diff --git a/solar_apparent_time/solar_apparent_time.py b/solar_apparent_time/solar_apparent_time.py
index a824ea3..879fa42 100644
--- a/solar_apparent_time/solar_apparent_time.py
+++ b/solar_apparent_time/solar_apparent_time.py
@@ -62,9 +62,33 @@ def _broadcast_time_and_space(times: np.ndarray, lons: np.ndarray) -> tuple[np.n
 
     return np.broadcast_arrays(times[..., None], lons)
 
+def extract_lat_lon(geometry: Union[SpatialGeometry, GeoSeries]) -> SpatialGeometry:
+    """
+    Extract the SpatialGeometry from a RasterGeometry or GeoSeries.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    geometry : SpatialGeometry or GeoSeries
+        The geometry object to extract from.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    SpatialGeometry
+        The extracted SpatialGeometry.
+    """
+    if isinstance(geometry, SpatialGeometry):
+        lat = geometry.lat
+        lon = geometry.lon
+    elif isinstance(geometry, GeoSeries):
+        lat = geometry.y
+        lon = geometry.x
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("geometry must be SpatialGeometry or GeoSeries")
+    return lat, lon
+
 def calculate_solar_hour_of_day(
     time_UTC: Union[datetime, str, list, np.ndarray],
-    geometry: SpatialGeometry = None,
+    geometry: Union[SpatialGeometry, GeoSeries] = None,
     lat: Union[np.ndarray, float] = None,
     lon: Union[np.ndarray, float] = None
 ) -> np.ndarray:
@@ -93,17 +117,17 @@ def calculate_solar_hour_of_day(
     """
     times = _parse_time(time_UTC)
 
-    if geometry is not None:
-        lon = geometry.lon
-    elif lon is not None:
-        lon = np.asarray(lon)
+    if lat is None or lon is None and geometry is not None:
+        lat, lon = extract_lat_lon(geometry)
+
+    times = np.asarray(times)
+    lon = np.asarray(lon)
+    if times.ndim == 1 and lon.ndim == 1 and times.shape == lon.shape:
+        times_b = times
+        lons_b = lon
     else:
-        raise ValueError('Must provide either spatial or lon.')
-    
-    # Broadcast times and lons
-    times_b, lons_b = _broadcast_time_and_space(times, lon)
+        times_b, lons_b = _broadcast_time_and_space(times, lon)
 
-    # Calculate hour_UTC
     hour_UTC = (
         times_b.astype('datetime64[h]').astype(int) % 24
         + (times_b.astype('datetime64[m]').astype(int) % 60) / 60
@@ -119,7 +143,7 @@ def calculate_solar_hour_of_day(
 
 def calculate_solar_day_of_year(
     time_UTC: Union[datetime, str, list, np.ndarray],
-    geometry: SpatialGeometry = None,
+    geometry: Union[SpatialGeometry, GeoSeries] = None,
     lat: Union[np.ndarray, float] = None,
     lon: Union[np.ndarray, float] = None
 ) -> np.ndarray:
@@ -148,20 +172,23 @@ def calculate_solar_day_of_year(
     """
     times = _parse_time(time_UTC)
 
-    # If latitude is not provided, try to extract from geometry
-    if lat is None and isinstance(geometry, SpatialGeometry):
-        lat = geometry.lat
-    elif lat is None and isinstance(geometry, GeoSeries):
-        lat = geometry.y
-    elif lat is None:
-        raise ValueError("no latitude provided")
-
-    if lon is None and isinstance(geometry, SpatialGeometry):
-        lon = geometry.lon
-    elif lon is None and isinstance(geometry, GeoSeries):
-        lon = geometry.x
-    elif lon is None:
-        raise ValueError("no longitude provided")
+    # # If latitude is not provided, try to extract from geometry
+    # if lat is None and isinstance(geometry, SpatialGeometry):
+    #     lat = geometry.lat
+    # elif lat is None and isinstance(geometry, GeoSeries):
+    #     lat = geometry.y
+    # elif lat is None:
+    #     raise ValueError("no latitude provided")
+
+    # if lon is None and isinstance(geometry, SpatialGeometry):
+    #     lon = geometry.lon
+    # elif lon is None and isinstance(geometry, GeoSeries):
+    #     lon = geometry.x
+    # elif lon is None:
+    #     raise ValueError("no longitude provided")
+
+    if lat is None or lon is None and geometry is not None:
+        lat, lon = extract_lat_lon(geometry)
 
     # Handle 1D time and lon inputs of the same length: pair element-wise
     times = np.asarray(times)