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Indicators
This project is focused on developing baseline indicators and related maps for several UrbanShift cities. Selected indicators are in four themes:
- Biodiversity (BIO)
- Land protection and restoration (LND)
- Greenspace access (GRE)
- Climate mitigation(GHG)
| Theme | Indicator core code | Indicator name | Related indicators | Status | Notebook |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biodiversity | BIO-1 | Natural Areas | SICB-1 | link to notebook | |
| Biodiversity | BIO-2 | Connectivity of ecological networks | SICB-2 | [link to notebook] | |
| Biodiversity | BIO-3 | Biodiversity in built-up areas (birds) | SICB-3 | [link to notebook] | |
| Biodiversity | BIO-4 | Change in number of vascular plants | SICB-4 | [link to notebook] | |
| Biodiversity | BIO-5 | Change in number of birds | SICB-5 | [link to notebook] | |
| Biodiversity | BIO-6 | Change in number of arthropods | SICB-6 | [link to notebook] | |
| Land protection and restoration | LND-1 | Permeable areas | SICB-10 | [link to notebook] | |
| Land protection and restoration | LND-2 | Tree cover | SICB-11; SDG 15.1.1 | [link to notebook] | |
| Land protection and restoration | LND-3 | Trends (significant loss or gain) of vegetation and water cover | SDG 6.6.1 | [link to notebook] | |
| Land protection and restoration | LND-4 | Proportion of natural areas restored | SICB-7A | [link to notebook] | |
| Land protection and restoration | LND-5 | Number of habitat types restored | SICB-7B | [link to notebook] | |
| Land protection and restoration | LND-6 | Protected areas | SICB-8 | [link to notebook] | |
| Land protection and restoration | LND-7 | Protection of Key Biodiversity Areas | [link to notebook] | ||
| Land protection and restoration | LND-8 | Built-up Key Biodiversity Areas | [link to notebook] | ||
| Greenspace access | GRE-1 | Recreational Services: Area of recreational space per capita | SICB-12 | link to notebook | |
| Greenspace access | GRE-2 | Built-up area that is open space for public use | SDG 11.7.1; C4F-3.1 | link to notebook | |
| Greenspace access | GRE-3 | Proximity to Parks: population with access to public open space within walking distance (400m) | SICB-13; C4F-3.2 | link to notebook | |
| Greenspace access | GRE-4 | Population with threshold level (10%+) of tree cover within walking distance (400m) | C4F-3.3 | link to notebook | |
| Climate mitigation | GHG-1 | Level and share of GHG emissions by pollutant and sector | SDG 13.2.2; C4F-5.1 | [link to notebook] | |
| Climate mitigation | GHG-2 | Average annual carbon flux from trees per hectare of city area | C4F-5.2 | [link to notebook] |
This indicator is computed as the average percent of natural areas within the administrative boundaries of the city.
Natural areas support biodiversity by providing habitat. They also provide human beings with ecosystem services. The portion of the total city area that is close to a natural state thus provides information both about a city’s biodiversity and about the benefits provided by biodiversity.
Natural ecosystems are defined as all areas that are natural and not highly disturbed or completely human-altered landscapes. Examples of natural ecosystems include forests, mangroves, freshwater swamps, natural grasslands, streams, lakes, etc. Parks, golf courses, cropland, and roadside plantings are not considered natural. This indicator is calculated as the percent of natural area within the city boundary: (Total area of natural, restored and naturalized areas) ÷ (Area of city) × 100%. We calculated this indicator using the ESA WorldCover 10 m 2020 V100 land-classification map. We included as natural area all land classified as trees, shrubland, grassland, herbaceous wetland, mangrove, or moss and lichen.