The CQL engine of Blaze can process hundreds of thousands patients per second and scales with CPU cores available.
More information can be found in the CQL Performance section.
A section about FHIR Search performance can be found here.
A section about GraphQL performance can be found here.
| CPU | # Cores | RAM (GB) | Xmx | MBJ³ | -c¹ | # Resources | Disk Util.² | Duration (s) | Resources/s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| i7-6700 | 8 | 32 | 4g | 4 | 4 | 1,057,270 | 25 | 255 | 4146 |
| i7-6700 | 8 | 32 | 4g | 4 | 4 | 9,382,617 | 80 | 5130 | 1829 |
| E5-2687W v4 | 8 | 64 | 4g | 4 | 4 | 9,409,036 | 2275 | 4136 | |
| E5-2687W v4 | 12 | 64 | 4g | 8 | 8 | 9,409,036 | 1825 | 6150 | |
| E5-2687W v4 | 24 | 128 | 4g | 4 | 4 | 9,437,276 | 13 | 2569 | 3673 |
| E5-2687W v4 | 24 | 128 | 4g | 4 | 4 | 93,841,101 | 22 | 33287 | 2819 |
| E5-2687W v4 | 24 | 128 | 4g | 4 | 8 | 93,841,101 | 22 | 31747 | 2956 |
| E5-2687W v4 | 24 | 128 | 4g | 16 | 8 | 93,841,101 | 41 | 12191 | 7698 |
¹ blazectl upload concurrency ² average disk utilization in percent during import ³ DB_MAX_BACKGROUND_JOBS
Synthea Test Data was generated with a Docker image created from the following Dockerfile:
FROM gcr.io/distroless/java-debian10:11
WORKDIR /gen
ADD https://github.com/synthetichealth/synthea/releases/download/v2.7.0/synthea-with-dependencies.jar synthea.jar
CMD ["synthea.jar", "-s", "3256262546", "-cs", "3726451", "-r", "20210101", "-p", "100000", "--exporter.years_of_history=0", "--exporter.hospital.fhir.export=false", "--exporter.practitioner.fhir.export=true", "--exporter.use_uuid_filenames=true", "--generate.only_alive_patients=true"]resulting in 35 GiB of gzip'ed JSON files.
Dell PowerEdge R630 with 32 Cores of Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2687W v4 @ 3.00GHz, 128 GB RAM, 500 GB on Dell SC4020 Storage with 1.92TB SAS SSD's.
docker run --name blaze --rm -v blaze-data:/app/data \
-e JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS="-Xmx16g" \
-e LOG_LEVEL=debug \
-p 8080:8080 \
-p 8081:8081 \
-e DB_MAX_BACKGROUND_JOBS=16 \
-e DB_BLOCK_CACHE_SIZE=16384 \
-e DB_RESOURCE_INDEXER_THREADS=30 \
-e DB_RESOURCE_INDEXER_BATCH_SIZE=16 \
-e DB_RESOURCE_CACHE_SIZE=500000 \
-d samply/blaze:0.11.0-alpha.6Init RocksDB block cache of 16384 MB
Init RocksDB statistics
Init RocksDB statistics
Init RocksDB statistics
Init resource indexer executor with 30 threads
Open RocksDB key-value store in directory `/app/data/resource` with options: {:max-background-jobs 16, :compaction-readahead-size 0}
Open RocksDB key-value store in directory `/app/data/transaction` with options: {:max-background-jobs 16, :compaction-readahead-size 0}
Create resource cache with a size of 500000 resources
Create resource handle cache with a size of 1000000 resource handles
Open RocksDB key-value store in directory `/app/data/index` with options: {:max-background-jobs 16, :compaction-readahead-size 0}
Create transaction cache with a size of 100000 transactions
Open local database node with a resource indexer batch size of 16
Init FHIR transaction interaction executor with 32 threads
Init server executor with 32 threads
Init JSON parse executor with 32 threads
JVM version: 11.0.9.1
Maximum available memory: 16384 MiB
Number of available processors: 32
Successfully started Blaze version 0.11.0-alpha.6 in 22.2 seconds
Command line tool blazectl v0.6.0 with concurrency of 8.
Uploads [total, concurrency] 100001, 8
Success [ratio] 100.00 %
Duration [total] 13h5m16s
Requ. Latencies [mean, 50, 95, 99, max] 3.766s, 3.386s, 6.942s, 11.513s 2m10.432s
Proc. Latencies [mean, 50, 95, 99, max] 3.766s, 3.386s, 6.942s, 11.513s 2m10.432s
Bytes In [total, mean] 32.69 GiB, 342.72 KiB
Bytes Out [total, mean] 408.01 GiB, 4.18 MiB
Status Codes [code:count] 200:100001
The upload resulted in the following resource counts:
| Metric | Count |
|---|---|
| AllergyIntolerance | 66,388 |
| CarePlan | 980,220 |
| CareTeam | 980,220 |
| Claim | 16,714,056 |
| Condition | 2,677,145 |
| Device | 4,807 |
| DiagnosticReport | 15,460,152 |
| DocumentReference | 11,652,543 |
| Encounter | 11,652,543 |
| ExplanationOfBenefit | 11,652,543 |
| ImagingStudy | 75,558 |
| Immunization | 5,196,115 |
| Medication | 58,793 |
| MedicationAdministration | 58,793 |
| MedicationRequest | 5,061,513 |
| Observation | 75,581,015 |
| Patient | 100,000 |
| Practitioner | 9,174 |
| PractitionerRole | 9,174 |
| Procedure | 12,415,839 |
| Provenance | 100,000 |
| SupplyDelivery | 1,029,962 |
| total | 171,536,553 |
That are 171,536,553 resources in 13 hours and 5 minutes or about 3,600 resources per second.
The size of the database directory after the import was 234 GiB or about 1,43 kB per resource which is less than the uncompressed JSON transaction bundles.
Dell PowerEdge R630 with 8 Cores of Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2687W v4 @ 3.00GHz, 128 GB RAM, 500 GB on Dell SC4020 Storage with 1.92TB SAS SSD's.
Command line tool blazectl v0.6.0 with concurrency of 8.
Uploads [total, concurrency] 1258, 8
Success [ratio] 100.00 %
Duration [total] 4m46s
Requ. Latencies [mean, 50, 95, 99, max] 1.804s, 1.493s, 3.64s, 9.379s 18.165s
Proc. Latencies [mean, 50, 95, 99, max] 1.804s, 1.493s, 3.64s, 9.379s 18.165s
Bytes In [total, mean] 175.64 MiB, 142.97 KiB
Bytes Out [total, mean] 2.29 GiB, 1.86 MiB
Status Codes [code:count] 200:1258
Dell PowerEdge R630 with 12 Cores of Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2687W v4 @ 3.00GHz, 128 GB RAM, 500 GB on Dell SC4020 Storage with 1.92TB SAS SSD's.
Command line tool blazectl v0.6.0 with concurrency of 8.
Uploads [total, concurrency] 11935, 8
Success [ratio] 100.00 %
Duration [total] 36m12s
Requ. Latencies [mean, 50, 95, 99, max] 1.449s, 1.185s, 3.23s, 6.905s 17.535s
Proc. Latencies [mean, 50, 95, 99, max] 1.449s, 1.185s, 3.23s, 6.905s 17.535s
Bytes In [total, mean] 1.54 GiB, 135.48 KiB
Bytes Out [total, mean] 20.61 GiB, 1.77 MiB
Status Codes [code:count] 200:11935
The upload resulted in the following resource counts:
AllergyIntolerance : 5672
CarePlan : 54647
CareTeam : 54647
Claim : 1190336
Condition : 155914
Device : 2256
DiagnosticReport : 895428
DocumentReference : 587661
Encounter : 587661
ExplanationOfBenefit : 587661
ImagingStudy : 8055
Immunization : 158607
Location : 5463
Medication : 14677
MedicationAdministration : 14677
MedicationRequest : 602675
Observation : 3881205
Organization : 5463
Patient : 11933
Practitioner : 5470
PractitionerRole : 5470
Procedure : 417649
Provenance : 11933
SupplyDelivery : 139316
-------------------------------------------
total : 9404476
The size of the database directory after the import was 13 GiB.
Synthea Test Data was generated with a Docker image created from the following Dockerfile:
FROM gcr.io/distroless/java-debian10:11
WORKDIR /gen
ADD https://github.com/synthetichealth/synthea/releases/download/v2.7.0/synthea-with-dependencies.jar synthea.jarand the following command:
docker run -v $(pwd)/output:/gen/output/fhir synthea-gen synthea.jar -s 3256262546 -cs 3726451 -r 20210101 -p 1000 --exporter.use_uuid_filenames=true4 Cores w/ hyper threading Intel i7-6700 CPU @ 3.40GHz, 32 GB RAM, 128 GB SATA SSD SK hynix SC311
docker run --name blaze --rm -v blaze-data:/app/data \
-e JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS="-Xmx4g" \
-e LOG_LEVEL=debug \
-p 8080:8080 \
-d samply/blaze:0.11.0Command line tool blazectl v0.7.0 with concurrency of 4.
Uploads [total, concurrency] 1258, 4
Success [ratio] 100.00 %
Duration [total] 4m15s
Requ. Latencies [mean, 50, 95, 99, max] 808ms, 615ms, 1.965s, 4.193s 16.655s
Proc. Latencies [mean, 50, 95, 99, max] 808ms, 615ms, 1.965s, 4.193s 16.655s
Bytes In [total, mean] 177.28 MiB, 144.31 KiB
Bytes Out [total, mean] 2.29 GiB, 1.86 MiB
Status Codes [code:count] 200:1258
The upload resulted in the following resource counts:
| Metric | Count |
|---|---|
| AllergyIntolerance | 700 |
| CarePlan | 5754 |
| CareTeam | 5754 |
| Claim | 133212 |
| Condition | 16499 |
| Device | 298 |
| DiagnosticReport | 100832 |
| DocumentReference | 65355 |
| Encounter | 65355 |
| ExplanationOfBenefit | 65355 |
| ImagingStudy | 886 |
| Immunization | 16706 |
| Location | 1201 |
| Medication | 1531 |
| MedicationAdministration | 1531 |
| MedicationRequest | 67857 |
| Observation | 441519 |
| Organization | 1201 |
| Patient | 1256 |
| Practitioner | 1202 |
| PractitionerRole | 1202 |
| Procedure | 44527 |
| Provenance | 1256 |
| SupplyDelivery | 16281 |
| total | 1,057,270 |
That are 1,057,270 resources in 4 minutes and 15 seconds or about 4,100 resources per second.
CPU Utilization was about 6 cores and max disk utilization was about 30 %.
Generated 10,000 patients with Synthea master branch with Git SHA 4fed9eaf and standard configuration using ./run_synthea -p 10000 resulting in 9.9 GiB of JSON files.
MacBook Pro (Retina, 15-inch, Mid 2015) 2,5 GHz Intel Core i7, 16 GB RAM. Blaze version 0.9.0-alpha.26.
STORAGE=standalone INDEX_DB_DIR=blaze-data/index TRANSACTION_DB_DIR=blaze-data/transaction RESOURCE_DB_DIR=blaze-data/resource DB_RESOURCE_INDEXER_THREADS=8 java -jar blaze-0.9.0-alpha.26-standalone.jar -m blaze.coreInit RocksDB block cache of 128 MB
Init RocksDB statistics
Init resource indexer executor with 8 threads
Open RocksDB key-value store in directory `blaze-data/resource` with options: {:max-background-jobs 4, :compaction-readahead-size 0}. This can take up to several minutes due to forced compaction.
Open key-value store backed resource store.
Create resource cache with a size of 10000 resources
Open RocksDB key-value store in directory `blaze-data/transaction` with options: {:max-background-jobs 4, :compaction-readahead-size 0}. This can take up to several minutes due to forced compaction.
Open local transaction log
Open local database node with a resource indexer batch size of 1
Init FHIR transaction interaction executor with 8 threads
Init server executor with 8 threads
Init JSON parse executor with 8 threads
JVM version: 11.0.7
Maximum available memory: 4096 MiB
Number of available processors: 8
Successfully started Blaze version 0.9.0-alpha.26 in 13.1 seconds
Command line tool blazectl with concurrency of 8.
Uploads [total, concurrency] 11676, 8
Success [ratio] 100.00 %
Duration [total] 27m6s
Requ. Latencies [mean, 50, 95, 99, max] 1.112s, 868ms, 2.312s, 5.786s 24.977s
Proc. Latencies [mean, 50, 95, 99, max] 1.103s, 863ms, 2.288s, 5.749s 23.992s
Bytes In [total, mean] 818.08 MiB, 71.75 KiB
Bytes Out [total, mean] 10.08 GiB, 904.95 KiB
Status Codes [code:count] 200:11676
The upload resulted in the following resource counts:
| Metric | Count |
|---|---|
| AllergyIntolerance | 5,360 |
| CarePlan | 35,578 |
| Claim | 522,122 |
| Condition | 83,683 |
| DiagnosticReport | 145,727 |
| Encounter | 408,512 |
| ExplanationOfBenefit | 408,512 |
| Goal | 27,125 |
| ImagingStudy | 8,122 |
| Immunization | 144,970 |
| MedicationAdministration | 6,120 |
| MedicationRequest | 113,610 |
| Observation | 2,072,024 |
| Organization | 33,718 |
| Patient | 11,674 |
| Practitioner | 33,714 |
| Procedure | 327,659 |
| total | 4,388,230 |
That are 4,388,230 resources in 30 minutes or about 2,400 resources per second on a 8 core machine.
The size of the database directory after the import was 15 GiB and 9 GB after compaction.