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This C++ program demonstrates the binary search algorithm, which efficiently finds the index of a target element in a sorted array. With a time complexity of O(log n), binary search significantly outperforms linear search for large datasets. The program includes a function that takes a sorted vector and a target integer as inputs, returning the index of the target if found or -1 if not. The main function tests this implementation with a sample array and outputs the result. This example serves as a practical illustration of binary search in action.