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Using plugins

Bolt supports the use of plugins to dynamically load information during a Bolt run and change how Bolt executes certain actions. Bolt ships with some plugins, but you can also create your own plugins or install plugins created by other users.

There are three types of plugins that you can use with Bolt:

  • Reference plugins: Use to fetch data from an external source and store it in a static data object.
  • Secret plugins: Use to create keys for encryption and decryption, to encrypt plaintext, or to decrypt ciphertext.
  • Puppet library plugins: Use to install Puppet libraries on a target when a plan calls the apply_prep function.

Reference plugins

Reference plugins fetch data from an external source and store it in a static data object. You can use reference plugins to dynamically load information into a configuration file or inventory file, or to load information for use in a plan.

For example, you might use a reference plugin to prompt a user to enter a password, or query AWS for a list of targets to populate the inventory with.

Using reference plugins in configuration and inventory files

You can use reference plugins in configuration and inventory files. For example, you can use plugins to dynamically load sensitive information or to generate lists of targets.

To use a reference plugin in a configuration or inventory file, add an object with a _plugin key where you want to use the plugin. The _plugin key accepts the name of the plugin that you are using. You can also include additional keys that correspond to the parameters that the plugin accepts.

For example, if you wanted to prompt for a password that is used to authenticate with targets, you could use the supported prompt plugin in your configuration file:

# bolt-defaults.yaml
inventory-config:
  ssh:
    password:
      _plugin: prompt
      message: Enter SSH password

You can also use reference plugins to generate lists of targets in an inventory file. For example, you can generate a list of targets from a Terraform state file using the supported terraform plugin:

# inventory.yaml
groups:
  - name: terraform
    targets:
      _plugin: terraform
      dir: /Users/bolt/terraform/project
      resource_type: aws_instance.web
      target_mapping:
        uri: public_ip

Whenever a plugin is used in a configuration or inventory file, it must return a valid value for the field it is being used with. For example, because the targets field of an inventory file expects an array, a plugin under the targets field of an inventory file must return an array.

Reference plugins are resolved only as needed. In configuration files, all reference plugins are resolved as as soon as Bolt loads the file. In inventory files, reference plugins under the groups and targets keys are resolved as soon as the inventory file is loaded, whereas reference plugins under data keys such as config or facts are resolved once Bolt starts running an action on that target.

While plugins are supported for configuration files, they're disabled for some settings. You can see which options are available on configuration references pages for bolt-project.yaml and bolt-defaults.yaml. If you'd like another setting to have plugins enabled, let us know in #bolt in slack or by making an issue.

📖 Related information

Using reference plugins in plans

You can use reference plugins in plans. For example, if your plan launches new Azure VMs, you can use a reference plugin to fetch a list of the new instances for use in your plan.

To use a reference plugin in a plan, call the resolve_references plan function. This function accepts a single argument: a hash of reference data to resolve. The hash is identical in structure to how you would use a reference plugin in a configuration or inventory file, and can include multiple reference plugins. When the resolve_references function is called, it resolves all of the plugin references in the hash, returning a hash of resolved data.

For example, to use the env_var reference plugin in a plan to retrieve a value from an environment variable, you would call the resolve_references plan function like this:

$references = {
  "value" => {
    "_plugin" => "env_var",
    "var"     => "BOLT_PASSWORD"
  }
}

$resolved = resolve_references($references)

If you wanted to use the terraform reference plugin in a plan to generate a list of targets from a Terraform state file, you would call the resolve_references function like this:

$references = {
  "targets" => [
    "_plugin"        => "terraform",
    "dir"            => "/Users/bolt/terraform/project",
    "resource_type"  => "aws_instance.web",
    "target_mapping" => {
      "uri" => "public_ip"
    }
  ]
}

$resolved = resolve_references($references)

📖 Related information

Secret plugins

Use secret plugins to create keys for encryption and decryption, to encrypt plaintext, or to decrypt ciphertext. Bolt uses secret plugins as part of the bolt secret * commands and *-BoltSecret cmdlets.

By default, Bolt is configured to use the bundled pkcs7 secret plugins. However, you can specify a different secret plugin for Bolt to use with the plugin command-line option. For example, to use an alternative secret plugin to encrypt a plaintext value, you would run the following command:

  • *nix shell command

    bolt secret encrypt '$ecretP@$$word!' --plugin <plugin name>

  • PowerShell cmdlet

    Protect-BoltSecret -Text '$ecretP@$$word!' -Plugin <plugin name>

Puppet library plugins

Puppet library plugins install Puppet libraries on a target when a plan calls the apply_prep function. Bolt is configured to use the puppet_agent::install task as the default Puppet library plugin. However, you can configure Bolt to use another plugin instead.

To configure Bolt to use a specific Puppet library plugin, configure the puppet_library plugin hook under the plugin-hooks key in a configuration file. The puppet_library plugin hook accepts one of two different plugins. The puppet_agent plugin is the default plugin that Bolt is configured to use, while task can be used to specify a task to run as a plugin.

# bolt-defaults.yaml
plugin-hooks:
  puppet_library:
    plugin: task
    task: <plugin name>

The following example demonstrates using the package task as a puppet_library plugin to install the Puppet Agent directly via the package manager without setting up a repository (as is default with the puppet_agent::install task).

plugin-hooks:
  puppet_library:
    plugin: task
    task: package
    parameters:
      name: puppet-agent
      action: install

NOTE: If you are configuring plugin hooks in an inventory file, you must use plugin_hooks instead of plugin-hooks. For more information, see the inventory.yaml reference.

Configuring plugins

Plugins that accept parameters can be configured in Bolt's configuration files. Each time Bolt uses a plugin, it will use this configuration as default values for the plugin.

Configure plugins when you need to use a consistent parameter value across multiple plugin uses. For example, if a reference plugin accepts a password parameter to authenticate with a service, you might want to configure the plugin to always use the same password so you don't need to specify it each time you use the plugin.

To configure a plugin, specify the name of the plugin under the plugins key of a configuration file. Each plugin accepts a hash of parameters and values for the parameters. For example, the following configuration file changes where the pkcs7 plugin looks for a private key:

# bolt-project.yaml
plugins:
  pkcs7:
    private_key: /Users/bolt/keys/private_key.pem

You can also use plugins to configure other plugins. For example, you can configure the vault plugin to use the prompt plugin to prompt for a password:

# bolt-project.yaml
plugins:
  vault:
    auth:
      method: userpass
      user: Developer
      password:
        _plugin: prompt
        message: Enter your Vault password

📖 Related information