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docs/_sections/_guide-primaries/getting-started/bluepad.md

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This sample only provides the basic structure of how you would break your logic up into different functions as good practice. You may edit it however you please!
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{: .callout-blue}
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```
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```cpp
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#include "sdkconfig.h"
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#include <Arduino.h>
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#include <Bluepad32.h>

docs/_sections/_guide-primaries/getting-started/microcontroller-interface.md

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* ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) - only some pins. These pins can read analog values instead of just high or low.
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{: .highlight}
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Warning: Be careful to not short (connect) a power pin directly to a ground pin. This will fry your ESP32 and more by causing a huge surge of current (not good).
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Warning: Be careful to not short (connect) a power pin directly to a ground pin. This will likely fry your ESP32 and more by causing a huge surge of current (not good).
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{: .callout-red}
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## Powering the ESP32

docs/_sections/_guide-primaries/sensors-and-actuators/actuators.md

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# Actuators
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The word "actuators" is just a fancy word for "devices that create motion," which can include anything ranging from hydraulic pistons to motors. In our case, electric motors will be the key to your robot's motion! In this competition, you will be dealing with servo motors.
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The word "actuators" is just a fancy word for "devices that create motion," which can include anything ranging from hydraulic pistons to motors. In our case, electric motors will be the key to your robot's motion! In this competition, you will be dealing with DC brushed motors and servo motors.
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# DC Motors
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<img src="{{ '/_assets/images/dc_motor.jpg' | prepend: site.baseurl }}" alt="dc_motor.jpg" width="200" height="300">
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You will be using DC (direct current) motors as the primary means of moving your robot around.
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DC motors operate on electromagnetic principles. Inside the motor, there are permanent magnets (stator) that create a stationary magnetic field, and wire coils (rotor/armature) that carry electrical current. When current flows through the rotor windings in the presence of the magnetic field, electromagnetic forces cause the rotor to spin. A commutator and brushes automatically switch the current direction in the windings as the motor rotates, ensuring continuous rotation.
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The motor’s speed depends on the applied voltage; higher voltage makes the motor spin faster. The torque (rotational force) depends on the current; more current allows the motor to push harder, such as when moving a heavier robot. Motor speed is controlled by pulse-width modulation ([PWM](https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/pulse-width-modulation/all)), which is when the supply voltage is switched on and off rapidly. By adjusting the ratio of “on” to “off” time, you can smoothly control the average voltage the motor receives. Direction is reversed by by switching the voltage polarity.

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