv32-unknown-elf-addr2line riscv32-unknown-elf-g++ riscv32-unknown-elf-gcov-dump riscv32-unknown-elf-lto-dump riscv32-unknown-elf-size
riscv32-unknown-elf-ar riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc riscv32-unknown-elf-gcov-tool riscv32-unknown-elf-nm riscv32-unknown-elf-strings
riscv32-unknown-elf-as riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc-14.2.0 riscv32-unknown-elf-gdb riscv32-unknown-elf-objcopy riscv32-unknown-elf-strip
riscv32-unknown-elf-c++ riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc-ar riscv32-unknown-elf-gdb-add-index riscv32-unknown-elf-objdump
riscv32-unknown-elf-c++filt riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc-nm riscv32-unknown-elf-gprof riscv32-unknown-elf-ranlib
riscv32-unknown-elf-cpp riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc-ranlib riscv32-unknown-elf-ld riscv32-unknown-elf-readelf
riscv32-unknown-elf-elfedit riscv32-unknown-elf-gcov riscv32-unknown-elf-ld.bfd riscv32-unknown-elf-run
~$ riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc --version
riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc () 14.2.0
Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.安装 qemu
使用系统自带的 qemu （版本较老，但够用）
sudo apt update
sudo apt install qemu-system-riscv32验证安装：
~$ qemu-system-riscv32 --version
QEMU emulator version 6.2.0 (Debian 1:6.2+dfsg-2ubuntu6.24)
Copyright (c) 2003-2021 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers编译项目
patchs
toolchains/riscv32-unknown-elf.lua
diff --git a/toolchains/riscv32-unknown-elf.lua b/toolchains/riscv32-unknown-elf.lua
index b5ef32a..3a00b1a 100644
--- a/toolchains/riscv32-unknown-elf.lua
+++ b/toolchains/riscv32-unknown-elf.lua
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-PATH = "D:\\My\\plugin\\riscv32-gnu-toolchain-win"
-BINDIR =PATH.."\\bin"
+PATH = "/home/cyhan/riscv/riscv32"
+BINDIR =PATH.."/bin"
PREFIX = "riscv32-unknown-elf-"
TOOLCHAIN_NAME = "riscv32-unknown-elf"xscript/qemu-board-config.lua
- 这里加入
-mfloat-abi=softfp:
是为了解决报错：libgcc.a(_ffssi2.o): can't link double-float modules with soft-float modules
参考：linux - can't link double-float modules with soft-float modules riscv compiler - Stack Overflow
diff --git a/xscript/qemu-board-config.lua b/xscript/qemu-board-config.lua
index 326f3ea..4965f0e 100644
--- a/xscript/qemu-board-config.lua
+++ b/xscript/qemu-board-config.lua
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ local testcase_config = {
crt = "riscv",
envs = {
DEFINE = " ",
- DEVICE = " -mcmodel=medany -mstrict-align -march=rv32imac -mabi=ilp32",
+ DEVICE = " -mcmodel=medany -mstrict-align -march=rv32imac -mabi=ilp32 -mfloat-abi=softfp",
DEBUG = " -gdwarf-2 "
},
flags = {xscript/mlibc-config.lua
- 这里如果指定
-mfloat-abi会报错
diff --git a/xscript/mlibc-config.lua b/xscript/mlibc-config.lua
index 878d292..2a9616a 100644
--- a/xscript/mlibc-config.lua
+++ b/xscript/mlibc-config.lua
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ local mlibc_config = {
["riscv32"] = {
target = "riscv32",
toolchain = "riscv32-unknown-elf",
- arch_flags = " -mcmodel=medany -march=rv32imac ",
+ arch_flags = " -mcmodel=medany -march=rv32imac -mabi=ilp32",
define_flags = " "
}
}编译
# 配置工具链
# 注意这里不能省略后面的 config 选项，不然默认使用 arm 工具链，然后提示找不到工具链
xmake f -p cross --toolchain=riscv32-unknown-elf --crt-arch=riscv32 --mlibc-arch=riscv32 --qemu-board=qemu-virt-riscv32
# 编译
xmake
xmake build mlibc
xmake build crt0运行 hello
# 进入文件夹
cd helloworld/qemu/qemu-virt-riscv32新建 qemu.sh (实际上是复制了 qemu.bat)
qemu-system-riscv32 -machine virt -nographic -m 256M \
-kernel qemu-virt-riscv32.elf -device virtio-serial-device直接运行提示缺少固件（有点怀疑是 qemu 的问题）
$ ./qemu.sh
qemu-system-riscv32: Unable to load the RISC-V firmware "opensbi-riscv32-generic-fw_dynamic.bin"
下载固件
$ curl -LO https://github.com/qemu/qemu/raw/v6.2.0/pc-bios/opensbi-riscv32-generic-fw_dynamic.bin
再次运行成功。这里最后是个死循环，会一直卡着（按 Ctrl + a；然后按 x 键，退出 qemu）。
$ ./qemu.sh
OpenSBI v0.9
____ _____ ____ _____
/ __ \ / ____| _ \_ _|
| | | |_ __ ___ _ __ | (___ | |_) || |
| | | | '_ \ / _ \ '_ \ \___ \| _ < | |
| |__| | |_) | __/ | | |____) | |_) || |_
\____/| .__/ \___|_| |_|_____/|____/_____|
| |
|_|
Platform Name : riscv-virtio,qemu
Platform Features : timer,mfdeleg
Platform HART Count : 1
Firmware Base : 0x80000000
Firmware Size : 100 KB
Runtime SBI Version : 0.2
Domain0 Name : root
Domain0 Boot HART : 0
Domain0 HARTs : 0*
Domain0 Region00 : 0x80000000-0x8001ffff ()
Domain0 Region01 : 0x00000000-0xffffffff (R,W,X)
Domain0 Next Address : 0x80200000
Domain0 Next Arg1 : 0x8f000000
Domain0 Next Mode : S-mode
Domain0 SysReset : yes
Boot HART ID : 0
Boot HART Domain : root
Boot HART ISA : rv32imafdcsu
Boot HART Features : scounteren,mcounteren,time
Boot HART PMP Count : 16
Boot HART PMP Granularity : 4
Boot HART PMP Address Bits: 32
Boot HART MHPM Count : 0
Boot HART MHPM Count : 0
Boot HART MIDELEG : 0x00000222
Boot HART MEDELEG : 0x0000b109
Uart Test
Hello mlibc