Migrate to pytest features

This PR introduces the following changes:

- Migrate the test suite to use pytest features
- Address a duplicated test name in test_Exceptions.py:
  test_ListReadersException.  The duplicate tests have been merged.

Most of this work was mechanical:

- Remove unittest.TestCase subclass definition lines
- De-dent the class methods
- Remove references to self in the function parameters
- Use regular expressions to search and replace assertions:
  - self.assertEqual(x, y) -> assert x == y
  - self.assertRaises -> pytest.raises
  - self.assertFalse(x) -> assert x is False
  - self.assertIn(x, y) -> assert x in y

Some long strings were wrapped to prepare for the possibility of using
code formatters in the future.

STDOUT capture code was replaced with the pytest capsys fixture, which
simplified the code in test_ATR.py.

This PR prepares for the possibility of consolidating the live tests in
src/smartcard/test/ together with the overall test suite, and using
pytest features to control whether the live tests run or not.

This is only a possibility, not a guarantee, but migrating from unittest
code to pytest code helps pave the way.

test/test_ATR.py

@@ -1,101 +1,97 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import pytest
 
-import io
-import sys
-import unittest
 from smartcard.ATR import ATR
 from smartcard.Exceptions import SmartcardException
 from smartcard.util import toBytes
 
 
-class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.held, sys.stdout = sys.stdout, io.StringIO()
-
-    def test_ATR1(self):
-        atr = [0x3F, 0x65, 0x25, 0x00, 0x2C, 0x09, 0x69, 0x90, 0x00]
-        data_out = """TB1: 25
+def test_atr1(capsys):
+    atr = [0x3F, 0x65, 0x25, 0x00, 0x2C, 0x09, 0x69, 0x90, 0x00]
+    data_out = """TB1: 25
 TC1: 0
 supported protocols T=0
 T=0 supported: True
 T=1 supported: False
-	clock rate conversion factor: 372
-	bit rate adjustment factor: 1
-	maximum programming current: 50
-	programming voltage: 30
-	guard time: 0
+\tclock rate conversion factor: 372
+\tbit rate adjustment factor: 1
+\tmaximum programming current: 50
+\tprogramming voltage: 30
+\tguard time: 0
 nb of interface bytes: 2
 nb of historical bytes: 5
 """
-        a = ATR(atr)
-        a.dump()
-        output = sys.stdout.getvalue()
-        self.assertEqual(output, data_out)
-
-    def test_ATR2(self):
-        atr = [0x3F, 0x65, 0x25, 0x08, 0x93, 0x04, 0x6C, 0x90, 0x00]
-        data_out = """TB1: 25
+    a = ATR(atr)
+    a.dump()
+    stdout, _ = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert stdout == data_out
+
+
+def test_atr2(capsys):
+    atr = [0x3F, 0x65, 0x25, 0x08, 0x93, 0x04, 0x6C, 0x90, 0x00]
+    data_out = """TB1: 25
 TC1: 8
 supported protocols T=0
 T=0 supported: True
 T=1 supported: False
-	clock rate conversion factor: 372
-	bit rate adjustment factor: 1
-	maximum programming current: 50
-	programming voltage: 30
-	guard time: 8
+\tclock rate conversion factor: 372
+\tbit rate adjustment factor: 1
+\tmaximum programming current: 50
+\tprogramming voltage: 30
+\tguard time: 8
 nb of interface bytes: 2
 nb of historical bytes: 5
 """
-        a = ATR(atr)
-        a.dump()
-        output = sys.stdout.getvalue()
-        self.assertEqual(output, data_out)
-
-    def test_ATR3(self):
-        atr = [0x3B, 0x16, 0x94, 0x7C, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0D]
-        data_out = """TA1: 94
+    a = ATR(atr)
+    a.dump()
+
+    stdout, _ = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert stdout == data_out
+
+
+def test_atr3(capsys):
+    atr = [0x3B, 0x16, 0x94, 0x7C, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0D]
+    data_out = """TA1: 94
 supported protocols T=0
 T=0 supported: True
 T=1 supported: False
-	clock rate conversion factor: 512
-	bit rate adjustment factor: 8
-	maximum programming current: 50
-	programming voltage: 5
-	guard time: None
+\tclock rate conversion factor: 512
+\tbit rate adjustment factor: 8
+\tmaximum programming current: 50
+\tprogramming voltage: 5
+\tguard time: None
 nb of interface bytes: 1
 nb of historical bytes: 6
 """
-        a = ATR(atr)
-        a.dump()
-        output = sys.stdout.getvalue()
-        self.assertEqual(output, data_out)
-
-    def test_ATR4(self):
-        atr = [0x3B, 0x65, 0x00, 0x00, 0x9C, 0x11, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03]
-        data_out = """TB1: 0
+    a = ATR(atr)
+    a.dump()
+    stdout, _ = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert stdout == data_out
+
+
+def test_atr4(capsys):
+    atr = [0x3B, 0x65, 0x00, 0x00, 0x9C, 0x11, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03]
+    data_out = """TB1: 0
 TC1: 0
 supported protocols T=0
 T=0 supported: True
 T=1 supported: False
-	clock rate conversion factor: 372
-	bit rate adjustment factor: 1
-	maximum programming current: 25
-	programming voltage: 5
-	guard time: 0
+\tclock rate conversion factor: 372
+\tbit rate adjustment factor: 1
+\tmaximum programming current: 25
+\tprogramming voltage: 5
+\tguard time: 0
 nb of interface bytes: 2
 nb of historical bytes: 5
 """
-        a = ATR(atr)
-        a.dump()
-        output = sys.stdout.getvalue()
-        self.assertEqual(output, data_out)
-
-    def test_ATR5(self):
-        atr = [0x3B, 0xE3, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x81, 0x31, 0x52, 0x45, 0xA1,
-               0xA2, 0xA3, 0x1B]
-        data_out = """TB1: 0
+    a = ATR(atr)
+    a.dump()
+    stdout, _ = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert stdout == data_out
+
+
+def test_atr5(capsys):
+    atr = [0x3B, 0xE3, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x81, 0x31, 0x52, 0x45, 0xA1, 0xA2, 0xA3, 0x1B]
+    data_out = """TB1: 0
 TC1: ff
 TD1: 81
 TD2: 31
@@ -105,23 +101,23 @@ def test_ATR5(self):
 T=0 supported: False
 T=1 supported: True
 checksum: 27
-	clock rate conversion factor: 372
-	bit rate adjustment factor: 1
-	maximum programming current: 25
-	programming voltage: 5
-	guard time: 255
+\tclock rate conversion factor: 372
+\tbit rate adjustment factor: 1
+\tmaximum programming current: 25
+\tprogramming voltage: 5
+\tguard time: 255
 nb of interface bytes: 6
 nb of historical bytes: 3
 """
-        a = ATR(atr)
-        a.dump()
-        output = sys.stdout.getvalue()
-        self.assertEqual(output, data_out)
-
-    def test_ATR6(self):
-        atr = [0x3B, 0xE5, 0x00, 0x00, 0x81, 0x21, 0x45, 0x9C, 0x10,
-               0x01, 0x00, 0x80, 0x0D]
-        data_out = """TB1: 0
+    a = ATR(atr)
+    a.dump()
+    stdout, _ = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert stdout == data_out
+
+
+def test_atr6(capsys):
+    atr = [0x3B, 0xE5, 0x00, 0x00, 0x81, 0x21, 0x45, 0x9C, 0x10, 0x01, 0x00, 0x80, 0x0D]
+    data_out = """TB1: 0
 TC1: 0
 TD1: 81
 TD2: 21
@@ -130,34 +126,33 @@ def test_ATR6(self):
 T=0 supported: False
 T=1 supported: True
 checksum: 13
-	clock rate conversion factor: 372
-	bit rate adjustment factor: 1
-	maximum programming current: 25
-	programming voltage: 5
-	guard time: 0
+\tclock rate conversion factor: 372
+\tbit rate adjustment factor: 1
+\tmaximum programming current: 25
+\tprogramming voltage: 5
+\tguard time: 0
 nb of interface bytes: 5
 nb of historical bytes: 5
 """
-        a = ATR(atr)
-        a.dump()
-        output = sys.stdout.getvalue()
-        self.assertEqual(output, data_out)
-
-    def test_ATR_TS(self):
-        atr = [0x42]
-        with self.assertRaises(SmartcardException):
-            ATR(atr)
-
-    def test_ATR_get(self):
-        atr = "3B F2 95 12 34 01 36 06"
-        a = ATR(toBytes(atr))
-        self.assertEqual(a.getTA1(), 0x95)
-        self.assertEqual(a.getTB1(), 0x12)
-        self.assertEqual(a.getTC1(), 0x34)
-        self.assertEqual(a.getTD1(), 0x01)
-        self.assertEqual(a.getHistoricalBytes(), [0x36, 0x06])
-        self.assertFalse(a.isT15Supported())
-        self.assertEqual(str(a), atr)
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    unittest.main(buffer=True)
+    a = ATR(atr)
+    a.dump()
+    stdout, _ = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert stdout == data_out
+
+
+def test_atr_ts():
+    atr = [0x42]
+    with pytest.raises(SmartcardException):
+        ATR(atr)
+
+
+def test_atr_get():
+    atr = "3B F2 95 12 34 01 36 06"
+    a = ATR(toBytes(atr))
+    assert a.getTA1() == 0x95
+    assert a.getTB1() == 0x12
+    assert a.getTC1() == 0x34
+    assert a.getTD1() == 0x01
+    assert a.getHistoricalBytes(), [0x36 == 0x06]
+    assert a.isT15Supported() is False
+    assert str(a) == atr