[v24.1.x] kafka: oversized alloc in list_offsets_topic

[vbotbuildovich]

Backport #23792 to branch v24.1.x. Note that this issue was created as a placeholder, since the original PR's commit(s) could not be automatically cherry-picked.
Here are the commands to execute:

git checkout v24.1.x
git checkout -b vbotbuildovich/backport-23792-v24.1.x-727
git cherry-pick -x 32aa4fbf00 efde79aca3

git push origin vbotbuildovich/backport-23792-v24.1.x-727
gh pr create \
  --title "[v24.1.x] kafka: oversized alloc in list_offsets_topic" \
  --base "v24.1.x" \
  --label "kind/backport" \
  --head "vbotbuildovich/backport-23792-v24.1.x-727" \
  --draft \
  --repo "redpanda-data/redpanda" \
  --milestone "v24.1.x-next" \
  --body "Backport of PR https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda/pull/23792 "