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Update aspects layout and groups data/descriptions
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ShaneCurcuru committed Feb 29, 2024
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1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions .gitignore
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Expand Up @@ -2,3 +2,4 @@ _site/
.sass-cache/
.jekyll-cache/
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30 changes: 27 additions & 3 deletions _aspects/company.md
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Expand Up @@ -3,9 +3,33 @@ title: "Commercial Companies"
excerpt: "Commercial companies outside of the software space."
tags:
- Organization
- Funding
- Commercial
- Funder
vocabulary:
- corporate
- policy
- risk
timescale:
- long
scope:
- medium
relationship:
- ecosystem
- company
primary:
- ecosystem
---

Corporations outside of the software space are still major consumers of software, and in some cases do contribute back to open source projects. While they are not usually as engaged as software-producing companies, most larger corporations do have some level of contribution back to open source projects they use.
## Sustainability Aspects

Besides the ecosystem and type of company (i.e. relation to technology internally), a critical factor in sustainability here is awareness of the open source impact. Companies that are aware of the breadth of open source technology they consume can be good contributors back to communities.
Non-software companies **use** software for their business, but are less likely to care where it comes from.

Companies **see** software as IT tools to run business processes, but aren't necessarily critical to their strategy.

Many companies **aren't aware** of their whole supply chain, or how many FOSS components they use.

## Non-Software Companies

Corporations outside of the software space are still major consumers of software, and in some cases do contribute back to open source projects. While they are not usually as engaged as software-producing companies, most larger corporations do have some level of contribution back to open source projects they use. However awareness of FOSS impact varies widely, and often is not on the radar of many corporate leaders.

Besides the ecosystem and type of company (i.e. relation to technology internally), a critical factor in sustainability here is **awareness** of the open source impact. Companies that are aware of the breadth of open source technology they consume can be good contributors back to communities.
32 changes: 30 additions & 2 deletions _aspects/contributor.md
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Expand Up @@ -4,10 +4,38 @@ excerpt: "Contributors volunteer their efforts directly to a project."
tags:
- Individual
- Governance
refs:
- https://opensource.guide/how-to-contribute/#what-it-means-to-contribute
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_development#Workforce
- https://chaoss.community/kbtopic/contributor/
vocabulary:
- corporate
- policy
timescale:
- immediate
scope:
- very small
relationship:
- contributor
- maintainer
primary:
- project
---

Contributors are the lifeblood of any project. Contributors submit new code, patch bugs, write or edit documentation, and answer questions about projects. Contributors may have some smaller roles in strategic project governance, but not the responsibility of a maintainer or PMC member. Contributors come from around the world and from every kind of person.
Every individual who wants to contribute to open source is a contributor. Their motivations are infinite, but as a whole population many contributors want to understand how they can get paid on a personal level for their work.

## Sustainability Aspects

Contributors **ask**: What kinds of opportunities are there for **me** to get paid for working in open source?

Contributors often **don't know** about sustainability; other than looking for a job at a FOSS-friendly company, most won't have experience with how to get paid independently or how to market themselves.

Contributors **may not care** about the ecosystem or public policy around open source; they primarily want to see how to make a living.

## Contributors - Individuals Who Contribute

Contributors are the lifeblood of any project. Contributors submit new code, designs, or other work, patch bugs, write or edit documentation, and answer questions about projects. Contributors may have some smaller roles in strategic project governance, but not the responsibility of a maintainer or PMC member. Contributors come from around the world and from every kind of person.

Every individual who directly or indirectly submits work (code, docs, whatever) to a project can be thought of as a contributor. Many contributors come and go within one or more projects. Some contributors make a habit of contributing to specific projects on a regular basis. Regular contributors are often made into committers, or people with direct write access to project resources.

Cultivating a steady flow of new contributors to a project is a key factor in individual project sustainability.
Cultivating a steady flow of new contributors to a project is a key factor in individual project sustainability.
33 changes: 32 additions & 1 deletion _aspects/education.md
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@@ -1,14 +1,45 @@
---
title: "Educational Institutions"
excerpt: "Colleges, universities, and any schools that teach technical skills of some kind."
excerpt: "Colleges, universities, and any schools that teach software-related skills of any kind."
tags:
- Organization
- Education
- Funder
vocabulary:
- education
- policy
- research
timescale:
- long
scope:
- medium
relationship:
- government
- project
- research
primary:
- research
---

## Sustainability Aspects

Schools **train** future contributors and leaders, meaning changes here take a long time to show up in the ecosystem.

Universities **research** long-term and complex topics, so make a great partner for sustainability work.

Researchers are **already working** on deep sustainability topics across the spectrum.

## Educational Institutions

Education's importance to sustainability is everywhere: from core STEM concepts teaching in lower grades, to traditional university curricula related to software or technology fields, to non-traditional places that people can learn about software or open source concepts.

- **Research** Institutions are starting to work on real research into sustainability topics specifically in the open source space.
- **Contributions** Many academic groups find that contributing their code to open source directly helps them meet scientific goals around sharing information.
- **Grant Funding** Higher education institutions often manage grant funding of a variety of projects, and some institutions have policies to ensure their work is made open source in some way.
- **Education** Institutions are starting to truly teach open source concepts - not just software engineering, but how open source is a process and method for driving innovation in distributed communities.

## Sustainability Questions

Academic researchers have many ways to coordinate, amplify, and discover research. How do we build more connections with contributors/maintainers, foundations, and companies to make use of sustainability research?

How sustainable are academic software projects and data sets? Are there ways to help academics build sustainable practices into their code work as well as their current research papers?
38 changes: 36 additions & 2 deletions _aspects/foundation.md
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Expand Up @@ -5,11 +5,39 @@ tags:
- Organization
- Funder
- Governance
refs:
- https://chaoss.community/kbtopic/ecosystem/
- https://chaoss.community/kbtopic/organization/
vocabulary:
- community
- governance
- legal
- technical
timescale:
- moderate
scope:
- medium
relationship:
- project
- contributor
- maintainer
primary:
- project
---

Non-profit foundations provide services for one or more open source projects. Many foundations directly host project communities, giving them both a legal, fiscal, organizational, and sometimes structured home separate from the individual developers. Some foundations provide a more hands-off set of services, often involving fiscal pass-through of fundraising monies.
## Sustainability Aspects

Foundations are typically distinct from traditional software companies in terms of governance. Foundations typically have boards and bylaws that focus on the needs of their project communities or the vendors investing in that ecosystem - not shareholders. Key aspects to foundations include:
Foundations **care** about community health, and legal and fiscal risks to their own projects.

Foundations **include** many of the key people who are technical and organizational leaders in the software ecosystem.

Foundations **are open** in much of their governance and activities; this can help serve as examples for sustainability work and research.

## FOSS Foundations

Non-profit foundations provide services for one or more open source projects. Many [FOSS foundations directly host project communities](https://fossfoundation.info/), giving them both a legal, fiscal, organizational, and sometimes structured home separate from the individual developers. Some foundations provide a more hands-off set of services, often involving fiscal pass-through of fundraising monies.

Foundations are typically distinct from traditional software companies in terms of governance. Foundations (non-profit ones at least) typically have boards and bylaws that focus on the needs of their project communities or the vendors investing in that ecosystem - not shareholders. Key aspects to foundations include:

- **Governance** Some foundations like the ASF and Eclipse provide governance models and mentoring for hosted project communities.
- **Trademark and IP Ownership** Foundations may be the legal owner for trademarks, copyrights, and other project IP, ensuring that individual maintainers are not directly responsible.
Expand All @@ -18,3 +46,9 @@ Foundations are typically distinct from traditional software companies in terms
- **Technical Infrastructure** Foundations provide domain name ownership, additional cloud and build resources, and often infrastructure or DevOps paid staff that can provide various build and hosting services to hosted projects.
- **Community Management** Most foundations either have direct community management and mentoring services, or provide a shared environment where hosted projects can find volunteers to assist in these tasks.
- **Legal Liability Shield** Many foundations serve as the official publisher of code, providing some levels of legal liability capture in the organization rather than individuals submitting code.

## Sustainability Questions

How can foundations focus their efforts on broader sustainability issues? For volunteer-run foundations, it's often difficult to find the time to build larger programs that focus outside their project(s).

How do we model the project services of foundations? Over at [ChooseAFoundation](http://chooseafoundation.com/) there's a brief guide between some popular foundations, but what if we could provide a richer model of services provided to new communities?
20 changes: 19 additions & 1 deletion _aspects/government.md
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Expand Up @@ -6,6 +6,20 @@ tags:
- Policy
- Funder
- Grant
vocabulary:
- legal
- policy
- standards
timescale:
- long
scope:
- large
relationship:
- ecosystem
- company
- education
primary:
- legal
---

Governments may seem removed from open source communities, but impact sustainability in many ways over the long term.
Expand All @@ -15,4 +29,8 @@ Governments may seem removed from open source communities, but impact sustainabi
- **Software contributions** Whether with direct contributions due to use in government agencies, or through consultant or third party contributions focused on providing support to agencies, governments often drive significant contributions.
- **Grant funding** Many government agencies lead or influence funding grants for a wide variety of purposes.

Governments also introduce complexity when legislation or policy differs by jurisdiction. While open source software is just "everywhere on the internet", the communities of organizations and individuals that manage that software are constrained by their jurisdiction.
Governments also introduce complexity when legislation or policy differs by jurisdiction. While open source software is just "everywhere on the internet", the communities of organizations and individuals that manage that software are constrained by their jurisdiction.

## Sustainability Questions

Government involvement, policy, and funding vary widely in different jurisdictions. How can we use the organized experience in the EU for funded research or project grant work in other countries? Are there vocabularly translations between EU policy makers and US policy makers?
39 changes: 36 additions & 3 deletions _aspects/maintainer.md
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Expand Up @@ -4,12 +4,40 @@ excerpt: "Maintainers are individuals in charge of a software project."
tags:
- Individual
refs:
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_maintainer
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_maintainer
- https://chaoss.community/kbtopic/community/
vocabulary:
- technical
- governance
- individual
timescale:
- quickly
scope:
- small
relationship:
- contributor
- project
primary:
- project
---

As creators and leaders of organized software projects, maintainers very much wonder why their work often isn't financially recognized.

## Sustainability Aspects

Maintainers **understand** their projects, ecosystem, and often the scope of the companies that use their software.

Maintainers **are** organized in terms of project work, but often don't have any legal or financial structures around their project.

Maintainers **vary widely** in their knowledge and skills around self-marketing, taxes, and managing businesses; many may not want to create a business to better accept funding.

*Pay the Maintainers* often refers to [a number of software sponsorship programs being created](https://fossfunding.com/).

## Software Maintainers

Maintainers are individuals who are in charge of maintaining a software project. Maintainers may own the core software repository, and have the rights to publish releases, update the website, and manage the project overall. Projects may have a sole maintainer, or may have a team or community of maintainers.

A maintainer has a higher level of responsibility and access than other contributors or committers, because maintainers typically can change the list of who has write access to the code repository or website.
A maintainer has a higher level of responsibility and access than other contributors or committers, because maintainers typically can change the list of who has write access to the code repository or website. Depending on the ecosystem, *Maintainers* might also be known as the people in a *Technical Steering Committee* (LF) or *[Project Management Committee](/aspects/pmc)* (ASF).

The maintainer role has several aspects:

Expand All @@ -18,4 +46,9 @@ The maintainer role has several aspects:
- Financial: many maintainers manage one or more projects outside of a traditional work environment, either in their spare time, or as just part of a paid position. Hence many maintainers are not directly paid in a way that's tied directly to the project's work.
- Social / Emotional: maintainers often identify with their projects, and sometimes write about how overwhelming it is to feel responsible in the face of bugs, complaints, and questions from large numbers of users.

Many projects do not have maintainers, but rather emphasize a Project Management Committee or entire community of people who are responsible. A key difference is if the project emphasizes the specific people who maintain a project, versus emphasizing the community as a whole (i.e. not focusing on any individuals) is responsible.
Many projects do not have maintainers, but rather emphasize a Project Management Committee or entire community of people who are responsible. A key difference is if the project emphasizes the specific people who maintain a project, versus emphasizing the community as a whole (i.e. not focusing on any individuals) is responsible.

## Sustainability Questions

Maintainers have plenty of perspective and connections - how can this be harnessed at scale in an organized fashion to help promote other sustainability aspects? Many of the maintainers crying out for funding still promote the personal perspective, not necessarily the ecosystem or public policy perspective.

14 changes: 0 additions & 14 deletions _aspects/ngo.md

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8 changes: 6 additions & 2 deletions _aspects/pmc.md
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Expand Up @@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ tags:
- Governance
---

Many projects at foundations and some independent projects have Project Management Committees (PMC) or similarly named Technical Management Committee groups. These groups are documented and recognized as being in charge of project direction and major technical decisions, as well as deciding who gets to join the PMC or body of committers.
Many projects at foundations and some independent projects have Project Management Committees (PMC) or Technical Steering Committee groups. These groups are documented and recognized as being in charge of project direction and major technical decisions, as well as deciding who gets to join the PMC or body of committers.

Many of the same aspects of Maintainers apply to PMCs; however the emphasis here is on the *collective* ownership of responsibility as a whole group or committee. The individuals are typically less important in perception than the group as a whole, which is often expected to change over time.
Most aspects of [Maintainers](/aspects/maintainer) apply to PMCs; however the emphasis here is on the *collective* ownership of responsibility as a whole group or committee. The individuals are typically less important in perception than the group as a whole, which is often expected to change over time. Also, *Maintainers* are purely self-organized; PMCs are more often organized under a [foundation](/aspects/foundation) or [software company](/aspects/software-company).

## Sustainability Questions

Are there ways to approach individual PMCs about sustainability topics that can help influence their foundations?
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