Rustic crashes, when reading from /proc, on Android/Termux

[vmlemon]

Out of curiosity, I tried to run the latest ARM64 release of Rustic, inside an Ubuntu chroot, on my Android phone.

It seems that I was able to create an archive, in an existing Restic repository, without issues,
but when I attempted to add /proc, as a stress test (/proc/kcore usually either ends up being read, for a very long time, or gets handled in an optimised manner, given its size, by various tools).

Version information, for Ubuntu, and Android Linux kernel:

root@localhost:~# cat /etc/lsb-release                                     
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu                                                          
DISTRIB_RELEASE=22.04                                                      
DISTRIB_CODENAME=jammy                                                     
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS"                                  

 root@localhost:~# uname -a                                                 Linux localhost 5.10.177-android12-9-27763393-abS901BXXU8DXD6 rustic-rs/rustic#1 SMP PREEMPT Fri Apr 5 16:00:39 KST 2024 aarch64 aarch64 aarch64 GNU/Linux

Attaching the report file generated, after processing about 100GB of data, before it crashed:
report-55e94011-5b01-4ad7-8dd1-bd92a4cb3c65.toml.gz

[nardoor]

Hello,

First of all, thanks for using rustic and for reporting this bug.

A first look at the report file shows a panic inside std::io which makes me think (without being certain) that the bug that happened is outside of rustic's range.

[chenxiaolong]

Out of curiosity, I tried backing up /proc on my Android device (Pixel 9 Pro XL running kernel 6.1.115) using a debug build and encountered this panic:

The application panicked (crashed).
Message:  attempt to subtract with overflow
Location: /media/scratch/rustup/cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_core-0.7.1/src/chunker.rs:168

I haven't done any thorough investigation to see if this could lead to @vmlemon's panic in std, with how release builds make integer underflows wrap around. This could potentially be a different issue altogether.

In ChunkIter::next(), the amount of data read is subtracted from size_hint, which seems to be populated from the file size. This causes issues when backing up /proc because procfs reports the file size as 0 for most files.

Although backing up /proc has limited usefulness, I suppose the same issue could also be encountered when backing up a file that is growing (eg. due to ongoing writes from another program).

[aawsome]

Thanks a lot @chenxiaolong for your analysis. I'm not sure if this is the same problem as the original one, however I added a fix to that over/underflow problem in #378.

[vmlemon]

Thanks for looking into this. I managed to reproduce the issue, with a new repository, and was able to catch some output, using script, before the crash occurs:

ESC[0mESC[33m[WARN] ESC[0mignoring error generic Ignore error: `WithPath { path: "/proc/softirqs", err: Io(Custom { kind: PermissionDenied, error: Error { depth: 1, inner: Io { path: Some("/proc/softirqs"), err: Os { code: 13, kind: PermissionDenied, message: "Permission denied" } } } }) }`

ESC[0mESC[33m[WARN] ESC[0mignoring error generic Ignore error: `WithPath { path: "/proc/store_lastkmsg", err: Io(Custom { kind: PermissionDenied, error: Error { depth: 1, inner: Io { path: Some("/proc/store_lastkmsg"), err: Os { code: 13, kind: PermissionDenied, message: "Permission denied" } } } }) }`

ESC[0mESC[33m[WARN] ESC[0mignoring error generic Ignore error: `WithPath { path: "/proc/swaps", err: Io(Custom { kind: PermissionDenied, error: Error { depth: 1, inner: Io { path: Some("/proc/swaps"), err: Os { code: 13, kind: PermissionDenied, message: "Permission denied" } } } }) }`

ESC[1A^MESC[2KESC[1B^MESC[2KESC[1A[00:03:20] backing up...                  ESC[36m<E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88>
<E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88>
<E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88><E2><96><88>ESC[34mESC[0m
ESC[0m  94.09 GiB/430.98 KiB 472.72 MiB/s (ETA -)ESC[0mESC[33m[WARN] ESC[0mignoring error generic Ignore error: `WithPath { path: "/proc/sys/abi/cp15_barrier", err: Io(Custom { kind: PermissionDenied, error: Error { depth: 3, inner: Io { path: Some("/proc/sys/abi/cp15_barrier"), err: Os { code: 13, kind: PermissionDenied, message: "Permission denied" } } } }) }`

ESC[0mESC[33m[WARN] ESC[0mignoring error generic Ignore error: `WithPath { path: "/proc/sys/abi/setend", err: Io(Custom { kind: PermissionDenied, error: Error { depth: 3, inner: Io { path: Some("/proc/sys/abi/setend"), err: Os { code: 13, kind: PermissionDenied, message: "Permission denied" } } } }) }`

ESC[0mESC[33m[WARN] ESC[0mignoring error generic Ignore error: `WithPath { path: "/proc/sys/abi/sve_default_vector_lengt
h", err: Io(Custom { kind: PermissionDenied, error: Error { depth: 3, inner: Io { path: Some("/proc/sys/abi/sve_default_vector_length"), err: Os { code: 13, kind: PermissionDenied, message: "Permission denied" } } } }) }`

ESC[0mESC[33m[WARN] ESC[0mignoring error generic Ignore error: `WithPath { path: "/proc/sys/abi/swp", err: Io(Custom { kind: PermissionDenied, error: Error { depth: 3, inner: Io { path: Some("/proc/sys/abi/swp"), err: Os { code: 13, kind: PermissionDenied, message: "Permission denied" } } } }) }`

ESC[0mESC[33m[WARN] ESC[0mignoring error generic Ignore error: `WithPath { path: "/proc/sys/abi/tagged_addr_disabled", err: Io(Custom { kind: PermissionDenied, error: Error { depth: 3, inner: Io { path: Some("/proc/sys/abi/tagged_addr_disabled"), err: Os { code: 13, kind: PermissionDenied, message: "Permission denied" } } } }) }`

ESC[31mWell, this is embarrassing.

rustic-rs had a problem and crashed. To help us diagnose the problem you can send us a crash report.

We have generated a report file at "/tmp/report-12bb5e60-c3f4-45f1-9c66-5eaf6199f3a7.toml". Submit an issue or email with the subject of "rustic-rs Crash Report" and include the report as an attachment.

- Homepage: https://rustic.cli.rs/
- Authors: the rustic-rs team

We take privacy seriously, and do not perform any automated error collection. In order to improve the software, we rely on people to submit reports.

Thank you kindly!
ESC[0mAborted
# exit

Script done on 2024-12-02 22:13:36+00:00 [COMMAND_EXIT_CODE="134"]

Looks like the final overflow of data, is 94.09 GiB (the scanned amount claims to be 430.98 KiB), and there's quite a lot of PermissionDenied errors, prior to the crash.

Attaching that crash report, and the GNU script output, if it helps:

rustic_crash.txt.gz
report-12bb5e60-c3f4-45f1-9c66-5eaf6199f3a7.toml.gz

[vmlemon]

Out of curiosity, I tried backing up /proc on my Android device (Pixel 9 Pro XL running kernel 6.1.115) using a debug build and encountered this panic:

The application panicked (crashed).
Message:  attempt to subtract with overflow
Location: /media/scratch/rustup/cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_core-0.7.1/src/chunker.rs:168

I haven't done any thorough investigation to see if this could lead to @vmlemon's panic in std, with how release builds make integer underflows wrap around. This could potentially be a different issue altogether.

In ChunkIter::next(), the amount of data read is subtracted from size_hint, which seems to be populated from the file size. This causes issues when backing up /proc because procfs reports the file size as 0 for most files.

Although backing up /proc has limited usefulness, I suppose the same issue could also be encountered when backing up a file that is growing (eg. due to ongoing writes from another program).

Out of interest, are the debugging builds available, anywhere? Or, is it just a case of passing some flag, to the usual Cargo install command, to enable debug mode?

[aawsome]

Out of interest, are the debugging builds available, anywhere? Or, is it just a case of passing some flag, to the usual Cargo install command, to enable debug mode?

Just run cargo install --debug to get the debug mode. We however don't offer pre-build binaries with debug enabled...

[vmlemon]

Out of interest, are the debugging builds available, anywhere? Or, is it just a case of passing some flag, to the usual Cargo install command, to enable debug mode?

Just run cargo install --debug to get the debug mode. We however don't offer pre-build binaries with debug enabled...

Thanks. After installing cargo-1.8.0, and rustc-1.8.0, it appears that I can build most of the prerequisites, with the debug flag, but rustic_backend bails out, due to some sort of regression, or incompatibility:

   Compiling rustic_backend v0.4.2
error[E0053]: method `list` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/local.rs:160:38
    |
160 |     fn list(&self, tpe: FileType) -> Result<Vec<Id>> {
    |                                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |                                      |
    |                                      expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |                                      help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<Vec<rustic_core::Id>, Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&LocalBackend, rustic_core::FileType) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&LocalBackend, rustic_core::FileType) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `list_with_size` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/local.rs:193:48
    |
193 |     fn list_with_size(&self, tpe: FileType) -> Result<Vec<(Id, u32)>> {
    |                                                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |                                                |
    |                                                expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |                                                help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<Vec<(rustic_core::Id, u32)>, Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&LocalBackend, rustic_core::FileType) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&LocalBackend, rustic_core::FileType) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `read_full` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/local.rs:243:52
    |
243 |     fn read_full(&self, tpe: FileType, id: &Id) -> Result<Bytes> {
    |                                                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |                                                    |
    |                                                    expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |                                                    help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<bytes::Bytes, Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&LocalBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&LocalBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `read_partial` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/local.rs:278:10
    |
278 |     ) -> Result<Bytes> {
    |          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |          |
    |          expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |          help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<bytes::Bytes, Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&LocalBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _, _, _) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&LocalBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _, _, _) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `create` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/local.rs:305:25
    |
305 |     fn create(&self) -> Result<()> {
    |                         ^^^^^^^^^^
    |                         |
    |                         expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |                         help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<(), Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&LocalBackend) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&LocalBackend) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `write_bytes` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/local.rs:342:84
    |
342 |     fn write_bytes(&self, tpe: FileType, id: &Id, _cacheable: bool, buf: Bytes) -> Result<()> {
    |                                                                                    ^^^^^^^^^^
    |                                                                                    |
    |                                                                                    expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |                                                                                    help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<(), Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&LocalBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _, bytes::Bytes) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&LocalBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _, bytes::Bytes) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `remove` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/local.rs:382:67
    |
382 |     fn remove(&self, tpe: FileType, id: &Id, _cacheable: bool) -> Result<()> {
    |                                                                   ^^^^^^^^^^
    |                                                                   |
    |                                                                   expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |                                                                   help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<(), Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&LocalBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&LocalBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `list` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/opendal.rs:159:38
    |
159 |     fn list(&self, tpe: FileType) -> Result<Vec<Id>> {
    |                                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |                                      |
    |                                      expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |                                      help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<Vec<rustic_core::Id>, Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&OpenDALBackend, rustic_core::FileType) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&OpenDALBackend, rustic_core::FileType) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `list_with_size` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/opendal.rs:186:48
    |
186 |     fn list_with_size(&self, tpe: FileType) -> Result<Vec<(Id, u32)>> {
    |                                                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |                                                |
    |                                                expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |                                                help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<Vec<(rustic_core::Id, u32)>, Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&OpenDALBackend, rustic_core::FileType) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&OpenDALBackend, rustic_core::FileType) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `read_full` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/opendal.rs:211:52
    |
211 |     fn read_full(&self, tpe: FileType, id: &Id) -> Result<Bytes> {
    |                                                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |                                                    |
    |                                                    expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |                                                    help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<bytes::Bytes, Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&OpenDALBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&OpenDALBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `read_partial` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/opendal.rs:224:10
    |
224 |     ) -> Result<Bytes> {
    |          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |          |
    |          expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |          help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<bytes::Bytes, Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&OpenDALBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _, _, _) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&OpenDALBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _, _, _) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `create` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/opendal.rs:238:25
    |
238 |     fn create(&self) -> Result<()> {
    |                         ^^^^^^^^^^
    |                         |
    |                         expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |                         help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<(), Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&OpenDALBackend) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&OpenDALBackend) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `write_bytes` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/opendal.rs:267:84
    |
267 |     fn write_bytes(&self, tpe: FileType, id: &Id, _cacheable: bool, buf: Bytes) -> Result<()> {
    |                                                                                    ^^^^^^^^^^
    |                                                                                    |
    |                                                                                    expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |                                                                                    help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<(), Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&OpenDALBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _, bytes::Bytes) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&OpenDALBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _, bytes::Bytes) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `remove` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/opendal.rs:281:67
    |
281 |     fn remove(&self, tpe: FileType, id: &Id, _cacheable: bool) -> Result<()> {
    |                                                                   ^^^^^^^^^^
    |                                                                   |
    |                                                                   expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |                                                                   help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<(), Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&OpenDALBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&OpenDALBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `list_with_size` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/rclone.rs:250:48
    |
250 |     fn list_with_size(&self, tpe: FileType) -> Result<Vec<(Id, u32)>> {
    |                                                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |                                                |
    |                                                expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |                                                help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<Vec<(rustic_core::Id, u32)>, Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&RcloneBackend, rustic_core::FileType) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&RcloneBackend, rustic_core::FileType) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `read_full` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/rclone.rs:264:52
    |
264 |     fn read_full(&self, tpe: FileType, id: &Id) -> Result<Bytes> {
    |                                                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |                                                    |
    |                                                    expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |                                                    help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<bytes::Bytes, Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&RcloneBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&RcloneBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `read_partial` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/rclone.rs:288:10
    |
288 |     ) -> Result<Bytes> {
    |          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |          |
    |          expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |          help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<bytes::Bytes, Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&RcloneBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _, _, _) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&RcloneBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _, _, _) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `create` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/rclone.rs:295:25
    |
295 |     fn create(&self) -> Result<()> {
    |                         ^^^^^^^^^^
    |                         |
    |                         expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |                         help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<(), Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&RcloneBackend) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&RcloneBackend) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `write_bytes` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/rclone.rs:307:83
    |
307 |     fn write_bytes(&self, tpe: FileType, id: &Id, cacheable: bool, buf: Bytes) -> Result<()> {
    |                                                                                   ^^^^^^^^^^
    |                                                                                   |
    |                                                                                   expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |                                                                                   help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<(), Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&RcloneBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _, bytes::Bytes) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&RcloneBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _, bytes::Bytes) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `remove` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/rclone.rs:318:66
    |
318 |     fn remove(&self, tpe: FileType, id: &Id, cacheable: bool) -> Result<()> {
    |                                                                  ^^^^^^^^^^
    |                                                                  |
    |                                                                  expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |                                                                  help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<(), Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&RcloneBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&RcloneBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `list_with_size` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/rest.rs:248:48
    |
248 |     fn list_with_size(&self, tpe: FileType) -> Result<Vec<(Id, u32)>> {
    |                                                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |                                                |
    |                                                expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |                                                help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<Vec<(rustic_core::Id, u32)>, Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&RestBackend, rustic_core::FileType) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&RestBackend, rustic_core::FileType) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `read_full` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/rest.rs:316:52
    |
316 |     fn read_full(&self, tpe: FileType, id: &Id) -> Result<Bytes> {
    |                                                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |                                                    |
    |                                                    expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |                                                    help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<bytes::Bytes, Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&RestBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&RestBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `read_partial` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/rest.rs:356:10
    |
356 |     ) -> Result<Bytes> {
    |          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |          |
    |          expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |          help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<bytes::Bytes, Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&RestBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _, _, _) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&RestBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _, _, _) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `create` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/rest.rs:386:25
    |
386 |     fn create(&self) -> Result<()> {
    |                         ^^^^^^^^^^
    |                         |
    |                         expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |                         help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<(), Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&RestBackend) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&RestBackend) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `write_bytes` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/rest.rs:416:84
    |
416 |     fn write_bytes(&self, tpe: FileType, id: &Id, _cacheable: bool, buf: Bytes) -> Result<()> {
    |                                                                                    ^^^^^^^^^^
    |                                                                                    |
    |                                                                                    expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |                                                                                    help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<(), Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&RestBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _, bytes::Bytes) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&RestBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _, bytes::Bytes) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0053]: method `remove` has an incompatible type for trait
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/rest.rs:444:67
    |
444 |     fn remove(&self, tpe: FileType, id: &Id, _cacheable: bool) -> Result<()> {
    |                                                                   ^^^^^^^^^^
    |                                                                   |
    |                                                                   expected `Box<RusticError>`, found `anyhow::Error`
    |                                                                   help: change the output type to match the trait: `Result<(), Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected signature `fn(&RestBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _) -> Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
               found signature `fn(&RestBackend, rustic_core::FileType, &rustic_core::Id, _) -> Result<_, anyhow::Error>`

error[E0308]: mismatched types
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/rclone.rs:251:9
    |
250 |     fn list_with_size(&self, tpe: FileType) -> Result<Vec<(Id, u32)>> {
    |                                                ---------------------- expected `Result<Vec<(rustic_core::Id, u32)>, anyhow::Error>` because of return type
251 |         self.rest.list_with_size(tpe)
    |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ expected `Result<Vec<(Id, u32)>, Error>`, found `Result<Vec<(Id, u32)>, Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected enum `Result<_, anyhow::Error>`
               found enum `Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
help: use `?` to coerce and return an appropriate `Err`, and wrap the resulting value in `Ok` so the expression remains of type `Result`
    |
251 |         Ok(self.rest.list_with_size(tpe)?)
    |         +++                             ++

error[E0308]: mismatched types
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/rclone.rs:265:9
    |
264 |     fn read_full(&self, tpe: FileType, id: &Id) -> Result<Bytes> {
    |                                                    ------------- expected `Result<bytes::Bytes, anyhow::Error>` because of return type
265 |         self.rest.read_full(tpe, id)
    |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ expected `Result<Bytes, Error>`, found `Result<Bytes, Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected enum `Result<_, anyhow::Error>`
               found enum `Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
help: use `?` to coerce and return an appropriate `Err`, and wrap the resulting value in `Ok` so the expression remains of type `Result`
    |
265 |         Ok(self.rest.read_full(tpe, id)?)
    |         +++                            ++

error[E0308]: mismatched types
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/rclone.rs:289:9
    |
288 |     ) -> Result<Bytes> {
    |          ------------- expected `Result<bytes::Bytes, anyhow::Error>` because of return type
289 |         self.rest.read_partial(tpe, id, cacheable, offset, length)
    |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ expected `Result<Bytes, Error>`, found `Result<Bytes, Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected enum `Result<_, anyhow::Error>`
               found enum `Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
help: use `?` to coerce and return an appropriate `Err`, and wrap the resulting value in `Ok` so the expression remains of type `Result`
    |
289 |         Ok(self.rest.read_partial(tpe, id, cacheable, offset, length)?)
    |         +++                                                          ++

error[E0308]: mismatched types
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/rclone.rs:296:9
    |
295 |     fn create(&self) -> Result<()> {
    |                         ---------- expected `Result<(), anyhow::Error>` because of return type
296 |         self.rest.create()
    |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ expected `Result<(), Error>`, found `Result<(), Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected enum `Result<_, anyhow::Error>`
               found enum `Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
help: use `?` to coerce and return an appropriate `Err`, and wrap the resulting value in `Ok` so the expression remains of type `Result`
    |
296 |         Ok(self.rest.create()?)
    |         +++                  ++

error[E0308]: mismatched types
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/rclone.rs:308:9
    |
307 |     fn write_bytes(&self, tpe: FileType, id: &Id, cacheable: bool, buf: Bytes) -> Result<()> {
    |                                                                                   ---------- expected `Result<(), anyhow::Error>` because of return type
308 |         self.rest.write_bytes(tpe, id, cacheable, buf)
    |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ expected `Result<(), Error>`, found `Result<(), Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected enum `Result<_, anyhow::Error>`
               found enum `Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
help: use `?` to coerce and return an appropriate `Err`, and wrap the resulting value in `Ok` so the expression remains of type `Result`
    |
308 |         Ok(self.rest.write_bytes(tpe, id, cacheable, buf)?)
    |         +++                                              ++

error[E0308]: mismatched types
   --> /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/rustic_backend-0.4.2/src/rclone.rs:319:9
    |
318 |     fn remove(&self, tpe: FileType, id: &Id, cacheable: bool) -> Result<()> {
    |                                                                  ---------- expected `Result<(), anyhow::Error>` because of return type
319 |         self.rest.remove(tpe, id, cacheable)
    |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ expected `Result<(), Error>`, found `Result<(), Box<RusticError>>`
    |
    = note: expected enum `Result<_, anyhow::Error>`
               found enum `Result<_, Box<RusticError>>`
help: use `?` to coerce and return an appropriate `Err`, and wrap the resulting value in `Ok` so the expression remains of type `Result`
    |
319 |         Ok(self.rest.remove(tpe, id, cacheable)?)
    |         +++                                    ++

Some errors have detailed explanations: E0053, E0308.
For more information about an error, try `rustc --explain E0053`.
error: could not compile `rustic_backend` (lib) due to 32 previous errors
warning: build failed, waiting for other jobs to finish...
    Building [=======================> ] 556/578: abscissa_derive, dav-server, derivative, rustic_core, opendal, rhai_codegen
    Building [=======================> ] 560/578: rustic_core, opendal
    Building [=======================> ] 561/578: opendal

I'll probably have to revisit this, later on, since my SSH connection, to my phone dropped, and it's getting fairly late, here...

[simonsan]

Hey, please try installing it with --locked: cargo install --debug rustic-rs --locked

[vmlemon]

Hey, please try installing it with --locked: cargo install --debug rustic-rs --locked

Thanks. That gets me further, but even after installing some of the prerequisites (rhai, if I remember correctly), from Cargo manually, it looks like Termux runs out of RAM, and crashes, towards the end of the process, reliably.

I might have to see if I can reproduce this, in another way, but I suspect that it's caused by the underflow issue that chenxiaolong discovered.