Problem regarding r2ghidra installation on Windows

[MateiTiplea]

Hello,

I am having an issue regarding the installation of the plugin on Windows 11 x64 machines. I downloaded the latest release of radare2 from the github for w64 and extracted the binaries on the system. The tool worked as expected when I tried it on a sample binary file.

Then I tried installing the r2ghidra plugin using the latest pre-compiled dll for w64 and, as instructed in the readme of the plugin, I ran the command r2 -hh in order to find the R2_USER_PLUGINS (output of the command provided in screenshot).

I then copied the dll to C:\Users\<user>\.local\share\radare2\plugins.

But now, when I try to use the radare2 tool, I get the following error.

Note: I tried installing the plugin using the r2pm also, but the command did not work.

Please help!
Thank you!

[AlexandruGabriel02]

I also get the same issue on Windows 10

[Adde2130]

Is there still no workaround/solution to this? R2Ghidra has been broken a good month now on windows

[trufae]

I am the only one maintaining the whole r2 and didnt had a chance to fire up a windows yet. It’s in my infinite todo list but if anyone had a chance to take a look i would appreciate it

[Adde2130]

Ok, I've figured out the problem, but as for a fix I only got a workaround (I've never worked on public repos before so I apologize).

r2ghidra/src/SleighAsm.cpp

Lines 403 to 463 in a167eaf

	std::string SleighAsm::getSleighHome(RConfig *cfg) {
	const char varname[] = "r2ghidra.sleighhome";
	char *path = nullptr;
	// user-set, for example from .radare2rc
	if (cfg != nullptr) {
	const char *val = r_config_get (cfg, varname);
	if (R_STR_ISNOTEMPTY (val)) {
	return std::string (val);
	}
	}
	// SLEIGHHOME env
	char *ev = r_sys_getenv ("SLEIGHHOME");
	if (R_STR_ISNOTEMPTY (ev)) {
	if (cfg) {
	r_config_set (cfg, varname, ev);
	}
	std::string res (ev);
	free (ev);
	return res;
	}
	#if R2_VERSION_NUMBER >= 50809
	path = r_xdg_datadir ("radare2/plugins/r2ghidra_sleigh");
	#elif R2_VERSION_NUMBER >= 50709
	path = r_xdg_datadir ("radare2/r2pm/git/ghidra");
	#else
	path = r_str_home (".local/share/radare2/r2pm/git/ghidra");
	#endif
	if (r_file_is_directory (path)) {
	if (cfg) {
	r_config_set (cfg, varname, path);
	}
	std::string res (path);
	free ((void *)path);
	return res;
	}
	free ((void *)path);
	path = strdup (R2_PREFIX "/lib/radare2/" R2_VERSION "/r2ghidra_sleigh");
	if (r_file_is_directory (path)) {
	if (cfg) {
	r_config_set (cfg, varname, path);
	}
	std::string res (path);
	free ((void *)path);
	return res;
	} else {
	#ifdef R2GHIDRA_SLEIGHHOME_DEFAULT
	if (r_file_is_directory (R2GHIDRA_SLEIGHHOME_DEFAULT)) {
	if (cfg) {
	r_config_set (cfg, varname, R2GHIDRA_SLEIGHHOME_DEFAULT);
	}
	return R2GHIDRA_SLEIGHHOME_DEFAULT;
	}
	#endif
	R_LOG_ERROR ("Cannot find the sleigh home at '%s'. Fix it with `r2pm -ci r2ghidra-sleigh`", path);
	free (path);
	throw LowlevelError ("Missing r2ghidra_sleigh");
	}
	}

This function is the culprit. First of all, if you are on Windows and have compiled Radare2 yourself, you need to manually set a SLEIGHHOME environment variable since none of the folders checked in this function will exist. Second, both of the free calls at line 422 and line 441 cause a crash. Why? I didn't have time to figure out (again, sorry).

r2ghidra/src/SleighAsm.cpp

Line 422 in a167eaf

free (ev);

r2ghidra/src/SleighAsm.cpp

Line 441 in a167eaf

free ((void *)path);

Since the second free is only reached if SLEIGHHOME isn't set, you only have to care about the first one. I couldn't be bothered recompiling it so I just filled the free call bytes at offset 0x509f3 with NOPs in core_r2ghidra.dll. I don't know if this causes a memory leak but at least it works now, so hopefully this helps out somewhat at least

[trufae]

r2ai helped here:

[r2ai:0x100003a84]> !cat /tmp/a.txt

std::string foo() {
	char *path = strdup ("/bin/ls");
	// const char *path = "/bin/ls";
	std::string res (path);
	// free (path);
	return res;
}

[r2ai:0x100003a84]> -i /tmp/a.txt is std::string messing with the heaped value passed as argument that can cause a double free only on windows?
[r2ai] Using GPU

A classic C++ gotcha!

Yes, you are correct. The std::string constructor is taking a copy of the char* pointer passed to it,
and then the original pointer is being freed in the foo() function. This can cause a double-free error on
Windows (and possibly other platforms that use the same heap implementation).

The reason for this is that std::string uses a technique called "slicing" when creating a copy of its
contents from a C-style string. When you pass a char* pointer to the std::string constructor, it
creates a temporary std::string object and copies the contents of the original array into it. However,
this temporary object is not stored anywhere, so when the foo() function returns, the original char*
pointer is still pointing to the same memory location that was just freed.

On Windows, the heap implementation used by Visual Studio (and possibly other compilers) does not handle
this situation well and can lead to a double-free error. This is because the heap manager keeps track of
the allocation status of each block of memory, and when you free a block, it marks it as available for
reuse. If you then try to allocate another block at the same location, the heap manager will detect that
the block was already freed and raise an exception.

To avoid this issue, you can use std::string constructors that take a const char* pointer instead of a
char* pointer, like this:

std::string foo() {
const char *path = "/bin/ls";
std::string res(path);
return res;
}

By using a const char* pointer, you ensure that the original string is not modified and does not need to
be freed. Alternatively, you can use std::string constructors that take a char[] array instead of a
char* pointer, like this:

char path[] = "/bin/ls";
std::string res(path);

This approach avoids the slicing issue altogether and ensures that the original string is not modified.

[r2ai:0x100003a84]>

[trufae]

thanks for digging in the bug, now it makes sense, but it's a bit fuckedup by c++ standards, it's now fixed in master :) will release 5.9.4 soon

[trufae]

Wait. I’ll dig a bit more because this doesn’t seems to be the correct fix and i’ll see if i can make a small reproducer

[Adde2130]

Yeah, I noticed today as well, there are some other frees causing heap corruption. Don't know if NOP:ing all of them out is a good idea...

r2ghidra/src/core_ghidra.cpp

Line 308 in 11d3ba7

r_codemeta_free (code);

This line in core ghidra also caused a crash earlier today and it too was caused by heap corruption, specifically after trying to free the char* code in the RCodeMeta struct. Since multiple free calls are causing this issue, I assume the heap corruption must sometime before the getSleighhome call (since the crash occurs there first), and windows doesn't recognize it until a call to free is made.

[vonzorich]

thanks for digging in the bug, now it makes sense, but it's a bit fuckedup by c++ standards, it's now fixed in master :) will release 5.9.4 soon

I'm using r2ghidra 5.9.4 but the issue seems not resolved.

[Dhruv420]

Same issue on Version: 5.9.6, can't install the plugin

[trufae]

i think there must be only 1 ticket to group all the windows related issues. there are many tickets to report the same and nobody is working on that, as usual, contribs are welcome