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Test-Time Training on Nearest Neighbors (TTT-NN)

The repository contains code to:

  1. Train the embedding model
  2. Build nearest neighbor index on the Pile
  3. Run distributed servers on top of the index
  4. Query the servers
  5. Evaluate TTT-NN on the Pile
  6. Run baselines

This project is based on the paper Test-Time Training on Nearest Neighbors for Large Language Models by Moritz Hardt and Yu Sun, in ICLR 2024. Please cite as:

@inproceedings{hardt2024test,
  title={Test-time training on nearest neighbors for large language models},
  author={Hardt, Moritz and Sun, Yu},
  booktitle={International Conference on Learning Representations},
  year={2024}
}

Necessary files

To evaluate TTT-NN you ultimately need the following directory structure:

indexes/
  roberta-large/
    00.jsonl.index
    01.jsonl.index
    ...
    29.jsonl.index

models/
  roberta-large-pile-lr2e-5-bs16-8gpu/
    checkpoint-1700000/

pile/
  train/
    00.jsonl
    01.jsonl
    ...
    29.jsonl
  val.jsonl
  test.jsonl

servers/
  addresses.txt

Download the dataset here and place the files in the pile/ subdirectory.

Train or download the embedding model

Download the embedding model

You can download the pretrained embedding model from HuggingFace. Place the files in the directory models/roberta-large-pile-lr2e-5-bs16-8gpu/checkpoint-1700000.

Alternatively, train the embedding model

To train the embedding model yourself, see code/trainer_lm.py. This is a standard HuggingFace training setup. This code was used to produce the model checkpoint checkpoint-1700000 in the models directory. The model trained for approximately one month on 8 A100 GPUs, making one pass over the data.

Make sure to have the checkpoint models/roberta-large-pile-lr2e-5-bs16-8gpu/checkpoint-1700000 before you proceed.

Build or download the index

Download the index

You can download the index files here. The download size is approximately 800GB. Place the files in the directory indexes/roberta-large.

Alternatively, build the index

To build the index yourself, use the code in code/build_database.py to build an index on top of the Pile dataset. This is a time consuming operation. Specify --data_file to build index for given data file.

python3 code/build_database.py \
        --data_file pile/train/00.jsonl \
        --output_dir indexes/roberta-large

Make sure you have all index files in indexes/roberta-large before you proceed.

Run the Pile server

The following command will launch a server with 6 replicas each serving one split of the data. This will append 6 ip addresses and ports to the file specified as address_path.

python3 code/pile_server.py \
        --address_path servers/addresses.txt \
        --data_file pile/train/00.jsonl \
        --num_servers 6

To serve from all Pile data files, start one server for each data file. We recommend starting 30 servers with 6 replicas each, resulting in 180 instances running.

Make sure servers are up and running before launching evaluation.

Use the Pile client

Use code/pile_client.py to query the server. Specify --address_path to indicate which servers to query. The client will query all servers it finds under the address path and query each. The client then builds a local nearest neighbors structure to find the nearest neighbors among all the retrieved results.

The client code can be used as a standalone client, but will also be called from the evaluation code.

Run test-time training with nearest neighbors

To evaluate on GPTNeo with default parameters:

python3 code/eval_tttlm.py \
        --address_path servers/addresses.txt \
        --results_dir results/

To evaluate on GPT2:

python3 code/eval_tttlm.py \
        --model gpt2-large \
        --tokenizer gpt2-large \
        --embedding_model_checkpoint models/roberta-large-pile-lr2e-5-bs16-8gpu/checkpoint-1700000
        --max_length 1024 \
        --stride 1024 \
        --learning_rate 2e-5 \
        --address_path servers/addresses.txt \
        --results_dir results/

Replace gpt2 with gpt2-large to evaluate on GPT2Large.

Use code/process_results.py to merge results for distributed evaluation with multiple processes, aggregate statistics, and make plots.

The evaluation code uses modified parts of the lm_evaluation-harness package by Eleuther-AI. The folder lm_eval contains the modified parts (also lm_eval_interpolation for the interpolation baseline), as well as the unmodified parts to ensure compatibility.

Run baselines

  • See code/baseline_context.py for in-context baseline. Also code/process_results_context.py.
  • See code/baseline_interpolation.py for interpolation baseline. Also code/process_results_interpolation.py.
  • Run code/eval_tttlm.py with option --dynamic_eval for dynamic evaluation baseline.