Link to the code that reproduces this issue

https://github.com/jperezr21/next-16-issue

To Reproduce

1. pnpm build
2. pnpm start
3. Go to /
4. See logs

5. git checkout next-15
6. pnpm build --turbopack
7. pnpm start
8. Go to /
9. See logs

Current vs. Expected behavior

Links should be prefetched once, but they're being prefetched more than once

Provide environment information

Operating System:
  Platform: darwin
  Arch: arm64
  Version: Darwin Kernel Version 24.6.0: Mon Aug 11 21:16:31 PDT 2025; root:xnu-11417.140.69.701.11~1/RELEASE_ARM64_T6030
  Available memory (MB): 18432
  Available CPU cores: 11
Binaries:
  Node: 22.13.1
  npm: 11.1.0
  Yarn: N/A
  pnpm: 10.20.0
Relevant Packages:
  next: 16.0.1 // Latest available version is detected (16.0.1).
  eslint-config-next: N/A
  react: 19.2.0
  react-dom: 19.2.0
  typescript: 5.9.3
Next.js Config:
  output: N/A

Which area(s) are affected? (Select all that apply)

Linking and Navigating

Which stage(s) are affected? (Select all that apply)

Vercel (Deployed), next start (local)

Additional context

Identified this issue after upgrading to next 16 and seeing the number of function invocations in Vercel more than double:

Upgraded on Oct 23, downgraded on Oct 27