SeleniumHQ · p0deje · Jan 17, 2026 · Jan 17, 2026 · Jan 18, 2026 · Jan 19, 2026
diff --git a/.github/workflows/bazel.yml b/.github/workflows/bazel.yml
@@ -119,6 +119,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set Ruby version
         if: inputs.ruby-version != ''
         run: echo '${{ inputs.ruby-version }}' > rb/.ruby-version
+      - name: Disable prebuilt Ruby
+        if: inputs.ruby-version != '' && inputs.os != 'windows'
+        run: sed '/^[[:space:]]*rv_version/d' MODULE.bazel > MODULE.bazel.tmp && mv MODULE.bazel.tmp MODULE.bazel
       - name: Setup Node
         if: inputs.node-version != ''
         uses: actions/setup-node@v4

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci-ruby.yml b/.github/workflows/ci-ruby.yml
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ jobs:
       browser: ${{ matrix.browser }}
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
       rerun-with-debug: true
+      ruby-version: 3.2.9
       run: >
         bazel test
         --keep_going

diff --git a/BUILD.bazel b/BUILD.bazel
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 load("@aspect_rules_js//npm:defs.bzl", "npm_link_package")
 load("@buildifier_prebuilt//:rules.bzl", "buildifier")
 load("@npm//:defs.bzl", "npm_link_all_packages")
+load("@rules_java//java:java_binary.bzl", "java_binary")
 load("//common:browsers.bzl", "chrome_data", "firefox_data")
 load("//java:browsers.bzl", "chrome_jvm_flags", "firefox_jvm_flags")
 load("//java:defs.bzl", "artifact")

diff --git a/MODULE.bazel b/MODULE.bazel
@@ -34,6 +34,12 @@ single_version_override(
     patches = ["//java:rules_jvm_external_javadoc.patch"],
 )
 
+git_override(
+    module_name = "rules_ruby",
+    commit = "9c932d9167a54b1ae19b8b30d7d9a81c72d4b6e3",
+    remote = "https://github.com/bazel-contrib/rules_ruby",
+)
+
 multitool = use_extension("@rules_multitool//multitool:extension.bzl", "multitool")
 multitool.hub(lockfile = "//:multitool.lock.json")
 use_repo(multitool, "multitool")
@@ -255,7 +261,7 @@ ruby.toolchain(
         "curl",
         "libyaml",
     ],
-    ruby_build_version = "20260110",
+    rv_version = "20260114",
     version_file = "//:rb/.ruby-version",
 )
 ruby.bundle_fetch(
@@ -279,8 +285,6 @@ ruby.bundle_fetch(
         "crack-1.0.1": "ff4a10390cd31d66440b7524eb1841874db86201d5b70032028553130b6d4c7e",
         "csv-3.3.5": "6e5134ac3383ef728b7f02725d9872934f523cb40b961479f69cf3afa6c8e73f",
         "curb-1.0.9": "07e5b74a4836103ce186827528f76a22d3991a9b7c45f5c10ee18ee7b03feb0d",
-        "date-3.5.1": "750d06384d7b9c15d562c76291407d89e368dda4d4fff957eb94962d325a0dc0",
-        "date-3.5.1-java": "12e09477dc932afe45bf768cd362bf73026804e0db1e6c314186d6cd0bee3344",
         "debug-1.11.1": "2e0b0ac6119f2207a6f8ac7d4a73ca8eb4e440f64da0a3136c30343146e952b6",
         "diff-lcs-1.6.2": "9ae0d2cba7d4df3075fe8cd8602a8604993efc0dfa934cff568969efb1909962",
         "drb-2.2.3": "0b00d6fdb50995fe4a45dea13663493c841112e4068656854646f418fda13373",
@@ -308,8 +312,8 @@ ruby.bundle_fetch(
         "pp-0.6.3": "2951d514450b93ccfeb1df7d021cae0da16e0a7f95ee1e2273719669d0ab9df6",
         "prettyprint-0.2.0": "2bc9e15581a94742064a3cc8b0fb9d45aae3d03a1baa6ef80922627a0766f193",
         "prism-1.8.0": "84453a16ef5530ea62c5f03ec16b52a459575ad4e7b9c2b360fd8ce2c39c1254",
-        "psych-5.3.1": "eb7a57cef10c9d70173ff74e739d843ac3b2c019a003de48447b2963d81b1974",
-        "psych-5.3.1-java": "20a4a81ad01479ef060f604ed75ba42fe673169e67d923b1bae5aa4e13cc5820",
+        "psych-5.0.1": "43264252cc33b8e626fb940cddc7379d00f7583500680da32c74a54bd9b000d0",
+        "psych-5.0.1-java": "c4a94895e325d326063f9d53f5e4f231a5df3a6e593ce9563d19b35fe11f800d",
         "public_suffix-7.0.2": "9114090c8e4e7135c1fd0e7acfea33afaab38101884320c65aaa0ffb8e26a857",
         "racc-1.8.1": "4a7f6929691dbec8b5209a0b373bc2614882b55fc5d2e447a21aaa691303d62f",
         "racc-1.8.1-java": "54f2e6d1e1b91c154013277d986f52a90e5ececbe91465d29172e49342732b98",
@@ -354,6 +358,7 @@ ruby.bundle_fetch(
     },
     gemfile = "//:rb/Gemfile",
     gemfile_lock = "//:rb/Gemfile.lock",
+    ruby_version_file = "//:rb/.ruby-version",
 )
 use_repo(ruby, "bundle", "ruby", "ruby_toolchains")
 

diff --git a/common/remote-build/cc/BUILD b/common/remote-build/cc/BUILD
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 # This becomes the BUILD file for @local_config_cc// under non-BSD unixes.
 
+load("@rules_cc//cc:cc_library.bzl", "cc_library")
 load("@rules_cc//cc:defs.bzl", "cc_toolchain", "cc_toolchain_suite")
 load(":armeabi_cc_toolchain_config.bzl", "armeabi_cc_toolchain_config")
 load(":cc_toolchain_config.bzl", "cc_toolchain_config")

diff --git a/common/remote-build/cc/armeabi_cc_toolchain_config.bzl b/common/remote-build/cc/armeabi_cc_toolchain_config.bzl
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ load(
     "feature",
     "tool_path",
 )
+load("@rules_cc//cc/common:cc_common.bzl", "cc_common")
 
 def _impl(ctx):
     toolchain_identifier = "stub_armeabi-v7a"

diff --git a/common/remote-build/cc/cc_toolchain_config.bzl b/common/remote-build/cc/cc_toolchain_config.bzl
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ load(
     "variable_with_value",
     "with_feature_set",
 )
+load("@rules_cc//cc/common:cc_common.bzl", "cc_common")
 
 def layering_check_features(compiler):
     if compiler != "clang":

diff --git a/cpp/linux-specific/BUILD.bazel b/cpp/linux-specific/BUILD.bazel
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+load("@rules_cc//cc:cc_binary.bzl", "cc_binary")
+
 cc_binary(
     name = "noblur64",
     srcs = glob([

diff --git a/java/BUILD.bazel b/java/BUILD.bazel
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 load("@bazel_skylib//rules:common_settings.bzl", "string_flag")
 load("@contrib_rules_jvm//java:defs.bzl", "spotbugs_binary", "spotbugs_config")
+load("@rules_java//java:java_library.bzl", "java_library")
+load("@rules_java//java:java_plugin.bzl", "java_plugin")
 load(":defs.bzl", "artifact")
 
 exports_files(

diff --git a/java/private/BUILD.bazel b/java/private/BUILD.bazel
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+load("@rules_java//java:java_binary.bzl", "java_binary")
 load("@rules_jvm_external//:defs.bzl", "artifact")
 
 exports_files(

diff --git a/java/private/common.bzl b/java/private/common.bzl
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+load("@rules_java//java/common:java_info.bzl", "JavaInfo")
 load("//java/private:module.bzl", "JavaModuleInfo")
 
 MavenInfo = provider(

diff --git a/java/private/dist_info.bzl b/java/private/dist_info.bzl
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+load("@rules_java//java/common:java_info.bzl", "JavaInfo")
 load("//java/private:common.bzl", "MavenInfo", "explode_coordinates", "read_coordinates")
 load("//java/private:module.bzl", "JavaModuleInfo")
 

diff --git a/java/private/module.bzl b/java/private/module.bzl
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+load("@rules_java//java/common:java_common.bzl", "java_common")
+load("@rules_java//java/common:java_info.bzl", "JavaInfo")
+
 _GatheredModuleInfo = provider(
     fields = {
         "name": "Name of the module, may be `None`.",

diff --git a/java/test/org/openqa/selenium/firefox/BUILD.bazel b/java/test/org/openqa/selenium/firefox/BUILD.bazel
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+load("@rules_java//java:java_library.bzl", "java_library")
 load("@rules_jvm_external//:defs.bzl", "artifact")
 load("//common:defs.bzl", "copy_file")
 load("//java:defs.bzl", "JUNIT5_DEPS", "java_selenium_test_suite", "java_test_suite")

diff --git a/java/test/org/openqa/selenium/grid/router/BUILD.bazel b/java/test/org/openqa/selenium/grid/router/BUILD.bazel
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+load("@rules_java//java:java_library.bzl", "java_library")
 load("@rules_jvm_external//:defs.bzl", "artifact")
 load("//java:defs.bzl", "BIDI_BROWSERS", "JUNIT5_DEPS", "SINGLE_BROWSER", "java_selenium_test_suite", "java_test_suite")
 load("//java:version.bzl", "TOOLS_JAVA_VERSION")

diff --git a/java/test/org/openqa/selenium/netty/server/BUILD.bazel b/java/test/org/openqa/selenium/netty/server/BUILD.bazel
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+load("@rules_java//java:java_library.bzl", "java_library")
 load("@rules_jvm_external//:defs.bzl", "artifact")
 load("//java:defs.bzl", "JUNIT5_DEPS", "java_test_suite")
 

diff --git a/javascript/grid-ui/BUILD.bazel b/javascript/grid-ui/BUILD.bazel
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ load("@aspect_rules_jest//jest:defs.bzl", "jest_test")
 load("@aspect_rules_js//js:defs.bzl", "js_library")
 load("@aspect_rules_ts//ts:defs.bzl", "ts_project")
 load("@npm//:defs.bzl", "npm_link_all_packages")
+load("@rules_java//java:java_import.bzl", "java_import")
 load("@rules_pkg//pkg:zip.bzl", "pkg_zip")
 load("//java:defs.bzl", "merge_jars")
 

diff --git a/javascript/grid-ui/public/BUILD.bazel b/javascript/grid-ui/public/BUILD.bazel
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+load("@rules_java//java:java_import.bzl", "java_import")
 load("@rules_pkg//pkg:zip.bzl", "pkg_zip")
 
 pkg_zip(

diff --git a/javascript/private/test_suite.bzl b/javascript/private/test_suite.bzl
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+load("@rules_java//java:java_binary.bzl", "java_binary")
 load("@rules_jvm_external//:defs.bzl", "artifact")
 load("//java:defs.bzl", "selenium_test")
 
@@ -28,8 +29,7 @@ def closure_test_suite(name, data = [], browsers = None):
         kwargs["browsers"] = browsers
 
     selenium_test(**kwargs)
-
-    native.java_binary(
+    java_binary(
         name = name + "_debug_server",
         main_class = "org.openqa.selenium.environment.webserver.NettyAppServer",
         data = data,

diff --git a/rb/Gemfile b/rb/Gemfile
@@ -10,3 +10,7 @@ gem 'activesupport', '~> 7.0', require: false, platforms: %i[mri mingw x64_mingw
 gem 'curb', '~> 1.0.5', require: false, platforms: %i[mri mingw x64_mingw]
 gem 'debug', '~> 1.7', require: false, platforms: %i[mri mingw x64_mingw]
 gem 'steep', '~> 1.10.0', require: false, platforms: %i[mri mingw x64_mingw]
+
+# Pin Psych to 5.0.1 because it ships with Ruby 3.2.9 https://stdgems.org/3.2.9/
+# This needs to be updated whenever we upgrade to the new version of Ruby
+gem 'psych', '5.0.1'
diff --git a/rb/Gemfile.lock b/rb/Gemfile.lock
@@ -39,8 +39,6 @@ GEM
       rexml
     csv (3.3.5)
     curb (1.0.9)
-    date (3.5.1)
-    date (3.5.1-java)
     debug (1.11.1)
       irb (~> 1.10)
       reline (>= 0.3.8)
@@ -83,11 +81,9 @@ GEM
       prettyprint
     prettyprint (0.2.0)
     prism (1.8.0)
-    psych (5.3.1)
-      date
+    psych (5.0.1)
       stringio
-    psych (5.3.1-java)
-      date
+    psych (5.0.1-java)
       jar-dependencies (>= 0.1.7)
     public_suffix (7.0.2)
     racc (1.8.1)
@@ -205,6 +201,7 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   curb (~> 1.0.5)
   debug (~> 1.7)
   git (~> 1.19)
+  psych (= 5.0.1)
   rack (~> 2.0)
   rake (~> 13.0)
   rspec (~> 3.0)

diff --git a/scripts/BUILD.bazel b/scripts/BUILD.bazel
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 load("@py_dev_requirements//:requirements.bzl", "requirement")
+load("@rules_java//java:java_binary.bzl", "java_binary")
 load("@rules_python//python:defs.bzl", "py_binary")
 load("//java:defs.bzl", "artifact")