chore(deps): upgrade typescript and jest dev dependencies

[OrRosenblatt]

Description

Upgrades TS and jest dev dependencies and other related dependencies to their latest major versions:

• Bump typescript v3 to v5 (breaking changes).
• Bump jest v24 to v30 (breaking changes).
• Bump jest-circus, ts-jest, @types/node and @types/jest to their latest major version following the major upgrade.
• Add explicit type annotation to errors in catch clauses due to TS upgrade.
• Replaced toThrowError alias following the jest v30 migration guide.

Dependablot

PR Resolution

Resolves #25
Resolves #28
Resolves #29
Resolves #30
Resolves #33
Resolves #34
Resolves #41
Resolves #42
Resolves #43

Alert Fixes

Critical

• form-data uses unsafe random function in form-data for choosing boundary
• Babel vulnerable to arbitrary code execution when compiling specifically crafted malicious code
• Code injection in fsevents
• Prototype Pollution in minimist
• json-schema is vulnerable to Prototype Pollution
• Prototype Pollution in minimist
• Prototype Pollution in handlebars
• Remote code execution in handlebars when compiling templates

High

• Arbitrary File Creation/Overwrite via insufficient symlink protection due to directory cache poisoning using symbolic links
• Arbitrary File Creation/Overwrite via insufficient symlink protection due to directory cache poisoning using symbolic links
• ws affected by a DoS when handling a request with many HTTP headers
• Uncontrolled resource consumption in braces
• Prototype Pollution in lodash
• Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity in chalk/ansi-regex
• Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity in chalk/ansi-regex
• Arbitrary File Creation/Overwrite on Windows via insufficient relative path sanitization
• Arbitrary File Creation/Overwrite due to insufficient absolute path sanitization
• Arbitrary File Creation/Overwrite via insufficient symlink protection due to directory cache poisoning
• ini before 1.3.6 vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via ini.parse
• Prototype Pollution in JSON5 via Parse Method
• qs vulnerable to Prototype Pollution
• decode-uri-component vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS)
• Arbitrary Code Execution in Handlebars
• Command Injection in lodash
• Prototype Pollution in y18n
• Arbitrary Code Execution in handlebars
• Prototype Pollution in handlebars
• Arbitrary Code Execution in handlebars

moderate

• tough-cookie Prototype Pollution vulnerability
• ReDoS in Sec-Websocket-Protocol header
• Prototype Pollution in minimist
• Server-Side Request Forgery in Request
• OS Command Injection in node-notifier
• yargs-parser Vulnerable to Prototype Pollution
• Prototype Pollution in minimist