Master_thesis_initial_task_1.ipynb

{
  "nbformat": 4,
  "nbformat_minor": 0,
  "metadata": {
    "colab": {
      "name": "Master_thesis_initial_task.ipynb",
      "provenance": []
    },
    "kernelspec": {
      "name": "python3",
      "display_name": "Python 3"
    },
    "accelerator": "GPU"
  },
  "cells": [
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "3ETsQ4wV1Ea5",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "**MOUNTING OF THE GOOGLE DRIVE TO IMPORT THE DATASETS**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "DCCS5FoUJhJE",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "6898bdd5-a2e0-4836-de7a-baa648556238",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 35
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "from google.colab import drive\n",
        "drive.mount('/content/drive')"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "Drive already mounted at /content/drive; to attempt to forcibly remount, call drive.mount(\"/content/drive\", force_remount=True).\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "hlnxWgR1YX63",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "**Performing NLP on Legal tech is very critical because of non availiablity of the datasets. And hence processing of dataset also play a key role in such domains. Hence I have use 3 datasets of different formats so that I can engage myself to get in hand experiece before starting the actual thesis**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "b8Ckry8rkK6a",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "**MANDATORY CELLS TO BE RUN - IRRESPECTIVE OF THE DATASET**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "LmPodb8qsd6U",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "61764ae3-60a3-44f3-e0a2-8a3442c7225d",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 287
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "from bs4 import BeautifulSoup\n",
        "from nltk.corpus import stopwords\n",
        "from nltk.stem import WordNetLemmatizer\n",
        "import nltk\n",
        "import warnings\n",
        "import gensim \n",
        "import glob\n",
        "from gensim.models import Word2Vec\n",
        "nltk.download('stopwords')\n",
        "import re\n",
        "from nltk import word_tokenize, sent_tokenize\n",
        "from nltk.corpus import stopwords\n",
        "from nltk.stem.porter import PorterStemmer\n",
        "from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer\n",
        "nltk.download('punkt')\n",
        "nltk.download('averaged_perceptron_tagger')\n",
        "from nltk.tokenize import PunktSentenceTokenizer\n",
        "nltk.download('maxent_ne_chunker')\n",
        "nltk.download('words')\n",
        "nltk.download('wordnet')\n",
        "warnings.filterwarnings(action = 'ignore')\n",
        "from string import punctuation\n",
        "\n",
        "#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#\n",
        "\n",
        "#Python program to convert a list to string \n",
        "    \n",
        "# Function to convert   \n",
        "def listToString(s):  \n",
        "    \n",
        "    # initialize an empty string \n",
        "    text = \"\"  \n",
        "    \n",
        "    # traverse in the string   \n",
        "    for ele in s:  \n",
        "        text += ele   \n",
        "    \n",
        "    # return string   \n",
        "    return text  \n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#\n",
        "\n",
        "# For conversion from string to list because while chunking we will convert list to string\n",
        "def Convert(string): \n",
        "    li = list(string.split(\" \")) \n",
        "    return li"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "[nltk_data] Downloading package stopwords to /root/nltk_data...\n",
            "[nltk_data]   Package stopwords is already up-to-date!\n",
            "[nltk_data] Downloading package punkt to /root/nltk_data...\n",
            "[nltk_data]   Package punkt is already up-to-date!\n",
            "[nltk_data] Downloading package averaged_perceptron_tagger to\n",
            "[nltk_data]     /root/nltk_data...\n",
            "[nltk_data]   Package averaged_perceptron_tagger is already up-to-\n",
            "[nltk_data]       date!\n",
            "[nltk_data] Downloading package maxent_ne_chunker to\n",
            "[nltk_data]     /root/nltk_data...\n",
            "[nltk_data]   Package maxent_ne_chunker is already up-to-date!\n",
            "[nltk_data] Downloading package words to /root/nltk_data...\n",
            "[nltk_data]   Package words is already up-to-date!\n",
            "[nltk_data] Downloading package wordnet to /root/nltk_data...\n",
            "[nltk_data]   Package wordnet is already up-to-date!\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "rInKO2VFliyL",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "**DATASET - 1 (IMPORTING AND OTHER VARIABLE CONVERSIONS)**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "L2-Fq3l0NyVS",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "I have used beautiful soup library for extracting and parsing the content from xml files. The dataset had 3 directories **fulltext** containing the whole court proceedings, **summary** containing only technical abstract of the each case filed and the **class** containing the history and details of the cases.\n",
        "\n",
        "I have used the content under the tag **citances** which is from the file summary because it had the most informative part of the cases such as the **participanting parties**,**location** where the case proceedings were held and other details such as time. \n",
        "\n",
        "Dataset can be downloaded from - https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Legal+Case+Reports\n",
        "\n",
        "Note - The data set has 4000 recorded cases but for the initial task I am using randomly chosen 45 cases from it. The reason is that using a sample of data from it will not affect the accuracy of basic nlp tasks."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "AmddqbYiM-wM",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "0d1c1158-6b45-446b-ce77-4347e4b939d5",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 1000
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "\n",
        "con = \" \"\n",
        "for file in glob.glob(\"/content/drive/My Drive/Test_corpus_SUMM/*\"):\n",
        "        with open(file, 'r') as infile2:\n",
        "                con += listToString(infile2.readlines()) \n",
        "                \n",
        "soup = BeautifulSoup(con, 'lxml')\n",
        "contents = \" \"\n",
        "required0 = soup.find_all(\"citances\")\n",
        "for i in required0:\n",
        "    contents+=i.get_text()\n",
        "print(contents)\n",
        "\n",
        "    # The chunking function is slowing down the execution if I use the whole dataset therefore I am using a single arbitrary case\n",
        "    # from the list.\n",
        "with open('/content/drive/My Drive/Test_corpus_SUMM/06_31.xml', \"r\") as f:\n",
        "        contents_read = f.read()\n",
        "        soup = BeautifulSoup(contents_read, 'lxml') \n",
        "required1 = soup.find_all(\"citances\")\n",
        "train_sentence_sample = []\n",
        "for i in required1:\n",
        "    train_sentence_sample.append(i.get_text())\n",
        "    \n",
        "  # The chunking function is slowing down the execution if I use the whole dataset therefore I am using a single arbitrary case\n",
        "# from the list.  \n",
        "with open('/content/drive/My Drive/Test_corpus_SUMM/06_36.xml', \"r\") as f:\n",
        "        contents_read = f.read()\n",
        "        soup = BeautifulSoup(contents_read, 'lxml')\n",
        "required2 = soup.find_all(\"citances\")\n",
        "test_sentence_sample = []\n",
        "for i in required2:\n",
        "    test_sentence_sample.append(i.get_text())"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            " \n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            " \n",
            " 38 Mitre 10 claims that these circumstances are very clearly analogous to those in which an interlocutory injunction was granted in favour of Clark Rubber by Goldberg J in Intellectual Property Pty Ltd v Mygroups Pty Ltd. [9] In that case, Goldberg J restrained an operator of a foam-rubber product store in Victoria from trading whilst the store's exterior was painted in bright yellow, with red and blue lettering for signage. That was the same combination of colours used by Clark Rubber on its stores selling the same or similar products. The evidence was that Clark Rubber had 70 stores Australia-wide, 65 of which used that colour scheme. It had traded in Australia for 60 years. The selection of colours was accepted by his Honour to be, rather than functional or utilitarian, idiosyncratic. His Honour accepted that on the evidence in that case there was a serious question to be tried that: \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " ... the Clark Rubber colour scheme is quite distinctive and that it creates a strong impression with consumers who view it independently of the name 'Clark Rubber'. [10] \n",
            "\n",
            "As noted above on the evidence before the Court it was not possible to establish what the common understanding of the parties was at the time of the Agreement. As to events since both the prior iterations of Appendix D and the Agreement itself it appears as Gray ACJ said in Australian Liquor, Hospitality and Miscellaneous Workers Union v Prestige Property Service Pty Ltd [2006] FCA 11 at 44 \" [T] here can be no meeting of minds, no consensus, if no-one has thought about the issue . \" \n",
            "31 Counsel for the applicant contended that the past conduct of the parties could be relied upon as an aid in the construction of the Certified Agreement. There is authority that, if a provision has appeared in a series of agreements between the same parties, and if they can be shown to have conducted themselves according to a common understanding of the meaning of that provision, then it can be taken that they have agreed that the term should continue to have the commonly understood meaning in the current agreement. See Merchant Service Guild of Australia v Sydney Steam Collier Owners & Coal Stevedores Association (1958) 1 FLR 248 at 251 per Spicer CJ, 254 per Dunphy J and 257 per Morgan J, and Printing & Kindred Industries Union v Davies Bros Ltd (1986) 18 IR 444 at 452-453. It is necessary to take great care in the application of this limited principle, to avoid infringing the general principle that the conduct of parties to an agreement cannot be taken into account in construing the agreement. For the limited principle to operate, there must be clear evidence that the parties have acted upon a common understanding as to the meaning of the relevant provision and not for other reasons, such as common inadvertence as to its true meaning. See Australian Liquor, Hospitality and Miscellaneous Workers Union v Prestige Property Services Pty Ltd [2006] FCA 11 at [44] . \n",
            "\n",
            "(e) As a general rule, the discretionary power to order separate determination of a question should be approached with caution: Perre v Apand Pty Ltd [1999] HCA 36 ; (1999) 198 CLR 180 at [436] , per Callinan J; Tepko Pty Limited v The Water Board [2001] HCA 19 ; (2001) 206 CLR 1 , at [168]---[170] per Kirby and Callinan JJ: Commonwealth Bank v Clune [2008] NSWSC 1125 at [6] , per Johnson J; Bailey and Bailey v Director-General Department of Energy Climate Change and Water and Ors [2010] NSWSC 979 at [4] per Studdert AJ. (f) In exercising its discretion, the overriding purpose of the Civil Procedure Act 2005 , namely the just, quick and cheap resolution of the real issues in the proceedings (s 56) must be given effect. (g) Generally, all questions of fact and law should be determined at the one time: Tallglen Pty Ltd v Pay TV Holdings Pty Ltd (1996) 22 ACSR 130 at 141-42; SPI Spirits (Cyprus) Ltd v Diageo Australia Ltd [2006] FCA 14. If the Court is to depart from that position, the party seeking the separate determination of a question must satisfy the Court that it would be 'just and convenient' for that order to be made: Reading Australia Pty Ltd v Australian Mutual Provident Society [1999] FCA 718 at [8] - [9], see also Energy Australia v Australian Energy Limited [2001] FCA 1049. (h) While it may appear attractive, superficially, to order the trial of a separate question, experience often shows that it will not be so, for example, because of the complications that can arise in relation to appeals, or to overlapping factual issues, or to questions of credit, if the same witnesses have to give evidence in relation to a question that is separated and those questions that are not: Idoport Pty Ltd v National Australia Bank Ltd [2000] NSWSC 1215 at [7(6)] per Einstein J.; Owners Corporation Sp 70672 v Trustees of Roman Catholic Church [2010] NSWSC 946 at [16] per Ball J.\n",
            "27 The legal principles that govern the exercise of the Court's discretion under this rule have been discussed in a number of recent cases, and are well established: see Bass v Permanent Trustee Co Ltd [1999] HCA 9 ; (1999) 198 CLR 334 (' Bass' ) at 355-359; Tepko Pty Ltd v Water Board [2001] HCA 19 ; (2001) 206 CLR 1 (' Tepko' ) at 55; Reading Australia Pty Ltd v Australian Mutual Provident Society [1999] FCA 718 ; (1999) 217 ALR 495 (' Reading' ) at 497-500 [7]-[11]; Direct Factory Outlets Homebush Pty Ltd v Property Council of Australia [2005] FCA 1002 ( 'Direct Factory Outlets' ) at [2]-[4]; Souflett Beheer v AWB Limited [2004] FCA 518 ( 'Souflett Beheer' ) at [19]-[20]; Kockums AB v Commonwealth [2002] FCAFC 138 at [38] - [41] ; SmithKline Beecham (Aust) Pty Ltd v Chipman [2002] FCA 674 (' SmithKline' ) at [35]-[39]; SPI Spirits (Cyprus) Ltd v Diageo Australia Ltd [2006] FCA 14 (' Diageo' ) at [22]-[27]; Save the Ridge Inc v Commonwealth [2005] FCAFC 203 ; (2005) 147 FCR 97 ( 'Save the Ridge' ) at 103-104 [15]-[17]; Rainsford v Victoria [2005] FCAFC 163 ; (2005) 144 FCR 279 (' Rainsford' ) at 291-294 36-44; Director of Fisheries (NT) v Arnhem Land Aboriginal Land Trust [2001] FCA 98 ; (2001) 109 FCR 488 ( 'Director of Fisheries' ) at 521 [139] and 526-527 [163]; and Tallglen Pty Ltd v Pay TV Holdings Pty Ltd (1996) 22 ACSR 130 (' Tallglen' ) at 141-142.\n",
            "\n",
            "(b) Apart from situations involving the conduct of investigations or the suppression of crime in general terms, police may in some situations:\n",
            "(i) owe a duty of care in the same way as any other member of the community (what might be termed a \"civilian\" duty of care)---for instance, to drive with appropriate care (Norman v Spiers [2004] ACTCA 25 ; [2004] ACTCA 25 ; (2004) 155 ACTR 8 ; Schilling v Lenton); and\n",
            "(ii) owe a duty of care to people in police custody (Howard v Jarvis; Riley); and\n",
            "(iii) assume a duty of care to an identifiable person or group of persons, in which case they may be liable for negligence constituted at least by specific positive acts, and possibly more generally by acts, that result in damage to such persons (Knightley, Rigby, Gibson, Zalewski, Richards; the police admissions in Ashley are also consistent with this proposition, and in Rush v Commissioner of Police [2006] FCA 12 ; (2006) 150 FCR 165 , Finn J at [97] referred to several other cases in which a duty of care has been assumed or found to exist).\n",
            "20 While latitude must be given to police in the judgments and decisions that must be made in their discharge of their common law and statutory duties to enforce the criminal law, [30] the law does not call for a stark choice between an unfettered discharge of law enforcement responsibilities and the protection of members of the public from unnecessary harm. Police do not enjoy blanket immunity from suits in negligence. [31] It has been well recognised that an officer may owe a duty of care to prevent injury to the subject of a police operation or to a third person. I should refer to a number of cases that bear some similarity to the present circumstances in which a duty was found to exist. In Knightley v Johns [32] a policeman was found to have acted negligently in performing duties regulating traffic flow following an accident; in Rigby v Chief Constable of Northamptonshire [33] police were found to have been negligent when, in a siege situation, they shot a canister of gas into a building causing the building to catch fire; and in Schilling v Lenton [34] a police officer pursuing a speeding driver was found to owe a duty of care to other motorists (as well as to the subject of the pursuit). Knightley and Rigby were cited by Lord Keith in Hill in support of the proposition that a police office may be liable in negligence for the direct results of his acts or omissions. [35]  Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire, [11] Smith v Chief Constable of Sussex Police . [12] \n",
            " (2) Where police in the course of investigation injure the person under investigation. Brooks v Commissioner of the Metropolis, [13] Sullivan v Moody, [14] Tame v New South Wales, [15] Pinfold, Stewart v Ronalds, Rush v Commissioner of Police, [16] Cran v State of New South Wales, [17] Rickard v State of New South Wales. [18] \n",
            " (3) Where police in the course of investigation injure the person under investigation and a family member of the person under investigation suffers indirect injury. Halech v State of South Australia, [19] State of New South Wales v Klein. \n",
            " \n",
            " 27 The appellants' submission cannot be sustained. It was recognised in Sullivan v Moody that people may be subject to a number of duties, provided they are not 'irreconcilable'. [41] While a duty of care will be denied which is inconsistent with a duty which the law imposes on police in the exercise of their powers [42] the duty of care in contemplation in Zalewski was not such a duty. It is only where the duty of care 'would give rise to inconsistent obligations' that a duty should be denied. Such inconsistency may not be present when the performance of the one duty does not of necessity require action that would create a substantial risk that the putative duty, if it existed, would be infringed. \n",
            "I have already rejected the first proposition. The second proposition, even if established, could not justify the final relief sought. The only remedy available for a breach of the rules of procedural fairness would be an order setting aside the Commissioner's decision to depart from the concession with a concomitant order to reconsider his decision to do so: Re Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs; Ex parte Lam [2003] HCA 6 ; (2003) 214 CLR 1 at 21 [66] - [67] per McHugh and Gummow JJ, 48 [148] per Callinan J; Rush v Commissioner of Police [2006] FCA 12 ; (2006) 150 FCR 165 at 186-187 [82] per Finn J. \n",
            "Hooper v Kirella has been regularly followed and applied in preliminary discovery applications in this Court: see, e.g., Allphones Retail Pty Ltd v Australian Competition & Consumer Commission [2009] FCA 980 ; (2009) 259 ALR 354 ; Wyeth v Secretary, Department of Health and Ageing [2009] FCA 313 ; (2009) 255 ALR 352 ; Optiver Australia Pty Ltd v Tibra Trading Pty Ltd [2007] FCA 1560 ; (2007) 163 FCR 554 (' Optiver '); Rush v Commissioner of Police [2006] FCA 12 ; (2006) 150 FCR 165 ; and Kennedy v Wallace (2004) 208 ALR 424. \n",
            "In Sanders v Snell (1998) 196 CLR 329 at 346 Gleeson CJ, Gaudron, Kirby and Hayne JJ again directed attention to the element of the tort that it be \" intentional \". In Rush v Commissioner of Police [2006] FCA 12 [2006] FCA 12 ; , 150 FCR 165 at 197 to 198 Finn J likewise observed: \n",
            " \n",
            " [121] ... the tort can take two forms. In one form (that of \"targeted malice\") it must be shown that the public officer in question has acted as such with an actual intent to cause injury to a person or persons. In its alternate form it must be shown either that the officer has actual knowledge both that his or her action was beyond power and would cause or be likely to cause injury or else that the officer has acted with reckless indifference both to the possibility his or her action was beyond power and to the possibility that that action would cause or be likely to cause injury: ... ' \n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            " \n",
            "30 It is well accepted that in certain circumstances police officers owe a duty of care to prevent the occasioning of foreseeable harm: see Rush v Commissioner of Police Officers [2006] FCA 12 ; 150 FCR 165 at 191 [97] for a collection of cases in which a duty of care has been assumed or found to exist. Police officers do not enjoy blanket immunity against suits in negligence: see State of NSW v Tyszyk [2008] NSWCA 107 at [121] - [128]; Zalewski v Turcarolo [1995] VicRp 76 ; [1995] 2 VR 562 ; Knightley v Johns [1981] EWCA Civ 6 ; [1982] 1 WLR 349 ; and Rigby v Chief Constable of Northamptonshire [1985] 1 WLR 1242. \n",
            "In my opinion, to meet the objectives of the rule, the bar should not be set too high. Nevertheless, as I have said earlier in these reasons, a respondent to an application should not be subjected to the process and a subsequent order if the claimed entitlement is based largely on surmise, speculation or conjecture. (See Gerard Industries v Wee [(1986) 43 SASR 562] and Rush v Commissioner of Police [2006] FCA 12 ; (2006) 150 FCR 165). \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            "The ACCC did not argue that the relevant principles were other than those encapsulated in Hooper v Kirella Pty Ltd [1999] FCA 1584 ; 96 FCR 1 at [31] ---[34] (pp 10---11). The ACCC also referred me to Rush v Commissioner of Police [2006] FCA 12 ; (2006) 150 FCR 165 at [3] ---[7] (pp 168---170). The ACCC resisted Allphones' application on two broad grounds, namely: (a) The proposed proceedings are merely speculative; and (b) In any event, Allphones has not been able to demonstrate that the proposed proceedings against the relevant ACCC official (as distinct from and in addition to proceedings against the ACCC itself) are necessary in the interests of justice.  In Rush v Commissioner of Police [2006] FCA 12 ; (2006) 150 FCR 165 at [3] ---[7] (pp 168---170), Finn J said: Order 15A, rr 3 and 6 of the Federal Court Rules 1979 (Cth) provide respectively for what is colloquially known as \"identity discovery\" and \"information discovery\": see generally Hooper v Kirella Pty Ltd [1999] FCA 1584 ; (1999) 96 FCR 1. I am empowered by our Rules to order identity discovery where (i) an applicant, having made reasonable inquiries, is unable to ascertain the description of a person sufficiently for the purpose of commencing a proceeding in this Court against that person; and (ii) it appears that some other person has, has had, or is likely to have knowledge of facts or possession of any document tending to assist in ascertaining who that person is. Information discovery in contrast is discovery against the very person against whom relief may be sought.\n",
            "Such a cause of action may be viable in the United Kingdom: see R v North and East Devon Health Authority; Ex parte Coughlan [2001] QB 213. However, it is not open for me to entertain the argument for it has been held on high authority that Australian law knows no action based on substantive legitimate expectations: see Re Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs; Ex parte Lam [2003] HCA 6 ; (2003) 214 CLR 1 at 21 [66] - [67] per McHugh and Gummow JJ, 48 [148] per Callinan J. See also Rush v Commissioner of Police [2006] FCA 12 ; (2006) 150 FCR 165 at 186-187 [82] per Finn J. Misfeasance in a public office\n",
            " \n",
            "84 A most important aspect of the duties of a constable concerns preventing and detecting crime ( Glasbrook Bros v Glamorgan County Council [1924] UKHL 3 ; [1925] AC 270 at 277; Thomas v Sawkins [1935] 2 KB 249 ; Rice v Connolly [1966] 2 QB 414 at 419). Constables' duties concerning crime extend to collecting evidence concerning crime and keeping it for as long as is necessary ( R v Lushington; ex parte Otto [1894] 1 QB 420 at 423; Betts v Stevens [1910] 1 KB 1 at 7; Ludwig v Public Trustee [2006] NSWSC 890 ; (2006) 170 A Crim R 460 at [53] - [55] and cases there cited), enforcing the criminal law ( R v Metropolitan Police Commissioner; ex parte Blackburn [1968] 2 QB 118 ; Rush v Commissioner of Police [2006] FCA 12 ; (2006) 150 FCR 165 at [91] ; Hinchcliffe v Commissioner of Police of the Australian Federal Police [2001] FCA 1747 ; (2001) 118 FCR 308 at [33] - [35]) and protecting property from criminal injury ( Glasbrook v Glamorgan Council at 277; Rice v Connolly at 419). However in the present case there is no suggestion that the activities of the two constables were connected in any way with their powers and duties concerning crime. \n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            "4 It is unnecessary for me to refer in detail to the growing body of case law on preliminary discovery. Because of their immediate relevance, it is sufficient for present purposes to refer to observations I made in Rush v Commissioner of Police [2006] FCA 12 ; (2006) 229 ALR 383 at [6] - [7]:\n",
            " \n",
            " \"Information discovery under O 15A r 6 is significantly limited by the conditions imposed in subparas (a), (b) and (c) of that rule. Subpara (a) requires that there be reasonable cause to believe that the applicant has or may have the right to obtain relief in the Court. While the threshold test under this subrule may be set at quite a low level (see Gull Petroleum (WA) Ltd v Tah Land Pty Ltd [2001] FCA 1531 at [59] ), the test for determining whether the applicant has a reasonable cause to have the requisite belief is an objective one (see Hooper [1999] FCA 1584 ; [96 FCR 1] at [39] ).\n",
            "A useful purpose is to be served by allowing pre-action discovery where there is doubt that a claim may be maintained. In my opinion, to meet the objectives of the rule, the bar should not be set too high. Nevertheless, as I have said earlier in these reasons, a respondent to an application should not be subjected to the process and a subsequent order if the claimed entitlement is based largely on surmise, speculation or conjecture. (See Gerard Industries v Wee (supra) and Rush v Commissioner of Police [2006] FCA 12 ; (2006) 150 FCR 165)  BELCAR PTY LTD v PREMIER AUTOMOTIVE GROUP AUSTRALIA PTY LTD \n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            " [2007] SASC 240 \n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            " Reasons of Judge Burley a Master of the Supreme Court \n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            " 29 June 2007 \n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            " \n",
            " PROCEDURE - DISCOVERY AND INTERROGATORIES \n",
            " \n",
            " Pre-action discovery - contractual relationship between parties terminated - whether possible causes of action available to plaintiff - whether plaintiff entitled to pre-action discovery - meaning and effect of rule. Supreme Court Civil Rules 2006 r 32; Supreme Court Rules 1987 r 60, r 60.02(a); Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) s 51AA, s 51AB, s 51AC, s 52 , s 53 , s 56 , s 57 , s 58 , s 59(2) ; Fair Trading Act 1987 (SA) s 56, s 57, s 58, s 68; Misrepresentation Act 1972 s 7 , referred to. Robertson v Police [1957] NZLR 193 ; Blyth v Blyth [1966] 1 All ER 524 ; Re Woodcock [1957] NZLR 960 ; Briginshaw v Briginshaw [1938] HCA 34 ; (1938) 60 CLR 336 ; Modbury Hospital v O'Loughlin (1988) 49 SASR 452 ; Shaw v Vauxhall Motors [1974] 1 NLR 1035 (C.A.) ; Dunning v United Liverpool Hospital Board [1973] 1 WLR 586 ; Taylor v Santos (1998) 71 SASR 434 ; Gerard Industries v Wee (supra); Rush v Commissioner of Police [2006] FCA 12 ; (2006) 150 FCR 165 ; ACCC v Four Wheel Drive Systems Pty Ltd [2003] FCA 850 ; (2003) 200 ALR 491 , considered. \n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            " BELCAR PTY LTD v PREMIER AUTOMOTIVE GROUP AUSTRALIA PTY LTD \n",
            " [2007] SASC 240 \n",
            "\n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            " \n",
            " Civil \n",
            "\n",
            " \n",
            " JUDGE BURLEY. This is an application pursuant to r 32 of the Supreme Court Civil Rules 2006 whereby the plaintiff seeks the following order: \n",
            " \n",
            " 1.\n",
            "This was said to involve \"bad faith\" in as much as the public officer does not have an honest belief that the act is lawful. \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " His Lordship also held that recklessness as well as actual knowledge of want of power and likely harm was sufficient to show the state of mind necessary to make out the tort: \"It can ... now be regarded as settled law that an act performed in reckless indifference as to the outcome is sufficient to ground the tort in its second form. \"' \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " In Rush v Commissioner of Police [2006] FCA 12 ; (2006) 150 FCR 165 at 197 [121] Finn J said: \n",
            " \n",
            " '... the tort can take two forms. In one form (that of \"targeted malice\") it must be shown that the public officer in question has acted as such with an actual intent to cause injury to a person or persons. In its alternate form it must be shown either that the officer has actual knowledge both that his or her action was beyond power and would cause or be likely to cause injury or else that the officer has acted with reckless indifference both to the possibility his or her action was beyond power and to the possibility that that action would cause or be likely to cause injury...' \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " My understanding is that the applicant has abandoned any allegation that the respondent committed the tort of misfeasance in public office.\n",
            "\n",
            "126 That concession, I think, also has been rightly made. In Re Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs; ex parte Lam [2003] HCA 6 ; (2003) 214 CLR 1 , McHugh and Gummow JJ said at [67] that McHugh J's dissenting judgment in Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh [1995] HCA 20 ; (1995) 183 CLR 273 , in which he said that administrative decision makers must accord parties procedural fairness including bringing to that party's attention the issue on which the decision is likely to turn so as to allow the party to deal with it, meant that there was no need for any doctrine of legitimate expectation and should be accepted as representing the law of Australia. See also Hayne J at [121] and Callinan J at [148]. For the reasons given by Finn J in Rush v Commissioner of Police [2006] FCA 12 , the doctrine of substantive legitimate expectation is not presently part of Australian law. I need, therefore, say no more about the 'other way' of putting the estoppel argument.\n",
            " \n",
            "25 The duty of the Fifth Respondent is to enforce the law. He or she must take steps to post police officers so that crimes may be detected and that honest citizens may go about their affairs in peace. But the Commissioner is not the servant of anyone save the law itself. Although the Commissioner is answerable to the law, there are nevertheless many fields in which the Commissioner will have a discretion with which the law will not interfere. It is for the Commissioner to decide in any particular case whether enquiries should be pursued. It must be for the Commissioner to decide on the disposition of the force and concentration of the resources available on any particular crime or area. No Court can or should give the Commissioner direction on such a matter (per Emmett J in O'Malley at [7], per Lord Denning MR in Blackburn at 136 and per Finn J in Rush v Commissioner of Police [2006] FCA 12 at [91] ).\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "21 As Edmonds J explained in Elsinora Global Ltd v Healthscope Ltd (No. 2) [2006] FCA 18 ; (2006) 61 ATR 482 at [63] :\n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " Subsection 260- 5 (3) of Sch 1 to the Administration Act is a deeming provision. It provides when a person (the third party) is taken to owe money to another (the debtor). In its form and context it is exhaustive and extends to situations where, but for the deeming, the third party may not, or would not, be regarded as owing money to the debtor.\n",
            "Notice under par (a) was treated as a \"trigger\" activating the operative provisions of s 255(1) [61] and a generally similar approach was adopted in Elsinora [62] . Two decisions about s 255 \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " Reference was made in argument to only two other decisions in which the construction and application of s 255 has been considered: Commissioner of Taxation v Wong [59] and Elsinora Global Ltd v Healthscope Ltd (No 2) [60] .\n",
            "For completeness, the corresponding paragraphs or the paragraphs in Elsinora , the judgment of Justice Edmonds, where his Honour agreed with what Justice Lindgren had there said, is Elsinora [2006] FCA 18 ; 227 ALR 570 at 582, which is paragraph [52], and 590, which is paragraph [98].\n",
            "Your Honours, the other case is a decision of Justice Edmonds in Elsinora Global Ltd v Healthscope Ltd [2006] FCA 18 ; (2006) 227 ALR 570 at page 582 and perhaps I could simply refer to paragraph [53] of those reasons where his Honour said:\n",
            "\n",
            " \n",
            " However, in Wong , Lindgren J made it quite clear .\n",
            "\n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            "127 In Elsinora Global Ltd v Healthscope Ltd (No. 2) [2006] FCA 18 ; (2006) 61 ATR 482 , Edmonds J considered a number of issues relating to the operation of s 255. His Honour determined a question only indirectly addressed by Lindgren J in Wong , namely that the obligations under s 255(1) could attach where the recipient of notification did not have control of money belonging to a non-resident at the time of notification: at [51]-[52]. His Honour also affirmed the view expressed in Wong that \"notice or other communication of requirement pursuant to para (a) is the 'trigger' which activates the operative provision of s 255(1) , in particular that without that requirement, the provisions of paras (b), (c) and (d) are not activated\": at [53]. Consistently with the language of s 255(1) , his Honour was correct to avoid the precise language of a notice, and refer to \"notice or other communication of\" the relevant requirement. 28 The notice under s255(1) ITAA is said to be the \"trigger\" that activates the operative provisions ( Commissioner of Taxation v Wong [2002] FCA 756 ; (2002) 121 FCR 60 per Lindgren J at 23): [79]. His Honour considered Elsinora Global Ltd v Healthscope Ltd [2006] FCA 18 ; (2005) 227 ALR 570 ; 2006 ATC 4061. That case held that it is not necessary for the person receiving the notice to have \" receipt control or disposal \" of the money belonging to the non-resident at the time of the notice. The operative provisions will be triggered if and when the person subsequently has the \" receipt, control or disposal \" of the money: [81]. Further, money so received will belong to a non-resident where there is an obligation annexed to the relevant money in favour of the non-resident: [81]. In Elsinora (supra) the court considered the decision in Clyne v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation [1981] HCA 40 ; (1981) 150 CLR 1. There it was held that notices under s218 ITAA prevented any subsequent dealing with the money in question that would preclude compliance with the notice when the time for compliance arrived. Subsequent actions by a taxpayer could not render the requirement nugatory or ineffective: [83]. \n",
            "3 The Deputy Commissioner of Taxation abandoned her appeal from the decision of Edmonds J in Elsinora Global Ltd v Healthscope Ltd (No 2) [2006] FCA 18 ; (2006) 227 ALR 570. As a result, the only issues before the Court are those raised by the cross-appeal instituted by the first to sixth cross-appellants.\n",
            "\n",
            "In relation to the application of the totality principle, his Honour said at [2010] FCA 562 at [79] - [80]: \n",
            " \n",
            " Having so derived the maximum penalty, I then turn to the totality principle. As to that, I prefer an approach evident in the judgment of Goldberg J in a case ACCC v Australian Safeway Stores Pty Ltd (No 4) [2006] FCA 21 ; [2006] ATPR 42-101 where his Honour said at [82] and [83]: \n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " The \"totality\" principle requires the court, after determining an appropriate ... penalty for specific ... contraventions in accordance with proper principles, to review the total of the ... penalties and consider \"whether the aggregate is just and appropriate\". ... The totality principle finds its genesis in the criminal law but it has been applied in the context of fixing penalties for contraventions of the [Trade Practices] Act ...\n",
            "Telstra submitted that the other cases under s 46 and s 47 of the TPA that are relied upon by the ACCC in its submissions and which attracted significant penalties for corporations, such as Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) v Safeway Stores Pty Ltd (No 4) [2006] FCA 21 ; (2006) ATPR 42-101 ($8.9 million), Universal Music Australia v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) [2003] FCAFC 193 ; (2003) 131 FCR 529 ($1 million), and Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) v Fila Sport Oceania Pty Ltd [2004] FCA 376 ; (2004) ATPR 41-983 ($3 million), can also be distinguished from the present case. In those three cases there were significant aggravating features not present in the proceeding presently before the Court: \n",
            "(a) all three cases involved senior management (or, in the case of Safeway Stores Pty Ltd (No 4) (2006) ATPR 42-101 , an 'important person') from the relevant companies;\n",
            " \n",
            "(b) all three cases involved conduct that was deliberate; and\n",
            " \n",
            "(c) all three cases involved conduct by the parties that was directed towards detrimentally affecting competition, and in Safeway Stores Pty Ltd (No 4) (2006) ATPR 42-101 , seeking to obtain a commercial advantage from the conduct. \n",
            "Having so derived the maximum penalty, I then turn to the totality principle. As to that, I prefer an approach evident in the judgment of Goldberg J in a case ACCC v Australian Safeway Stores Pty Ltd (No 4) [2006] FCA 21 ; [2006] ATPR 42-101 where his Honour said at [82] and [83]: \n",
            " \n",
            " The \"totality\" principle requires the court, after determining an appropriate ... penalty for specific ... contraventions in accordance with proper principles, to review the total of the ... penalties and consider \"whether the aggregate is just and appropriate\". ... The totality principle finds its genesis in the criminal law but it has been applied in the context of fixing penalties for contraventions of the [Trade Practices] Act ... I have ... borne in mind the totality principle. That is, I have ensured that having determined an appropriate penalty for each contravention, I have as a check considered whether the aggregate is appropriate for the various acts of contravening conduct involved. \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            "I have considered whether the aggregate of the penalties is just and appropriate in the circumstances appertaining to the offending conduct and the offender (see Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Australian Safeway Stores Pty Limited (No 4) [2006] FCA 21 ; [2006] ATPR 42-101 at 82, 83. In R v Rossi (1988) 142 LSJS 451 , 453, King CJ referred to the totality principle saying that where the total effect of the sentences merited by the individual crimes becomes so crushing, the merciful intervention of the Court may be warranted in order to reduce the total effect. \n",
            "The Commission submits that the benefit obtained by the contravening conduct is not the only, or indeed the main, determinant of the size of the appropriate penalty in price fixing cases. It notes that, particularly in cases involving conduct over a lengthy period, the extent of that benefit will be impossible to determine. The Commission referred to observations made by Goldberg J in Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Australian Safeway Stores Pty Ltd (No 4) [2006] FCA 21 ; (2006) ATPR 42-101 at [56] - [57] and by me in Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Roche Vitamins Australia Pty Ltd [2001] FCA 150 ; (2001) ATPR 41-809 at [42] . \n",
            "26 Also of general relevance to most (if not all) civil penalty provisions is the significance that a pecuniary penalty may have for deterrence upon both the current offender and others: cf Trade Practices Commission v CSR Ltd (1990) ATPR 41-076 ; Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v D M Faulkner Pty Ltd [2004] FCA 1666 at [53] per Bennett J; Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v Gullyside Pty Ltd [2005] FCA 1727 at [34] per Kiefel J; Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v High Adventure Pty Ltd [2005] FCAFC 247 at [11] ; Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v Australian Safeway Stores Pty Ltd (No 4) [2006] FCA 21 at [15] per Goldberg J. A \" civil penalty \", it has been said, \" needs to be sufficiently high to deter contravention by others, but not so high as to be oppressive \": Vivian v Fitzgeralds [2007] FCA 1602 at [29] per Logan J. An apparent limited capacity of a respondent to pay cannot mitigate against the need for an appropriate pecuniary penalty to be applied: Australian Communications and Media Authority v Clarity1 Pty Ltd (No 2) [2006] FCA 1399 at [41] , [2006] FCA 1399 ; 155 FCR 377 at 386---7 per Nicholson J. See also: Beaton-Wells C, 'Recent corporate penalty assessment under the Trade Practices Act and the rise of general deterrence' (2006) 14 CCLJ 65 ; Yeung K, 'Quantifying Regulatory Penalties: Australian Competition Law Penalties in Perspective' [1999] MelbULawRw 18 ; (1999) 23 Melb Univ L Rev 440 (particularly at 468---74). \n",
            "\n",
            " \n",
            "... The totality principle 66 The totality principle is designed to ensure that the aggregate of the penalties imposed is not such as to be oppressive or crushing (per Tracey J in Kelly v Fitzpatrick 166 IR 14 at [30]). 67 In Safeway No 4 [2006] FCA 21 ; [2006] ATPR 42-101 Goldberg J said: 82. The \"totality\" principle requires the Court, after determining an appropriate ... penalty for specific ... contraventions in accordance with proper principles, to review the total of the ... penalties and consider \"whether the aggregate is 'just and appropriate'\". ... The point was well made by Spender J in Trade Practices Commission v Annand and Thompson Pty Ltd [[1987] ATPR 48,390 (40-772)] (at 48,394) when he said: \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " Each case must, of course, be viewed on its own facts and facts may be infinite in their variety. \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " It follows, as his Honour also said, that \"[t]he quantum of penalties imposed in other cases can seldom be of very much direct assistance\". \n",
            " \n",
            " 57 The observations of Burchett and Kiefel JJ were cited with approval by Goldberg J in Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Australian Safeway Stores Pty Ltd (No 4) [2006] FCA 21 , [2006] ATPR 42-101 at [72] (Safeway No 4). ... 60 In the recent decision of Tracey J in Kelly v Fitzpatrick (2007) [2007] FCA 1080 , 166 IR 14 (Kelly v Fitzpatrick) his Honour identified various considerations which were potentially relevant at [14] as follows: \n",
            " \n",
            " • The nature and extent of the conduct which led to the breaches. \n",
            " • The circumstances in which that conduct took place.\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "In VBAM of 2002 v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2003] FCA 504 at [44] Gray J said: \n",
            " \"The evidence of the three witnesses was information that the applicant gave for the purpose of the application. \" \n",
            "\n",
            " \n",
            "His Honour did not refer to the terms of s 426 when arriving at that conclusion. That decision was followed by Gordon J in SZIAT v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2008] FCA 766 at [39] . She also referred to Bennett J's decision in SZAQI v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2006] FCA 1653 at [23] - [24]. There, Bennett J again referred to the concept of an applicant calling a witness to give oral evidence on his or her behalf as being within the scope of s 424A(3)(b). Bennett J distinguished the contrary construction by Branson J in SZECG v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 733 at [17] - [22]. \n",
            "14 It is worth noting that in Beyazkilinc v Manager Baxter Immigration Reception & Processing Centre [2006] FCA 16 , Mr Beyazkilinc sought interlocutory relief against his removal from Australia and Mansfield J made an order that the Commonwealth of Australia be restrained from removing him until further order. His Honour's judgment in that case was not appealed.\n",
            "\n",
            "The factors which tend against ordering removal are as follows. First, the liquidators are well acquainted with the affairs of the company. In that circumstance, the onus on the plaintiff to 'show cause' is not easy to discharge: Multi-Core Aerators Pty Ltd v Dye [1999] VSC 205 , [37]. Second, the creditors as a whole support the liquidators. In Re Greight Pty Ltd (2006) FCA 17 , I noted that \"in most applications for the removal of a liquidator it is necessary to find out the wishes of the persons really interested, in this case the creditors\" (at [18]). In this case, the plaintiff was given an opportunity to put its case that the creditors should appoint as liquidator someone other than Messrs Branden & Kassem. Third, although the plaintiff has raised numerous complaints against the liquidators' conduct as administrators and deed administrators, no complaint has been made about their conduct as liquidators. \n",
            "The Court has power to make the appointment: see s 473 of the Act and Re Wily [2003] NSWSC 1260 ; (2003) 49 ACSR 94 at [6] . Section 473(1) of the Act provides that a liquidator appointed by the Court may resign or, on cause shown, be removed by the Court. Section 473(7) provides that a vacancy in the office of liquidator must be filled by the Court. The Court not only has the power but must make the appointment if there is a vacancy. In my view, the appointment of Mr Nitikins is appropriate in the circumstances as it ensures that the work undertaken by, and the knowledge of, EY staff in the liquidation of the Scheme Companies and Span is not lost or duplicated. However, as noted by Barrett J in Re Vouris , this appointment is made subject to any application to the Court for Mr Nitikins' removal on cause being shown: s 473(1) of the Act and cf Re Greight Pty Ltd (in liq); Re Stafford Services Pty Ltd (in liq); Handberg v Cant [2006] FCA 17 ; (2006) 56 ACSR 334 at [3] . \n",
            "47 Finally, it was submitted in support of the Horden application that the liquidators have a conflict of duty in that they hold a 19.4 per cent equity interest in Boundary Bend Ltd, and I refer to paragraph 69(f) of Mr Korda's affidavit. 48 Reference was made to a number of authorities in support of the proposition that the liquidators have a duty to act in the best interests of creditors and others interested in the winding up of all companies of which they are liquidators, referring particularly to the case of Timbercorp Securities in Liquidation v Western Australian Chip & Pulp Co. [2] . 49 In terms of conflicting duties particular reference is made to the judgment of His Honour Finkelstein J, in the Federal Court in a case of re Greight Pty Ltd. [3] His Honour said: \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " ... If there are, or are likely to be disputes between companies in liquidation that are under the control of one liquidator, then as a general rule different persons should be appointed as liquidator to each company. This is not to say that it is inappropriate to appoint one person as liquidator of a group of companies or of companies that are closely connected, but once the likelihood of conflict becomes apparent it is necessary to take action.\n",
            "15 In Re Greight Pty Ltd (in liq) [2006] FCA 17 ; (2006) 56 ACSR 334 at 338 [18] Finkelstein J pointed out that:\n",
            "\n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " \"In most applications for the removal of a liquidator it is necessary to find out the wishes of the persons really interested, in this case the creditors: Re Association of Land Financiers (1878) 10 Ch D 269. \" \n",
            "\n",
            "29 The first question of relevance to the exercise of the discretion to re-open to admit new or further evidence is why the evidence was not called at the hearing and in particular whether a deliberate decision was made not to call the evidence at the hearing. It would be unfair to permit an unsuccessful party that had made a deliberate decision as a tactical matter that has failed, to re-open its case. On the other hand, in Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 Kenny J said at [24]:\n",
            " \n",
            " The authorities indicate that, broadly speaking, there are four recognised classes of case in which a court may grant leave to re-open, although these classes overlap and are not exhaustive. These four classes are (1) fresh evidence ( Hughes v Hill [1937] SASR 285 at 287; Smith v New South Wales Bar Association [No 2] [1992] HCA 36 ; (1992) 108 ALR 55 at 61-2); (2) inadvertent error ( Brown v Petranker (1991) 22 NSWLR 717 at 728 (application to recall a witness); Murray v Figge (1974) 4 ALR 612 at 614 (application to tender answers to interrogatories): Henning v Lynch [1974] 2 NSWLR 254 at 259 (application to re-open); (3) mistaken apprehension of the facts ( Urban Transport Authority of NSW v NWEISER (1992) 28 NSWLR 471 ('UTA') at 478; and (4) mistaken apprehension of the law (UTA at 478). In every case the overriding principle to be applied is whether the interests of justice are better served by allowing or rejecting the application for leave to re-open; see UTA at 478; also The Silver Fox Company Pty Ltd as Trustee for the Baker Family Trust v Lenard's Pty Ltd (No 2) [2004] FCA 1310 ('Silver Fox') at [22] and [25]. \n",
            "13 His Honour said that the court had a discretion to allow a party to reopen its case before or after judgment had been given and that the overriding principle was the interests of justice. He said that an application to reopen could be based on accident, mistake or want of foresight and also referred to a Federal Court decision [2] in which Kenny J referred to four principal classes of case in which a court may grant leave to reopen: fresh evidence, inadvertent error, mistaken apprehension of the facts, and mistaken apprehension of the law. \n",
            "The Minister's submission that he should be permitted to re-open was based on the principles outlined by Kenny J in Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 at [24] , which are, in summary: fresh evidence, inadvertent error, mistaken apprehension of the facts and mistaken apprehension of the law. In every case the overriding principle to be applied is whether the interests of justice are better served by allowing or rejecting the application for leave to re-open. \n",
            "The Court has the power to grant leave for further evidence to be adduced after the trial of the proceeding has concluded and judgment reserved, fresh evidence being one of the four recognised classes of case in which a court may grant leave to re-open: Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 at [24] . Kenny J stated in Bradshaw , at [24] and [26] that in every case the overriding principle to be applied is whether the interests of justice are better served by allowing or rejecting the application for leave to re-open. Kenny J referred to Murray v Figge (1974) 4 ALR 612 in which Muirhead J held, at 613-614, that fresh evidence should only be admitted when: (a) it is so material that the interests of justice require it; (b) the evidence if believed would most probably affect the result; (c) the evidence could not by reasonable diligence have been discovered before; (d) inadvertence was established; and (e) no prejudice was suffered by the other party by reason of its introduction at a late point in time. \n",
            "There are many authorities in relation to reopening cases in the area of civil litigation. It is not in dispute that leave may be given (see Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22) where there is fresh evidence, an inadvertent error or a mistaken apprehension of the facts or of the law. The overriding principle is clear: it is whether the interests of justice are better served by allowing or rejecting the application for leave to re-open. \n",
            "[98] Schedule C [6]. [99] Brown v Petranker (1991) 22 NSWLR 717 ( Brown ) at 728 per Clarke JA with whom Hanley and Waddell JJA agreed (application to recall a witness). See generally Hughes v Bell [1937] SASR 285 ; Betts v Whittingslowe (No 1) [1944] SASR 163 ; Butts v O'Dwyer [1952] HCA 74 ; (1952) 87 CLR 267 ; Watson v Metropolitan (Perth) Passenger Transport Trust [1964] WAR 88 ; Henning v Lynch [1974] 2 NSWLR 255 ; Murray v Figge (1974) 4 ALR 612 ; Perri v Coolangatta Investments Pty Ltd [1982] HCA 29 ; (1982) 149 CLR 537 ; Smith v NSW Bar Association No 2 [1992] HCA 36 ; (1992) 176 CLR 256 ; Urban Transport Authority of New South Wales v Nweiser (1992) 28 NSWLR 471 ; Autodesk Inc v Dyason (No 2) [1993] HCA 6 ; (1993) 176 CLR 300 ; ICI Chemicals v Lubrizol Corp Inc [1999] FCA 662 ; LED Builders Pty Ltd v Eagle Homes Pty Ltd [1999] FCA 1141 ; Manwelland Pty Ltd v Dames and Moore Pty Ltd (2001) ATPR 41-845 ; Silver Fox Company Pty Ltd v Len [2004] FCA 1310 ; Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 ; Brown v Dream Homes SA Pty Ltd [2008] SASC 295 ; Bing! Software Pty Ltd v Bing Technologies Pty Ltd (No 2) [2008] FCA 1761 and Ross Ambrose Group v Renkon [2010] TASC 19; NSW v Nweiser (1992) 28 NSWLR 471 (UTA ) at 478 per Clarke JA with whom Mahoney JA and Meagher JA agreed; Silver Fox Company v Lenard's Pty Ltd [2004] FCA 1310 (Silver Fox) per Mansfield J at [22] and [25]; and Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 (Bradshaw) at [24] per Kenny J; Brown v Dream Homes [2008] SASC 295 ; Bing! Software Pty Ltd v Bing Technologies [No 2] [2008] FCA 1781 and Ross Ambrose Group v Renkon [2010] TASC 19. [99] Brown v Petranker (1991) 22 NSWLR 717 ( Brown ) at 728 per Clarke JA with whom Hanley and Waddell JJA agreed (application to recall a witness). See generally Hughes v Bell [1937] SASR 285 ; Betts v Whittingslowe (No 1) [1944] SASR 163 ; Butts v O'Dwyer [1952] HCA 74 ; (1952) 87 CLR 267 ; Watson v Metropolitan (Perth) Passenger Transport Trust [1964] WAR 88 ; Henning v Lynch [1974] 2 NSWLR 255 ; Murray v Figge (1974) 4 ALR 612 ; Perri v Coolangatta Investments Pty Ltd [1982] HCA 29 ; (1982) 149 CLR 537 ; Smith v NSW Bar Association No 2 [1992] HCA 36 ; (1992) 176 CLR 256 ; Urban Transport Authority of New South Wales v Nweiser (1992) 28 NSWLR 471 ; Autodesk Inc v Dyason (No 2) [1993] HCA 6 ; (1993) 176 CLR 300 ; ICI Chemicals v Lubrizol Corp Inc [1999] FCA 662 ; LED Builders Pty Ltd v Eagle Homes Pty Ltd [1999] FCA 1141 ; Manwelland Pty Ltd v Dames and Moore Pty Ltd (2001) ATPR 41-845 ; Silver Fox Company Pty Ltd v Len [2004] FCA 1310 ; Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 ; Brown v Dream Homes SA Pty Ltd [2008] SASC 295 ; Bing! Software Pty Ltd v Bing Technologies Pty Ltd (No 2) [2008] FCA 1761 and Ross Ambrose Group v Renkon [2010] TASC 19; NSW v Nweiser (1992) 28 NSWLR 471 (UTA ) at 478 per Clarke JA with whom Mahoney JA and Meagher JA agreed; Silver Fox Company v Lenard's Pty Ltd [2004] FCA 1310 (Silver Fox) per Mansfield J at [22] and [25]; and Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 (Bradshaw) at [24] per Kenny J; Brown v Dream Homes [2008] SASC 295 ; Bing! Software Pty Ltd v Bing Technologies [No 2] [2008] FCA 1781 and Ross Ambrose Group v Renkon [2010] TASC 19. [100] Brown at 728 per Clarke JA with whom Hanley and Waddell JJA agreed; Urban Transport Authority of NSW v Nweiser (1992) 28 NSWLR 471 (UTA ) at 478 per Clarke JA with whom Mahoney JA and Meagher JA agreed; Silver Fox Company v Lenard's Pty Ltd [2004] FCA 1310 (Silver Fox) per Mansfield J at [22] and [25]; and Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 (Bradshaw) at [24] per Kenny J. \n",
            " \n",
            " THE LEGAL PRINCIPLES \n",
            " \n",
            " 111 The Court has a discretion to allow a party to re-open its case before or after judgment has been given. [99] The overriding principle that guides a court in exercising its discretion in deciding whether to grant an application to re-open is whether the interests of justice are better served by allowing or rejecting the application, as the case may be. [100] An application to re-open may be based on accident, mistake or want of foresight. [101] \n",
            "112 Justice Kenny of the Federal Court of Australia says there are, \"broadly speaking,.... four recognised classes of case in which a court may grant leave to reopen although these classes overlap and are not exhaustive\": fresh evidence; inadvertent error; mistaken apprehension of the facts; and mistaken apprehension of the law. [102] An important factor for the Court to consider is the reason or explanation for the evidence now sought to be led not being led at the trial.\n",
            "The Minister also makes reference to a number of authorities as to the nature of further evidence that may be received after judgment has been reserved ( Bing! Software Pty Ltd v Bing Technologies Pty Ltd (No.2) [2008] FCA 1761 at [12] --- [15], Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 , Lee v Professional Services Review Committee No 292 (No 2) [2010] FCA 1490 at [2] , BMG Poseidon Corp Pty Ltd v Adelaide Bank Limited; In the Matter of BMG Poseidon Corp Pty Ltd [2009] FCA 389 at [10] , McLaughlin v Dungowan Manly Pty Ltd [2010] NSWSC 89 at [45] --- [56], Telstra Corporation Ltd v Australian Competition & Consumer Commission [2008] FCA 1436). \n",
            "\n",
            "8. In Bing! Software Pty Ltd v Bing Technology Pty Ltd (No 2) [2008] FCA 1761 , Collier J (at [15]) added: \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " 15 To that list can be added: \n",
            " \n",
            " it is necessary that the evidence sought to be adduced is relevant within the meaning of s 56 Evidence Act 1995 (Cth) and is of probative value (cf Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Rich [2006] NSWSC 826 at [18] ); and the court must be conscious of the principle of finality of litigation in deciding whether to exercise discretion to allow evidence after the conclusion of the trial ( Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 at [25] ). 9. As can be seen, such an application is not automatically granted. 6. This would require the re-opening of the plaintiff's case. The court, of course, has power to grant leave for further evidence-in-chief to be adduced, even after trial: Smith v New South Wales Bar Association [1992] HCA 36 ; (1992) 176 CLR 256 (at 266-7). There are, as Kenny J pointed out in Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 (at [24]), four recognised classes where a court may grant leave to re-open; one of these is for the adducing of fresh evidence.\n",
            "The proceedings before her Honour concerned an issue relating to the infringement or the alleged infringement of the applicant's registered trademark and alleged misleading and deceptive conduct and matters of that kind. On the question of the principles governing the question of whether or not leave to reopen should be granted, her Honour said: It is not in dispute that the Court has the power to grant leave for further evidence-in-chief to be adduced after the trial of the proceeding has concluded and judgment reserved. Indeed this jurisdiction is well recognised: Murray v Figge (1974) 4 ALR 612 , Gulf Pacific Pty Ltd v Londish [1992] FCA 502 , Urban Transport Authority of New South Wales v Nweiser (1992) 28 NSWLR 471 , Smith v New South Wales Bar Association [1992] HCA 36 ; (1992) 176 CLR 256 , McCarthy v McIntyre [2000] FCA 1250 , Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 , Hawthorn Glen Pty Ltd v Aconex Pty Ltd (No 1) [2007] FCA 2010. In Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 , Kenny J conveniently summarised the circumstances in which the Court will permit further evidence to be adduced between conclusion of the hearing and delivery of judgment as follows:\n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " [24] The authorities indicate that, broadly speaking, there are four recognised classes of case in which a court may grant leave to re-open, although these classes overlap and are not exhaustive. These four classes are (1) fresh evidence ( Hughes v Hill [1937] SASR 285 at 287; Smith v New South Wales Bar Assn [No 2] [1992] HCA 36 ; (1992) 108 ALR 55 at 61---2); (2) inadvertent error ( Brown v Petranker (1991) 22 NSWLR 717 at 728 (application to recall a witness); Murray v Figge (1974) 4 ALR 612 at 614 (application to tender answers to interrogatories); Henning v Lynch [1974] 2 NSWLR 254 at 259 (application to re-open); (3) mistaken apprehension of the facts ( Urban Transport Authority of NSW v NWEISER (1992) 28 NSWLR 471 (\" UTA \") at 478; and (4) mistaken apprehension of the law ( UTA at 478). On the question of the principles governing the question of whether or not leave to reopen should be granted, her Honour said: It is not in dispute that the Court has the power to grant leave for further evidence-in-chief to be adduced after the trial of the proceeding has concluded and judgment reserved. Indeed this jurisdiction is well recognised: Murray v Figge (1974) 4 ALR 612 , Gulf Pacific Pty Ltd v Londish [1992] FCA 502 , Urban Transport Authority of New South Wales v Nweiser (1992) 28 NSWLR 471 , Smith v New South Wales Bar Association [1992] HCA 36 ; (1992) 176 CLR 256 , McCarthy v McIntyre [2000] FCA 1250 , Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 , Hawthorn Glen Pty Ltd v Aconex Pty Ltd (No 1) [2007] FCA 2010. In Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 , Kenny J conveniently summarised the circumstances in which the Court will permit further evidence to be adduced between conclusion of the hearing and delivery of judgment as follows:\n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " [24] The authorities indicate that, broadly speaking, there are four recognised classes of case in which a court may grant leave to re-open, although these classes overlap and are not exhaustive. These four classes are (1) fresh evidence ( Hughes v Hill [1937] SASR 285 at 287; Smith v New South Wales Bar Assn [No 2] [1992] HCA 36 ; (1992) 108 ALR 55 at 61---2); (2) inadvertent error ( Brown v Petranker (1991) 22 NSWLR 717 at 728 (application to recall a witness); Murray v Figge (1974) 4 ALR 612 at 614 (application to tender answers to interrogatories); Henning v Lynch [1974] 2 NSWLR 254 at 259 (application to re-open); (3) mistaken apprehension of the facts ( Urban Transport Authority of NSW v NWEISER (1992) 28 NSWLR 471 (\" UTA \") at 478; and (4) mistaken apprehension of the law ( UTA at 478). In every case the overriding principle to be applied is whether the interests of justice are better served by allowing or rejecting the application for leave to re-open: see UTA at 478; also The Silver Fox Co Pty Ltd as Trustee for the Baker Family Trust v Lenard's Pty Ltd (No 2) [2004] FCA 1310 (\" Silver Fox \") at [22] and [25].\n",
            "The Bank's application for leave to re-open its case was made after a hearing at which evidence was tendered and submissions made by the opposing parties, and the Court had reserved its decision. The jurisdiction is well recognised: Hawthorn Glen Pty Ltd v Aconex Pty Ltd (No 1) [2007] FCA 2010 at [18] ; Murray v Figge (1974) 4 ALR 612 ; and Smith v New South Wales Bar Association [1992] HCA 36 ; (1992) 176 CLR 256 at 266-267. In Inspector General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 (' Bradshaw ') at [24], I said that: \n",
            " \n",
            " The authorities indicate that, broadly speaking, there are four recognised classes of case in which a court may grant leave to re-open, although these classes overlap and are not exhaustive. These four classes are (1) fresh evidence ( Hughes v Hill [1937] SASR 285 at 287 ; Smith v New South Wales Bar Association [No 2] (1992) 108 ALR 55 at 61-2); (2) inadvertent error ( Brown v Petranker (1991) 22 NSWLR 717 at 728 (application to recall a witness); Murray v Figge (1974) 4 ALR 612 at 614 (application to tender answers to interrogatories); Henning v Lynch [1974] 2 NSWLR 254 at 259 (application to re-open); (3) mistaken apprehension of the facts ( Urban Transport Authority of NSW v NWEISER (1992) 28 NSWLR 471 (\" UTA \") at 478; and (4) mistaken apprehension of the law ( UTA at 478). In every case the overriding principle to be applied is whether the interests of justice are better served by allowing or rejecting the application for leave to re-open: see UTA at 478; also The Silver Fox Company Pty Ltd as Trustee for the Baker Family Trust v Lenard's Pty Ltd (No 2) [2004] FCA 1310 (\" Silver Fox \") at [22] and [25]. \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            "The respondents' application for leave to re-open in respect of the amendment of the charges (as in respect of the March 2010 date) was made after a hearing at which evidence was tendered and submissions made by the opposing parties, and the Court had reserved its decision. The jurisdiction is well recognised: Hawthorn Glen Pty Ltd v Aconex Pty Ltd (No 1) [2007] FCA 2010 at [18] ; Murray v Figge (1974) 4 ALR 612 ; and Smith v New South Wales Bar Association [1992] HCA 36 ; (1992) 176 CLR 256 at 266-267. In Inspector General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 (' Bradshaw ') at [24], I said that: \n",
            " \n",
            " The authorities indicate that, broadly speaking, there are four recognised classes of case in which a court may grant leave to re-open, although these classes overlap and are not exhaustive. These four classes are (1) fresh evidence ( Hughes v Hill [1937] SASR 285 at 287 ; Smith v New South Wales Bar Association [No 2] [1992] HCA 36 ; (1992) 108 ALR 55 at 61-2); (2) inadvertent error ( Brown v Petranker (1991) 22 NSWLR 717 at 728 (application to recall a witness); Murray v Figge (1974) 4 ALR 612 at 614 (application to tender answers to interrogatories); Henning v Lynch [1974] 2 NSWLR 254 at 259 (application to re-open); (3) mistaken apprehension of the facts ( Urban Transport Authority of NSW v NWEISER (1992) 28 NSWLR 471 (\" UTA \") at 478; and (4) mistaken apprehension of the law ( UTA at 478). In every case the overriding principle to be applied is whether the interests of justice are better served by allowing or rejecting the application for leave to re-open: see UTA at 478; also The Silver Fox Company Pty Ltd as Trustee for the Baker Family Trust v Lenard's Pty Ltd (No 2) [2004] FCA 1310 (\" Silver Fox \") at [22] and [25]. \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            "Broadly speaking, there are four categories of case in which a court might grant leave to reopen: when there is important fresh evidence available; when there has been some unintended error; where there has been a mistaken apprehension of the facts; and where there has been a mistaken apprehension of the law: Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 , [24]; McLaughlin v Dungowan Manly Pty Ltd [2010] NSWSC 89 , [45]-[55]. \n",
            "The written submissions emphasised the necessity to carefully evaluate an application for leave and re-opening of a case within the recognised categories of fresh evidence, inadvertent error, mistaken apprehension of the facts or as to law. It was strongly asserted that mere reliance upon the justice of the case was both inappropriate and insufficient and did not address the various necessary legal steps established by previous reported decisions such as Murray v Figge (1974) 4 ALR 612 ; Watson v Metropolitan (Perth) Passenger Transport Trust (1965) WAR 88 ; Gelley and Gelley (No. 1) (1992) 15 FamLR 747 and Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw (2006) FCA 22 (at paragraph 24). I have subsequently analysed each of these, and other reported cases, relied upon in oral submissions in determining the proper orders in these proceedings.  In Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 Kenny J, in an application to re-open in bankruptcy proceedings stated that: \n",
            "\"24. The authorities indicate that, broadly speaking, there are four recognised classes of case in which a court may grant leave to re-open, although these classes overlap and are not exhaustive. These four classes are (1) fresh evidence (Hughes v Hill [1937] SASR 285 at 287; Smith v New South Wales Bar Association [No. 2] [1992] HCA 36 ; (1992) 108 ALR 55 at 61-2); (2) inadvertent error (Brown v Petranker (1991) 22 NSWLR 717 at 728 (application to recall a witness); Murray v Figge (1974) 4 ALR 612 at 614 (application to tender answer to interrogatories); Henning v Lynch [1974] NSWLR 254 at 259 (application to re-open); (3) mistaken apprehension of the facts (Urban Transport Authority of NSW v NWEISER (1992) 28 NSWLR 471 (\"UTA\") at 478; and (4) mistaken apprehension of the law (UTA at 478). In every case the overriding principle to be applied is whether the interests of justice are better served by allowing or rejecting the application for leave to re-open; see UTA at 478; also The Silver Fox Company Pty Ltd as Trustee for the Baker Family Trust v Lenard's Pty Ltd (No. 2) [2004] FCA 1310 (\"Silver Fox\") at [22] and [25]. \"\n",
            " \n",
            "It is well established that the court does have such jurisdiction (see for example Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 , in which Kenny J set out the circumstances in which the court will permit further evidence to be adduced and Bing! Software Pty Ltd v Bing Technologies Pty Ltd (No.2) [2008] FCA 1761). \n",
            "Ross Ambrose Group Pty Ltd v Renkon Pty Ltd (No 2) [2010] TASSC 19 (16 April 2010) \n",
            "\n",
            " [ Home ] [ Databases ] [ WorldLII ] [ Search ] [ Feedback ] Supreme Court of Tasmania You are here: AustLII >> Databases >> Supreme Court of Tasmania >> 2010 >> [2010] TASSC 19 \n",
            "\n",
            " [ Database Search ] [ Name Search ] [ Recent Decisions ] [ Noteup ] [ Download ] [ LawCite ] [ Help ] Ross Ambrose Group Pty Ltd v Renkon Pty Ltd (No 2) [2010] TASSC 19 (16 April 2010) \n",
            "Last Updated: 16 April 2010 \n",
            " [2010] TASSC 19 \n",
            " \n",
            " COURT: SUPREME COURT OF TASMANIA\n",
            "\n",
            " CITATION: Ross Ambrose Group Pty Ltd v Renkon Pty Ltd (No 2) [2010] TASSC 19 \n",
            "\n",
            " PARTIES: ROSS AMBROSE GROUP PTY LTD \n",
            " \n",
            "(ACN 009 501 759)\n",
            " v\n",
            " RENKON PTY LTD (ACN 009 581 622)\n",
            " \n",
            "REES, Suzanne\n",
            " \n",
            "SHIPTON, Peter John\n",
            " \n",
            "PLUNKETT, Rodney\n",
            " \n",
            "PLUNKETT, Susan Elaine\n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            " \n",
            "DOOLAN, Bruce Richard\n",
            " \n",
            "ELLIS, Timothy James\n",
            " \n",
            "WELCH, Phillip Andrew\n",
            " SMITH, David Anthony\n",
            " \n",
            " FILE NO/S: LDR 422/1992\n",
            " DELIVERED ON: 16 April 2010\n",
            " DELIVERED AT: Hobart\n",
            " HEARING DATE: 13 April 2010\n",
            " JUDGMENT OF: Tennent J\n",
            " \n",
            " CATCHWORDS: \n",
            " \n",
            "Evidence --- Course of evidence and addresses --- Course of evidence --- Re-opening case and recalling witnesses --- By parties --- Principles involved --- Circumstances where leave to re-open should be granted. Urban Transport Authority of NSW v Nweiser (1992) 28 NSWLR 471 ; Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 ; Graham Taylor v Geoffrey Voss [1995] TASSC 9 , referred to. Aust Dig Evidence [198]\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            " REPRESENTATION: \n",
            "\n",
            " Counsel: \n",
            " First to \n",
            " Fifthnamed Defendants: S Tatarka\n",
            " Fifth Party: K B Procter SC\n",
            " Solicitors: \n",
            " First to \n",
            " Fifthnamed Defendants: Page Seager\n",
            " Fifth Party: Murdoch Clarke\n",
            "\n",
            " Judgment Number: [2010] TASSC 19 \n",
            " Number of paragraphs: 31\n",
            " \n",
            "Serial No 19/2010\n",
            " \n",
            "File No LDR 422/1992\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            " ROSS AMBROSE GROUP PTY LTD (ACN 009 501 759) v RENKON PTY LTD (ACN 009 581 622), SUZANNE REES, PETER JOHN SHIPTON, RODNEY PLUNKETT, SUSAN ELAINE PLUNKETT \n",
            " BRUCE RICHARD DOOLAN, TIMOTHY JAMES ELLIS, PHILLIP ANDREW WELCH, DAVID ANTHONY SMITH (NO 2) \n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            " \n",
            " REASONS FOR JUDGMENT TENNENT J \n",
            " 16 April 2010 \n",
            "\n",
            " 1 In July 2009, I commenced a trial in what were effectively third party proceedings. In those proceedings, a company, Renkon Pty Ltd, and its directors sued their former solicitors in negligence. For the purpose of these reasons, I will describe the company and its directors as \"the plaintiffs\" and the solicitors as \"the defendants\". \n",
            " \n",
            " 24 In Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 , Kenny J in the Victorian Registry of the Federal Court of Australia, dealt with an application to re-open in circumstances where a judgment had been delivered and the applicants had taken a deliberate course of action in relation to certain evidence. Her Honour declined to give leave and identified, at par28, what she described as weightier factors militating against a grant of leave. She identified these as follows:\n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " \"(1) \n",
            " \n",
            " The applicants deliberately chose not to quantify the Commonwealth's loss at the first hearing, perhaps because they believed that they could not do so (see their letter of 27 August 2004) or for some other reason.\n",
            "The Court has the power to grant leave for further evidence in chief to be produced after the trial of the proceedings has concluded and while the judgment is reserved. In Murray v Figge (1974) 4 ALR 612 Muirhead J set out tests he determined were applicable to applications for reopening where fresh evidence sought to be admitted. These included whether the evidence was so material that the interests of justice required that it be admitted, whether the evidence, if believed, would have affected the result, and whether the evidence could not have by reasonable diligence, been discovered before: Gulf Pacific Pty Ltd v Londish [1992] FCA 502 , Urban Transport Authority of NSW v Nweiser (1992) 28 NSW LR 471 , Smith v New South Wales Bar Association (1992) 176 CLR 256 , McCartney v McIntyre [2000] FCA 1250 , Inspector --- General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 , Hawthorn Glen Pty Ltd v Aconex Pty Ltd (No 1) [2007] FCA 2010.  In Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 Her Honour Kenny J at [24] summarises the circumstances in which a Court will permit further evidence to be adduced after the conclusion of the hearing and while the matter is reserved. [24] The authorities indicate that, broadly speaking, there are four recognised classes of case in which a court may grant leave to re-open, although these classes overlap and are not exhaustive. These four classes are (1) fresh evidence (Hughes v Hill [1937] SASR 285 at 287; Smith v New South Wales Bar Assn [No 2] [1992] HCA 36 ; (1992) 108 ALR 55 at 61---2); (2) inadvertent error (Brown v Petranker (1991) 22 NSWLR 717 at 728 (application to recall a witness); Murray v Figge (1974) 4 ALR 612 at 614 (application to tender answers to interrogatories); Henning v Lynch [1974] 2 NSWLR 254 at 259 (application to re-open); (3) mistaken apprehension of the facts (Urban Transport Authority of NSW v NWEISER (1992) 28 NSWLR 471 (\"UTA\") at 478; and (4) mistaken apprehension of the law (UTA at 478). In every case the overriding principle to be applied is whether the interests of justice are better served by allowing or rejecting the application for leave to re-open: see UTA at 478; also The Silver Fox Co Pty Ltd as Trustee for the Baker Family Trust v Lenard's Pty Ltd (No 2) [2004] FCA 1310 (\"Silver Fox\") at [22] and [25]. Applicant's submissions\n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            " \n",
            "50 In Inspector General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 , Kenny J (at [24]), reiterated that the principle enunciated by Clarke JA in Nweiser (at 478) is the overriding principle in this regard, noted that, broadly speaking, the authorities had indicated there were four recognised classes of case in which a court might grant leave to reopen although those classes overlapped and were not exhaustive; those being where there is fresh evidence; where there has been inadvertent error; where there has been a mistaken apprehension of facts; and where there has been a mistaken apprehension of the law. The current application falls squarely within the first of those categories.\n",
            "I was referred by counsel to a number of authorities on the issue of when leave should be granted to reopen a case after the conclusion of the trial: Murray v Figge (1974) 4 ALR 612 per Muirhead J; Smith v NSW Bar Association [1992] HCA 36 ; [1992] 176 CLR 256 ; Hines Exports Pty Ltd v Mediterranean Shipping Company SA [2001] SASC 311 ; (2001) 80 SASR 268 ; Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 per Kenny J; Evans v R (2007) 82 ALJR 250; [2007] HCA 59. Generally these were cases where the Court refused to allow the case to be reopened to introduce fresh evidence but made it clear that the fresh evidence would have made no difference anyway. I have not been taken to an authority where a Court refused to admit fresh evidence which appeared likely to lead to a different outcome at trial. Fortunately I am not required to proceed down that path in the present action. For the reasons I have already explained, the fresh evidence sought to be introduced if I had permitted the hearing to be reopened would have made no difference. \n",
            "\n",
            " \n",
            " 87. Einstein J had occasion recently to consider the principles relating to an application to re-open in The Movie Network Channels Pty Ltd v Optus Vision Pty Ltd [2009] NSWSC 132. His Honour helpfully set out some principles (at [4] to [8]) as follows: \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " [4] In every case the overriding principle to be applied is whether the interests of justice are better served by allowing or rejecting the application to re-open [ Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 at [24] ; Urban Transport Authority of NSW v Nweiser (1992) 28 NSWLR 471 at 478]. An application to re-open is subject to various degrees of scrutiny depending on the stage of the proceedings when the application is made. The test of what is 'just' at this stage of the proceedings is akin to the considerations applicable where leave to rely on fresh evidence is sought on appeal.\n",
            "In order to have the affidavit of Mr Watts sworn on 14 April 2009 (including the annexures to that affidavit) admitted into evidence, Mr Watts would need to show either that the evidentiary material set out in that affidavit comprised facts and matters which had arisen after the hearing or which were not known to him or could not have been ascertained by him by the exercise of reasonable diligence at the time the hearing took place on 10 December 2008 and that it is in the interests of justice that the material be admitted into evidence (see The Movie Network Channels Pty Ltd v Optus Vision Pty Ltd [2009] NSWSC 132 at [4] ---[8]; Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 at [24] ; and Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Rich [2006] NSWSC 826 ; (2006) 235 ALR 587 ; (2006) 58 ACSR 414 at [18] ). One of the important considerations to be weighed in the interests of justice in the present case is the public interest in the finality of litigation. \n",
            "\n",
            "4 In every case the overriding principle to be applied is whether the interests of justice are better served by allowing or rejecting the application to re-open [ Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 at [24] ; Urban Transport Authority of NSW v Nweiser (1992) 28 NSWLR 471 at 478]. An application to re-open is subject to various degrees of scrutiny depending on the stage of the proceedings when the application is made. The test of what is 'just' at this stage of the proceedings is akin to the considerations applicable where leave to rely on fresh evidence is sought on appeal. That is, the evidence must be credible, highly probative and not previously obtainable by reasonable diligence [ Jesseron Holdings Pty Ltd v Middle East Trading Consultants Pty Ltd (No 2) (1994) 122 ALR 717 at 719 per Young J; Ritchies at [51.51.50]; Australasian Meat Industry Employees' Union (WA Branch); ex parte Ferguson (1986) 67 ALR 491 at 493 --- 494 per Toohey J; Murray v Figge (1974) 4 ALR 612 ; Betts v Whittingslowe (No 1) [1944] SASR 163 ; Hughes v Hill [1937] SASR 285 ; Watson v Metropolitan (Perth) Passenger Transport Trust [1965] WAR 88]. \n",
            "In Inspector General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 at para 24, Kenny J, with respect, offers a very helpful summary of circumstances in which a court will permit further evidence to be given. Her Honour lists four categories in which she opines that, broadly speaking, a court may grant leave to reopen. Her Honour is careful to note that these classes or categories are not exhaustive and overlap. The four classes that her Honour identifies by reference to authority are: \n",
            "(a) fresh evidence;\n",
            " \n",
            "(b) inadvertent error;\n",
            " \n",
            "(c) mistaken apprehension of the facts; and \n",
            " \n",
            "(d) mistaken apprehension of the law. \n",
            "12 It is not in dispute that the Court has the power to grant leave for further evidence-in-chief to be adduced after the trial of the proceeding has concluded and judgment reserved. Indeed this jurisdiction is well recognised: Murray v Figge (1974) 4 ALR 612 , Gulf Pacific Pty Ltd v Londish [1992] FCA 502 , Urban Transport Authority of New South Wales v Nweiser (1992) 28 NSWLR 471 , Smith v New South Wales Bar Association [1992] HCA 36 ; (1992) 176 CLR 256 , McCarthy v McIntyre [2000] FCA 1250 , Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 , Hawthorn Glen Pty Ltd v Aconex Pty Ltd (No 1) [2007] FCA 2010.  15 To that list can be added:\n",
            " \n",
            "• it is necessary that the evidence sought to be adduced is relevant within the meaning of s 56 Evidence Act 1995 (Cth) and is of probative value (cf Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Rich [2006] NSWSC 826 at [18] ); and\n",
            " \n",
            "• the court must be conscious of the principle of finality of litigation in deciding whether to exercise discretion to allow evidence after the conclusion of the trial ( Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 at [25] ).\n",
            "  13 In Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 , Kenny J conveniently summarised the circumstances in which the Court will permit further evidence to be adduced between conclusion of the hearing and delivery of judgment as follows:\n",
            " [24] The authorities indicate that, broadly speaking, there are four recognised classes of case in which a court may grant leave to re-open, although these classes overlap and are not exhaustive. These four classes are (1) fresh evidence (Hughes v Hill [1937] SASR 285 at 287; Smith v New South Wales Bar Assn [No 2] [1992] HCA 36 ; (1992) 108 ALR 55 at 61---2); (2) inadvertent error (Brown v Petranker (1991) 22 NSWLR 717 at 728 (application to recall a witness); Murray v Figge (1974) 4 ALR 612 at 614 (application to tender answers to interrogatories); Henning v Lynch [1974] 2 NSWLR 254 at 259 (application to re-open); (3) mistaken apprehension of the facts (Urban Transport Authority of NSW v NWEISER (1992) 28 NSWLR 471 (\"UTA\") at 478; and (4) mistaken apprehension of the law (UTA at 478). In every case the overriding principle to be applied is whether the interests of justice are better served by allowing or rejecting the application for leave to re-open: see UTA at 478; also The Silver Fox Co Pty Ltd as Trustee for the Baker Family Trust v Lenard's Pty Ltd (No 2) [2004] FCA 1310 (\"Silver Fox\") at [22] and [25]. \n",
            "208 The ultimate question for the Court is whether it is in the interests of justice that the further evidence be admitted (see, for example, Inspector-General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 at [24] ; Daniel v State of Western Australia [2004] FCA 849 ; (2004) 138 FCR 254 ( Daniel ) at 269; Urban Transit Authority of NSW v Nweiser (1992) 28 NSWLR 471 at 478-479 (per Clarke JA, Mahoney & Meagher JJA agreeing); Dumitrov v SC Johnson and Son Superannuation Pty Ltd (No 2) [2007] NSWSC 42 at [7] ).\n",
            "21 There is no doubt that the Court has a discretion, in the interests of justice, to order that Mr Bulic's case should be reopened so that he can adduce further evidence and advance further argument: see Inspector General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 at [24] . The availability of \"fresh evidence\" will, in some circumstances, warrant the reopening of a case.\n",
            "6 At the second hearing, the respondents' primary submission, which I ultimately accepted, was that the applicants should not be permitted to reopen their case to prove the quantum of loss: see Inspector General in Bankruptcy v Bradshaw [2006] FCA 22 ( Bradshaw 2) at [28]. Accordingly, I made the declarations sought by the applicants but their application of 12 August 2004 was otherwise dismissed. The issue of costs now falls for determination.\n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "Further, to SZAIX v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 3 ; (2006) 150 FCR 448 (\" SZAIX \") per Madgewick J at [37] and [48] to similar effect. \n",
            "Thus, if the facts are adequately presented for determination, it matters not that a claimant may (for example) have failed to identify the correct Convention \" label \" on the claim being advanced: SGBB v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (\" SGBB \") [2003] FCA 709 at [17] , [2003] FCA 709 ; 199 ALR 364 at 368 to 369 per Selway J. As His Honour there observed, \" the application is [not] to be treated as an exercise in nineteenth century pleading \". See also: SZAIX v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 3 at [51] , [2006] FCA 3 ; 150 FCR 448 at 464 per Madgwick J. Moreover, the difficulties confronting an applicant for refugee status have to be recognised: Randhawa v Minister for Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs [1994] FCA 1253 ; (1994) 52 FCR 437 at 451 per Beaumont J. His Honour there expressed this concern as follows: \n",
            " \n",
            " Proof of persecution in the context of an application for refugee status is a matter of some complexity.\n",
            "Consideration of the adequacy of State protection requires an assessment not only of the attitudes and policies of the central government or high government officials, but also whether police, courts and other officials at a local or grassroots level are willing or able to provide effective protection and, if not, whether the failure to provide protection arises for a Convention reason: SZAIX v Minister for Immigration [2006] FCA 3 ; (2006) 150 FCR 448 at [37] and AZAAR at [23]-[30]. In dealing with such a claim, the Tribunal is required to consider the effectiveness of measures introduced at a national level in actually providing protection to the individual applicant should she return. \n",
            "The second issue raised in this application is the alleged failure of the Tribunal to properly consider whether the applicant could relocate within India. In the decision of SZOCA v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship & Anor [2010] FMCA 520 I reviewed a number of decisions that considered the practical realities that would face an applicant if he or she was required to relocate: Randhawa v Minister for Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic affairs [1994] FCA 1253 ; [1994] FCA 1253 ; (1994) 52 FCR 437 , SZATV v Minister for Immigration & Citizenship & Anor [2007] HCA 40 , SZFDV v Minister for Immigration & Citizenship & Anor [2007] HCA 41 , NAIZ v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2005] FCAFC 37 at [22] per Branson J and [73] per North J, WALT v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs [2007] FCAFC 2 at [45] , SZAIX v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 3 and SZBJI v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs [2006] FCA 216. \n",
            "There are a number of decisions that have considered the practical realities that would face an Applicant if he or she was required to relocate: Randhawa v Minister for Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs [1994] FCA 1253 ; (1994) 52 FCR 437 , SZATV v Minister for Immigration & Citizenship & Anor [2007] HCA 40 , SZFDV v Minister for Immigration & Citizenship & Anor [2007] HCA 41 , NAIZ v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs [2005] FCAFC 37 at [22] per Branson J and [73] per North J, WALT v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs [2007] FCAFC 2 at [45] , SZAIX v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 3 and SZBJI v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs [2006] FCA 216. These decisions state that the matter of relocation entails the Tribunal considering the Applicant's personal history, including his language skills, age, education, health, family connections, employment and demonstrated an ability to live independently elsewhere than in the locality of origin ( WALT (supra) at [45]). \n",
            "It is acknowledged that the Applicant is a self-represented litigant, not conversant in the English language, with no knowledge of the administrative or judicial system in which he was attempting to protect his legal position and being forced to deal through an interpreter service in this process. Although the Applicant has not specifically pleaded this issue, it appears that he is attempting to submit that the Tribunal was required to address the practical realities that he and his wife would face if they were to relocate: Randhawa v Minister for Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs [1994] FCA 1253 ; (1994) 52 FCR 437 , SZATV v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] HCA 40 , SZFDV v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] HCA 41 , NAIZ v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2005] FCAFC per Branson J at [22] and North J at [73], Walt v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2007] FCAFC 2 at [45] , SZAIX v Minister for Immigration, and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 3 , SZBJI v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 216. This substantial body of judicial authority established that a Tribunal must give consideration to an Applicant's personal history including his language skills, age, education, health, family connections and employment and demonstrate an ability to live independently elsewhere than in the location of origin. \n",
            "Firstly, in AZAAR v Minister for Immigration & Citizenship & Refugee Review Tribunal , [13] Finn J at [5] --- [10] set out what his Honour described as the \"legal setting\" for such appeals. Apart from formally being bound by his Honour's comments, respectfully I adopt them. I set them out below: There has been systematic, recent authoritative analysis of when conduct giving rise to a well founded fear of serious harm at the hands of a non-State actor may constitute persecution because of the unwillingness or inability of the State (or State agents) to discharge its obligation to protect its citizens: see Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Respondents S152/2003 (2004) 222 CLR 1 ; Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Khawar [2002] HCA 48 ; (2002) 210 CLR 1 ; Horvath v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2000] UKHL 37 ; [2001] 1 AC 489 ; see also SZAIX v Minister for Immigration [2006] FCA 3 ; (2006) 150 FCR 448. I need only note the following for present purposes. It is drawn from the above authorities.\n",
            "The argument in response to the s.424A invitation did not have to be addressed specifically in the manner contended for in these proceedings. The Tribunal is not required to refer to every piece of evidence in its reasons (see WAEE v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2003) 75 ALD 630 at [46] and SZAIX v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs and Another [2006] FCA 3 ; (2006) 150 FCR 448 at [33] ). It dealt with the relevant issue, which was the question of whether the applicant, as an ordinary supporter or organiser who was not a member of Parliament, was at risk of serious harm at the hands of pro-Syrian forces. It is well-established that the choice and interpretation of country information and the weight to be given to such information is a matter for the Tribunal alone (see NAHI v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2004] FCAFC 10 at [11] --- [13]). Moreover the Tribunal considered whether there was evidence to suggest that perpetrators of the campaign of violence against anti-Syrian law-makers \" are interested in targeting individuals with anti-Syrian political beliefs or activists or organisers of anti-Syrian rallies and other anti-Syrian activities\" but found no such evidence . Nor was it able to find any evidence to support the applicant's claim about co-operation of Lebanese authorities with Syrians as contended. The Tribunal did accept that people in Lebanon faced some risk of harm \" as a result of sectarian violence or war\", but considered that this was not a risk of serious harm faced by the applicant by virtue of a Convention reason, but rather a \" generalised, undifferentiated risk\". \n",
            "It is a jurisdictional error only to look at the official position in Indonesia rather than the actual position faced by the review applicant ( SZAIX v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [11] per Madgwick J at [45]-[46] & [48]). \n",
            "There has been systematic, recent authoritative analysis of when conduct giving rise to a well founded fear of serious harm at the hands of a non-State actor may constitute persecution because of the unwillingness or inability of the State (or State agents) to discharge its obligation to protect its citizens: see Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Respondents S152/2003 [2004] HCA 18 ; (2004) 222 CLR 1 ; Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Khawar [2002] HCA 48 ; (2002) 210 CLR 1 ; Horvath v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2000] UKHL 37 ; [2001] 1 AC 489 ; see also SZAIX v Minister for Immigration [2006] FCA 3 ; (2006) 150 FCR 448. I need only note the following for present purposes. It is drawn from the above authorities. \n",
            "It was suggested that the application of this test was illustrated by the fact that in NAIZ the Full Court of the Federal Court held that the Tribunal fell into jurisdictional error by failing to give consideration to the practical realities of accommodation for the applicant if she returned to her home country, while in SZAIX v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs and Another [2006] FCA 3 ; (2006) 150 FCR 448 at [55] --- [64] the Tribunal was found to have failed to acknowledge the major difficulties of a psychological and physical nature which would confront the applicant if she returned to her home country, and hence misapplied the relocation test. Reference was also made to SZBJI v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 216 in which Allsop J was said to have held that the Tribunal failed to address the practical reasonableness of relocation.  The applicant submitted that the Tribunal was required to address the practical realities that would face an applicant if he or she relocated (see Randhawa v Minister for Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs [1994] FCA 1253 ; (1994) 52 FCR 437 , SZATV v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship and Another [2007] HCA 40 ; (2007) 233 CLR 18 , SZFDV v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship and Another [2007] HCA 41 ; (2007) 233 CLR 51 , NAIZ v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2005] FCAFC 37 at [22] per Branson J and [73] per North J, WALT v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2007] FCAFC 2 at [45] , SZAIX v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs and Another [2006] FCA 3 ; (2006) 150 FCR 448 and SZBJI v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 216). It was submitted that this entailed the Tribunal giving consideration to an applicant's personal history, including his language skills, age, education, health, familial connections, employment and demonstrated ability to live independently elsewhere than in the locality of origin (see WALT at [45]). \n",
            "Such assessments as were made by the Tribunal of the responses provided inherently involved part of the Tribunal's decision-making processes. The rules of procedural fairness: \"do not require the decision-maker to disclose what he is minded to decide so that the parties may have a further opportunity of criticising his mental processes before he reaches a final decision: F Hoffman-La Roche & Co v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry [1975] AC 295 at 369 per Lord Diplock. Procedural fairness does not require giving to an Applicant a running commentary on his prospects of success and warning him of every reason why his claims might not be thought sufficient to justify the relief sought: Applicant S 214 of 2003 v Refugee Review Tribunal [2006] FCA 375 at [32] , [2006] FCA 375 ; [2006] FCA 375 ; 90 ALD 632 at 641 per Edmonds J. An appeal has been dismissed: Applicant S 214/2003 v Refugee Review Tribunal [2006] FCAFC 166. The first respondent submits that the applicant's construction of the section 360 obligation is misconceived and [this] ground of review should be dismissed. At best they were items of oral evidence. Accordingly, even if the Tribunal failed to make reference to them, it is not required to refer to every piece of evidence in its reasons: see WAEE v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2003) 75 ALD 630 at [46]. As Madgwick J stated in SZAIX v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 3 at [33] : The Tribunal was under no obligation to recite every piece of evidence before it, and especially not required to recite evidence it found unconvincing on an issue. The Tribunal plainly noted the various reasons given by the applicant for the lack of documentation (CB 324 [28]) but ultimately found the lack of evidence concerning (CB 330 at [67]. That finding was open to it and does not constitute a jurisdictional error.\n",
            "I accept that this reasoning might suggest error of law. It would have been erroneous for the Tribunal to have characterised the applicant's fear of political persecution by Chinese authorities as not having a Convention nexus, due to a non-Convention motive of the instigator of such persecution (cf. Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs v Khawar [2002] HCA 48 ; (2002) 210 CLR 1 at [30] - [31] , discussed by Madgwick J in SZAIX v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 3 ; (2006) 150 FCR 448 at [37] - [41] ). \n",
            "Counsel for the Applicant, Mr Reynolds, submitted that the Tribunal did not refer to or explain why the IELTS certificate submitted by the Applicant did not satisfy item 572.223(2)(a)(i) of Schedule 5A. He submitted that if by its finding the Tribunal meant that the Applicant did not submit evidence of an IELTS test at all, then it engaged in jurisdictional error by failing to take into account a relevant consideration. He submitted that the words used by the Tribunal and the absence of any \"active intellectual process\" mean that the Court should infer that the document was not considered at all, which amounts to jurisdictional error (see NAJT v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs [12] at [212]-[213]; see also SZAIX v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs [13] ). \n",
            "\n",
            "5 As to the dislocation to the court and the efficient use of judicial resources, I express the same concerns Justice Madgwick did in SZAIX v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 3 ; (2006) 150 FCR 448 at [68] . However, like his Honour, I consider that the interests of justice in allowing the appellant to pursue this appeal outweigh those considerations. \n",
            "The Tribunal did not suggest that the applicant would have to live \"discreetly\" in other parts of India (see SZATV at [32] per Gummow, Hayne and Crennan JJ); rather, it found that the applicant could freely express his political opinion in other parts of India. The Tribunal did consider whether as a matter of practical reality it was reasonable for the applicant to relocate: see SZAIX v Minister for Immigration [2006] FCA 3 per Magwick J at [63]; SZIED v Minister for Immigration [2007] FCA 1347 per Moore J. The Tribunal considered the applicant's business, the languages he spoke, his levels of education and his ability to live and work in other countries. \n",
            "35 The appellant's third and final submission was that in considering relocation the Tribunal member failed to consider the appellant's symptoms of post-traumatic stress and the difficulties he would experience in terms of relocation in view of those symptoms. I was referred to NAIZ v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2005] FCAFC 37 and SZAIX v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs and Anor [2006] FCA 3 ; (2006) 150 FCR 448. \n",
            "13. In support of the contention that a failure to consider an aspect of the applicant's claims leads to jurisdictional error, Mr Turner relied on Htun v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs [2001] FCA 1802 at [42] and SZAIX v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 3 (\" SZAIX \") at [45] and [51].\n",
            "However, I note that subsequently, in SZGPZ v Minister for Immigration Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 683 at [25] - [26] , Collier J. followed Applicant A2 of 2002 , Applicant M29 and Applicant M211 of 2003 , rather than Applicants M160/2003 . 82. I further note that there are some decisions of this Court, (including two which the applicant has relied upon): NAGG , SZHEH at [36]-[41] and SZEEF v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs [2006] FMCA 661 (relying on Gararth v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 316) where the explanation of pursuing a \"s.417 request\" was found to be acceptable in explaining delay. 83. While each of the circumstances in each of those cases can, in my view, be distinguished from the circumstances before the Court now, to the extent that these cases appear to take a different view to what was set out in M211 of 2003 , with respect, I take the view that M211 of 2003 is binding on this Court and plainly should be followed. Even further, it found that he could reasonably relocate away from East Java if he feared harm there as claimed from \"local people\". 28. In written submissions filed subsequent to the hearing on 8 March 2007, the applicant made reference to SZAIX v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 3 ; (2006) 150 FCR 448 (\" SZAIX\" ). Mr. Anthony sought to draw a parallel between what was found in the circumstances relevant to that case, and what was subsequently found with the circumstances before the Court now. I do not agree, given what I have already set out above, that the applicant's claim to membership of a particular social group was expressly articulated before the Tribunal.\n",
            "21 \n",
            " \n",
            "As the merits of the proposed grounds of appeal are relevant to decide whether leave to appeal should be granted (see VUAX v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2004] FCAFC 158 at [46] - [48]), it is appropriate first to address the proposed grounds of appeal to assess their merits. Realistically, as counsel for the first respondent acknowledged, if those grounds of appeal are likely to result in success on the appeal and the quashing of the decision of the Tribunal, given the significant implications to the appellant of the present decision of the Tribunal which would have him return to Bangladesh, there would be strong reason to allow the proposed grounds of appeal to be pursued: cf SZAIX v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 3 at [66] ; NAJT v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2005] FCAFC 134 ; (2005) 147 FCR 51. \n",
            " \n",
            "Finally, there is nothing in the applicant's evidence that would indicate that she was maintaining she had any particular problems because she was an Iraqi woman as opposed to just a woman in Syria. The Tribunal, whilst having a duty to consider any formulation of a claim that can be extracted from the available evidence (see Htun v Minister for Immigration [2001] FCA 1802 ; (2001) 194 ALR 244 at [7] per Merkel J, and at [42] per Allsop J) is not obliged to make findings in relation to claims upon which no evidence whatsoever has been advanced. In SZAIX v Minister for Immigration [2006] FCA 3 , Madgwick J determined that the Tribunal had a duty to consider any formulation of a claim that is either \" clearly and expressly so asserted \" (at [50]), or a claim that \"' clearly arises' on the material before a decision-maker \" (at [52]). However, the Tribunal is not required to consider claims which do not arise from the materials before it. This was enunciated in NABE v Minister for Immigration [2004] FCAFC 263 ; (2004) 219 ALR 27 at [60] , citing the decision of Selway J in SGBB v Minister for Immigration [2003] FCA 709 ; (2003) 199 ALR 364: \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " \"His Honour, in our view, correctly stated the position when he said \n",
            "(at [18]): \n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " ' The question, ultimately, is whether the case put by the appellant before the tribunal has sufficiently raised the relevant issue that the tribunal should have dealt with it .\n",
            "Therefore, if such a claim \"'clearly arises' on the material before a decision-maker\" (see SZAIX v Minister for Immigration [2006] FCA 3 , NABE v Minister for Immigration ) then the Tribunal has a duty to consider it.\n",
            "The need under the Randhawa principles to address whether relocation is reasonable ' in a practical sense ' in the circumstances of the particular applicants, has recently been affirmed in NAIZ v Minister for Immigration [2005] FCAFC 37 , particularly by Branson J at [22]-[23], and in a judgment of Madgwick J in SZAIX v Minister for Immigration [2006] FCA 3 ; (2006) 150 FCR 448 at [55] - [64].\n",
            "51 As such it appears that what may fairly be regarded as an integer of the claim was not considered. That, it is well established, amounts to a constructive failure to exercise jurisdiction. Whatever its strengths or weaknesses, the appellant was entitled to have his claim fully considered. I adhere to what I said about NABE and other cases in SZAIX v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 3 ; (2006) 150 FCR 448 at [50] - [52]. The considerations discussed there are generally relevant here. \n",
            "SZAIX v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 3 referred to. Mr Turner referred the court to the decision in SZAIX v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 3 at [56] .\n",
            "SZAIX v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 3 ; [2006] FCA 3 ; (2006) 150 FCR 448.\n",
            "The Applicant referred the Court to SZAIX v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2006) FCA 3 , where Madgwick J found that a failure by the Tribunal to consider both psychological and physical difficulties in having regard to the practical realities facing an applicant amounted to jurisdictional error in that the Tribunal had failed to ask itself \"the right questions\" .\n",
            "It is undesirable for issues of significance to be left to be raised on appeal in the Federal Court [7] .\n",
            "\n",
            "147 An order that costs be assessed as a gross sum does not envisage that any process similar to that of taxation should take place, however the power must be used judiciously and after giving the parties an adequate opportunity to make submissions on the matter: Ualesi (t/a Australian Empire Imports) v Expeditors International Pty Ltd [2006] FCA 26. \n",
            "There could be consequences if the taxation was not conducted in that fashion, which would include the opportunity to re-visit the appropriateness of granting the application under O 62 r 4(2)(c) and ordering costs of and concerning the taxation process itself: see eg Ualesi (t/as Australian Empire Imports) v Expeditors International Pty Ltd [2006] FCA 26 ; Australasian Performing Rights Association [1999] FCA 1006 and s 37N of the Federal Court Act. As far as costs are concerned, this could involve ordering any costs to be paid on a solicitor and own client basis. \n",
            "The purpose of an order such as O 62 r 4 is to avoid the expense, delay and aggravation involved in litigation arising out of the taxation process: Beach Petroleum NL v Johnson (No 2) (1995) 57 FCR 119 at 120; Leary v Leary [1987] 1 WLR 72. The power to order gross sum of costs is one which has to be exercised judicially, and after giving the parties adequate opportunity to make submissions on the matter: Auspine Ltd v Australian Newsprint Mills Ltd [1999] FCA 673 ; (1999) 93 FCR 1 ; Ualesi (t/a Australian Empire Imports) v Expeditors International Pty Ltd [2006] FCA 26. \n",
            "4 The purpose of the rule is to avoid the expense, delay and aggravation involved in protracted litigation arising out of the taxation process: Beach Petroleum v LV Johnson (1995) 57 FCR 119 at 120. An order that costs be assessed as a gross sum does not require that any process similar to that involved in taxation should take place. However, the power must be exercised judicially and after giving the parties adequate opportunity to make submissions on the matter: Ualesi t/a Australian Empire Imports v Expeditors International Pty Ltd [2006] FCA 26. \n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "Merck also referred to the recent decision of Finkelstein J in Conor Medsystems, Inc v University of British Columbia (No 2) [2006] FCA 32 ; (2006) 68 IPR 217. His Honour considered the meaning of the words \"is not entitled to the patent\" which appear in the ground of revocation under s 138(3)(a) of the Act. His Honour said at [19]: \n",
            " \n",
            " respondents also contend that, having regard to the use of the present tense in s 138(3)(a), a condition precedent to a revocation order is a finding that the patentees were not entitled to the patent at the time of the application for revocation (or perhaps at the time of the hearing). I am far from persuaded that this construction is correct and it seems to be contrary to the views of Cooper J in Stack v Brisbane City Council [1999] FCA 1279 ; (1999) 47 IPR 525 , 536 and Crennan J in JMBV Enterprises Pty Ltd v Camoflag Pty Ltd [2005] FCA 1474 , [130]-[131]. But even if this construction were correct, the way in which I would read the section is that if a person were not entitled to the patent at the time of grant then, at least in most cases, that non-entitlement would be (as here) a continuing state of affairs. So there is really nothing in the point. \" \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "10 The respondent, which vigorously prosecuted a cross-claim for revocation of Black & Decker's patents and design, can hardly complain that the present proceeding was commenced in a \"prescribed court\", being the only court in which a revocation proceeding could be brought: Patents Act s 138 ; see LED Builders Pty Ltd v Hope [1994] FCA 1353 ; (1994) 53 FCR 10 at [17] ; Australasian Performing Right Association Ltd v Metro on George Pty Ltd [2004] FCA 1371 ; (2004) 64 IPR 57 at [8] - [9] ; Sony Entertainment (Australia) Ltd v Smith [2005] FCA 228 ; (2005) 215 ALR 788 at [203] ; Axe Australasia Pty Ltd v Australume Pty Ltd (No 2) [2006] FCA 844 at [6] ; Tu v Pakway Australia Pty Ltd [2006] FCA 34 ; (2006) 227 ALR 287 at [32] .\n",
            "He said nothing about the situation in which there was such a judgment in combination with other relief, much less about the situation that faces us here, namely, where damages, declarations and injunctions were sought, but where the only final relief awarded to the appellant is by way of a money judgment. That r 36A does have application in cases of this kind was at least implicit in the reasons of the trial Judge in the case reported on appeal as O'Kelly Holdings Pty Ltd v Dalrymple (1993) 45 FCR 145 , 154 and in the refusal of the majority (Sweeney and O'Connor JJ) to interfere with the trial Judge's discretion in relevant respects (see 45 FCR at 157). That proposition was affirmatively held by Moore J in Australasian Performing Right Association Ltd v Pashalidis [2000] FCA 1815 , and has been held, or assumed, by single Judges of the court since: see eg Sony Computer Entertainment Australia Pty Ltd v Stirling [2001] FCA 1852 ; Reidy's Lures Pty Ltd v Basser Millyard Pty Ltd [2003] FCA 1242 ; Australasian Performing Right Association Limited v Metro On George Pty Limited [2004] FCA 1371 ; Aristocrat Technologies Australia Pty Ltd v DAP Services (Kempsey) Pty Ltd (in liquidation) [2006] FCA 487 ; and Tu v Pakway Australia Pty Ltd [2006] FCA 34 ; (2006) 227 ALR 287. In the circumstances, we propose to proceed on the basis that r 36A does apply here. We do so because the submission made on behalf of the appellant is directly contradicted by Pashalidis , an authority not referred to by counsel, which has generally set the pattern of subsequent single-Judge decisions on the point.\n",
            "12 The damages sought by the applicant in this proceeding were far from modest. They amounted to $1,380,000. This was not a case which, had the applicant's principal submissions been accepted, it was likely that the best that could be hoped for by way of damages would have been less than $100,000. Moreover, the issues were complex as evidenced by the engagement, on both sides, of senior counsel and the length of the submissions made on behalf of both parties: cf Tu v Pakway Australia Pty Ltd [2006] FCA 34 ; (2006) 227 ALR 287 at 293. These considerations warrant, in my view, a departure from the general rule.\n",
            "\n",
            "The Minister's solicitor cited Re Refugee Review Tribunal; Ex parte Aala [2000] HCA 57 ; (2000) 204 CLR 82 at [58] , where reference is made to a situation where \"the decision-maker was bound by the governing statute to refuse\" the substantive application. There is also authority in the Federal Court that relief may be appropriately refused where on uncontested evidence the Tribunal is bound to arrive at the same decision (compare SZECD v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 31 ; (2006) 150 FCR 53 at 62, and also Pradabsuk v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCAFC 66 ; (2006) 150 FCR 584 at [51] and [54]). The principle is supported in Lee v Minister for Immigration & Citizenship [2007] FCAFC 62 ; (2007) 159 FCR 181 at [48] , where it is said: \"it must be quite clear that a rehearing or reconsideration is or will be futile\" . \n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "42 In coming to that conclusion, the Federal Magistrate did not accept the conclusion of the single Judge in SZECD [2006] FCA 31 ; 150 FCR 53 that Li was inconsistent with Yilmaz and should not be followed. For the reasons we have given, we have come to the same conclusion. We should observe, however, that the principles of precedent required that the Federal Magistrate follow the decision in SZECD , being a decision of this Court in the appellate jurisdiction from the Federal Magistrates Court. We do not think that it was open to her Honour to regard what was said in SZECD as obiter. In this regard the observations of Lord Simon of Glaisdale in Miliangos v George Frank (Textiles) Ltd [1976] AC 443 at 478 are apposite, though his Lordship was in dissent. His Lordship said:\n",
            " \n",
            " It is the duty of the subordinate court to give credence and effect to the [more recent] decision of the immediately higher court, notwithstanding that it may appear to conflict with the [earlier] decision of a still higher court. The decision of the still higher must be assumed to have been correctly distinguished (or otherwise interpreted) in the decision of the immediately higher court. \n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            "See also the valuable guidance in this respect in the judgment of Moffitt P in Proctor v Jetway Aviation Pty Ltd [1984] 1 NSWLR 166 , in particular at 177-180. 22 The submissions of the Minister were to the effect that Yilmaz and Li were inconsistent. In SZECD v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 31 ; (2006) 150 FCR 53 , a single Judge of this Court (exercising the appellate jurisdiction of the Court under the Federal Court of Australia Act 1976 (Cth), s 25(1A)) was of the same view. In our view, Yilmaz and Li are not inconsistent; rather, they are consistent, if one accepts the premises on which each is founded. 144 Y i lmaz and Li were subsequently considered by Bennett J in SZECD v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 31 ; (2006) 150 FCR 53. In SZECD, the appellant had made a second application to the Department for a protection visa, on the basis that the first application had been invalid. The first application had not included any information relating to the appellant's claims for protection and although it referred to \"my statutory declaration\", no such document was provided to the Department. 74 If there was no valid application and if the Federal Magistrate was wrong in deciding the application on the basis of SZECD [2006] FCA 31 ; 150 FCR 53 , it is still necessary to consider whether relief should be awarded. \n",
            "  70 For the reasons already given, we are of the view that SZECD [2006] FCA 31 ; 150 FCR 53 was wrongly decided, and to that extent, not a basis for upholding the Tribunal's decision. 161 The appellant was represented by counsel and solicitors. The appellant contended that the Minister made an error of law in treating the earlier visa application as a valid application under the Act and by reason of that error, failed or refused to exercise jurisdiction. The Minister argued that the first visa application was a valid application because the appellant had made claims before the Tribunal which were considered and determined by it. Any defect in the first visa application was cured by the Tribunal's consideration and determination of the applicant's claims. The Minister relied on the Full Court's judgment in Yilmaz v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2000] FCA 906 ; (2000) 100 FCR 495 and SZECD v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 31 ; (2006) 150 FCR 53.  69 The Federal Magistrate concluded that he was bound by SZECD [2006] FCA 31 ; 150 FCR 53 to hold that the supply of Part C to the Tribunal enabled the Tribunal to undertake a \"review\" of the mother's claims and affirm the decision about the mother.\n",
            "27. He submitted that the Court should consider the decision of SZECD v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs [10] , and although that decision referred to the Refugee Review Tribunal the submission goes that the RRT was the review body subject essentially in respect of the validity of applications before it, the same statutory regime as the MRT. \n",
            "Accordingly, it is submitted that the second Tribunal was entitled to rely on a statement the applicant gave the first Tribunal: SZECD v Minister for Immigration [2006] FCA 31 at [32] per Bennett J.\n",
            "Counsel for the First Respondent contended that the Purported Protection Visa Application was a valid application because the Applicant made claims before the Tribunal which were considered and determined by it in the conduct of its review of the delegate's decision refusing the Purported Protection Visa Application. The First Respondent submitted that the provision by the Applicant of his claims to the Tribunal cured any defect in the Purported Protection Visa Application because the Tribunal considered and determined those claims. In support of that proposition, the First Respondent referred the Court to Yilmaz v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2000] FCA 906 ; (2000) 100 FCR 495 (\" Yilmaz \") and SZECD v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 31 ; (2006) 150 FCR 53 (\" SZECD \"). 18. The First Respondent submitted that the authorities are relevantly summarised by Bennett J in SZECD and that this Court is bound by the decision in SZECD that consideration by the Tribunal of the Applicant's claims made to the Tribunal cured any invalidity of the Purported Protection Visa Application.\n",
            "\n",
            " \n",
            " (c) whether the Applicant had otherwise made a declaration to acquire Armenian citizenship. \n",
            " Submissions and reasons \n",
            " \n",
            " 14. Both counsel appearing in this matter have analysed the case as having conflicting authorities, namely Minister for Immigration v Li [2000] FCA 1456 ; (2000) 103 FCR 486 (\" Li \") per Ryan, Sackville and Emmett JJ on one side and SZECD v Minister for Immigration [2006] FCA 31 (\" SZECD \") per Bennett J on the other. Mr Foreman for the applicant submits that the conflict should be resolved by preferring the approach in Li . Mr Kennett argues that SZECD discussed conflicting authorities in existence at the time, namely Li on one side and Yilmaz v Minister for Immigration [2000] FCA 906 ; (2000) 100 FCR 495 (\" Yilmaz \"), Minister for Immigration v Ahmed [2005] FCAFC 58 ; (2005) 143 FCR 314 (\" Ahmed \") and Uddin v Minister for Immigration [2005] FCAFC 218 (\" Uddin \") on the other.\n",
            "\n",
            "In SZECD v Minister for Immigration [2006] FCA 31 at [32] , Bennett J ventured the opinion that a failure to disclose information derived from the reasons of an earlier tribunal decision might constitute a breach of s.424A.\n",
            "In SZECD v Minister for Immigration [2006] FCA 31 at [32] , her Honour Bennett J identified the likelihood of jurisdictional error where a second RRT adopted reasoning applied by a first RRT in the same matter.\n",
            "Indeed, in SZECD v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs and Anor [2006] FCA 31 ; (2006) 227 ALR 656 at [23] - [27], Bennett J found that, after considering the authorities, invalidity of an application before the Delegate is cured upon merits review by the Tribunal.\n",
            "The second respondent submits that VEAL is distinguishable from the present case on the basis of Bennett J's decision in SZECD v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 31 ; [2006] FCA 31 ; (2006) 150 FCR 53. In that decision, Bennett J distinguished the decision in VEAL on the basis that although procedural unfairness had been established in respect of one basis of the Tribunal's decision, there was a separate and independent basis for its conclusion which was not affected by procedural unfairness: see at [28], [40]-[41]. \n",
            "31 The question, therefore, is whether, as Smith FM suggests, the decision of the Tribunal can be sustained because there is a separate and independent line of reasoning which is not affected by the breach of s 424A(1): see SZECD v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 31 ; [2006] FCA 31 ; (2006) 150 FCR 53. \n",
            "In the present case there are three other bases upon which the decision may be supported. \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " 15. Mr Johnson submits that support for this line of reasoning is also found in the following decisions: SZECD v Minister for Immigration [2006] FCA 31 at [39] - [41] per Bennett J; SZCJH v Minister for Immigration [2005] FCA 1660 at [23] per Sackville J; NAUW v Minister for Immigration [2005] FCA 1086 at [23] - [24] per Moore J; MZWPK v Minister for Immigration [2005] FCA 1256 at [13] per Heerey J; VEAJ v Minister for Immigration [2003] FCA 678 ; (2003) 132 FCR 291 at [54] - [55] per Gray J. 16. In the fourth ground of the original application filed on 1 June 2005, the applicant claims that the interpreter at the Tribunal hearing was not competent in the Indo/Fijian dialect and the parties experienced communication difficulties.\n",
            "\n",
            "The primary judge was acutely conscious of the facts referred to by Mr Roe and repeated at paras 2(a)-(l) in the draft notice of appeal, and had regard to them. The primary judge also acknowledged, and dealt with, what Mr Roe said, was the special factor in the case which distinguished it from the case of \"Pooncarie\" Barkandji (Paakantyi) People v NSW Minister for Land & Water Conservation [2006] FCA 25 , namely, the potential conflict of interest in the applicant movers arising from their position as persons comprising the applicant in the Jabbir Jabbir claim. \n",
            "Where there is no accepted law or custom within a claim group relevant to authorisation, for example, due to conflicting practices within the group, then s 251B(b) would apply to the issue of authorisation: Combined Gunggandji Claim v Queensland [2005] FCA 575 and affirmed on appeal Noble v Murgha [2005] FCAFC 211. This also applies where some parts of a claim group assert customary decision-making processes, but that is not the law or custom of the whole group: Butchulla People v Queensland [2006] FCA 1063 ; (2006) 154 FCR 233 at [30] . In such circumstances, the adoption of a majority vote for making decisions has been accepted in numerous cases: Daniel at [36]; Holborow v Western Australia [2002] FCA 1428 ; Pooncarie Barkandji (Paakantyi) People v NSW Minister for Land & Water Conservation [2006] FCA 25 ; and Njamal People v Western Australia at [32].  The applicants on the motion do not seek to downplay the fact that the motion reflects a contest between competing groups within the claim group for the native title application. Such divisions are not uncommon in such applications. 'Pooncarie' Barkandji (Paakantyi) People v NSW Minister for Land & Water Conservation [2006] FCA 25 was such as case. There Stone J made orders pursuant to s 66B(2) NTA. This was in the face of a deeply held disagreement within the claim group where some believed that the area subject to the claim should be split between two claims, those of the people said to be 'pure' Barkandji and those of the other members of the claim group. \n",
            "Bennett J applied the same reasoning in SZFCX v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 394 to ground a grant of leave. Factors found there to support the grant of leave were the complexity of the case, genuine difficulties experienced by the appellant in representing himself and the ability of the lay advocate to present the case better and more efficiently. Stone J in ' Pooncarie' Barkandji (Paakantyi) People v NSW Minister for Land & Water Conservation [2006] FCA 25 concluded that the applicant for leave there had neither the discipline nor understanding to assist the persons he would represent or the Court so that the grant of leave should be refused. \n",
            "15 The State also cites a body of law which recognises that the role of the applicant is a representative one and it submits that it is not competent for only some of those persons comprising the applicant to obtain separate legal representation and act in other than by unanimous agreement: see 'Pooncarie' Barkandji (Paakantye People) v New South Wales Minister for Land & Water Conservation [2006] FCA 25 at [10] and Sampi v Western Australia (No 2) [2005] FCA 1567 at [24] - [27]. In these circumstances, in my view, there is a significant doubt whether Mr Black's firm has been duly authorised to act. I think the better view is that there is no such authority on the face of the present documents and the evidence before me.\n",
            " \n",
            "78 In ' Pooncarie' Barkandji (Paakantyi) People v New South Wales Minister for Land and Water Conservation [2006] FCA 25 , Stone J at par 34 held that an 'applicant' can be 'replaced' by the withdrawal of one of the persons constituting the applicant albeit without replacing him or her.\n",
            "Bennett J applied the same reasoning in SZFCX v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 394 to ground a grant of leave. Factors found there to support the grant of leave were the complexity of the case, genuine difficulties experienced by the appellant in representing himself and the ability of the lay advocate to present the case better and more efficiently. Stone J in 'Pooncarie' Barkandji (Paakantyi) People v NSW Minister for Land & Water Conservation [2006] FCA 25 concluded that the applicant for leave there had neither the discipline nor understanding to assist the persons he would represent or the Court so that the grant of leave should be refused. \n",
            "\n",
            "1 On 17 January 2006, the second respondent, Michael Saadey Abdul-Karim ('Mr Abdul-Karim'), signed an authority under s 188 of the Bankruptcy Act 1966 (Cth) ('the Act') naming and authorising the first respondent, Nicholas James Eddy ('Mr Eddy'), as his controlling trustee under Part X of the Act. An application by the applicant, the Council of the New South Wales Bar Association ('the Bar Council'), to set that authority aside was rejected by me on 3 February 2006: See Council of New South Wales Bar Association v Abdul-Karim [2006] FCA 28. \n",
            "\n",
            "The Act provides for the payment of costs. The primary rule as set out in section 67(1) of the Act is that ' the costs incurred by a party to proceedings instituted under Pt VI before the Tribunal shall be borne by that party' . That rule is intended to be given primacy. [1] The relevant exception to the general rule is found in section 67(8) which provides that: \n",
            " Where, in any proceedings instituted by the claimant, the Administrative Appeals Tribunal makes a decision (a) varying a reviewable decision in a manner favourable to the claimant ... the Tribunal may, subject to this section, order that the costs of those proceedings incurred by the claimant, or a part of those costs, shall be paid by the responsible authority. \n",
            "  In addition, before the offer can be accepted as a Calderbank offer the terms of the offer must be ' clear, precise and certain' . [6] That requirement applies to the terms of the offer, the time within which the offer must be accepted, an indication that the offer is being made in accordance with the principles in Calderbank v Calderbank, and that there is some provision for costs separate from the principal claim. [7] The Tribunal finds that all four offers by Comcare met these requirements and left no reasonable doubt as to the nature and extent of what was being offered. [8]  Comcare also submitted that taking account of the principles in Perry v Comcare [2006] FCA 33 ; (2006) 150 FCR 319 (see below) and comments of the Tribunal in Re Hronopoulos and Telstra Corporation Ltd [2002] AATA 625 ; (2002) 68 ALD 419 at 421 concerning the need for parties to approach a conciliation conference in a realistic manner, it was not appropriate for Ms Brown to be awarded the whole of her costs of her proceedings.  In addition, before the offer can be accepted as a Calderbank offer the terms of the offer must be ' clear, precise and certain' . [6] That requirement applies to the terms of the offer, the time within which the offer must be accepted, an indication that the offer is being made in accordance with the principles in Calderbank v Calderbank, and that there is some provision for costs separate from the principal claim. [7] The Tribunal finds that all four offers by Comcare met these requirements and left no reasonable doubt as to the nature and extent of what was being offered. [8]  That exception grants the Tribunal discretion to vary the primary rule that each party must bear their own costs and to order that some or all of the costs in a proceeding shall be paid by the ' responsible authority' , [2] in this case, Comcare. In Perry v Comcare Greenwood J found that in exercising the discretion: \n",
            " ..the Tribunal ought to have regard to the rule of primacy reflected in section 67(1), the circumstances of the case which gave rise to a decision enlivening the qualification upon section 67(1), the background circumstances concerning the claim, the nature and character of proceedings for the purposes of the SRC Act, the complexity of the claim and the conduct of the parties in relation to the proceedings . [3] \n",
            "  In the compensation jurisdiction of the Administrative Appeal Tribunal, it is accepted that if a Calderbank offer is made by the respondent, the offer is relevant to the discretion in relation to a costs decision. [4] However, the existence of the Calderban k offer cannot be determinative given the overriding statutory code in section 67. [5] In considering the offer, the Tribunal should also take into account the Policy Advice when assessing the conduct of Comcare and its legal representatives.  In the compensation jurisdiction of the Administrative Appeal Tribunal, it is accepted that if a Calderbank offer is made by the respondent, the offer is relevant to the discretion in relation to a costs decision. [4] However, the existence of the Calderban k offer cannot be determinative given the overriding statutory code in section 67. [5] In considering the offer, the Tribunal should also take into account the Policy Advice when assessing the conduct of Comcare and its legal representatives.  That exception grants the Tribunal discretion to vary the primary rule that each party must bear their own costs and to order that some or all of the costs in a proceeding shall be paid by the ' responsible authority' , [2] in this case, Comcare. In Perry v Comcare Greenwood J found that in exercising the discretion: \n",
            " ..the Tribunal ought to have regard to the rule of primacy reflected in section 67(1), the circumstances of the case which gave rise to a decision enlivening the qualification upon section 67(1), the background circumstances concerning the claim, the nature and character of proceedings for the purposes of the SRC Act, the complexity of the claim and the conduct of the parties in relation to the proceedings . [3] \n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            "A Calderbank letter can be considered by the Court in deciding whether to make an order displacing the usual costs order even if O 23 of the Rules has not been followed: Alpine Hardwoods at [18] and the authorities cited; \n",
            " refusal of an offer which satisfies the requirements of a Calderbank letter does not itself warrant an order for indemnity costs: Alpine Hardwoods at [20], [21], [27] and [28]; Black v Lipovac (by his next friend Lipovac) [1998] FCA 699 ; (1998) 217 ALR 386 at [217] . The onus is on the offeror to show that the conduct of the offeree was unreasonable: Alpine Hardwoods at [21], [27] and [28]. The reasonableness of the conduct is viewed in light of the circumstances which existed at the time the offer was rejected; \n",
            " if, however, the central requirements of a Calderbank letter (that it is clear, precise and certain: Perry v Comcare [2006] FCA 33 ; (2006) 150 FCR 319 at [55] --- [57]) are not met, it does not mean that the offer cannot be considered by the Court in the exercise of its general costs discretion. Courts will be prepared to pay some regard to an offer of compromise which purports to be in accordance with the Rules but which for some reason is technically deficient if the terms of the offer are such as to leave the offeree in no reasonable doubt as to the nature and extent of what is being offered: Grbavac v Hart [1996] VSC 37 ; [1997] 1 VR 154 at 155. The offer must be certain: Duncan & Weller Pty Ltd v Mendelson [1989] VicRp 36 ; [1989] VR 386 at 401 and Grbavac at 155 and 160.\n",
            "It is true that tribunals are not courts and the Federal Court has cautioned against direct analogies with the courts' exercise of such powers: Perry v Comcare [2006] FCA 33. This is not as problematic under the constitutional arrangements in states as it is in the federal jurisdiction. Nevertheless, care needs to be taken not to lose sight of the distinctive nature and purpose of the specific jurisdiction and the statute conferring the power. \n",
            "As Greenwood J explained in Perry v Comcare , [4] if the questions inherent in the grounds of appeal include questions like, for example, whether or not the Tribunal failed to take into account material considerations in the exercise of its discretion and it is possible that the consideration of those questions might reveal an error of law, then the appeal obviously raises questions of law.\n",
            "[6] \n",
            " [28] Under s 146 of the QCAT Act this Appeal Tribunal may confirm or amend the decision or set it aside and substitute its own.\n",
            "A Calderbank letter can be considered by the Court in deciding whether to make an order displacing the usual costs order even if O 23 of the Rules has not been followed: Alpine Hardwoods at [18] and the authorities cited; refusal of an offer which satisfies the requirements of a Calderbank letter does not itself warrant an order for indemnity costs: Alpine Hardwoods at [20], [21], [27] and [28]; Black v Lipovac (by his next friend Lipovac) [1998] FCA 699 ; (1998) 217 ALR 386 at [217] . The onus is on the offer or to show that the conduct of the offeree was unreasonable: Alpine Hardwoods at [21], [27] and [28]. The reasonableness of the conduct is viewed in light of the circumstances which existed at the time the offer was rejected; if, however, the central requirements of a Calderbank letter (that it is clear, precise and certain: Perry v Comcare [2006] FCA 33 ; (2006) 150 FCR 319 at [55] --- [57]) are not met, it does not mean that the offer cannot be considered by the Court in the exercise of its general costs discretion. Courts will be prepared to pay some regard to an offer of compromise which purports to be in accordance with the Rules but which for some reason is technically deficient if the terms of the offer are such as to leave the offeree in no reasonable doubt as to the nature and extent of what is being offered: Grbavac v Hart [1996] VSC 37 ; [1997] 1 VR 154 at 155. The offer must be certain: Duncan & Weller Pty Ltd v Mendelson [1989] VicRp 36 ; [1989] VicRp 36 ; [1989] VR 386 at 401 and Grbavac at 155 and 160.\n",
            "It is true that the sentence goes on to say that the full and final settlement is of the compensation for legal expenses ordered by the tribunal. I take this to mean the compensation for legal and like expenses but not the costs of the tribunal proceedings. If it is meant to exclude Coryule's costs of the tribunal proceedings and that such costs will be met as an addition to the $33,500.00 it does not say so explicitly. I conclude that the offer of $33,500.00 is inclusive of costs to that date, and if it is not, then I regard it as ambiguous and unclear on that important point. A Calderbank offer or an offer subject to similar statutory provisions must be, in terms of Perry v Comcare [11] , \"clear, concise, certain and capable of acceptance\". Even without authority I think it is obvious that clarity and certainty are essential. \n",
            "The Court has stressed the importance of compliance with the requirement that a notice of appeal identify a question of law arising on the appeal. In Perry v Comcare [2006] FCA 33 ; (2006) 150 FCR 319 , Greenwood J stated (at [32]): \n",
            " The practice of formulating the question of law to be determined by the Court as an element of demonstrating an error of law by the Tribunal is both procedurally important (and required) and designed to crystallise the proper analysis identified by their Honours at [107] of ASIC v Saxby . This practice should not be ignored and a failure to act consistently with the practice is apt to cause an appeal to miscarry for an appellant. \n",
            " \n",
            "Although these cases are distinguishable because they concern the approach to cases of uncertainty of provisions within extant contracts there is no reason in principle why such an approach ought not to apply to the construction of an offer made pre-contract. That is, if the offer is one which is plain in its expression but is incapable of being applied to the facts it too must fail and cannot be capable of acceptance. [5] \n",
            "The costs power under s 67 of the SRC Act arises in an inter-parties context, involving elements of the adversarial process. Consequently, the scope of the discretion should be given a liberal construction and \" ought not to be read down other than by reference to specific legislative constraints \". [19]  The discretionary power to order costs under s 67 of the SRC Act stands as a discrete head of power, once enlivened the functions of the Tribunal are not complete until the power has been exercised. [24] The discretion of the Tribunal to award costs pursuant to s 67 is unfettered by temporal considerations or by the need for an application. [25] That approach is consistent with subs 33(1) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901 . Thus, once the discretionary power to order costs pursuant to subs 67(8), (8A) or (8B) of the SRC Act is enlivened in the particular circumstances of each subsection, the Tribunal is not functus officio until the power is exercised or expressly extinguished by operation of legislation, such as the exclusionary provisions of subs 67(11) or (12). [26]  The provisions of s 67 of the SRC Act are a code in the area of costs. [14] Even though the only provision of that section that is immediately relevant in the present case is subs 67(8A), it is desirable to consider that provision in the context of the section as a whole. The general rule is set out in subs 67(1): each party to a proceeding shall bear their own costs. Subs 67(2) to (12) set out the circumstances in which the general rule may not apply. [15] Subs 67(2) renders a responsible authority (as defined at subs 67(1A)) liable to reimburse a claimant for costs reasonably incurred in a proceeding that is rendered abortive in circumstances that are not presently relevant; if the particular circumstances are established, the liability to pay flows as a function of the subsection, without a determination by the Tribunal. Subs 67(3) to (7) inclusive concern the making of declarations in reference to subs 67(2) that are also not presently relevant.  There are a number of things to say about the costs code under s 67 of the SRC Act that are presently relevant. The discretion to order costs under s 67 involves the exercise of administrative power, in relation to which the Tribunal must act with \" judicial detachment and fairness \" and not \" arbitrarily, capriciously or so as to frustrate the legislative intent \". [18]  The provisions of s 67 of the SRC Act are a code in the area of costs. [14] Even though the only provision of that section that is immediately relevant in the present case is subs 67(8A), it is desirable to consider that provision in the context of the section as a whole. The general rule is set out in subs 67(1): each party to a proceeding shall bear their own costs. Subs 67(2) to (12) set out the circumstances in which the general rule may not apply. [15] Subs 67(2) renders a responsible authority (as defined at subs 67(1A)) liable to reimburse a claimant for costs reasonably incurred in a proceeding that is rendered abortive in circumstances that are not presently relevant; if the particular circumstances are established, the liability to pay flows as a function of the subsection, without a determination by the Tribunal. Subs 67(3) to (7) inclusive concern the making of declarations in reference to subs 67(2) that are also not presently relevant.  If the discretion to order costs under subs 67(8A) is enlivened by an application of the requisite kind, there is no controlling rule or policy concerning the exercise of the power. [21] The discretion is broad and, subject to the exclusions at subs 67(10), (11) and (12) is only confined by considerations relevant to the case at hand. [22] Nevertheless, the discretion is subject to subs 67(1) and, therefore, the Tribunal should have regard to: (a) the rule of primacy set out in subs 67(1), (b) the circumstances of the case which gave rise to a decision enlivening the qualification upon subs 67(1), (c) the background circumstances concerning the claim, (d) the nature and character of proceedings for the purposes of the SRC Act, (e) the complexity of the claim, and (f) the conduct of the parties in relation to the proceeding. [23]  If the discretion to order costs under subs 67(8A) is enlivened by an application of the requisite kind, there is no controlling rule or policy concerning the exercise of the power. [21] The discretion is broad and, subject to the exclusions at subs 67(10), (11) and (12) is only confined by considerations relevant to the case at hand. [22] Nevertheless, the discretion is subject to subs 67(1) and, therefore, the Tribunal should have regard to: (a) the rule of primacy set out in subs 67(1), (b) the circumstances of the case which gave rise to a decision enlivening the qualification upon subs 67(1), (c) the background circumstances concerning the claim, (d) the nature and character of proceedings for the purposes of the SRC Act, (e) the complexity of the claim, and (f) the conduct of the parties in relation to the proceeding. [23]  The discretion under subs 67(8A) of the SRC Act is essentially preconditioned by the following factors: (a) the institution of any proceedings (the making of an application to the Tribunal for review of a reviewable decision [20] ) by the Commonwealth, (b) the incurring of costs of those proceedings by a claimant, and (i) the Tribunal varying or setting aside the reviewable decision in a manner less favourable to the claimant, in which case Comcare may be order to pay the claimant's costs, or (ii) any other case, in which case the Commonwealth may be ordered to pay the claimant's costs. \n",
            "In the case of Perry v Comcare [2006] FCA 33 ; (2006) 150 FCR 319 at paragraph 76, Greenwood J commented as follows: \n",
            " \"... In exercising the discretion, the Tribunal ought have regard to the rule of primacy reflected in section 67(1), the circumstances of the case which gave rise to a decision enlivening the qualification upon section 67(1), the background circumstances concerning the claim, the nature and character of proceedings for the purposes of the SRC Act, the complexity of the claim and the conduct of the parties in relation to the proceeding. \" \n",
            "\n",
            " \n",
            "Section 67(1) of the Safety, Rehabilitation & Compensation Act 1988 (Cth) (the SRC Act) sets out the prima facie rule that costs incurred by a party in proceedings are ordinarily borne by that party; however succeeding subsections provide a variety of circumstances where that rule is displaced. One of those circumstances is provided by s 67(8) of the SRC Act which confers discretion upon the Tribunal to make an order that the costs incurred by a claimant, or part of those costs, be paid by the responsible authority, in this case the Commission, where either of the circumstances postulated in the subsection are made out. The discretion is unfettered but must be exercised having: \n",
            "\"regard to the rule of primacy reflected in s 67(1) , the circumstances of the case which gave rise to a decision enlivening the qualification upon s 67(1) , the background circumstances concerning the claim, the nature and character of proceedings for the purposes of the SRC Act, the complexity of the claim and the conduct of the parties in relation to the proceeding. \" [2] \n",
            " \n",
            "That the principles enunciated in Calderbank v Calderbank supra apply to proceedings before the Administrative Appeals Tribunal in which review is sought of decisions made under the SRC Act was made clear by the decision of the Federal Court in Perry v Comcare [2006] FCA 33 ; (2006) 150 FCR 319. \n",
            "I am satisfied that the offer contained in the letter was clear, precise and certain and met the requirements of a valid Calderbank offer: Perry v Comcare [2006] FCA 33 ; (2006) 150 FCR 319. The question then arises as to whether it is appropriate to order that the costs after receipt of the letter should be paid on an indemnity basis. \n",
            "In the normal course, each party to proceedings before the Tribunal shall bear their own costs (subs 67(1) of the Act). However, section 67 of the Act provides a code in relation to costs ( Riley v Commission for the Safety, Rehabilitation and Compensation of Commonwealth Employees (1994) [5] ). Subs 67(8) confers discretion on the Tribunal to order the responsible authority (in this case, Comcare) to pay a claimant's costs if the application is decided in terms that are more favourable to the Applicant. That discretion is curtailed in cases in which the reviewable decision is set aside and the particular matter is remitted to the determining authority for re-determination (subs 67(9)). Exercise of the discretion is essentially preconditioned by an outcome of the particular proceedings that is more favourable to a claimant than the decision under review, whether by varying or setting aside that decision. However, exercise of the discretion, once enlivened, is not mandated by the preconditioning factor alone. In order to alter the balance struck by subs 67(1) it is necessary to first consider the particular circumstances of the case. The nature and character of the proceedings, the complexity of the claim, the circumstances in which the costs were incurred, and the behaviour of the parties must be taken into account [6] . This is to be done with an eye to the requirements for justice and fairness in the particular case [7] . \n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "4 According to Greenwood J in Perry [2006] FCA 33 ; 150 FCR 319 at [76] :\n",
            " \n",
            " In exercising the discretion, the Tribunal ought have regard to the rule of primacy reflected in s 67(1), the circumstances of the case which gave rise to a decision enlivening the qualification upon s 67(1), the background circumstances concerning the claim, the nature and character of proceedings for the purposes of the SRC Act, the complexity of the claim and the conduct of the parties in relation to the proceeding . (Emphasis added. ) 9 The Senior Member referred to Perry [2006] FCA 33 ; 150 FCR 319 as authority allowing consideration of a \"Calderbank letter\" in the exercise of the discretion conferred by s 67(8). The Senior Member considered that the letter of offer in this matter satisfied the criteria set out in Perry 150 FCR at 327, 333-5, that it be clear, precise and certain, particularly with respect to the question of costs. 12 Perry 150 FCR at [89] makes it clear that it is not necessary that a Calderbank offer must conform to the principles dictating the validity of such an offer for it to be considered by the Tribunal in the exercise of its discretion under s 67(8). This is because the Tribunal is to have regard to the \"circumstances of the case\", and any such offer, regardless of validity, forms part of these circumstances. As outlined above, the Senior Member held that the Calderbank offer would not have been capable of being confirmed by the Tribunal, due to the principle in Lees [1999] FCA 753 ; 56 ALD 84. However, he seems to have reasoned that this prevented him from taking the offer into consideration when exercising his discretion as to costs. Such reasoning is incorrect in the light of Perry [2006] FCA 33 ; 150 FCR 319. This was an error of law in the exercise of the Tribunal's discretion, but it was an error in favour of, rather than against, the applicant. Even though the Senior Member purported not to consider the offer while exercising his discretion, he clearly outlined how he would have taken the letter into account, had he considered himself able to do so. Such treatment would not have been favourable to the applicant.  2 The legal principles governing costs in proceedings brought under the Safety, Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 1988 (Cth) (the SRC Act) are found in s 67 of that Act. Greenwood J in Perry v Comcare [2006] FCA 33 ; (2006) 150 FCR 319 at [65] - [66] made the following observations:\n",
            " \n",
            " The provisions of s 67 \"constitute a code in the area of costs\": Riley v Commission for the Safety, Rehabilitation and Compensation of Commonwealth Employees (1994) 48 FCR 449 per Beaumont J. The elements of that code are these. The primary rule, subject to the operation of the section is, \"the costs incurred by a party to proceedings instituted under Pt VI before the Tribunal shall be borne by that party\": (s 67(1)). Subsections (2) to (12) of s 67 provide specific circumstances where the primacy of s 67(1) might be displaced. (Emphasis in original. )\n",
            "Section 67 of the Safety, Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 1988 sets out matters concerning the costs of proceedings in the Tribunal, providing 'a code in the area of costs' [3] . The costs incurred by a party to proceedings are to be borne by that party [4] unless the Tribunal exercises the discretion conferred by subs 67(8) or other specified circumstances (which are not presently relevant) pertain. The discretion is broad and it is not controlled by any rule or policy, or fettered by any binding principle [5] . Exercise of the discretion is essentially preconditioned by an outcome of the particular proceedings that is more favourable to a claimant than the decision under review, whether by varying or setting aside that decision. However, exercise of the discretion, once enlivened, is not mandated by the preconditioning factor alone.\n",
            "\n",
            " 21 As I read the cited cases, the central tenet of the principles underlying such offers are that 'it can be said that the offer is clear, precise and certain for the purposes of the common law principles governing the construction of Calderbank offers of settlement' ; Perry v Comcar [2006] FCA 33. In that decision Greenwood J held that: \n",
            "\n",
            "'The respondent's letter of offer was not sufficiently clear so as to convey without any room for ambiguity that the applicant as a term of the proposed settlement would obtain his tax costs of the proceeding to the date of the offer. Accordingly, the letter of offer did not satisfy the central requirement of a Calderbank letter. '\n",
            "That such an offer of compromise can be considered by the Tribunal in deciding whether costs might be withheld from an otherwise successful Applicant was made clear by the judgment of the Federal Court in Perry v Comcare [2006] FCA 33 ; (2006) 150 FCR 319 .\n",
            "4 The Tribunal's decision was the subject of an appeal heard by Greenwood J [2006] FCA 33. His Honour dismissed the appeal. In his Honour's view, whilst the letter did not amount to a 'calderbank' letter, that did not mean that the Tribunal was obliged to disregard it in the exercise of its discretion and order that the respondent pay the applicant's costs for the whole of the proceeding. That was a matter within its discretion. \n",
            "\n",
            "As the Minister submits, the question as to whether the applicant had the right to enter and reside in India was a question of fact for the Tribunal ( V856/00A v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs [2001] FCA 1018 ; (2001) 114 FCR 408 at [27] per Allsop J, Applicants in V 722 of 2000 v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs [2002] FCA 1059 at [32] per Ryan J, SZERD v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs [2006] FCA 560 , SZFBO v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs [2006] FCA 291 at [26] per Emmett J and SZGBY v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 35 at [9] per Moore J). \n",
            "The [Tribunal] rejected the applicant's evidence that her Syrian passports had been acquired through means of bribery. [31] Findings as to questions of foreign law, such as the interpretation of treaty obligations between states, are generally understood to constitute a question of fact reserved for the [Tribunal] as part of its fact-finding function. [32] Even had the [Tribunal] erred in its consideration of the country information relevant to this question, which the first respondent does not concede, such an error would not constitute an error going to jurisdiction unless the Tribunal's finding was not open to it: Australian Broadcasting Tribunal v Bond [1990] HCA 33 ; (1990) 170 CLR 321 , per Mason J at 355-356. [33] The third ground should fail. Reasoning\n",
            " The Tribunal's statutory duty of communication\n",
            " \n",
            "In SZGPY v Minister for Immigration [2006] FCA 35 at [9] Moore J observed that the Tribunal's construction of the treaty was a question of fact and not one of legal error going to jurisdiction. His Honour held that the construction adopted was open to the Tribunal on the facts. \n",
            "5. The applicant then applied to the Federal Magistrates Court for a review of the Tribunal decision. That application was dismissed on \n",
            "22 nd September 2005 by Driver FM (see SZGBY v Minister for Immigration & Anor [1] ). The applicant then appealed. His appeal was dismissed by Moore J on 6 th February 2006 (see SZGBY v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs [2] ).\n",
            "First, it is notable that, as in SZGBV v MIMIA [2006] FCA 35 , it was no part of the applicant's case before the Tribunal that he could not enter and reside in India.\n",
            "The third case cited by Mr Cox was SZGBY v Minister for Immigration [2006] FCA 35 (\" SZGBY \") at [9], where Moore J observed that the Tribunal's construction of the Treaty was a question of fact and not one of legal error going to jurisdiction.\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "Mr Kumar relied on SZNVE v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2010] FCA 251 (\" SZNVE \"), per Logan J, for the proposition, in particular, that the Tribunal's failure to address the \"correct\" social group could not be \"cured\" by the Tribunal simply addressing the issue of a well-founded fear in a general way. (See SZNVE at [27], and the reference to VWBU v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 39 at [9] . ) \n",
            "Because this submission was made late and not then fully developed it seemed to me in the interests of justice that the Appellants not then be required immediately to respond to it by way of oral submissions. Rather, I made directions for the filing and service of a supplementary submission on behalf of the Minister with provision then for a submission in reply by the Appellants. In that supplementary submission the Minister pressed the argument already mentioned as to the relevance by analogy of cases concerning the Tribunal's first consideration of relocation. The Appellants in reply noted that a decision principally relied upon by the Minister, Syan v Refugee Review Tribunal (1995) 61 FCR 284 had been decided prior to the Dranichnikov case. Later authority and in particular, VWBU v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 39 , underscored, so it was submitted, that a failure on the part of the Tribunal to consider the visa application as made could not be remedied by an independent finding on the part of the Tribunal that the claimed fear was not well founded. \n",
            "\n",
            "I respectfully agree with Raphael FM that, in light of earlier Federal Court authorities ( Wang v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs [2000] FCA 1599 , WALT v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 42) that: \"[41]... the Court should recognise those cases in which this course of action [to find error as asserted now] is undertaken by the Tribunals as rare and should not rush to so minutely examine every case in which religious knowledge is questioned in order to attempt to find such error...\" \n",
            "\n",
            "12 On 29 September Gray J dismissed the appeal proceeding with costs [3] . 13 On 14 October Marshall J dismissed the removal proceeding save as to two aspects upon which he gave judgment on 20 October and dismissed the balance of the claim with costs [4] . 14 Still undaunted, on 28 November the first defendant applied (in a fresh proceeding VID 1545/2005) for an extension of time in which to apply for leave to appeal from the decision of Marshall J; Merkel J dismissed this application on 3 February 2006 [5] . 15 Then, having rolled into 2006, in January the first defendant commenced another application in the Federal Court (proceeding VID 74/2006) against Tasiopoulos and the plaintiff seeking a stay or discontinuance of his bankruptcy, removal of the plaintiff as trustee, and compensation. On 6 February Ryan J dismissed the application with costs [6] .\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " 2. The appellant pay the respondents' costs of the motion dated 23 November 2005. ' \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            "His Honour delivered written reasons for his decision: Christodoulou v Disney Enterprises Inc [2006] FCA 38. \n",
            "2 Mr Christodoulou appealed. On Disney's application, Merkel J made an order for security for costs in the amount of $10,000: Christodoulou v Disney Enterprises Inc [2006] FCA 38. Mr Christodoulou duly paid that amount into court.\n",
            "\n",
            "Ms Rees seeks judgment under O 35A r 3(2) of the Federal Court Rules . That rule provides that if a respondent is in default, that the Court may: \n",
            " \n",
            " (c) if the proceeding was commenced by an application supported by a statement of claim or the Court has ordered that the proceeding continue on pleadings --- give judgment against the respondent for that relief: \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " (i) the applicant appears entitled to on the statement of claim; and \n",
            " (ii) the Court is satisfied it has power to grant; or \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " (d) give judgment or make any other order against the respondent; \n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            " The provisions of O 35A r 3 marked, at the time of their introduction, a departure from the former requirement that evidence needed to be put before the Court before a judgment of that kind could be given: see, for example, Luna Park Sydney Pty Ltd v Bose [2006] FCA 94 at [17] - [18] per Jacobson J. However, it has been accepted in this Court by a number of judges that the effect of O 35A r 3 is to dispense with that requirement and that it will be sufficient, instead of evidence being put before the Court, that 'on the face of the statement of claim there is a claim for relief sought and that the Court has jurisdiction to grant that relief': Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v 1Cellnet LLC [2005] FCA 856 at [14] per Nicholson J citing Arthur v Vaupotic Investments Pty Ltd [2005] FCA 433 at [3] per Heerey J; see also Luna Park Sydney Pty Ltd v Bose [2006] FCA 94 at [20] per Jacobson J ; Wu v Avin Operations Pty Ltd [2006] FCA 36 at [57] per Kenny J; Australian Communications and Media Authority v Mobilegate Ltd A company incorporated in Hong Kong (No.2) [2009] FCA 887 at [19] - [20] per Logan J; Turner; in the Matter of LA Technologies Pty Ltd (in Liquidation) [2009] FCA 805 at [13] per Gordon J. \n",
            "Order 35A rule 3(2)(c) FCR may be invoked upon an event of default of a kind prescribed in O 35A r 2(2) FCR, and contemplates that judgment may be given against a respondent for relief to which the applicant appears entitled \"on the statement of claim\" and which the Court is satisfied it has \"power to grant\". In determining the relief, O 35A permits regard to be had to the \"face of the statement of claim\"; no evidence need be adduced to prove the factual contentions; allegations of fact in the statement of claim are deemed admitted: Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Dataline.Net.Au Pty Ltd [2007] FCAFC 146 ; (2007) 244 ALR 300 at [42] . See also: Wu v Avin Operations Pty Ltd [2006] FCA 36 at [57] ; Arthur v Vaupotic Investments Pty Ltd [2005] FCA 433 at [3] per Heerey J; Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v 1 CellNet LLC [2005] FCA 856 at [14] per Nicholson J; Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Albert [2005] FCA 1311 ; (2005) 223 ALR 467 at [6] - [7] per Jacobson J; Deisel Spa v Hwang [2005] FCA 1619 at [2] per Tamberlin J; Macquarie Bank Ltd v Seagle (2005) 146 FCR 400. The facts set out under paras 5(b), 6(b), 7(b) and 8(b) above constitute events of default pursuant to O 35A r 2 (2)(b) of the Federal Court Rules . \n",
            "In my view, the present case can be assimilated to the first category postulated in these terms by Wilcox and Gummow JJ in Lenijamar (supra) at 396; .... \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " 97 In Wu v Avin Operations Pty Ltd [78] Kenny J also considered an application for summary judgment under O.35A of the Federal Court Rules .\n",
            "The applicants rely particularly on O 35A r 3(2)(c) of the Rules, which does not require proof by way of evidence of their claim. Instead, on the face of the statement of claim, there must be a claim for the relief sought and the court must have jurisdiction to grant that relief: see Arthur v Vaupotic Investments Pty Ltd [2005] FCA 433 at [3] per Heerey J; Diesel SPA v Hwang [2005] FCA 1619 at [2] per Tamberlin J; Wu v Avin Operations Pty Ltd [2006] FCA 36 at [57] per Kenny J; and HIT Entertainment Ltd v Lodin [2006] FCA 722 at [5] - [6] per Stone J. Having read the statement of claim, I find that these conditions are satisfied. O 35A r 3 is, nonetheless, discretionary and the circumstances attending the application must be taken into account. In some circumstances, although not here, it is appropriate to exercise some caution before granting relief: see Universal City Studios LLLP v Hoey t/as DVD Kingdom [2006] FCA 727 ; (2006) 232 ALR 525 at 527 [10] per Sackville J. \n",
            "14 In our view these comments apply with equal force to the discretion which the Court is presently required to exercise under O 35A r 3(1) (cf Cadbury Schweppes Pty Ltd v Darrell Lea Chocolate Shops Pty Ltd [2004] FCA 1718 at [23] and Wu v Avin Operations Pty Ltd [2006] FCA 36 at [48] - [51]).\n",
            "18 This statement has been referred to and adopted in many subsequent cases (see, as examples only, Wu v Avin Operations Pty Ltd [2006] FCA 36 at [48] --- [50], Sheikholeslami v Brungs [2006] FCA 933 at [16] --- [17] and Jianshe Southern Pty Ltd v Turnbull Cooktown Pty Ltd (No 2) [2007] FCA 903 at [25] ). In my respectful view it is equally apposite in the present case.\n",
            "Mr Mosley submitts that the Tribunal was not required to consider whether the applicants' failure to seek State protection was reasonable, in light of its finding that effective protection was available. He referred to the following authorities. \"The point was considered by the Full Court in SZDWR v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 36 [1] . the Full Court said: 18 The Australian jurisprudence on the issues of persecution and State protection do not support the notion of a third category of persecution. In Applicant A v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs [1997] HCA 4 ; (1997) 190 CLR 225 at 233 (referred to with approval in Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs v Respondents S152/2003 [2004] HCA 18 ; [2004] HCA 18 ; [2004] 205 ALR 487 ; HCA 18 at [19] (\"S152/2003\"), Brennan CJ said that the definition of refugee must be speaking of a fear of \"persecution that is official, or officially tolerated or uncontrollable by the authorities or the Courts of the Refugee's nationality\".\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "9 Order 35A rule 3 (2)(c) of the Federal Court Rules is predicated upon an event of default of a kind prescribed in O 35A r 2(2), and contemplates that judgment may be given against a respondent for relief to which \"the applicant appears entitled on the statement of claim\" and which the Court is satisfied it has \"power to grant\". In determining the relief, O 35A permits regard to be had to the \"face of the statement of claim\"; no evidence need be adduced to prove the factual contentions; allegations of fact in the statement of claim are deemed admitted: Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Dataline.Net.Au Pty Ltd [2007] FCAFC 146 at [42] ; Wu v Avin Operations Pty Ltd [2006] FCA 36 at [57] ; Macquarie Bank Ltd v Seagle [2005] FCA 1239 ; (2005) 146 FCR 400. The findings set out at paragraphs 4(b) and 6(b) above constitute events of default pursuant to O 35A r 2(2)(b). The findings set out at paragraphs 5(b) and 7(b) above constitute events of default pursuant to O 35A r 2(2)(a). \n",
            "\n",
            " This proceeding commenced on 9 May 2003, with the filing by Ms Wu (referred to hereafter as the applicant) of an application and statement of claim. The history of the proceeding can be ascertained by reference to Wu v Avin Operations Pty Ltd [2006] FCA 36 and Wu v Avin Operations Pty Ltd (No 2) [2006] FCA 792. \n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "17 In that case, the Court emphasised at 396 that even in circumstances where each non-compliance is minor - and that is not the situation in this matter- the cumulative effect of an applicant's defaults may satisfy a Judge that an applicant is unwilling to cooperate, or for some reason, is unable to do so. This conclusion would not readily be reached, but where it is reached, fairness to the respondents can require the summary dismissal of the proceedings. This principle has also been applied in later cases: see for example Wu v Avin Operations Pty Ltd [2006] FCA 36 ; Cadbury Schweppes Pty Ltd v Darrell Lea Chocolate Shops Pty Ltd [2004] FCA 1718 ; Brown v Zomba Music Publishers Australia Pty Ltd [2004] FCA 324. In my view, having regard to the way in which the matter has been conducted by the applicant and the detailed submissions and evidence adduced by the respondents, these principles must apply in the present case.\n",
            "5 On 3 February 2006, I delivered reasons for judgment concerning the applicant's motion for default judgment and made the orders that Mr Armitage now seeks to have set aside: see Wu v Avin Operations Pty Ltd [2006] FCA 36 (\" Wu \"). \n",
            "8 Order 35A has been interpreted as dispensing with the invariable requirement that the applicant prove by evidence that the pleaded claim is well-founded. In Wu v Avin Operations Pty Ltd [2006] FCA 36 , Kenny J (at [57]) said this:\n",
            " \n",
            " 'Under the former O 10 r 7, an applicant was required to file proof by way of evidence of his or her claims when seeking judgment ... Under the new O 35A r 3, it now seems that reliance may be placed on the allegations in the relevant statement of claim. Judges of the Court have held that the rule does not require proof by way of evidence of the applicant's claim, but that on the face of the statement of claim there is a claim for the relief sought and that the court has jurisdiction to grant that relief: see Arthur v Vaupotic Investments Pty Ltd [2005] FCA 433 , at [3], per Heerey J; Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v 1 CellNet LLC [2005] FCA 856 , at [14], per Nicholson J; Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Albert [2005] FCA 1311 , at [6]-[7], per Jackson J and Deisel Spa v Hwang [2005] FCA 1619 , at [2], per Tamberlin J. ' \n",
            "20 Recent authorities support the proposition that Order 35 does not require proof by way of evidence of the claim. It requires that on the face of the statement of claim there is a claim for relief sought and that the court has jurisdiction to grant that relief: see Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v 1Cellnet LLC [2005] FCA 856 per Nicholson J at [14] and Arthur v Vaupotic Investments Pty Limited [2005] FCA 433 ; cf Wu v Avin Operations Pty Limited (ACN 076 956 913) [2006] FCA 36 at [49] , [57] --- [58]. \n",
            "\n",
            "Reference was made to a number of recent cases in the Federal Court in which it was said that illogicality had been recognised and/or applied as a ground of review: SZAPC v MIMIA [2005] FCA 995 at [50] to [57]; QAAI v MIMIA [2006] FCA 4 at [65] --- [85] in particular at [81]; and Tran v MIMA [2006] FCA 1229 at [16] --- [38] in particular at [25] and [34].\n",
            "This is in accordance with ss.420 and 424 of the Migration Act (see also NAIS & Ors v Minister for Immigration (2005) 223 ALR 171 as per Kirby J at [74]; Hong v Minister for Immigration [2004] FCA 1308 as per Finn J at [40]; QAAI v Minister for Immigration [2006] FCA 4 as per Greenwood J at [101]). The applicant relies on what fell from the High Court in VEAL v Minister for Immigration [2005] HCA 72 , which was applied in QAAI v Minister for Immigration [2006] FCA 4.\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "Also to be taken into account is an observation made by Tamberlin J in United Salvage v Louis Dreyfus Armateurs SNC [2006] FCA 50 at [7] . His Honour there made the observation, with which I respectfully agree, that a notice to produce differs in relation to a subpoena in the sense that one might apprehend that the party which receives the notice to produce has a greater awareness of the issues in the proceeding. To this extent, a more benign approach might be taken in relation to the application of the two criteria described by Beaumont J in the Arnotts case in relation to a subpoena, when one is considering a notice to produce. \n",
            "11 Even if leave were sought, I would not be disposed to grant it. The present is a hopeless case. This is the second occasion in which the appellant has instituted proceedings for judicial review of the Tribunal's decision in March 2004. There is no suggestion that the appellant seeks to challenge the decision on any new ground. Res judicata can operate as a bar to a judicial review application in these circumstances: see, for example, MZWHW v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2005] FCA 466 at [11] referring to Wong v Minster for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2004) 204 ALR 722 at [71]; and MZXEF v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2006] FCA 507 at [15] . Even if the circumstances did not give rise to res judicata, these second judicial review proceedings would attract an Anshun estoppel: see Port of Melbourne Authority v Anshun Pty Ltd [1981] HCA 45 ; (1981) 147 CLR 589. Such an estoppel bars a party from raising any point which properly belonged to the subject of earlier litigation that the party, exercising reasonable diligence, might have brought forward at the time of the earlier proceeding. Furthermore, there is nothing to support the appellant's contention that the course taken by the Federal Magistrate on this occasion was so unfair or otherwise affected by error that it ought be set aside on appeal. \n",
            "\n",
            "Liquor Licensing Act 1997 (SA); Gaming Machines Act 1992 (SA), referred to. Esso Australia Resources v Federal Commissioner of Taxation [1999] HCA 67 ; (1999) 201 CLR 49 ; J-Corp Pty Ltd v Australian Builders Labourers Federated Union of Workers (1992) 38 FCR 452 , applied. Boyes v Colins [2000] WASCA 344 ; (2000) 23 WAR 123 ; Comcare v Foster [2006] FCA 6 ; (2006) 150 FCR 301 , distinguished. Commissioner of Australian Federal Police v Propend Finance Pty Ltd [1996] HCA 3 ; (1997) 188 CLR 501 ; Telebooth Pty Ltd v Telstra Corporation Ltd [1994] VicRp 21 ; [1994] 1 VR 337 ; Attorney-General (NT) v Maurice [1986] HCA 80 ; (1986) 161 CLR 475 ; Mann v Carnell [1999] HCA 66 ; (1999) 201 CLR 1 ; Seven Network Ltd v News Ltd [2005] FCA 142 ; Waterford v Commonwealth [1987] HCA 25 ; (1987) 163 CLR 54 ; Grant v Downs [1976] HCA 63 ; (1976) 135 CLR 674 , discussed. THE PALACE GALLERY PTY LTD v POLICE \n",
            " [2008] SASC 305 \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " Civil \n",
            " \n",
            " \n",
            " ANDERSON J. Mr Blue submits that in this regard I am bound to follow a decision of the Full Court of Western Australia in Boyes v Colins [2000] WASCA 344 ; (2000) 23 WAR 123. He also refers to Comcare v Foster [2006] FCA 6 ; (2006) 150 FCR 301 at [41] - [52] where Greenwood J followed Boyes v Colins and not J-Corp . \n",
            "\n",
            "10 Having regard to the significance of legal professional privilege in our jurisprudence and particularly the observations of the High Court that legal professional privilege is a rule of substantive law available to a person to resist the giving of information or the production of documents which would reveal communications between a client and his or her lawyer made for the dominant purpose of giving or obtaining legal advice or the provision of legal services, including representation in legal proceedings ( Daniels Corporation International Pty Ltd v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission [2002] HCA 49 ; (2002) 213 CLR 543 at 9, per Gleeson CJ, Gaudron, Gummow and Hayne JJ), and having regard to the observations in the authorities that legal professional privilege is not merely a rule of evidence but an 'important common law immunity' not confined to simply processes of discovery and inspection (note the authorities collected in Comcare v Foster [2006] FCA 6 ; (2006) 226 ALR 749 [31] --- [37]), it seems to me that the substantive question between the parties is one which ought not to be resolved on a guillotine order in the circumstances as they present. \n",
            "Ms Fitzpatrick said such a document would almost certainly be the subject of a claim for legal professional privilege because it would have been prepared for the sole purpose of being used in these proceedings: see Esso Australia Resources; see also Comcare v Christina Foster [2006] FCA 6 .\n",
            "9. Legal professional privilege is an exemption in the public interest, which is said to be founded in the principle that the promotion of justice can best be served by allowing a client to communicate fully and frankly with the client's legal adviser without fear of disclosure. It attaches to any communication, not merely a document. The accepted principles to be applied in determining whether a communication attracts legal professional privilege are set out in a recent Federal Court decision: Comcare v Christina Foster [2006] FCA 6. \n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "There is a reasonably long line of authority under the Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977 (Cth) to the effect that a refusal to do something that an applicant is entitled to ask for nonetheless constitutes a decision: see, for example, WorldAudio Ltd v Australia Communications and Media Authority [2006] FCA 8 ; (2006) 228 ALR 733 at [30] , and the authorities referred to there.\n",
            "At the same time, the decision also became the subject of proceedings in the Federal Court of Australia ( WorldAudio Ltd v Australian Communications and Media Authority [2006] FCA 8).\n",
            "\n",
            "(references omitted) \n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            "He submits that since constitutional writs are directed at acts or decisions of public bodies or officials, public interest requires that there be an end to litigation: Applicant M221/2003 v Minister for Immigration [2006] FCA 45 at [19] .\n",
            "33 An important consideration which informs the exercise of the discretion on the ground of delay is that the public interest requires there be an end to litigation about the efficacy of acts and decisions of public bodies and officials; see Applicant M221 v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs [2006] FCA 45 at [19] per Weinberg J; see also the Full Court in S58 at [4].\n",
            "\n",
            "In Nippress v Military Rehabiliation and Compensation Commission [2006] FCA 9 43 Cowdroy J was critical of Administrative Appeals Tribunal's decision to limit consideration of the issues before by reference to concession extracted from an unrepresented litigant who did not understand the legal significance of those concessions. Cowdroy J said the Tribunal should have taken up any issues which arose in the course of the proceedings which appeared relevant to a determination of the substantive merits of the case.\n",
            " \n",
            "Here, \"that which the decision maker (that is, the Commissioner) was entrusted to do\" was to decide whether to allow Mr Green's objection, either wholly or in part, or to disallow it: s 14ZY(1) of the Administration Act. He decided to disallow it. The Tribunal's jurisdiction, enlivened by Mr Green's application, exists \"to do again\" what was entrusted to the Commissioner --- in other words, to decide to allow the objection, either wholly or in part, or to disallow it. Hill J's qualification, inherent in the words \"within the limits of the review\", means nothing more than that the Tribunal's exercise of the powers and discretions of the Commissioner must be undertaken \"for the purpose of reviewing [the decision under review]\", in accordance with s 43 of the Administrative Appeals Act 1975 (see Commissioner of Taxation v Hornibrook (2006) 156 FCR 313 ; [2006] FCAFC 170 , especially Gyles J's reference at FCR 320 [18] to the Full Court decision in Commonwealth Bank Officers Superannuation Corporation Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation [2005] FCAFC 244 , also referred to by Edmonds J at first instance in Commissioner of Taxation v Hornibrook (2006) 61 ATR 573 ; [2006] FCA 9 at 579 [21] ). \n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            " Associate: \n",
            " Dated: 28 November 2006 \n",
            "\n",
            " IN THE FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA \n",
            " NEW SOUTH WALES DISTRICT REGISTRY NSD 210 OF 2006 \n",
            "\n",
            " ON APPEAL FROM A SINGLE JUDGE OF THE FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA \n",
            "\n",
            " BETWEEN: COMMISSIONER OF TAXATION \n",
            " Appellant AND: REGINALD HORNIBROOK \n",
            " Respondent \n",
            "\n",
            " JUDGES: GYLES, STONE & YOUNG JJ DATE: 28 NOVEMBER 2006 PLACE: SYDNEY \n",
            "\n",
            " REASONS FOR JUDGMENT\n",
            " \n",
            "YOUNG J:\n",
            " \n",
            " 38 This is an appeal from the judgment of Edmonds J in Commissioner of Taxation v Hornibrook [2006] FCA 9 ; (2006) 61 ATR 573 in which his Honour dismissed an appeal, on a question of law, from a decision of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal ('the Tribunal'): see Re: Applicant and Federal Commissioner of Taxation [2005] AATA 47 ; (2005) 58 ATR 1256.\n",
            "\n",
            "The second respondent Killarnee, represented by different solicitors, made a number of submissions. As to the relevant law, counsel made submissions in relation to s 27(1)(c) of the Act consistent with those made by the other parties. As to the then s 347 of the WRA, the second respondent submitted that the matter before the Commission was \"a proceeding... in a matter arising under this Act\" (the WRA) under s 347 on the basis that a matter of defence raised by the respondents enlivens this section: Broad Construction Services (WA) Pty Ltd v The Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union of Workers (No 2) [2006] FCA 44 which applied Fencott in relation to this issue. It was submitted that for these purposes the relevant \"justiciable controversy\" before the Commission also required a determination of the respondents' defences relying upon the WRA and therefore the proceedings fell within the then s 347 of the WRA.\n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            "The applicant also seeks an order that 100% of the penalty be made payable to the union. The respondents are silent on this issue. In this regard, I note the provisions of s.841of the Act and note authorities to which the Court has been referred: Schanka v Employment National (Administration) Pty Limited [2001] FCA 1623 (15 November 2001). Finance Sector Union v Commonwealth Bank of Australia [2005] FCA 1847 (16 December 2005). Communications, Electrical, Electronic, Energy, Information, Postal, Plumbing & Allied Services Union of Australia v ACI Operations Pty Ltd [2006] FCA 7 (16 January 2006). \n",
            "The range of penalties here is not great. I have been referred to a number of cases, which are of some assistance. In Communications, Electrical, Electronic, Energy, Information, Postal, Plumbing and Allied Services Union of Australia v ACI Operations Pty Ltd [2006] FCA 7 , Marshall J imposed a penalty of $16 500 for a contravention which involved the termination of employment of an employee for reason of his position as a union delegate. However that penalty was imposed after a trial. In those circumstances the case offers an upper limit to the appropriate penalty in the present case.\n",
            "Accordingly, she invited the Tribunal to consider her claims set out in her protection visa application (see SZEFM v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs (2006) FCA 7).\n",
            "\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "-505fcYhZKOp",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        ""
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "p6Rz8DZ6UD2S",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "**DATASET - 2 (IMPORTING AND OTHER TYPE CONVERSIONS)**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "p2_Z9SlQRfKt",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "I wanted to try out different kind of datasets, hence this dataset is regarding credit card agreements which are included as a part of legal documents. Here again I have limited my dataset to Citi bank credit card agreements, though the dataset has records of different banks.\n",
        "\n",
        "This dataset had the legal documents in the pdf format but the libraries cannot scrap the content from that format so I used PyPDF library to extract the content.\n",
        "\n",
        "Dataset link - https://files.consumerfinance.gov/a/assets/CCADB_Snapshot_2015_Q4.zip"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "zKBh_ivmUUfe",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "1ecf725b-4df9-4f18-f19e-75172463aab7",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 217
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "pip install PyPDF2"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "Collecting PyPDF2\n",
            "\u001b[?25l  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b4/01/68fcc0d43daf4c6bdbc6b33cc3f77bda531c86b174cac56ef0ffdb96faab/PyPDF2-1.26.0.tar.gz (77kB)\n",
            "\r\u001b[K     |████▎                           | 10kB 21.0MB/s eta 0:00:01\r\u001b[K     |████████▌                       | 20kB 1.7MB/s eta 0:00:01\r\u001b[K     |████████████▊                   | 30kB 2.4MB/s eta 0:00:01\r\u001b[K     |█████████████████               | 40kB 1.7MB/s eta 0:00:01\r\u001b[K     |█████████████████████▏          | 51kB 2.1MB/s eta 0:00:01\r\u001b[K     |█████████████████████████▍      | 61kB 2.5MB/s eta 0:00:01\r\u001b[K     |█████████████████████████████▋  | 71kB 2.9MB/s eta 0:00:01\r\u001b[K     |████████████████████████████████| 81kB 2.7MB/s \n",
            "\u001b[?25hBuilding wheels for collected packages: PyPDF2\n",
            "  Building wheel for PyPDF2 (setup.py) ... \u001b[?25l\u001b[?25hdone\n",
            "  Created wheel for PyPDF2: filename=PyPDF2-1.26.0-cp36-none-any.whl size=61085 sha256=188a9df027f255553440c97b2638d10d8e47b4f4ebd66dc64a7ebccf9c31521f\n",
            "  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/53/84/19/35bc977c8bf5f0c23a8a011aa958acd4da4bbd7a229315c1b7\n",
            "Successfully built PyPDF2\n",
            "Installing collected packages: PyPDF2\n",
            "Successfully installed PyPDF2-1.26.0\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "zHuca2GRUDO7",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "c4f7d66c-471e-49c1-d1be-1a761be7e99b",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 53
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "import PyPDF2\n",
        "string = \" \"\n",
        "pdfFileObj = open('/content/drive/My Drive/Citi/Citi AAdvantage Platinum Select Visa.pdf','rb')    \n",
        "pdfReader = PyPDF2.PdfFileReader(pdfFileObj)\n",
        "\n",
        "for i in range(0, pdfReader.numPages ):\n",
        "    pageObj = pdfReader.getPage(i)\n",
        "    string+=pageObj.extractText()\n",
        "    \n",
        "\n",
        "#print(type(string))\n",
        "contents = string\n",
        "#contents = Convert(string)\n",
        "print(type(contents))\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "train_sentence_sample = string\n",
        "\n",
        "train_sentence_sample = Convert(train_sentence_sample)\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "# This is second file for chunking purpose\n",
        "string = \" \"\n",
        "pdfFileObj = open('/content/drive/My Drive/Citi/Citi AAdvantage Platinum Select Card.pdf','rb')     #'rb' for read binary mode\n",
        "pdfReader = PyPDF2.PdfFileReader(pdfFileObj)\n",
        "\n",
        "for i in range(0, pdfReader.numPages ):\n",
        "    pageObj = pdfReader.getPage(i)\n",
        "    string+=pageObj.extractText()\n",
        "    \n",
        "print(type(string))\n",
        "test_sentence_sample = string"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "<class 'str'>\n",
            "<class 'str'>\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "8YjmUEIzdTjO",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        ""
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "8nfUEkJIwPQj",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        ""
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "CsO2PcxQYiqP",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "**DATASET - 3 (IMPORTING AND OTHER TYPE CONVERSIONS)**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "StOXREDmTsfg",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "I read through few papers where NLP is used for Legal Tech and I found many of them scraping the content from the website as it is hard to find relavant dataset of legal documents. So my idea was to implement the same for a good try. I was unsure of which website is legally secure to scrap hence I chose the wikipedia page of **Indian Penal Code** which details about every section of the law available under the jurisdiction.  "
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "4OXxUwCHoOgE",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "00bc0a61-56ba-4e37-9283-099a21d45f2b",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 35
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "import requests\n",
        "website_url = requests.get(\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Penal_Code\").text\n",
        "\n",
        "from bs4 import BeautifulSoup\n",
        "soup = BeautifulSoup(website_url,'lxml')\n",
        "#print(soup.prettify())\n",
        "\n",
        "context = []\n",
        "content1 = soup.find_all('p')\n",
        "for row in content1:          \n",
        "    context.append(row.get_text())\n",
        "    \n",
        "content2 = soup.find_all('td')\n",
        "for row in content2:          \n",
        "    context.append(row.get_text())\n",
        "    \n",
        "content3 = soup.find_all('li')\n",
        "for row in content3:         \n",
        "    context.append(row.get_text())\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "train_sentence_sample = context[0:500]\n",
        "test_sentence_sample = context[501:800]\n",
        "\n",
        "context = listToString(context)\n",
        "#context = context.replace('\\n','')\n",
        "contents = context\n",
        "\n",
        "print(type(contents))"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "<class 'str'>\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "2W30T2k_tHqk",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        ""
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "y6i9Eew7U4ha",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "**TOKENIZATION**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "waO_eJh-nhP-",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "80cbbae3-1fb4-468c-bc8f-f69610d013c5",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 73
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "contents = contents.split()\n",
        "print(contents)\n",
        "print(len(contents))"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "['The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '(IPC)', 'is', 'the', 'official', 'criminal', 'code', 'of', 'India.', 'It', 'is', 'a', 'comprehensive', 'code', 'intended', 'to', 'cover', 'all', 'substantive', 'aspects', 'of', 'criminal', 'law.', 'The', 'code', 'was', 'drafted', 'in', '1860', 'on', 'the', 'recommendations', 'of', 'first', 'law', 'commission', 'of', 'India', 'established', 'in', '1834', 'under', 'the', 'Charter', 'Act', 'of', '1833', 'under', 'the', 'Chairmanship', 'of', 'Lord', 'Thomas', 'Babington', 'Macaulay.[1][2][3]', 'It', 'came', 'into', 'force', 'in', 'British', 'India', 'during', 'the', 'early', 'British', 'Raj', 'period', 'in', '1862.', 'However,', 'it', 'did', 'not', 'apply', 'automatically', 'in', 'the', 'Princely', 'states,', 'which', 'had', 'their', 'own', 'courts', 'and', 'legal', 'systems', 'until', 'the', '1940s.', 'The', 'Code', 'has', 'since', 'been', 'amended', 'several', 'times', 'and', 'is', 'now', 'supplemented', 'by', 'other', 'criminal', 'provisions.', 'After', 'the', 'partition', 'of', 'the', 'British', 'Indian', 'Empire,', 'the', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'was', 'inherited', 'by', 'its', 'successor', 'states,', 'the', 'Dominion', 'of', 'India', 'and', 'the', 'Dominion', 'of', 'Pakistan,', 'where', 'it', 'continues', 'independently', 'as', 'the', 'Pakistan', 'Penal', 'Code.', 'The', 'Ranbir', 'Penal', 'Code', '(R.P.C)', 'which', 'is', 'applicable', 'in', 'Jammu', 'and', 'Kashmir', 'is', 'also', 'based', 'on', 'this', 'Code,', 'However,', 'after', 'the', 'successful', 'passage', 'of', 'the', 'Jammu', 'and', 'Kashmir', 'Reorganisation', 'Bill,', '2019', 'in', 'the', 'Rajya', 'Sabha', 'and', 'the', 'Lok', 'Sabha', 'respectively,', 'the', 'Ranbir', 'Penal', 'Code', 'will', 'be', 'repealed', 'on', '31', 'October', '2019,', 'henceforth', 'the', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'will', 'be', 'extended', 'in', 'the', 'region', 'from', 'the', 'aforementioned', 'date.', 'After', 'the', 'separation', 'of', 'Bangladesh', 'from', 'Pakistan,', 'the', 'code', 'continued', 'in', 'force', 'there.', 'The', 'Code', 'was', 'also', 'adopted', 'by', 'the', 'British', 'colonial', 'authorities', 'in', 'Colonial', 'Burma,', 'Ceylon', '(modern', 'Sri', 'Lanka),', 'the', 'Straits', 'Settlements', '(now', 'part', 'of', 'Malaysia),', 'Singapore', 'and', 'Brunei,', 'and', 'remains', 'the', 'basis', 'of', 'the', 'criminal', 'codes', 'in', 'those', 'countries.', 'The', 'draft', 'of', 'the', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'was', 'prepared', 'by', 'the', 'First', 'Law', 'Commission,', 'chaired', 'by', 'Thomas', 'Babington', 'Macaulay', 'in', '1834', 'and', 'was', 'submitted', 'to', 'Governor-General', 'of', 'India', 'Council', 'in', '1835.', 'Its', 'basis', 'is', 'the', 'law', 'of', 'England', 'freed', 'from', 'superfluities,', 'technicalities', 'and', 'local', 'peculiarities.', 'Elements', 'were', 'also', 'derived', 'from', 'the', 'Napoleonic', 'Code', 'and', 'from', 'Edward', \"Livingston's\", 'Louisiana', 'Civil', 'Code', 'of', '1825.', 'The', 'first', 'final', 'draft', 'of', 'the', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'was', 'submitted', 'to', 'the', 'Governor-General', 'of', 'India', 'in', 'Council', 'in', '1837,', 'but', 'the', 'draft', 'was', 'again', 'revised.', 'The', 'drafting', 'was', 'completed', 'in', '1850', 'and', 'the', 'Code', 'was', 'presented', 'to', 'the', 'Legislative', 'Council', 'in', '1856,', 'but', 'it', 'did', 'not', 'take', 'its', 'place', 'on', 'the', 'statute', 'book', 'of', 'British', 'India', 'until', 'a', 'generation', 'later,', 'following', 'the', 'Indian', 'Rebellion', 'of', '1857.', 'The', 'draft', 'then', 'underwent', 'a', 'very', 'careful', 'revision', 'at', 'the', 'hands', 'of', 'Barnes', 'Peacock,', 'who', 'later', 'became', 'the', 'first', 'Chief', 'Justice', 'of', 'the', 'Calcutta', 'High', 'Court,', 'and', 'the', 'future', 'puisne', 'judges', 'of', 'the', 'Calcutta', 'High', 'Court,', 'who', 'were', 'members', 'of', 'the', 'Legislative', 'Council,', 'and', 'was', 'passed', 'into', 'law', 'on', '6', 'October', '1860.[4]', 'The', 'Code', 'came', 'into', 'operation', 'on', '1', 'January', '1862.', 'Macaulay', 'did', 'not', 'survive', 'to', 'see', 'his', 'masterpiece', 'come', 'into', 'force,', 'having', 'died', 'near', 'the', 'end', 'of', '1859.', 'IPC', 'is', 'a', 'generic', 'and', 'essentials', 'form', 'of', 'the', 'law', 'commission', 'The', 'objective', 'of', 'this', 'Act', 'is', 'to', 'provide', 'a', 'general', 'penal', 'code', 'for', 'India.[5]', 'Though', 'not', 'the', 'initial', 'objective,', 'the', 'Act', 'does', 'not', 'repeal', 'the', 'penal', 'laws', 'which', 'were', 'in', 'force', 'at', 'the', 'time', 'of', 'coming', 'into', 'force', 'in', 'India.', 'This', 'was', 'done', 'because', 'the', 'Code', 'does', 'not', 'contain', 'all', 'the', 'offences', 'and', 'it', 'was', 'possible', 'that', 'some', 'offences', 'might', 'have', 'still', 'been', 'left', 'out', 'of', 'the', 'Code,', 'which', 'were', 'not', 'intended', 'to', 'be', 'exempted', 'from', 'penal', 'consequences.', 'Though', 'this', 'Code', 'consolidates', 'the', 'whole', 'of', 'the', 'law', 'on', 'the', 'subject', 'and', 'is', 'exhaustive', 'on', 'the', 'matters', 'in', 'respect', 'of', 'which', 'it', 'declares', 'the', 'law,', 'many', 'more', 'penal', 'statutes', 'governing', 'various', 'offences', 'have', 'been', 'created', 'in', 'addition', 'to', 'the', 'code.', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'of', '1860,', 'sub-divided', 'into', '23', 'chapters,', 'comprises', '511', 'sections.', 'The', 'Code', 'starts', 'with', 'an', 'introduction,', 'provides', 'explanations', 'and', 'exceptions', 'used', 'in', 'it,', 'and', 'covers', 'a', 'wide', 'range', 'of', 'offences.', 'The', 'Outline', 'is', 'presented', 'in', 'the', 'following', 'table:[6]', 'of', 'the', 'Right', 'of', 'Private', 'Defence', '(Sections', '96', 'to', '106)', 'Various', 'sections', 'of', 'the', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'are', 'controversial.', 'They', 'are', 'challenged', 'in', 'courts', 'claiming', 'as', 'against', 'the', 'Constitution', 'of', 'India.', 'Also', 'there', 'is', 'demand', 'for', 'abolition', 'of', 'some', 'controversial', 'IPC', 'sections', 'completely', 'or', 'partially.', 'Whoever,', 'voluntarily', 'has', 'carnal', 'intercourse', 'against', 'the', 'order', 'of', 'nature', 'with', 'any', 'man,', 'woman', 'or', 'animal,', 'shall', 'be', 'punished', 'with', 'imprisonment', 'of', 'life,', 'or', 'with', 'imprisonment', 'of', 'either', 'description', 'for', 'a', 'term', 'which', 'may', 'extend', 'to', 'ten', 'years,', 'and', 'shall', 'also', 'be', 'liable', 'to', 'fine.', 'Explanation', '-', 'Penetration', 'is', 'sufficient', 'to', 'constitute', 'the', 'carnal', 'intercourse', 'necessary', 'to', 'the', 'offence', 'described', 'in', 'this', 'section.[7]', 'The', 'Section', '309', 'of', 'the', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'deals', 'with', 'an', 'unsuccessful', 'attempt', 'to', 'suicide.', 'Attempting', 'to', 'commit', 'suicide', 'and', 'doing', 'any', 'act', 'towards', 'the', 'commission', 'of', 'the', 'offence', 'is', 'punishable', 'with', 'imprisonment', 'up', 'to', 'one', 'year', 'or', 'with', 'fine', 'or', 'with', 'both.', 'Considering', 'long-standing', 'demand', 'and', 'recommendations', 'of', 'the', 'Law', 'Commission', 'of', 'India,', 'which', 'has', 'repeatedly', 'endorsed', 'the', 'repeal', 'of', 'this', 'section,', 'the', 'Government', 'of', 'India', 'in', 'December', '2014', 'decided', 'to', 'decriminalise', 'attempt', 'to', 'commit', 'suicide', 'by', 'dropping', 'Section', '309', 'of', 'IPC', 'from', 'the', 'statute', 'book.', 'Though', 'this', 'decision', 'found', 'favour', 'with', 'most', 'of', 'the', 'states,', 'a', 'few', 'others', 'argued', 'that', 'it', 'would', 'make', 'law', 'enforcement', 'agencies', 'helpless', 'against', 'people', 'who', 'resort', 'to', 'fast', 'unto', 'death,', 'self-immolation,', 'etc.,', 'pointing', 'out', 'the', 'case', 'of', 'anti-AFSPA', 'activist', 'Irom', 'Chanu', 'Sharmila.[12]', 'In', 'February', '2015,', 'the', 'Legislative', 'Department', 'of', 'the', 'Ministry', 'of', 'Law', 'and', 'Justice', 'was', 'asked', 'by', 'the', 'Government', 'to', 'prepare', 'a', 'draft', 'Amendment', 'Bill', 'in', 'this', 'regard.[13]', 'In', 'an', 'August', '2015', 'ruling,', 'the', 'Rajasthan', 'High', 'Court', 'made', 'the', 'Jain', 'practice', 'of', 'undertaking', 'voluntary', 'death', 'by', 'fasting', 'at', 'the', 'end', 'of', 'a', \"person's\", 'life,', 'known', 'as', 'Santhara,', 'punishable', 'under', 'sections', '306', 'and', '309', 'of', 'the', 'IPC.', 'This', 'led', 'to', 'some', 'controversy,', 'with', 'some', 'sections', 'of', 'the', 'Jain', 'community', 'urging', 'the', 'Prime', 'Minister', 'to', 'move', 'the', 'Supreme', 'Court', 'against', 'the', 'order.[14][15]On', '31', 'August', '2015,', 'the', 'Supreme', 'Court', 'admitted', 'the', 'petition', 'by', 'Akhil', 'Bharat', 'Varshiya', 'Digambar', 'Jain', 'Parishad', 'and', 'granted', 'leave.', 'It', 'stayed', 'the', 'decision', 'of', 'the', 'High', 'Court', 'and', 'lifted', 'the', 'ban', 'on', 'the', 'practice.', 'The', 'Section', '497', 'of', 'the', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'has', 'been', 'criticised', 'on', 'the', 'one', 'hand', 'for', 'allegedly', 'treating', 'woman', 'as', 'the', 'private', 'property', 'of', 'her', 'husband,', 'and', 'on', 'the', 'other', 'hand', 'for', 'giving', 'women', 'complete', 'protection', 'against', 'punishment', 'for', 'adultery.[16][17]', 'This', 'section', 'was', 'unanimously', 'struck', 'down', 'on', '27th', 'September', '2018', 'by', 'a', 'five', 'judge', 'bench', 'of', 'the', 'Supreme', 'Court', 'in', 'case', 'of', 'Joseph', 'Shine', 'v.', 'Union', 'of', 'India', 'as', 'being', 'unconstitutional', 'and', 'demeaning', 'to', 'the', 'dignity', 'of', 'women.', 'Adultery', 'continues', 'to', 'be', 'a', 'ground', 'for', 'seeking', 'divorce', 'in', 'a', 'Civil', 'Court,', 'but', 'is', 'no', 'longer', 'a', 'criminal', 'offence', 'in', 'India.', 'Sections', '120B', '(criminal', 'conspiracy),', '121', '(war', 'against', 'the', 'Government', 'of', 'India),', '132', '(mutiny),', '194', '(false', 'evidence', 'to', 'procure', 'conviction', 'for', 'a', 'capital', 'offence),', '302,', '303', '(murder),', '305', '(abetting', 'suicide),', '364A', '(kidnapping', 'for', 'ransom),', '364A', '(banditry', 'with', 'murder),', '376A', '(rape)', 'have', 'death', 'penalty', 'as', 'punishment.', 'There', 'is', 'ongoing', 'debate', 'for', 'abolishing', 'capital', 'punishment.[18]', 'In', '2003,', 'the', 'Malimath', 'Committee', 'submitted', 'its', 'report', 'recommending', 'several', 'far-reaching', 'penal', 'reforms', 'including', 'separation', 'of', 'investigation', 'and', 'prosecution', '(similar', 'to', 'the', 'CPS', 'in', 'the', 'UK)', 'to', 'streamline', 'criminal', 'justice', 'system.[19]', 'The', 'essence', 'of', 'the', 'report', 'was', 'a', 'perceived', 'need', 'for', 'shift', 'from', 'an', 'adversarial', 'to', 'an', 'inquisitorial', 'criminal', 'justice', 'system,', 'based', 'on', 'the', 'Continental', 'European', 'systems.', 'The', 'Code', 'has', 'been', 'amended', 'several', 'times.[20][21]', 'The', 'Code', 'is', 'universally', 'acknowledged', 'as', 'a', 'cogently', 'drafted', 'code,', 'ahead', 'of', 'its', 'time.', 'It', 'has', 'substantially', 'survived', 'for', 'over', '150', 'years', 'in', 'several', 'jurisdictions', 'without', 'major', 'amendments.', 'Nicholas', 'Phillips,', 'Justice', 'of', 'Supreme', 'Court', 'of', 'United', 'Kingdom', 'applauded', 'the', 'efficacy', 'and', 'relevance', 'of', 'IPC', 'while', 'commemorating', '150', 'years', 'of', 'IPC.[22]', 'Modern', 'crimes', 'involving', 'technology', 'unheard', 'of', 'during', \"Macaulay's\", 'time', 'fit', 'easily', 'within', 'the', 'Code[citation', 'needed]', 'mainly', 'because', 'of', 'the', 'broadness', 'of', 'the', \"Code's\", 'drafting.', 'Some', 'references', 'to', 'specific', 'sections', '(called', \"dafa'a\", 'in', 'Hindi-Urdu,', 'دفعہ', 'or', 'दफ़आ/दफ़ा)', 'of', 'the', 'IPC', 'have', 'entered', 'popular', 'speech', 'in', 'India,', 'Pakistan', 'and', 'Bangladesh.', 'For', 'instance,', 'con', 'men', 'are', 'referred', 'to', 'as', '420s', '(chaar-sau-bees', 'in', 'Hindi-Urdu)', 'after', 'Section', '420', 'which', 'covers', 'cheating.[23]', 'Similarly,', 'specific', 'reference', 'to', 'section', '302', '(\"tazīrāt-e-Hind', 'dafā', 'tīn-sau-do', 'ke', 'tehet', 'sazā-e-maut\",', '\"punishment', 'of', 'death', 'under', 'section', '302', 'of', 'the', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code\"),', 'which', 'covers', 'the', 'death', 'penalty,', 'have', 'become', 'part', 'of', 'common', 'knowledge', 'in', 'the', 'region', 'due', 'to', 'repeated', 'mentions', 'of', 'it', 'in', 'Bollywood', 'movies', 'and', 'regional', 'pulp', 'literature.[24][25]', 'Dafa', '302', 'was', 'also', 'the', 'name', 'of', 'a', 'Bollywood', 'movie', 'released', 'in', '1975.[26]', 'Similarly,', 'Shree', '420', 'was', 'the', 'name', 'of', 'a', '1955', 'Bollywood', 'movie', 'starring', 'Raj', 'Kapoor.[27]', 'and', 'Chachi', '420', 'was', 'a', 'Bollywood', 'movie', 'released', 'in', '1997', 'starring', 'Kamal', 'Haasan.[28]', 'Long', 'title', 'An', 'Act', 'to', 'provide', 'a', 'general', 'penal', 'code', 'in', 'Indias', 'Act', 'No.', '45', 'of', '1860', 'IndiaImperial', 'Legislative', 'Council6', 'October', '18606', 'October', '18601', 'January', '1862First', 'Law', 'Commissionsee', 'AmendmentsCode', 'of', 'Criminal', 'Procedure,', '1973Status:', 'AmendedChapter', 'ISections', '1', 'to', '5Introduction', 'Chapter', 'IISections', '6', 'to', '52General', 'Explanations', 'Chapter', 'IIISections', '53', 'to', '75of', 'Punishments', 'Chapter', 'IVSections', '76', 'to', '106General', 'Exceptions', 'of', 'the', 'Right', 'of', 'Private', 'Defence', '(Sections', '96', 'to', '106)', 'Chapter', 'VSections', '107', 'to', '120Of', 'Abetment', 'Chapter', 'VASections', '120A', 'to', '120BCriminal', 'Conspiracy', 'Chapter', 'VISections', '121', 'to', '130Of', 'Offences', 'against', 'the', 'State', 'Chapter', 'VIISections', '131', 'to', '140Of', 'Offences', 'relating', 'to', 'the', 'Army,', 'Navy', 'and', 'Air', 'Force', 'Chapter', 'VIIISections', '141', 'to', '160Of', 'Offences', 'against', 'the', 'Public', 'Tranquillity', 'Chapter', 'IXSections', '161', 'to', '171Of', 'Offences', 'by', 'or', 'relating', 'to', 'Public', 'Servants', 'Chapter', 'IXASections', '171A', 'to', '171IOf', 'Offences', 'Relating', 'to', 'Elections', 'Chapter', 'XSections', '172', 'to', '190Of', 'Contempts', 'of', 'Lawful', 'Authority', 'of', 'Public', 'Servants', 'Chapter', 'XISections', '191', 'to', '229Of', 'False', 'Evidence', 'and', 'Offences', 'against', 'Public', 'Justice', 'Chapter', 'XIISections', '230', 'to', '263Of', 'Offences', 'relating', 'to', 'coin', 'and', 'Government', 'Stamps', 'Chapter', 'XIIISections', '264', 'to', '267Of', 'Offences', 'relating', 'to', 'Weight', 'and', 'Measures', 'Chapter', 'XIVSections', '268', 'to', '294Of', 'Offences', 'affecting', 'the', 'Public', 'Health,', 'Safety,', 'Convenience,', 'Decency', 'and', 'Morals.', 'Chapter', 'XVSections', '295', 'to', '298Of', 'Offences', 'relating', 'to', 'Religion', 'Chapter', 'XVISections', '299', 'to', '377Of', 'Offences', 'affecting', 'the', 'Human', 'Body.', 'Of', 'Offences', 'Affecting', 'Life', 'including', 'murder,', 'culpable', 'homicide', '(Sections', '299', 'to', '311)', 'Of', 'the', 'Causing', 'of', 'Miscarriage,', 'of', 'Injuries', 'to', 'Unborn', 'Children,', 'of', 'the', 'Exposure', 'of', 'Infants,', 'and', 'of', 'the', 'Concealment', 'of', 'Births', '(Sections', '312', 'to', '318)', 'Of', 'Hurt', '(Sections', '319', 'to', '338)', 'Of', 'Wrongful', 'Restraint', 'and', 'Wrongful', 'Confinement', '(Sections', '339', 'to', '348)', 'Of', 'Criminal', 'Force', 'and', 'Assault', '(Sections', '349', 'to', '358)', 'Of', 'Kidnapping,', 'Abduction,', 'Slavery', 'and', 'Forced', 'Labour', '(Sections', '359', 'to', '374)', 'Sexual', 'Offences', 'including', 'rape', 'and', 'Sodomy', '(Sections', '375', 'to', '377)', 'Chapter', 'XVIISections', '378', 'to', '462Of', 'Offences', 'Against', 'Property', 'Of', 'Theft', '(Sections', '378', 'to', '382)', 'Of', 'Extortion', '(Sections', '383', 'to', '389)', 'Of', 'Robbery', 'and', 'Dacoity', '(Sections', '390', 'to', '402)', 'Of', 'Criminal', 'Misappropriation', 'of', 'Property', '(Sections', '403', 'to', '404)', 'Of', 'Criminal', 'Breach', 'of', 'Trust', '(Sections', '405', 'to', '409)', 'Of', 'the', 'Receiving', 'of', 'Stolen', 'Property', '(Sections', '410', 'to', '414)', 'Of', 'Cheating', '(Section', '415', 'to', '420)', 'Of', 'Fraudulent', 'Deeds', 'and', 'Disposition', 'of', 'Property', '(Sections', '421', 'to', '424)', 'Of', 'Mischief', '(Sections', '425', 'to', '440)', 'Of', 'Criminal', 'Trespass', '(Sections', '441', 'to', '462)', 'Chapter', 'XVIIISection', '463', 'to', '489', '-EOffences', 'relating', 'to', 'Documents', 'and', 'Property', 'Marks', 'Offences', 'relating', 'to', 'Documents', '(Section', '463', 'to', '477-A)', 'Offences', 'relating', 'to', 'Property', 'and', 'Other', 'Marks', '(Sections', '478', 'to', '489)', 'Offences', 'relating', 'to', 'Currency', 'Notes', 'and', 'Bank', 'Notes', '(Sections', '489A', 'to', '489E)', 'Chapter', 'XIXSections', '490', 'to', '492Of', 'the', 'Criminal', 'Breach', 'of', 'Contracts', 'of', 'Service', 'Chapter', 'XXSections', '493', 'to', '498Of', 'Offences', 'Relating', 'to', 'Marriage', 'Chapter', 'XXASections', '498AOf', 'Cruelty', 'by', 'Husband', 'or', 'Relatives', 'of', 'Husband', 'Chapter', 'XXISections', '499', 'to', '502Of', 'Defamation', 'Chapter', 'XXIISections', '503', 'to', '510Of', 'Criminal', 'intimidation,', 'Insult', 'and', 'Annoyance', 'Chapter', 'XXIIISection', '511Of', 'Attempts', 'to', 'Commit', 'Offences', '1', 'The', 'Repealing', 'Act,', '1870', '14', '1870', '2', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1870', '27', '1870', '3', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1872', '19', '1872', '4', 'The', 'Indian', 'Oaths', 'Act,', '1873', '10', '1873', '5', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1882', '8', '1882', '6', 'The', 'Code', 'of', 'Criminal', 'Procedure,', '1882', '10', '1882', '7', 'The', 'Indian', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1886', '10', '1886', '8', 'The', 'Indian', 'Marine', 'Act,', '1887', '14', '1887', '9', 'The', 'Metal', 'Tokens', 'Act,', '1889', '1', '1889', '10', 'The', 'Indian', 'Merchandise', 'Marks', 'Act,', '1889', '4', '1889', '11', 'The', 'Cantonments', 'Act,', '1889', '13', '1889', '12', 'The', 'Indian', 'Railways', 'Act,', '1890', '9', '1890', '13', 'The', 'Indian', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1891', '10', '1891', '14', 'The', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1891', '12', '1891', '15', 'The', 'Indian', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1894', '3', '1894', '16', 'The', 'Indian', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1895', '3', '1895', '17', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1896', '6', '1896', '18', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1898', '4', '1898', '19', 'The', 'Currency-Notes', 'Forgery', 'Act,', '1899', '12', '1899', '20', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1910', '3', '1910', '21', 'The', 'Indian', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1913', '8', '1913', '22', 'The', 'Indian', 'Elections', 'Offences', 'and', 'Inquiries', 'Act,', '1920', '39', '1920', '23', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1921', '16', '1921', '24', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1923', '20', '1923', '25', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1924', '5', '1924', '26', 'The', 'Indian', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1924', '18', '1924', '27', 'The', \"Workmen's\", 'Breach', 'of', 'Contract', '(Repealing)', 'Act,', '1925', '3', '1925', '29', 'The', 'Obscene', 'Publications', 'Act,', '1925', '8', '1925', '29', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1925', '29', '1925', '30', 'The', 'Repealing', 'and', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1927', '10', '1927', '31', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1927', '25', '1927', '32', 'The', 'Repealing', 'and', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1930', '8', '1930', '33', 'The', 'Indian', 'Air', 'Force', 'Act,', '1932', '14', '1932', '34', 'The', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1934', '35', '1934', '35', 'The', 'Government', 'of', 'India', '(Adaptation', 'of', 'Indian', 'Laws)', 'Order,', '1937', 'N/A', '1937', '36', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1939', '22', '1939', '37', 'The', 'Offences', 'on', 'Ships', 'and', 'Aircraft', 'Act,', '1940', '4', '1940', '38', 'The', 'Indian', 'Merchandise', 'Marks', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1941', '2', '1941', '39', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1942', '8', '1942', '40', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1943', '6', '1943', '41', 'The', 'Indian', 'Independence', '(Adaptation', 'of', 'Central', 'Acts', 'and', 'Ordinances)', 'Order,', '1948', 'N/A', '1948', '42', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', '(Removal', 'of', 'Racial', 'Discriminations)', 'Act,', '1949', '17', '1949', '43', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'and', 'the', 'Code', 'of', 'Criminal', 'Procedure', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1949', '42', '1949', '44', 'The', 'Adaptation', 'of', 'Laws', 'Order,', '1950', 'N/A', '1950', '45', 'The', 'Repealing', 'and', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1950', '35', '1950', '46', 'The', 'Part', 'B', 'States', '(Laws)', 'Act,', '1951', '3', '1951', '47', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1952', '46', '1952', '48', 'The', 'Repealing', 'and', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1952', '48', '1952', '49', 'The', 'Repealing', 'and', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1953', '42', '1953', '50', 'The', 'Code', 'of', 'Criminal', 'Procedure', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1955', '26', '1955', '51', 'The', 'Adaptation', 'of', 'Laws', '(No.2)', 'Order,', '1956', 'N/A', '1956', '52', 'The', 'Repealing', 'and', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1957', '36', '1957', '53', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1958', '2', '1958', '54', 'The', 'Trade', 'and', 'Merchandise', 'Marks', 'Act,', '1958', '43', '1958', '55', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1959', '52', '1959', '56', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1961', '41', '1961', '57', 'The', 'Anti-Corruption', 'Laws', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1964', '40', '1964', '58', 'The', 'Criminal', 'and', 'Election', 'Laws', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1969', '35', '1969', '59', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1969', '36', '1969', '60', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1972', '31', '1972', '61', 'The', \"Employees'\", 'Provident', 'Funds', 'and', 'Family', 'Pension', 'Fund', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1973', '40', '1973', '62', 'The', \"Employees'\", 'State', 'Insurance', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1975', '38', '1975', '63', 'The', 'Election', 'Laws', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1975', '40', '1975', '64', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1983', '43', '1983', '65', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', '(Second', 'Amendment)', 'Act,', '1983', '46', '1983', '66', 'The', 'Dowry', 'Prohibition', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1986', '43', '1986', '67', 'The', \"Employees'\", 'Provident', 'Funds', 'and', 'Miscellaneous', 'Provisions', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1988', '33', '1988', '68', 'The', 'Prevention', 'of', 'Corruption', 'Act,', '1988', '49', '1988', '69', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1993', '42', '1993', '70', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1995', '24', '1995', '71', 'The', 'Information', 'Technology', 'Act,', '2000', '21', '2000', '72', 'The', 'Election', 'Laws', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2003', '24', '2003', '73', 'The', 'Code', 'of', 'Criminal', 'Procedure', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2005', '25', '2005', '74', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2005', '2', '2006', '75', 'The', 'Information', 'Technology', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2008', '10', '2009', '76', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2013', '13', '2013', '77', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2018', '2018', 'Chapter', 'I', 'Chapter', 'II', 'Chapter', 'III', 'Chapter', 'IV', 'Chapter', 'V', 'Chapter', 'VA', 'Chapter', 'VI', 'Chapter', 'VII', 'Chapter', 'VIII', 'Chapter', 'IX', 'Chapter', 'IXA', 'Chapter', 'X', 'Chapter', 'XI', 'Chapter', 'XII', 'Chapter', 'XIII', 'Chapter', 'XIV', 'Chapter', 'XV', 'Chapter', 'XVI', 'Chapter', 'XVII', 'Chapter', 'XVIII', 'Chapter', 'XIX', 'Chapter', 'XX', 'Chapter', 'XXA', 'Chapter', 'XXI', 'Chapter', 'XXII', 'Chapter', 'XXIII', '120B', '(criminal', 'conspiracy)', '121', '(war', 'against', 'the', 'Government', 'of', 'India)', '122', '(mutiny)', '194', '(false', 'evidence', 'to', 'procure', 'conviction', 'for', 'a', 'capital', 'offence)', '302,', '303', '(murder)', '305', '(abetting', 'suicide)', '364A', '(kidnapping', 'for', 'ransom)', '364A', '(banditry', 'with', 'murder)', '376A', '(rape)', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '20', '124A', '(sedition)', '294', '(obscenity)', '299', '(culpable', 'homicide)', '304', '(culpable', 'homicide', 'not', 'amounting', 'to', 'murder)', '309', '(attempted', 'suicide)', '320', '(grievous', 'hurt)', '326A', '(acid', 'attack)', '326B', '(attempted', 'acid', 'attack)', '377', '(unnatural', 'offences)', '420', '497', '(adultery)', 'Constitution', 'of', 'India', '(amendments)', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Code', 'of', 'Criminal', 'Procedure', '(India)', 'Acts', 'of', 'the', 'Parliament', 'Ordinance', 'In', 'ForceIn', 'Force', 'Real', 'Estate', '(Regulation', 'and', 'Development)', 'Act,', '2016', 'Consumer', 'Protection', 'Act,', '1986', 'Consumer', 'Protection', 'Act,', '2019', 'Essential', 'Commodities', 'Act', 'Essential', 'Services', 'Maintenance', 'Act', 'Benami', 'Transactions', '(Prohibition)', 'Act,', '1988', 'Black', 'Money', '(Undisclosed', 'Foreign', 'Income', 'and', 'Assets)', 'and', 'Imposition', 'of', 'Tax', 'Act,', '2015', 'Prevention', 'of', 'Corruption', 'Act,', '1988', 'The', 'Lokpal', 'and', 'Lokayuktas', 'Act,', '2013', 'Mines', 'and', 'Minerals', '(Development', 'and', 'Regulation)', 'Act', 'Prevention', 'of', 'Money', 'Laundering', 'Act,', '2002', 'Whistle', 'Blowers', 'Protection', 'Act,', '2011', 'Armed', 'Forces', '(Special', 'Powers)', 'Act', 'Armed', 'Forces', 'Tribunal', 'Act,', '2007', 'Arms', 'Act,', '1959', 'Army', 'Act,', '1950', 'Criminal', 'Law', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2013', 'Cigarettes', 'and', 'Other', 'Tobacco', 'Products', 'Act', 'Indian', 'Evidence', 'Act', 'Juvenile', 'Justice', '(Care', 'and', 'Protection', 'of', 'Children)', 'Act,', '2015', 'National', 'Security', 'Act', '(India)', 'Protection', 'of', 'Women', 'from', 'Domestic', 'Violence', 'Act,', '2005', 'Scheduled', 'Caste', 'and', 'Scheduled', 'Tribe', '(Prevention', 'of', 'Atrocities)', 'Act,', '1989', 'Indian', 'Institutes', 'of', 'Management', 'Act,', '2017', 'Institutes', 'of', 'Technology', 'Act,', '1961', 'National', 'Institutes', 'of', 'Technology', 'Act,', '2007', 'Right', 'of', 'Children', 'to', 'Free', 'and', 'Compulsory', 'Education', 'Act,', '2009', 'University', 'Grants', 'Commission', 'Act,', '1956', 'Air', '(Prevention', 'and', 'Control', 'of', 'Pollution)', 'Act', 'Biological', 'Diversity', 'Act,', '2002', 'CAMPA', 'bill', 'Environment', 'Protection', 'Act,', '1986', 'Indian', 'Forest', 'Act,', '1927', 'National', 'Green', 'Tribunal', 'Act', 'Prevention', 'of', 'Cruelty', 'to', 'Animals', 'Act', 'Protection', 'of', 'Plant', 'Varieties', 'and', \"Farmers'\", 'Rights', 'Act,', '2001', 'Wildlife', 'Protection', 'Act,', '1972', 'Aadhaar', '(Targeted', 'Delivery', 'of', 'Financial', 'and', 'other', 'Subsidies,', 'benefits', 'and', 'services)', 'Act,', '2016', 'Banking', 'Regulation', 'Act,', '1949', 'Conservation', 'of', 'Foreign', 'Exchange', 'and', 'Prevention', 'of', 'Smuggling', 'Activities', 'Act', 'Depositories', 'Act', 'The', 'Electricity', 'Act,', '2003', 'Expenditure', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1987', 'Finance', 'Act', '(India)', 'Fiscal', 'Responsibility', 'and', 'Budget', 'Management', 'Act,', '2003', 'Foreign', 'Contribution', '(Regulation)', 'Act,', '2010', 'Foreign', 'Exchange', 'Management', 'Act', 'Fugitive', 'Economic', 'Offenders', 'Act', 'Geographical', 'Indications', 'of', 'Goods', '(Registration', 'and', 'Protection)', 'Act,', '1999', 'Government', 'Securities', 'Act,', '2006', 'Indian', 'Contract', 'Act,', '1872', 'Indian', 'Stamp', 'Act,', '1899', 'Insolvency', 'and', 'Bankruptcy', 'Code,', '2016', 'Insurance', 'Act,', '1938', 'Negotiable', 'Instruments', 'Act,', '1881', 'Securities', 'Laws', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2014', 'Securitisation', 'and', 'Reconstruction', 'of', 'Financial', 'Assets', 'and', 'Enforcement', 'of', 'Security', 'Interest', 'Act,', '2002', 'The', 'Competition', 'Act,', '2002', 'The', 'High', 'Denomination', 'Bank', 'Notes', '(Demonetisation)', 'Act,', '1978', 'The', 'Income-tax', 'Act,', '1961', 'Transfer', 'of', 'Property', 'Act', '1882', 'Urban', 'Land', '(Ceiling', 'and', 'Regulation)', 'Act,', '1976', 'Central', 'Council', 'of', 'Homoeopathy', 'Act,', '1973', 'Clinical', 'Establishments', '(Registration', 'and', 'Regulation)', 'Act,', '2010', 'Dentist', 'Act', 'Drugs', 'and', 'Cosmetics', 'Act,', '1940', 'Drugs', 'and', 'Magic', 'Remedies', '(Objectionable', 'Advertisements)', 'Act,', '1954', 'HIV/AIDS', 'Prevention', 'Act', 'Indian', 'Medical', 'Council', 'Act', 'Mental', 'Health', 'Act,', '1987', 'Narcotic', 'Drugs', 'and', 'Psychotropic', 'Substances', 'Act,', '1985', 'Mental', 'Health', 'Care', 'Act,', '2017', 'Bonded', 'Labor', 'System', '(Abolition)', 'Act,', '1976', 'Factories', 'Act,1948,', 'India', 'Industrial', 'Disputes', 'Act,', '1947', 'Interstate', 'Migrant', 'Workmen', 'Act', '1979', 'Maternity', 'Benefit', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2017', 'Minimum', 'Wages', 'Act', '1948', 'National', 'Rural', 'Employment', 'Guarantee', 'Act,', '2005', 'Sexual', 'Harassment', 'of', 'Women', 'at', 'Workplace', '(Prevention,', 'Prohibition', 'and', 'Redressal)', 'Act,', '2013', 'Unorganised', \"Workers'\", 'Social', 'Security', 'Act', '2008', 'Hindu', 'Adoptions', 'and', 'Maintenance', 'Act', '(1956)', 'Majority', 'Act', '(India)', 'Hindu', 'Minority', 'and', 'Guardianship', 'Act', 'Hindu', 'Succession', 'Act,', '1956', 'Special', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '1954', 'The', 'Hindu', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '1955', 'The', 'Indian', 'Christian', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '1872', 'Rights', 'of', 'Persons', 'with', 'Disabilities', 'Act,', '2016', 'Child', 'Labour', '(Prohibition', 'and', 'Regulation)', 'Act', 'Indecent', 'Representation', 'of', 'Women', '(Prohibition)', 'Act', 'National', 'Food', 'Security', 'Act,', '2013', 'Pre-Conception', 'and', 'Pre-Natal', 'Diagnostic', 'Techniques', 'Act,', '1994', 'The', 'Prohibition', 'of', 'Child', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '2006', 'The', 'Scheduled', 'Tribes', 'and', 'Other', 'Traditional', 'Forest', 'Dwellers', '(Recognition', 'of', 'Forest', 'Rights)', 'Act,', '2006', 'Street', 'Vendors', 'Act,', '2014', 'Anti-Superstition', 'and', 'Black', 'Magic', 'Act', 'The', 'Bombay', 'Prohibition', 'Act,', '1949', 'Bombay', 'Prohibition', '(Gujarat', 'Amendment)', '2009', 'Chhattisgarh', 'Food', 'Security', 'Act,', '2012', 'Karnataka', 'Control', 'of', 'Organised', 'Crimes', 'Act', 'Maharashtra', 'Control', 'of', 'Organised', 'Crime', 'Act', 'Punjab', 'Control', 'of', 'Organised', 'Crime', 'Act', 'The', 'Gujarat', 'Local', 'Authorities', 'Laws', '(Amendment)', 'Bill,', '2009', 'Puducherry', 'Prevention', 'of', 'Anti-Social', 'Activities', 'Act', 'Andhra', 'Pradesh', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2014', 'Bihar', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2000', 'Jammu', 'and', 'Kashmir', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2019', 'Madhya', 'Pradesh', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2000', 'Punjab', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '1966', 'States', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '1956', 'Uttar', 'Pradesh', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2000', 'Anti-Hijacking', 'Act,', '2016', 'Unlawful', 'Activities', '(Prevention)', 'Act', 'Aircraft', 'Act', 'Motor', 'Vehicles', 'Act', '1988', 'National', 'Waterways', 'Act,', '2016', 'Inland', 'Vessels', 'Act', 'Metro', 'Railways', 'Act,', '1978', 'Metro', 'Railway', 'Act,', '2002', 'Chartered', 'Accountants', 'Act,', '1949', 'Companies', 'Act', '2013', 'Gram', 'Nyayalayas', 'Act,', '2008', 'Indian', 'Trusts', 'Act,', '1882', 'Micro,', 'Small', 'and', 'Medim', 'Enterprises', 'Development', 'Act,', '2006', 'Panchayats', '(Extension', 'to', 'Scheduled', 'Areas)', 'Act', '1996', 'Reserve', 'Bank', 'of', 'India', 'Act,', '1934', 'The', 'Indian', 'Partnership', 'Act,', '1932', 'Societies', 'Registration', 'Act,', '1860', 'The', 'Limited', 'Liability', 'Partnership', 'Act,', '2008', 'Repealing', 'and', 'Amending', 'Act,', '2015', 'Repealing', 'and', 'Amending', '(Second)', 'Act,', '2015', 'Repealing', 'and', 'Amending', 'Act,', '2016', 'Repealing', 'and', 'Amending', 'Act,', '2017', 'Repealing', 'and', 'Amending', '(Second)', 'Act,', '2017', 'All', 'India', 'Services', 'Act,', '1951', 'Delimitation', 'Act', 'Enemy', 'Property', 'Act,', '1968', 'Information', 'Technology', 'Act,', '2000', 'Nuclear', 'Liability', 'Act', 'Official', 'Secrets', 'Act', '(India)', 'Representation', 'of', 'the', 'People', 'Act,', '1951', 'Right', 'to', 'Fair', 'Compensation', 'and', 'Transparency', 'in', 'Land', 'Acquisition,', 'Rehabilitation', 'and', 'Resettlement', 'Act,', '2013', 'Right', 'to', 'Information', 'Act,', '2005', 'State', 'Emblem', 'of', 'India', '(Prohibition', 'of', 'Improper', 'Use)', 'Act,', '2005', 'The', 'Foreigners', 'Act,', '1946', 'RepealedRepealed', 'Age', 'of', 'Consent', 'Act,', '1891', 'Caste', 'Disabilities', 'Removal', 'Act,', '1850', 'Criminal', 'Tribes', 'Act', 'Hindu', \"Widows'\", 'Remarriage', 'Act,', '1856', 'English', 'Education', 'Act', '1835', 'Prevention', 'of', 'Seditious', 'Meetings', 'Act,', '1907', 'Anti-Copying', 'Act,', '1992', 'Foreign', 'Exchange', 'Regulation', 'Act', 'Gift', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1958', 'Illegal', 'Migrants', '(Determination', 'by', 'Tribunal)', 'Act,', '1983', 'Interest', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1974', 'Maintenance', 'of', 'Internal', 'Security', 'Act', 'Prevention', 'of', 'Terrorism', 'Act,', '2002', 'Terrorist', 'and', 'Disruptive', 'Activities', '(Prevention)', 'Act', 'The', 'Gold', '(Control)', 'Act,', '1968', 'The', 'Muslim', 'Women', '(Protection', 'of', 'Rights', 'on', 'Divorce)', 'Act', '1986', 'Wealth', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1957', 'BillsBills', 'Citizenship', 'Amendment', 'Bill', '2016', 'Foreign', 'Education', 'Providers', 'Bill,', '2013', 'Geospatial', 'Information', 'Regulation', 'Bill', 'Gujarat', 'Control', 'of', 'Organised', 'Crime', 'Act', 'Marriage', 'Laws', 'Amendment', 'Bill', 'Uniform', 'civil', 'code', 'Surrogacy', '(Regulation)', 'Bill,', '2019', 'Transgender', 'Persons', '(Protection', 'of', 'Rights)', 'Bill,', '2019', 'Judges', 'Assets', 'Bill', \"Women's\", 'Reservation', 'Bill', 'Citizenship', 'Amendment', 'Bill', '2016', 'An', 'Act', 'to', 'provide', 'a', 'general', 'penal', 'code', 'in', 'Indias', '1', 'History2', 'Objective3', 'Structure4', 'Controversies', '4.1', 'Unnatural', 'Offences', '(Sodomy)', '-', 'Section', '377', '4.2', 'Attempt', 'to', 'Commit', 'Suicide', '-', 'Section', '309', '4.3', 'Adultery', '-', 'Section', '497', '4.4', 'Death', 'penalty', '(Capital', 'Punishment)', '4.1', 'Unnatural', 'Offences', '(Sodomy)', '-', 'Section', '3774.2', 'Attempt', 'to', 'Commit', 'Suicide', '-', 'Section', '3094.3', 'Adultery', '-', 'Section', '4974.4', 'Death', 'penalty', '(Capital', 'Punishment)5', 'Criminal', 'justice', 'reforms6', 'Amendments7', 'Acclaim8', 'Cultural', 'references9', 'See', 'also10', 'References11', 'Further', 'reading12', 'External', 'linksOf', 'Offences', 'Affecting', 'Life', 'including', 'murder,', 'culpable', 'homicide', '(Sections', '299', 'to', '311)Of', 'the', 'Causing', 'of', 'Miscarriage,', 'of', 'Injuries', 'to', 'Unborn', 'Children,', 'of', 'the', 'Exposure', 'of', 'Infants,', 'and', 'of', 'the', 'Concealment', 'of', 'Births', '(Sections', '312', 'to', '318)Of', 'Hurt', '(Sections', '319', 'to', '338)Of', 'Wrongful', 'Restraint', 'and', 'Wrongful', 'Confinement', '(Sections', '339', 'to', '348)Of', 'Criminal', 'Force', 'and', 'Assault', '(Sections', '349', 'to', '358)Of', 'Kidnapping,', 'Abduction,', 'Slavery', 'and', 'Forced', 'Labour', '(Sections', '359', 'to', '374)Sexual', 'Offences', 'including', 'rape', 'and', 'Sodomy', '(Sections', '375', 'to', '377)Of', 'Theft', '(Sections', '378', 'to', '382)Of', 'Extortion', '(Sections', '383', 'to', '389)Of', 'Robbery', 'and', 'Dacoity', '(Sections', '390', 'to', '402)Of', 'Criminal', 'Misappropriation', 'of', 'Property', '(Sections', '403', 'to', '404)Of', 'Criminal', 'Breach', 'of', 'Trust', '(Sections', '405', 'to', '409)Of', 'the', 'Receiving', 'of', 'Stolen', 'Property', '(Sections', '410', 'to', '414)Of', 'Cheating', '(Section', '415', 'to', '420)Of', 'Fraudulent', 'Deeds', 'and', 'Disposition', 'of', 'Property', '(Sections', '421', 'to', '424)Of', 'Mischief', '(Sections', '425', 'to', '440)Of', 'Criminal', 'Trespass', '(Sections', '441', 'to', '462)Offences', 'relating', 'to', 'Documents', '(Section', '463', 'to', '477-A)Offences', 'relating', 'to', 'Property', 'and', 'Other', 'Marks', '(Sections', '478', 'to', '489)Offences', 'relating', 'to', 'Currency', 'Notes', 'and', 'Bank', 'Notes', '(Sections', '489A', 'to', '489E)Section', '377', 'The', 'Delhi', 'High', 'Court', 'on', '2', 'July', '2009', 'gave', 'a', 'liberal', 'interpretation', 'to', 'this', 'section', 'and', 'laid', 'down', 'that', 'this', 'section', 'can', 'not', 'be', 'used', 'to', 'punish', 'an', 'act', 'of', 'consensual', 'sexual', 'intercourse', 'between', 'two', 'same', 'sex', 'individuals.[8]On', '11', 'December', '2013,', 'Supreme', 'Court', 'of', 'India', 'over-ruled', 'the', 'judgment', 'given', 'by', 'Delhi', 'High', 'court', 'in', '2009', 'and', 'clarified', 'that', '\"Section', '377,', 'which', 'holds', 'same-sex', 'relations', 'unnatural,', 'does', 'not', 'suffer', 'from', 'unconstitutionality\".', 'The', 'Bench', 'said:', '\"We', 'hold', 'that', 'Section', '377', 'does', 'not', 'suffer', 'from', '...', 'unconstitutionality', 'and', 'the', 'declaration', 'made', 'by', 'the', 'Division', 'Bench', 'of', 'the', 'High', 'Court', 'is', 'legally', 'unsustainable.\"', 'It,', 'however,', 'said:', '\"Notwithstanding', 'this', 'verdict,', 'the', 'competent', 'legislature', 'shall', 'be', 'free', 'to', 'consider', 'the', 'desirability', 'and', 'propriety', 'of', 'deleting', 'Section', '377', 'from', 'the', 'statute', 'book', 'or', 'amend', 'it', 'as', 'per', 'the', 'suggestion', 'made', 'by', 'Attorney-General', 'G.E.', 'Vahanvati.\"[9]On', '8', 'January', '2018,', 'the', 'Supreme', 'Court', 'agreed', 'to', 'reconsider', 'its', '2013', 'decision', 'and', 'after', 'much', 'deliberation', 'agreed', 'to', 'decriminalise', 'the', 'parts', 'of', 'Section', '377', 'that', 'criminalised', 'same', 'sex', 'relations', 'on', '6', 'September', '2018.', '[10]', 'The', 'judgement', 'of', 'Suresh', 'Kumar', 'Koushal', 'v.', 'Naz', 'Foundation', 'is', 'overruled.[11]Civil', 'Procedure', 'Code,', '1908Code', 'of', 'Criminal', 'Procedure,', '1973Indian', 'Evidence', 'ActCategory:Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Sections^', \"Universal's\", 'Guide', 'to', 'Judicial', 'Service', 'Examination.', 'Universal', 'Law', 'Publishing.', 'p.', '2.', 'ISBN', '978-93-5035-029-4..mw-parser-output', 'cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output', '.citation', 'q{quotes:\"\\\\\"\"\"\\\\\"\"\"\\'\"\"\\'\"}.mw-parser-output', '.citation', '.cs1-lock-free', 'a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', '.1em', 'center}.mw-parser-output', '.citation', '.cs1-lock-limited', 'a,.mw-parser-output', '.citation', '.cs1-lock-registration', 'a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', '.1em', 'center}.mw-parser-output', '.citation', '.cs1-lock-subscription', 'a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', '.1em', 'center}.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-subscription', 'span,.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-registration', 'span{border-bottom:1px', 'dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-ws-icon', 'a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', '.1em', 'center}.mw-parser-output', 'code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}', '^', 'Lal', 'Kalla,', 'Krishan', '(1985).', 'The', 'Literary', 'Heritage', 'of', 'Kashmir.', 'Jammu', 'and', 'Kashmir:', 'Mittal', 'Publications.', 'p.', '75.', 'Retrieved', '19', 'September', '2014.', '^', '\"Law', 'Commission', 'of', 'India', '-', 'Early', 'Beginnings\".', 'Law', 'Commission', 'of', 'India.', 'Retrieved', '19', 'September', '2014.', '^', '\"Historical', 'Introduction', 'to', 'IPC', '(PDF)\"', '(PDF).', '^', '\"Preamble', 'of', 'IPC', '(download', 'IPC', 'in', 'PDF)\".', '^', 'B.M.Gandhi.', 'Indian', 'Panel', 'Code', '(2013', 'ed.).', 'EBC.', 'pp.', '1–832.', 'ISBN', '978-81-7012-892-2.', '^', 'B.M.Gandhi.', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code.', 'EBC.', 'pp.', '1–796.', 'ISBN', '978-81-7012-892-2.', '^', '\"Delhi', 'High', 'Court', 'strikes', 'down', 'Section', '377', 'of', 'IPC\".', 'The', 'Hindu.', '3', 'July', '2009.', 'ISSN', '0971-751X.', 'Retrieved', '24', 'September', '2018.', '^', 'Venkatesan,', 'J.', '(11', 'December', '2013).', '\"Supreme', 'Court', 'sets', 'aside', 'Delhi', 'HC', 'verdict', 'decriminalising', 'gay', 'sex\".', 'The', 'Hindu.', 'ISSN', '0971-751X.', 'Retrieved', '24', 'September', '2018.', '^', '\"SC', 'decriminalises', 'Section', '377:', 'A', 'timeline', 'of', 'the', 'case\".', 'Times', 'of', 'India.', '6', 'September', '2018.', 'Retrieved', '7', 'September', '2018.', '^', '\"Supreme', \"Court's\", 'decision', 'on', 'Section', '377:', 'Separate', 'decision', 'of', '5', 'Judges', '[Read', 'Judgement]\".', 'www.lawji.in.', 'Retrieved', '9', 'September', '2018.', '^', '\"Government', 'decriminalizes', 'attempt', 'to', 'commit', 'suicide,', 'removes', 'section', '309\".', 'The', 'Times', 'of', 'India.', '10', 'December', '2014.', 'Retrieved', '15', 'August', '2015.', '^', '\"Attempt', 'to', 'Suicide\".', 'Press', 'Information', 'Bureau.', 'Ministry', 'of', 'Home', 'Affairs,', 'Government', 'of', 'India.', 'Retrieved', '15', 'August', '2015.', '^', '\"Rajasthan', 'HC', 'says', 'Santhara', 'illegal,', 'Jain', 'saints', 'want', 'PM', 'Modi', 'to', 'move', 'SC\".', 'The', 'Indian', 'Express.', 'Retrieved', '15', 'August', '2015.', '^', '\"Rajasthan', 'HC', 'bans', 'starvation', 'ritual', \"'Santhara',\", 'says', 'fasting', 'unto', 'death', 'not', 'essential', 'tenet', 'of', 'Jainism\".', 'IBN', 'Live.', 'CNN-IBN.', '10', 'August', '2015.', 'Retrieved', '15', 'August', '2015.', '^', '\"Wife', 'is', 'private', 'property,', 'so', 'no', 'trespassing\".', 'The', 'Times', 'of', 'india.', '17', 'July', '2015.', 'Retrieved', '15', 'August', '2015.', '^', '\"Adultery', 'law', 'biased', 'against', 'men,', 'says', 'Supreme', 'Court\".', 'The', 'Times', 'of', 'India.', '3', 'December', '2011.', 'Retrieved', '15', 'August', '2015.', '^', 'Abrams,', 'Corinne', '(3', 'September', '2015).', '\"The', 'Reasons', \"India's\", 'Law', 'Commission', 'Says', 'the', 'Death', 'Penalty', 'Should', 'Be', 'Scrapped\".', '^', '\"IPC', 'Reform', 'Committee', 'recommends', 'separation', 'of', 'investigation', 'from', 'prosecution', 'powers', '(pdf)\"', '(PDF).', 'Retrieved', '23', 'May', '2012.', '^', 'Parliament', 'of', 'India.', '\"The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code\"', '(PDF).', 'childlineindia.org.in.', 'Retrieved', '7', 'June', '2015.', 'This', 'article', 'incorporates', 'text', 'from', 'this', 'source,', 'which', 'is', 'in', 'the', 'public', 'domain.', '^', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code,', '1860.', 'Current', 'Publications.', '7', 'May', '2015.', 'Retrieved', '8', 'June', '2015.', '^', '\"IPC\\'s', 'endurance', 'lauded\".', 'The', 'New', 'Indian', 'Express.', 'Retrieved', '24', 'September', '2018.', '^', 'Henry', 'Scholberg', '(1992),', 'The', 'return', 'of', 'the', 'Raj:', 'a', 'novel,', 'NorthStar', 'Publications,', '1992,', '...', 'People', 'were', 'saying,', \"'Twenty\", 'plus', 'Four', 'equals', 'Char', 'Sau', \"Bees.'\", 'Char', 'Sou', 'Bees', 'is', '420', 'which', 'is', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'the', 'law', 'that', 'has', 'to', 'do', 'with', 'counterfeiting', '...', '^', 'Star', 'Plus,', 'The', 'Great', 'Indian', 'Laughter', 'Challenge', '–', 'Jokes', 'Book,', 'Popular', 'Prakashan,', 'ISBN', '978-81-7991-343-7,', '...', 'Tazeerat-e-hind,', 'dafa', '302', 'ke', 'tahat,', 'mujrim', 'ko', 'maut', 'ki', 'saza', 'sunai', 'jaati', 'hai', '...', '^', 'Alok', 'Tomar;', 'Monisha', 'Shah;', 'Jonathan', 'Lynn', '(2001),', 'Ji', 'Mantriji:', 'The', 'diaries', 'of', 'Shri', 'Suryaprakash', 'Singh,', 'Penguin', 'Books', 'in', 'association', 'with', 'BBC', 'Worldwide,', '2001,', 'ISBN', '978-0-14-302767-6,', '...', \"we'd\", 'have', 'the', 'death', 'penalty', 'back', 'tomorrow.', 'Dafa', '302,', 'taaziraat-e-Hind', '...', 'to', 'be', 'hung', 'by', 'the', 'neck', 'until', 'death', '...', '^', 'D.', 'P.', 'Mishra', '(1', 'September', '2006),', 'Great', 'masters', 'of', 'Indian', 'cinema:', 'the', 'Dadasaheb', 'Phalke', 'Award', 'winnersGreat', 'Masters', 'of', 'Indian', 'Cinema', 'Series,', 'Publications', 'Division,', 'Ministry', 'of', 'Information', 'and', 'Broadcasting,', 'Government', 'of', 'India,', '2006,', 'ISBN', '978-81-230-1361-9,', '...', 'Badti', 'Ka', 'Naam', 'Dadhi', '(', '1975),', 'Chhoti', 'Si', 'Baat', '(', '1975),', 'Dafa', '302', '(', '1', '975),', 'Chori', 'Mera', 'Kaam', '(', '1975),', 'Ek', 'Mahal', 'Ho', 'Sapnon', 'Ka', '(1975)', '...', '^', '\"Shree', '420\"', '–', 'via', 'www.imdb.com.', '^', 'Haasan,', 'Kamal;', 'Puri,', 'Amrish;', 'Puri,', 'Om;', 'Tabu', '(19', 'December', '1997),', 'Chachi', '420,', 'retrieved', '3', 'April', '2017', 'C.K.Takwani', '(2014).', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code.', 'Eastern', 'Book', 'Company.Murlidhar', 'Chaturvedi', '(2011).', 'Bhartiya', 'Dand', 'Sanhita,1860.', 'EBC.', 'ISBN', '978-93-5028-140-6.Surender', 'Malik;', 'Sudeep', 'Malik', '(2015).', 'Supreme', 'Court', 'on', 'Penal', 'Code.', 'EBC.', 'ISBN', '978-93-5145-218-8.Constitution', 'of', 'IndiaDownload', 'Constitution', 'Of', 'India', 'FREE', 'In', 'Hindi', '&', 'EnglishIndian', 'Penal', 'Code', '1860I.P.C', '(Mobile', 'Friendly)vteChapter', 'IChapter', 'IIChapter', 'IIIChapter', 'IVChapter', 'VChapter', 'VAChapter', 'VIChapter', 'VIIChapter', 'VIIIChapter', 'IXChapter', 'IXAChapter', 'XChapter', 'XIChapter', 'XIIChapter', 'XIIIChapter', 'XIVChapter', 'XVChapter', 'XVIChapter', 'XVIIChapter', 'XVIIIChapter', 'XIXChapter', 'XXChapter', 'XXAChapter', 'XXIChapter', 'XXIIChapter', 'XXIII120B', '(criminal', 'conspiracy)121', '(war', 'against', 'the', 'Government', 'of', 'India)122', '(mutiny)194', '(false', 'evidence', 'to', 'procure', 'conviction', 'for', 'a', 'capital', 'offence)302,', '303', '(murder)305', '(abetting', 'suicide)364A', '(kidnapping', 'for', 'ransom)364A', '(banditry', 'with', 'murder)376A', '(rape)1234520124A', '(sedition)294', '(obscenity)299', '(culpable', 'homicide)304', '(culpable', 'homicide', 'not', 'amounting', 'to', 'murder)309', '(attempted', 'suicide)320', '(grievous', 'hurt)326A', '(acid', 'attack)326B', '(attempted', 'acid', 'attack)377', '(unnatural', 'offences)420497', '(adultery)vteConstitution', 'of', 'India', '(amendments)Indian', 'Penal', 'CodeCode', 'of', 'Criminal', 'Procedure', '(India)Acts', 'of', 'the', 'ParliamentOrdinanceReal', 'Estate', '(Regulation', 'and', 'Development)', 'Act,', '2016Consumer', 'Protection', 'Act,', '1986Consumer', 'Protection', 'Act,', '2019Essential', 'Commodities', 'ActEssential', 'Services', 'Maintenance', 'ActBenami', 'Transactions', '(Prohibition)', 'Act,', '1988Black', 'Money', '(Undisclosed', 'Foreign', 'Income', 'and', 'Assets)', 'and', 'Imposition', 'of', 'Tax', 'Act,', '2015Prevention', 'of', 'Corruption', 'Act,', '1988The', 'Lokpal', 'and', 'Lokayuktas', 'Act,', '2013Mines', 'and', 'Minerals', '(Development', 'and', 'Regulation)', 'ActPrevention', 'of', 'Money', 'Laundering', 'Act,', '2002Whistle', 'Blowers', 'Protection', 'Act,', '2011Armed', 'Forces', '(Special', 'Powers)', 'ActArmed', 'Forces', 'Tribunal', 'Act,', '2007Arms', 'Act,', '1959Army', 'Act,', '1950Criminal', 'Law', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2013Cigarettes', 'and', 'Other', 'Tobacco', 'Products', 'ActIndian', 'Evidence', 'ActJuvenile', 'Justice', '(Care', 'and', 'Protection', 'of', 'Children)', 'Act,', '2015National', 'Security', 'Act', '(India)Protection', 'of', 'Women', 'from', 'Domestic', 'Violence', 'Act,', '2005Scheduled', 'Caste', 'and', 'Scheduled', 'Tribe', '(Prevention', 'of', 'Atrocities)', 'Act,', '1989Indian', 'Institutes', 'of', 'Management', 'Act,', '2017Institutes', 'of', 'Technology', 'Act,', '1961National', 'Institutes', 'of', 'Technology', 'Act,', '2007Right', 'of', 'Children', 'to', 'Free', 'and', 'Compulsory', 'Education', 'Act,', '2009University', 'Grants', 'Commission', 'Act,', '1956Air', '(Prevention', 'and', 'Control', 'of', 'Pollution)', 'ActBiological', 'Diversity', 'Act,', '2002CAMPA', 'billEnvironment', 'Protection', 'Act,', '1986Indian', 'Forest', 'Act,', '1927National', 'Green', 'Tribunal', 'ActPrevention', 'of', 'Cruelty', 'to', 'Animals', 'ActProtection', 'of', 'Plant', 'Varieties', 'and', \"Farmers'\", 'Rights', 'Act,', '2001Wildlife', 'Protection', 'Act,', '1972Aadhaar', '(Targeted', 'Delivery', 'of', 'Financial', 'and', 'other', 'Subsidies,', 'benefits', 'and', 'services)', 'Act,', '2016Banking', 'Regulation', 'Act,', '1949Conservation', 'of', 'Foreign', 'Exchange', 'and', 'Prevention', 'of', 'Smuggling', 'Activities', 'ActDepositories', 'ActThe', 'Electricity', 'Act,', '2003Expenditure', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1987Finance', 'Act', '(India)Fiscal', 'Responsibility', 'and', 'Budget', 'Management', 'Act,', '2003Foreign', 'Contribution', '(Regulation)', 'Act,', '2010Foreign', 'Exchange', 'Management', 'ActFugitive', 'Economic', 'Offenders', 'ActGeographical', 'Indications', 'of', 'Goods', '(Registration', 'and', 'Protection)', 'Act,', '1999Government', 'Securities', 'Act,', '2006Indian', 'Contract', 'Act,', '1872Indian', 'Stamp', 'Act,', '1899Insolvency', 'and', 'Bankruptcy', 'Code,', '2016Insurance', 'Act,', '1938Negotiable', 'Instruments', 'Act,', '1881Securities', 'Laws', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2014Securitisation', 'and', 'Reconstruction', 'of', 'Financial', 'Assets', 'and', 'Enforcement', 'of', 'Security', 'Interest', 'Act,', '2002The', 'Competition', 'Act,', '2002The', 'High', 'Denomination', 'Bank', 'Notes', '(Demonetisation)', 'Act,', '1978The', 'Income-tax', 'Act,', '1961Transfer', 'of', 'Property', 'Act', '1882Urban', 'Land', '(Ceiling', 'and', 'Regulation)', 'Act,', '1976Central', 'Council', 'of', 'Homoeopathy', 'Act,', '1973Clinical', 'Establishments', '(Registration', 'and', 'Regulation)', 'Act,', '2010Dentist', 'ActDrugs', 'and', 'Cosmetics', 'Act,', '1940Drugs', 'and', 'Magic', 'Remedies', '(Objectionable', 'Advertisements)', 'Act,', '1954HIV/AIDS', 'Prevention', 'ActIndian', 'Medical', 'Council', 'ActMental', 'Health', 'Act,', '1987Narcotic', 'Drugs', 'and', 'Psychotropic', 'Substances', 'Act,', '1985Mental', 'Health', 'Care', 'Act,', '2017Bonded', 'Labor', 'System', '(Abolition)', 'Act,', '1976Factories', 'Act,1948,', 'IndiaIndustrial', 'Disputes', 'Act,', '1947Interstate', 'Migrant', 'Workmen', 'Act', '1979Maternity', 'Benefit', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2017Minimum', 'Wages', 'Act', '1948National', 'Rural', 'Employment', 'Guarantee', 'Act,', '2005Sexual', 'Harassment', 'of', 'Women', 'at', 'Workplace', '(Prevention,', 'Prohibition', 'and', 'Redressal)', 'Act,', '2013Unorganised', \"Workers'\", 'Social', 'Security', 'Act', '2008Hindu', 'Adoptions', 'and', 'Maintenance', 'Act', '(1956)Majority', 'Act', '(India)Hindu', 'Minority', 'and', 'Guardianship', 'ActHindu', 'Succession', 'Act,', '1956Special', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '1954The', 'Hindu', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '1955The', 'Indian', 'Christian', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '1872Rights', 'of', 'Persons', 'with', 'Disabilities', 'Act,', '2016Child', 'Labour', '(Prohibition', 'and', 'Regulation)', 'ActIndecent', 'Representation', 'of', 'Women', '(Prohibition)', 'ActNational', 'Food', 'Security', 'Act,', '2013Pre-Conception', 'and', 'Pre-Natal', 'Diagnostic', 'Techniques', 'Act,', '1994The', 'Prohibition', 'of', 'Child', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '2006The', 'Scheduled', 'Tribes', 'and', 'Other', 'Traditional', 'Forest', 'Dwellers', '(Recognition', 'of', 'Forest', 'Rights)', 'Act,', '2006Street', 'Vendors', 'Act,', '2014Anti-Superstition', 'and', 'Black', 'Magic', 'ActThe', 'Bombay', 'Prohibition', 'Act,', '1949Bombay', 'Prohibition', '(Gujarat', 'Amendment)', '2009Chhattisgarh', 'Food', 'Security', 'Act,', '2012Karnataka', 'Control', 'of', 'Organised', 'Crimes', 'ActMaharashtra', 'Control', 'of', 'Organised', 'Crime', 'ActPunjab', 'Control', 'of', 'Organised', 'Crime', 'ActThe', 'Gujarat', 'Local', 'Authorities', 'Laws', '(Amendment)', 'Bill,', '2009Puducherry', 'Prevention', 'of', 'Anti-Social', 'Activities', 'ActAndhra', 'Pradesh', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2014Bihar', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2000Jammu', 'and', 'Kashmir', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2019Madhya', 'Pradesh', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2000Punjab', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '1966States', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '1956Uttar', 'Pradesh', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2000Anti-Hijacking', 'Act,', '2016Unlawful', 'Activities', '(Prevention)', 'ActAircraft', 'ActMotor', 'Vehicles', 'Act', '19881988National', 'Waterways', 'Act,', '2016Inland', 'Vessels', 'ActMetro', 'Railways', 'Act,', '1978Metro', 'Railway', 'Act,', '2002Chartered', 'Accountants', 'Act,', '1949Companies', 'Act', '2013Gram', 'Nyayalayas', 'Act,', '2008Indian', 'Trusts', 'Act,', '1882Micro,', 'Small', 'and', 'Medim', 'Enterprises', 'Development', 'Act,', '2006Panchayats', '(Extension', 'to', 'Scheduled', 'Areas)', 'Act', '1996Reserve', 'Bank', 'of', 'India', 'Act,', '1934The', 'Indian', 'Partnership', 'Act,', '1932Societies', 'Registration', 'Act,', '1860The', 'Limited', 'Liability', 'Partnership', 'Act,', '2008Repealing', 'and', 'Amending', 'Act,', '2015Repealing', 'and', 'Amending', '(Second)', 'Act,', '2015Repealing', 'and', 'Amending', 'Act,', '2016Repealing', 'and', 'Amending', 'Act,', '2017Repealing', 'and', 'Amending', '(Second)', 'Act,', '2017All', 'India', 'Services', 'Act,', '1951Delimitation', 'ActEnemy', 'Property', 'Act,', '1968Information', 'Technology', 'Act,', '2000Nuclear', 'Liability', 'ActOfficial', 'Secrets', 'Act', '(India)Representation', 'of', 'the', 'People', 'Act,', '1951Right', 'to', 'Fair', 'Compensation', 'and', 'Transparency', 'in', 'Land', 'Acquisition,', 'Rehabilitation', 'and', 'Resettlement', 'Act,', '2013Right', 'to', 'Information', 'Act,', '2005State', 'Emblem', 'of', 'India', '(Prohibition', 'of', 'Improper', 'Use)', 'Act,', '2005The', 'Foreigners', 'Act,', '1946Age', 'of', 'Consent', 'Act,', '1891Caste', 'Disabilities', 'Removal', 'Act,', '1850Criminal', 'Tribes', 'ActHindu', \"Widows'\", 'Remarriage', 'Act,', '1856English', 'Education', 'Act', '1835Prevention', 'of', 'Seditious', 'Meetings', 'Act,', '1907Anti-Copying', 'Act,', '1992Foreign', 'Exchange', 'Regulation', 'ActGift', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1958Illegal', 'Migrants', '(Determination', 'by', 'Tribunal)', 'Act,', '1983Interest', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1974Maintenance', 'of', 'Internal', 'Security', 'ActPrevention', 'of', 'Terrorism', 'Act,', '2002Terrorist', 'and', 'Disruptive', 'Activities', '(Prevention)', 'ActThe', 'Gold', '(Control)', 'Act,', '1968The', 'Muslim', 'Women', '(Protection', 'of', 'Rights', 'on', 'Divorce)', 'Act', '1986Wealth', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1957Citizenship', 'Amendment', 'Bill', '2016Foreign', 'Education', 'Providers', 'Bill,', '2013Geospatial', 'Information', 'Regulation', 'BillGujarat', 'Control', 'of', 'Organised', 'Crime', 'ActMarriage', 'Laws', 'Amendment', 'BillUniform', 'civil', 'codeSurrogacy', '(Regulation)', 'Bill,', '2019Transgender', 'Persons', '(Protection', 'of', 'Rights)', 'Bill,', '2019Judges', 'Assets', \"BillWomen's\", 'Reservation', 'BillCitizenship', 'Amendment', 'Bill', '2016Indian', 'Penal', 'CodeActs', 'of', 'the', 'Parliament', 'of', 'IndiaLegislation', 'in', 'British', 'IndiaCriminal', 'codes1860', 'in', 'British', 'law1860', 'in', 'law1860', 'in', 'IndiaUse', 'dmy', 'dates', 'from', 'June', '2016Use', 'Indian', 'English', 'from', 'June', '2016All', 'Wikipedia', 'articles', 'written', 'in', 'Indian', 'EnglishPages', 'using', 'collapsible', 'list', 'with', 'both', 'background', 'and', 'text-align', 'in', 'titlestylePages', 'using', 'a', 'deprecated', 'parameter', 'in', 'the', 'legislation', 'infoboxAll', 'articles', 'with', 'unsourced', 'statementsArticles', 'with', 'unsourced', 'statements', 'from', 'December', '2010Not', 'logged', 'inTalkContributionsCreate', 'accountLog', 'inArticleTalkReadEditView', 'historyMain', 'pageContentsFeatured', 'contentCurrent', 'eventsRandom', 'articleDonate', 'to', 'WikipediaWikipedia', 'storeHelpAbout', 'WikipediaCommunity', 'portalRecent', 'changesContact', 'pageWhat', 'links', 'hereRelated', 'changesUpload', 'fileSpecial', 'pagesPermanent', 'linkPage', 'informationWikidata', 'itemCite', 'this', 'pageCreate', 'a', 'bookDownload', 'as', 'PDFPrintable', 'versionঅসমীয়াবাংলাગુજરાતીहिन्दीBahasa', 'Indonesiaമലയാളംमराठीଓଡ଼ିଆਪੰਜਾਬੀSimple', 'Englishதமிழ்తెలుగుاردو', 'This', 'page', 'was', 'last', 'edited', 'on', '5', 'October', '2019,', 'at', '21:36', '(UTC).Text', 'is', 'available', 'under', 'the', 'Creative', 'Commons', 'Attribution-ShareAlike', 'License;', 'additional', 'terms', 'may', 'apply.', 'By', 'using', 'this', 'site,', 'you', 'agree', 'to', 'the', 'Terms', 'of', 'Use', 'and', 'Privacy', 'Policy.', 'Wikipedia®', 'is', 'a', 'registered', 'trademark', 'of', 'the', 'Wikimedia', 'Foundation,', 'Inc.,', 'a', 'non-profit', 'organization.Privacy', 'policyAbout', 'WikipediaDisclaimersContact', 'WikipediaDevelopersCookie', 'statementMobile', 'view']\n",
            "5827\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "X_7krf9Bn3Q9",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        "#for i in contents:\n",
        "    #contents = nltk.word_tokenize(i)\n",
        "    #print(contents)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "nFTextMpVBEe",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "**STOP WORDS REMOVAL**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "3qzm29Oqoom5",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "99f08602-9a00-4efd-8a75-3f7416c61ff8",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 73
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "cachedStopWords = stopwords.words(\"english\")\n",
        "contents = [word for word in contents if word not in cachedStopWords]\n",
        "print(contents)\n",
        "print(len(contents))"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "['The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '(IPC)', 'official', 'criminal', 'code', 'India.', 'It', 'comprehensive', 'code', 'intended', 'cover', 'substantive', 'aspects', 'criminal', 'law.', 'The', 'code', 'drafted', '1860', 'recommendations', 'first', 'law', 'commission', 'India', 'established', '1834', 'Charter', 'Act', '1833', 'Chairmanship', 'Lord', 'Thomas', 'Babington', 'Macaulay.[1][2][3]', 'It', 'came', 'force', 'British', 'India', 'early', 'British', 'Raj', 'period', '1862.', 'However,', 'apply', 'automatically', 'Princely', 'states,', 'courts', 'legal', 'systems', '1940s.', 'The', 'Code', 'since', 'amended', 'several', 'times', 'supplemented', 'criminal', 'provisions.', 'After', 'partition', 'British', 'Indian', 'Empire,', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'inherited', 'successor', 'states,', 'Dominion', 'India', 'Dominion', 'Pakistan,', 'continues', 'independently', 'Pakistan', 'Penal', 'Code.', 'The', 'Ranbir', 'Penal', 'Code', '(R.P.C)', 'applicable', 'Jammu', 'Kashmir', 'also', 'based', 'Code,', 'However,', 'successful', 'passage', 'Jammu', 'Kashmir', 'Reorganisation', 'Bill,', '2019', 'Rajya', 'Sabha', 'Lok', 'Sabha', 'respectively,', 'Ranbir', 'Penal', 'Code', 'repealed', '31', 'October', '2019,', 'henceforth', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'extended', 'region', 'aforementioned', 'date.', 'After', 'separation', 'Bangladesh', 'Pakistan,', 'code', 'continued', 'force', 'there.', 'The', 'Code', 'also', 'adopted', 'British', 'colonial', 'authorities', 'Colonial', 'Burma,', 'Ceylon', '(modern', 'Sri', 'Lanka),', 'Straits', 'Settlements', '(now', 'part', 'Malaysia),', 'Singapore', 'Brunei,', 'remains', 'basis', 'criminal', 'codes', 'countries.', 'The', 'draft', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'prepared', 'First', 'Law', 'Commission,', 'chaired', 'Thomas', 'Babington', 'Macaulay', '1834', 'submitted', 'Governor-General', 'India', 'Council', '1835.', 'Its', 'basis', 'law', 'England', 'freed', 'superfluities,', 'technicalities', 'local', 'peculiarities.', 'Elements', 'also', 'derived', 'Napoleonic', 'Code', 'Edward', \"Livingston's\", 'Louisiana', 'Civil', 'Code', '1825.', 'The', 'first', 'final', 'draft', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'submitted', 'Governor-General', 'India', 'Council', '1837,', 'draft', 'revised.', 'The', 'drafting', 'completed', '1850', 'Code', 'presented', 'Legislative', 'Council', '1856,', 'take', 'place', 'statute', 'book', 'British', 'India', 'generation', 'later,', 'following', 'Indian', 'Rebellion', '1857.', 'The', 'draft', 'underwent', 'careful', 'revision', 'hands', 'Barnes', 'Peacock,', 'later', 'became', 'first', 'Chief', 'Justice', 'Calcutta', 'High', 'Court,', 'future', 'puisne', 'judges', 'Calcutta', 'High', 'Court,', 'members', 'Legislative', 'Council,', 'passed', 'law', '6', 'October', '1860.[4]', 'The', 'Code', 'came', 'operation', '1', 'January', '1862.', 'Macaulay', 'survive', 'see', 'masterpiece', 'come', 'force,', 'died', 'near', 'end', '1859.', 'IPC', 'generic', 'essentials', 'form', 'law', 'commission', 'The', 'objective', 'Act', 'provide', 'general', 'penal', 'code', 'India.[5]', 'Though', 'initial', 'objective,', 'Act', 'repeal', 'penal', 'laws', 'force', 'time', 'coming', 'force', 'India.', 'This', 'done', 'Code', 'contain', 'offences', 'possible', 'offences', 'might', 'still', 'left', 'Code,', 'intended', 'exempted', 'penal', 'consequences.', 'Though', 'Code', 'consolidates', 'whole', 'law', 'subject', 'exhaustive', 'matters', 'respect', 'declares', 'law,', 'many', 'penal', 'statutes', 'governing', 'various', 'offences', 'created', 'addition', 'code.', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '1860,', 'sub-divided', '23', 'chapters,', 'comprises', '511', 'sections.', 'The', 'Code', 'starts', 'introduction,', 'provides', 'explanations', 'exceptions', 'used', 'it,', 'covers', 'wide', 'range', 'offences.', 'The', 'Outline', 'presented', 'following', 'table:[6]', 'Right', 'Private', 'Defence', '(Sections', '96', '106)', 'Various', 'sections', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'controversial.', 'They', 'challenged', 'courts', 'claiming', 'Constitution', 'India.', 'Also', 'demand', 'abolition', 'controversial', 'IPC', 'sections', 'completely', 'partially.', 'Whoever,', 'voluntarily', 'carnal', 'intercourse', 'order', 'nature', 'man,', 'woman', 'animal,', 'shall', 'punished', 'imprisonment', 'life,', 'imprisonment', 'either', 'description', 'term', 'may', 'extend', 'ten', 'years,', 'shall', 'also', 'liable', 'fine.', 'Explanation', '-', 'Penetration', 'sufficient', 'constitute', 'carnal', 'intercourse', 'necessary', 'offence', 'described', 'section.[7]', 'The', 'Section', '309', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'deals', 'unsuccessful', 'attempt', 'suicide.', 'Attempting', 'commit', 'suicide', 'act', 'towards', 'commission', 'offence', 'punishable', 'imprisonment', 'one', 'year', 'fine', 'both.', 'Considering', 'long-standing', 'demand', 'recommendations', 'Law', 'Commission', 'India,', 'repeatedly', 'endorsed', 'repeal', 'section,', 'Government', 'India', 'December', '2014', 'decided', 'decriminalise', 'attempt', 'commit', 'suicide', 'dropping', 'Section', '309', 'IPC', 'statute', 'book.', 'Though', 'decision', 'found', 'favour', 'states,', 'others', 'argued', 'would', 'make', 'law', 'enforcement', 'agencies', 'helpless', 'people', 'resort', 'fast', 'unto', 'death,', 'self-immolation,', 'etc.,', 'pointing', 'case', 'anti-AFSPA', 'activist', 'Irom', 'Chanu', 'Sharmila.[12]', 'In', 'February', '2015,', 'Legislative', 'Department', 'Ministry', 'Law', 'Justice', 'asked', 'Government', 'prepare', 'draft', 'Amendment', 'Bill', 'regard.[13]', 'In', 'August', '2015', 'ruling,', 'Rajasthan', 'High', 'Court', 'made', 'Jain', 'practice', 'undertaking', 'voluntary', 'death', 'fasting', 'end', \"person's\", 'life,', 'known', 'Santhara,', 'punishable', 'sections', '306', '309', 'IPC.', 'This', 'led', 'controversy,', 'sections', 'Jain', 'community', 'urging', 'Prime', 'Minister', 'move', 'Supreme', 'Court', 'order.[14][15]On', '31', 'August', '2015,', 'Supreme', 'Court', 'admitted', 'petition', 'Akhil', 'Bharat', 'Varshiya', 'Digambar', 'Jain', 'Parishad', 'granted', 'leave.', 'It', 'stayed', 'decision', 'High', 'Court', 'lifted', 'ban', 'practice.', 'The', 'Section', '497', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'criticised', 'one', 'hand', 'allegedly', 'treating', 'woman', 'private', 'property', 'husband,', 'hand', 'giving', 'women', 'complete', 'protection', 'punishment', 'adultery.[16][17]', 'This', 'section', 'unanimously', 'struck', '27th', 'September', '2018', 'five', 'judge', 'bench', 'Supreme', 'Court', 'case', 'Joseph', 'Shine', 'v.', 'Union', 'India', 'unconstitutional', 'demeaning', 'dignity', 'women.', 'Adultery', 'continues', 'ground', 'seeking', 'divorce', 'Civil', 'Court,', 'longer', 'criminal', 'offence', 'India.', 'Sections', '120B', '(criminal', 'conspiracy),', '121', '(war', 'Government', 'India),', '132', '(mutiny),', '194', '(false', 'evidence', 'procure', 'conviction', 'capital', 'offence),', '302,', '303', '(murder),', '305', '(abetting', 'suicide),', '364A', '(kidnapping', 'ransom),', '364A', '(banditry', 'murder),', '376A', '(rape)', 'death', 'penalty', 'punishment.', 'There', 'ongoing', 'debate', 'abolishing', 'capital', 'punishment.[18]', 'In', '2003,', 'Malimath', 'Committee', 'submitted', 'report', 'recommending', 'several', 'far-reaching', 'penal', 'reforms', 'including', 'separation', 'investigation', 'prosecution', '(similar', 'CPS', 'UK)', 'streamline', 'criminal', 'justice', 'system.[19]', 'The', 'essence', 'report', 'perceived', 'need', 'shift', 'adversarial', 'inquisitorial', 'criminal', 'justice', 'system,', 'based', 'Continental', 'European', 'systems.', 'The', 'Code', 'amended', 'several', 'times.[20][21]', 'The', 'Code', 'universally', 'acknowledged', 'cogently', 'drafted', 'code,', 'ahead', 'time.', 'It', 'substantially', 'survived', '150', 'years', 'several', 'jurisdictions', 'without', 'major', 'amendments.', 'Nicholas', 'Phillips,', 'Justice', 'Supreme', 'Court', 'United', 'Kingdom', 'applauded', 'efficacy', 'relevance', 'IPC', 'commemorating', '150', 'years', 'IPC.[22]', 'Modern', 'crimes', 'involving', 'technology', 'unheard', \"Macaulay's\", 'time', 'fit', 'easily', 'within', 'Code[citation', 'needed]', 'mainly', 'broadness', \"Code's\", 'drafting.', 'Some', 'references', 'specific', 'sections', '(called', \"dafa'a\", 'Hindi-Urdu,', 'دفعہ', 'दफ़आ/दफ़ा)', 'IPC', 'entered', 'popular', 'speech', 'India,', 'Pakistan', 'Bangladesh.', 'For', 'instance,', 'con', 'men', 'referred', '420s', '(chaar-sau-bees', 'Hindi-Urdu)', 'Section', '420', 'covers', 'cheating.[23]', 'Similarly,', 'specific', 'reference', 'section', '302', '(\"tazīrāt-e-Hind', 'dafā', 'tīn-sau-do', 'ke', 'tehet', 'sazā-e-maut\",', '\"punishment', 'death', 'section', '302', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code\"),', 'covers', 'death', 'penalty,', 'become', 'part', 'common', 'knowledge', 'region', 'due', 'repeated', 'mentions', 'Bollywood', 'movies', 'regional', 'pulp', 'literature.[24][25]', 'Dafa', '302', 'also', 'name', 'Bollywood', 'movie', 'released', '1975.[26]', 'Similarly,', 'Shree', '420', 'name', '1955', 'Bollywood', 'movie', 'starring', 'Raj', 'Kapoor.[27]', 'Chachi', '420', 'Bollywood', 'movie', 'released', '1997', 'starring', 'Kamal', 'Haasan.[28]', 'Long', 'title', 'An', 'Act', 'provide', 'general', 'penal', 'code', 'Indias', 'Act', 'No.', '45', '1860', 'IndiaImperial', 'Legislative', 'Council6', 'October', '18606', 'October', '18601', 'January', '1862First', 'Law', 'Commissionsee', 'AmendmentsCode', 'Criminal', 'Procedure,', '1973Status:', 'AmendedChapter', 'ISections', '1', '5Introduction', 'Chapter', 'IISections', '6', '52General', 'Explanations', 'Chapter', 'IIISections', '53', '75of', 'Punishments', 'Chapter', 'IVSections', '76', '106General', 'Exceptions', 'Right', 'Private', 'Defence', '(Sections', '96', '106)', 'Chapter', 'VSections', '107', '120Of', 'Abetment', 'Chapter', 'VASections', '120A', '120BCriminal', 'Conspiracy', 'Chapter', 'VISections', '121', '130Of', 'Offences', 'State', 'Chapter', 'VIISections', '131', '140Of', 'Offences', 'relating', 'Army,', 'Navy', 'Air', 'Force', 'Chapter', 'VIIISections', '141', '160Of', 'Offences', 'Public', 'Tranquillity', 'Chapter', 'IXSections', '161', '171Of', 'Offences', 'relating', 'Public', 'Servants', 'Chapter', 'IXASections', '171A', '171IOf', 'Offences', 'Relating', 'Elections', 'Chapter', 'XSections', '172', '190Of', 'Contempts', 'Lawful', 'Authority', 'Public', 'Servants', 'Chapter', 'XISections', '191', '229Of', 'False', 'Evidence', 'Offences', 'Public', 'Justice', 'Chapter', 'XIISections', '230', '263Of', 'Offences', 'relating', 'coin', 'Government', 'Stamps', 'Chapter', 'XIIISections', '264', '267Of', 'Offences', 'relating', 'Weight', 'Measures', 'Chapter', 'XIVSections', '268', '294Of', 'Offences', 'affecting', 'Public', 'Health,', 'Safety,', 'Convenience,', 'Decency', 'Morals.', 'Chapter', 'XVSections', '295', '298Of', 'Offences', 'relating', 'Religion', 'Chapter', 'XVISections', '299', '377Of', 'Offences', 'affecting', 'Human', 'Body.', 'Of', 'Offences', 'Affecting', 'Life', 'including', 'murder,', 'culpable', 'homicide', '(Sections', '299', '311)', 'Of', 'Causing', 'Miscarriage,', 'Injuries', 'Unborn', 'Children,', 'Exposure', 'Infants,', 'Concealment', 'Births', '(Sections', '312', '318)', 'Of', 'Hurt', '(Sections', '319', '338)', 'Of', 'Wrongful', 'Restraint', 'Wrongful', 'Confinement', '(Sections', '339', '348)', 'Of', 'Criminal', 'Force', 'Assault', '(Sections', '349', '358)', 'Of', 'Kidnapping,', 'Abduction,', 'Slavery', 'Forced', 'Labour', '(Sections', '359', '374)', 'Sexual', 'Offences', 'including', 'rape', 'Sodomy', '(Sections', '375', '377)', 'Chapter', 'XVIISections', '378', '462Of', 'Offences', 'Against', 'Property', 'Of', 'Theft', '(Sections', '378', '382)', 'Of', 'Extortion', '(Sections', '383', '389)', 'Of', 'Robbery', 'Dacoity', '(Sections', '390', '402)', 'Of', 'Criminal', 'Misappropriation', 'Property', '(Sections', '403', '404)', 'Of', 'Criminal', 'Breach', 'Trust', '(Sections', '405', '409)', 'Of', 'Receiving', 'Stolen', 'Property', '(Sections', '410', '414)', 'Of', 'Cheating', '(Section', '415', '420)', 'Of', 'Fraudulent', 'Deeds', 'Disposition', 'Property', '(Sections', '421', '424)', 'Of', 'Mischief', '(Sections', '425', '440)', 'Of', 'Criminal', 'Trespass', '(Sections', '441', '462)', 'Chapter', 'XVIIISection', '463', '489', '-EOffences', 'relating', 'Documents', 'Property', 'Marks', 'Offences', 'relating', 'Documents', '(Section', '463', '477-A)', 'Offences', 'relating', 'Property', 'Other', 'Marks', '(Sections', '478', '489)', 'Offences', 'relating', 'Currency', 'Notes', 'Bank', 'Notes', '(Sections', '489A', '489E)', 'Chapter', 'XIXSections', '490', '492Of', 'Criminal', 'Breach', 'Contracts', 'Service', 'Chapter', 'XXSections', '493', '498Of', 'Offences', 'Relating', 'Marriage', 'Chapter', 'XXASections', '498AOf', 'Cruelty', 'Husband', 'Relatives', 'Husband', 'Chapter', 'XXISections', '499', '502Of', 'Defamation', 'Chapter', 'XXIISections', '503', '510Of', 'Criminal', 'intimidation,', 'Insult', 'Annoyance', 'Chapter', 'XXIIISection', '511Of', 'Attempts', 'Commit', 'Offences', '1', 'The', 'Repealing', 'Act,', '1870', '14', '1870', '2', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1870', '27', '1870', '3', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1872', '19', '1872', '4', 'The', 'Indian', 'Oaths', 'Act,', '1873', '10', '1873', '5', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1882', '8', '1882', '6', 'The', 'Code', 'Criminal', 'Procedure,', '1882', '10', '1882', '7', 'The', 'Indian', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1886', '10', '1886', '8', 'The', 'Indian', 'Marine', 'Act,', '1887', '14', '1887', '9', 'The', 'Metal', 'Tokens', 'Act,', '1889', '1', '1889', '10', 'The', 'Indian', 'Merchandise', 'Marks', 'Act,', '1889', '4', '1889', '11', 'The', 'Cantonments', 'Act,', '1889', '13', '1889', '12', 'The', 'Indian', 'Railways', 'Act,', '1890', '9', '1890', '13', 'The', 'Indian', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1891', '10', '1891', '14', 'The', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1891', '12', '1891', '15', 'The', 'Indian', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1894', '3', '1894', '16', 'The', 'Indian', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1895', '3', '1895', '17', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1896', '6', '1896', '18', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1898', '4', '1898', '19', 'The', 'Currency-Notes', 'Forgery', 'Act,', '1899', '12', '1899', '20', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1910', '3', '1910', '21', 'The', 'Indian', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1913', '8', '1913', '22', 'The', 'Indian', 'Elections', 'Offences', 'Inquiries', 'Act,', '1920', '39', '1920', '23', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1921', '16', '1921', '24', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1923', '20', '1923', '25', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1924', '5', '1924', '26', 'The', 'Indian', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1924', '18', '1924', '27', 'The', \"Workmen's\", 'Breach', 'Contract', '(Repealing)', 'Act,', '1925', '3', '1925', '29', 'The', 'Obscene', 'Publications', 'Act,', '1925', '8', '1925', '29', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1925', '29', '1925', '30', 'The', 'Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1927', '10', '1927', '31', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1927', '25', '1927', '32', 'The', 'Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1930', '8', '1930', '33', 'The', 'Indian', 'Air', 'Force', 'Act,', '1932', '14', '1932', '34', 'The', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1934', '35', '1934', '35', 'The', 'Government', 'India', '(Adaptation', 'Indian', 'Laws)', 'Order,', '1937', 'N/A', '1937', '36', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1939', '22', '1939', '37', 'The', 'Offences', 'Ships', 'Aircraft', 'Act,', '1940', '4', '1940', '38', 'The', 'Indian', 'Merchandise', 'Marks', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1941', '2', '1941', '39', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1942', '8', '1942', '40', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1943', '6', '1943', '41', 'The', 'Indian', 'Independence', '(Adaptation', 'Central', 'Acts', 'Ordinances)', 'Order,', '1948', 'N/A', '1948', '42', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', '(Removal', 'Racial', 'Discriminations)', 'Act,', '1949', '17', '1949', '43', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Code', 'Criminal', 'Procedure', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1949', '42', '1949', '44', 'The', 'Adaptation', 'Laws', 'Order,', '1950', 'N/A', '1950', '45', 'The', 'Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1950', '35', '1950', '46', 'The', 'Part', 'B', 'States', '(Laws)', 'Act,', '1951', '3', '1951', '47', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1952', '46', '1952', '48', 'The', 'Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1952', '48', '1952', '49', 'The', 'Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1953', '42', '1953', '50', 'The', 'Code', 'Criminal', 'Procedure', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1955', '26', '1955', '51', 'The', 'Adaptation', 'Laws', '(No.2)', 'Order,', '1956', 'N/A', '1956', '52', 'The', 'Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1957', '36', '1957', '53', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1958', '2', '1958', '54', 'The', 'Trade', 'Merchandise', 'Marks', 'Act,', '1958', '43', '1958', '55', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1959', '52', '1959', '56', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1961', '41', '1961', '57', 'The', 'Anti-Corruption', 'Laws', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1964', '40', '1964', '58', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Election', 'Laws', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1969', '35', '1969', '59', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1969', '36', '1969', '60', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1972', '31', '1972', '61', 'The', \"Employees'\", 'Provident', 'Funds', 'Family', 'Pension', 'Fund', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1973', '40', '1973', '62', 'The', \"Employees'\", 'State', 'Insurance', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1975', '38', '1975', '63', 'The', 'Election', 'Laws', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1975', '40', '1975', '64', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1983', '43', '1983', '65', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', '(Second', 'Amendment)', 'Act,', '1983', '46', '1983', '66', 'The', 'Dowry', 'Prohibition', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1986', '43', '1986', '67', 'The', \"Employees'\", 'Provident', 'Funds', 'Miscellaneous', 'Provisions', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1988', '33', '1988', '68', 'The', 'Prevention', 'Corruption', 'Act,', '1988', '49', '1988', '69', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1993', '42', '1993', '70', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '1995', '24', '1995', '71', 'The', 'Information', 'Technology', 'Act,', '2000', '21', '2000', '72', 'The', 'Election', 'Laws', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2003', '24', '2003', '73', 'The', 'Code', 'Criminal', 'Procedure', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2005', '25', '2005', '74', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2005', '2', '2006', '75', 'The', 'Information', 'Technology', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2008', '10', '2009', '76', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2013', '13', '2013', '77', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2018', '2018', 'Chapter', 'I', 'Chapter', 'II', 'Chapter', 'III', 'Chapter', 'IV', 'Chapter', 'V', 'Chapter', 'VA', 'Chapter', 'VI', 'Chapter', 'VII', 'Chapter', 'VIII', 'Chapter', 'IX', 'Chapter', 'IXA', 'Chapter', 'X', 'Chapter', 'XI', 'Chapter', 'XII', 'Chapter', 'XIII', 'Chapter', 'XIV', 'Chapter', 'XV', 'Chapter', 'XVI', 'Chapter', 'XVII', 'Chapter', 'XVIII', 'Chapter', 'XIX', 'Chapter', 'XX', 'Chapter', 'XXA', 'Chapter', 'XXI', 'Chapter', 'XXII', 'Chapter', 'XXIII', '120B', '(criminal', 'conspiracy)', '121', '(war', 'Government', 'India)', '122', '(mutiny)', '194', '(false', 'evidence', 'procure', 'conviction', 'capital', 'offence)', '302,', '303', '(murder)', '305', '(abetting', 'suicide)', '364A', '(kidnapping', 'ransom)', '364A', '(banditry', 'murder)', '376A', '(rape)', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '20', '124A', '(sedition)', '294', '(obscenity)', '299', '(culpable', 'homicide)', '304', '(culpable', 'homicide', 'amounting', 'murder)', '309', '(attempted', 'suicide)', '320', '(grievous', 'hurt)', '326A', '(acid', 'attack)', '326B', '(attempted', 'acid', 'attack)', '377', '(unnatural', 'offences)', '420', '497', '(adultery)', 'Constitution', 'India', '(amendments)', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Code', 'Criminal', 'Procedure', '(India)', 'Acts', 'Parliament', 'Ordinance', 'In', 'ForceIn', 'Force', 'Real', 'Estate', '(Regulation', 'Development)', 'Act,', '2016', 'Consumer', 'Protection', 'Act,', '1986', 'Consumer', 'Protection', 'Act,', '2019', 'Essential', 'Commodities', 'Act', 'Essential', 'Services', 'Maintenance', 'Act', 'Benami', 'Transactions', '(Prohibition)', 'Act,', '1988', 'Black', 'Money', '(Undisclosed', 'Foreign', 'Income', 'Assets)', 'Imposition', 'Tax', 'Act,', '2015', 'Prevention', 'Corruption', 'Act,', '1988', 'The', 'Lokpal', 'Lokayuktas', 'Act,', '2013', 'Mines', 'Minerals', '(Development', 'Regulation)', 'Act', 'Prevention', 'Money', 'Laundering', 'Act,', '2002', 'Whistle', 'Blowers', 'Protection', 'Act,', '2011', 'Armed', 'Forces', '(Special', 'Powers)', 'Act', 'Armed', 'Forces', 'Tribunal', 'Act,', '2007', 'Arms', 'Act,', '1959', 'Army', 'Act,', '1950', 'Criminal', 'Law', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2013', 'Cigarettes', 'Other', 'Tobacco', 'Products', 'Act', 'Indian', 'Evidence', 'Act', 'Juvenile', 'Justice', '(Care', 'Protection', 'Children)', 'Act,', '2015', 'National', 'Security', 'Act', '(India)', 'Protection', 'Women', 'Domestic', 'Violence', 'Act,', '2005', 'Scheduled', 'Caste', 'Scheduled', 'Tribe', '(Prevention', 'Atrocities)', 'Act,', '1989', 'Indian', 'Institutes', 'Management', 'Act,', '2017', 'Institutes', 'Technology', 'Act,', '1961', 'National', 'Institutes', 'Technology', 'Act,', '2007', 'Right', 'Children', 'Free', 'Compulsory', 'Education', 'Act,', '2009', 'University', 'Grants', 'Commission', 'Act,', '1956', 'Air', '(Prevention', 'Control', 'Pollution)', 'Act', 'Biological', 'Diversity', 'Act,', '2002', 'CAMPA', 'bill', 'Environment', 'Protection', 'Act,', '1986', 'Indian', 'Forest', 'Act,', '1927', 'National', 'Green', 'Tribunal', 'Act', 'Prevention', 'Cruelty', 'Animals', 'Act', 'Protection', 'Plant', 'Varieties', \"Farmers'\", 'Rights', 'Act,', '2001', 'Wildlife', 'Protection', 'Act,', '1972', 'Aadhaar', '(Targeted', 'Delivery', 'Financial', 'Subsidies,', 'benefits', 'services)', 'Act,', '2016', 'Banking', 'Regulation', 'Act,', '1949', 'Conservation', 'Foreign', 'Exchange', 'Prevention', 'Smuggling', 'Activities', 'Act', 'Depositories', 'Act', 'The', 'Electricity', 'Act,', '2003', 'Expenditure', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1987', 'Finance', 'Act', '(India)', 'Fiscal', 'Responsibility', 'Budget', 'Management', 'Act,', '2003', 'Foreign', 'Contribution', '(Regulation)', 'Act,', '2010', 'Foreign', 'Exchange', 'Management', 'Act', 'Fugitive', 'Economic', 'Offenders', 'Act', 'Geographical', 'Indications', 'Goods', '(Registration', 'Protection)', 'Act,', '1999', 'Government', 'Securities', 'Act,', '2006', 'Indian', 'Contract', 'Act,', '1872', 'Indian', 'Stamp', 'Act,', '1899', 'Insolvency', 'Bankruptcy', 'Code,', '2016', 'Insurance', 'Act,', '1938', 'Negotiable', 'Instruments', 'Act,', '1881', 'Securities', 'Laws', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2014', 'Securitisation', 'Reconstruction', 'Financial', 'Assets', 'Enforcement', 'Security', 'Interest', 'Act,', '2002', 'The', 'Competition', 'Act,', '2002', 'The', 'High', 'Denomination', 'Bank', 'Notes', '(Demonetisation)', 'Act,', '1978', 'The', 'Income-tax', 'Act,', '1961', 'Transfer', 'Property', 'Act', '1882', 'Urban', 'Land', '(Ceiling', 'Regulation)', 'Act,', '1976', 'Central', 'Council', 'Homoeopathy', 'Act,', '1973', 'Clinical', 'Establishments', '(Registration', 'Regulation)', 'Act,', '2010', 'Dentist', 'Act', 'Drugs', 'Cosmetics', 'Act,', '1940', 'Drugs', 'Magic', 'Remedies', '(Objectionable', 'Advertisements)', 'Act,', '1954', 'HIV/AIDS', 'Prevention', 'Act', 'Indian', 'Medical', 'Council', 'Act', 'Mental', 'Health', 'Act,', '1987', 'Narcotic', 'Drugs', 'Psychotropic', 'Substances', 'Act,', '1985', 'Mental', 'Health', 'Care', 'Act,', '2017', 'Bonded', 'Labor', 'System', '(Abolition)', 'Act,', '1976', 'Factories', 'Act,1948,', 'India', 'Industrial', 'Disputes', 'Act,', '1947', 'Interstate', 'Migrant', 'Workmen', 'Act', '1979', 'Maternity', 'Benefit', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2017', 'Minimum', 'Wages', 'Act', '1948', 'National', 'Rural', 'Employment', 'Guarantee', 'Act,', '2005', 'Sexual', 'Harassment', 'Women', 'Workplace', '(Prevention,', 'Prohibition', 'Redressal)', 'Act,', '2013', 'Unorganised', \"Workers'\", 'Social', 'Security', 'Act', '2008', 'Hindu', 'Adoptions', 'Maintenance', 'Act', '(1956)', 'Majority', 'Act', '(India)', 'Hindu', 'Minority', 'Guardianship', 'Act', 'Hindu', 'Succession', 'Act,', '1956', 'Special', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '1954', 'The', 'Hindu', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '1955', 'The', 'Indian', 'Christian', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '1872', 'Rights', 'Persons', 'Disabilities', 'Act,', '2016', 'Child', 'Labour', '(Prohibition', 'Regulation)', 'Act', 'Indecent', 'Representation', 'Women', '(Prohibition)', 'Act', 'National', 'Food', 'Security', 'Act,', '2013', 'Pre-Conception', 'Pre-Natal', 'Diagnostic', 'Techniques', 'Act,', '1994', 'The', 'Prohibition', 'Child', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '2006', 'The', 'Scheduled', 'Tribes', 'Other', 'Traditional', 'Forest', 'Dwellers', '(Recognition', 'Forest', 'Rights)', 'Act,', '2006', 'Street', 'Vendors', 'Act,', '2014', 'Anti-Superstition', 'Black', 'Magic', 'Act', 'The', 'Bombay', 'Prohibition', 'Act,', '1949', 'Bombay', 'Prohibition', '(Gujarat', 'Amendment)', '2009', 'Chhattisgarh', 'Food', 'Security', 'Act,', '2012', 'Karnataka', 'Control', 'Organised', 'Crimes', 'Act', 'Maharashtra', 'Control', 'Organised', 'Crime', 'Act', 'Punjab', 'Control', 'Organised', 'Crime', 'Act', 'The', 'Gujarat', 'Local', 'Authorities', 'Laws', '(Amendment)', 'Bill,', '2009', 'Puducherry', 'Prevention', 'Anti-Social', 'Activities', 'Act', 'Andhra', 'Pradesh', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2014', 'Bihar', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2000', 'Jammu', 'Kashmir', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2019', 'Madhya', 'Pradesh', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2000', 'Punjab', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '1966', 'States', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '1956', 'Uttar', 'Pradesh', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2000', 'Anti-Hijacking', 'Act,', '2016', 'Unlawful', 'Activities', '(Prevention)', 'Act', 'Aircraft', 'Act', 'Motor', 'Vehicles', 'Act', '1988', 'National', 'Waterways', 'Act,', '2016', 'Inland', 'Vessels', 'Act', 'Metro', 'Railways', 'Act,', '1978', 'Metro', 'Railway', 'Act,', '2002', 'Chartered', 'Accountants', 'Act,', '1949', 'Companies', 'Act', '2013', 'Gram', 'Nyayalayas', 'Act,', '2008', 'Indian', 'Trusts', 'Act,', '1882', 'Micro,', 'Small', 'Medim', 'Enterprises', 'Development', 'Act,', '2006', 'Panchayats', '(Extension', 'Scheduled', 'Areas)', 'Act', '1996', 'Reserve', 'Bank', 'India', 'Act,', '1934', 'The', 'Indian', 'Partnership', 'Act,', '1932', 'Societies', 'Registration', 'Act,', '1860', 'The', 'Limited', 'Liability', 'Partnership', 'Act,', '2008', 'Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '2015', 'Repealing', 'Amending', '(Second)', 'Act,', '2015', 'Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '2016', 'Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '2017', 'Repealing', 'Amending', '(Second)', 'Act,', '2017', 'All', 'India', 'Services', 'Act,', '1951', 'Delimitation', 'Act', 'Enemy', 'Property', 'Act,', '1968', 'Information', 'Technology', 'Act,', '2000', 'Nuclear', 'Liability', 'Act', 'Official', 'Secrets', 'Act', '(India)', 'Representation', 'People', 'Act,', '1951', 'Right', 'Fair', 'Compensation', 'Transparency', 'Land', 'Acquisition,', 'Rehabilitation', 'Resettlement', 'Act,', '2013', 'Right', 'Information', 'Act,', '2005', 'State', 'Emblem', 'India', '(Prohibition', 'Improper', 'Use)', 'Act,', '2005', 'The', 'Foreigners', 'Act,', '1946', 'RepealedRepealed', 'Age', 'Consent', 'Act,', '1891', 'Caste', 'Disabilities', 'Removal', 'Act,', '1850', 'Criminal', 'Tribes', 'Act', 'Hindu', \"Widows'\", 'Remarriage', 'Act,', '1856', 'English', 'Education', 'Act', '1835', 'Prevention', 'Seditious', 'Meetings', 'Act,', '1907', 'Anti-Copying', 'Act,', '1992', 'Foreign', 'Exchange', 'Regulation', 'Act', 'Gift', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1958', 'Illegal', 'Migrants', '(Determination', 'Tribunal)', 'Act,', '1983', 'Interest', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1974', 'Maintenance', 'Internal', 'Security', 'Act', 'Prevention', 'Terrorism', 'Act,', '2002', 'Terrorist', 'Disruptive', 'Activities', '(Prevention)', 'Act', 'The', 'Gold', '(Control)', 'Act,', '1968', 'The', 'Muslim', 'Women', '(Protection', 'Rights', 'Divorce)', 'Act', '1986', 'Wealth', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1957', 'BillsBills', 'Citizenship', 'Amendment', 'Bill', '2016', 'Foreign', 'Education', 'Providers', 'Bill,', '2013', 'Geospatial', 'Information', 'Regulation', 'Bill', 'Gujarat', 'Control', 'Organised', 'Crime', 'Act', 'Marriage', 'Laws', 'Amendment', 'Bill', 'Uniform', 'civil', 'code', 'Surrogacy', '(Regulation)', 'Bill,', '2019', 'Transgender', 'Persons', '(Protection', 'Rights)', 'Bill,', '2019', 'Judges', 'Assets', 'Bill', \"Women's\", 'Reservation', 'Bill', 'Citizenship', 'Amendment', 'Bill', '2016', 'An', 'Act', 'provide', 'general', 'penal', 'code', 'Indias', '1', 'History2', 'Objective3', 'Structure4', 'Controversies', '4.1', 'Unnatural', 'Offences', '(Sodomy)', '-', 'Section', '377', '4.2', 'Attempt', 'Commit', 'Suicide', '-', 'Section', '309', '4.3', 'Adultery', '-', 'Section', '497', '4.4', 'Death', 'penalty', '(Capital', 'Punishment)', '4.1', 'Unnatural', 'Offences', '(Sodomy)', '-', 'Section', '3774.2', 'Attempt', 'Commit', 'Suicide', '-', 'Section', '3094.3', 'Adultery', '-', 'Section', '4974.4', 'Death', 'penalty', '(Capital', 'Punishment)5', 'Criminal', 'justice', 'reforms6', 'Amendments7', 'Acclaim8', 'Cultural', 'references9', 'See', 'also10', 'References11', 'Further', 'reading12', 'External', 'linksOf', 'Offences', 'Affecting', 'Life', 'including', 'murder,', 'culpable', 'homicide', '(Sections', '299', '311)Of', 'Causing', 'Miscarriage,', 'Injuries', 'Unborn', 'Children,', 'Exposure', 'Infants,', 'Concealment', 'Births', '(Sections', '312', '318)Of', 'Hurt', '(Sections', '319', '338)Of', 'Wrongful', 'Restraint', 'Wrongful', 'Confinement', '(Sections', '339', '348)Of', 'Criminal', 'Force', 'Assault', '(Sections', '349', '358)Of', 'Kidnapping,', 'Abduction,', 'Slavery', 'Forced', 'Labour', '(Sections', '359', '374)Sexual', 'Offences', 'including', 'rape', 'Sodomy', '(Sections', '375', '377)Of', 'Theft', '(Sections', '378', '382)Of', 'Extortion', '(Sections', '383', '389)Of', 'Robbery', 'Dacoity', '(Sections', '390', '402)Of', 'Criminal', 'Misappropriation', 'Property', '(Sections', '403', '404)Of', 'Criminal', 'Breach', 'Trust', '(Sections', '405', '409)Of', 'Receiving', 'Stolen', 'Property', '(Sections', '410', '414)Of', 'Cheating', '(Section', '415', '420)Of', 'Fraudulent', 'Deeds', 'Disposition', 'Property', '(Sections', '421', '424)Of', 'Mischief', '(Sections', '425', '440)Of', 'Criminal', 'Trespass', '(Sections', '441', '462)Offences', 'relating', 'Documents', '(Section', '463', '477-A)Offences', 'relating', 'Property', 'Other', 'Marks', '(Sections', '478', '489)Offences', 'relating', 'Currency', 'Notes', 'Bank', 'Notes', '(Sections', '489A', '489E)Section', '377', 'The', 'Delhi', 'High', 'Court', '2', 'July', '2009', 'gave', 'liberal', 'interpretation', 'section', 'laid', 'section', 'used', 'punish', 'act', 'consensual', 'sexual', 'intercourse', 'two', 'sex', 'individuals.[8]On', '11', 'December', '2013,', 'Supreme', 'Court', 'India', 'over-ruled', 'judgment', 'given', 'Delhi', 'High', 'court', '2009', 'clarified', '\"Section', '377,', 'holds', 'same-sex', 'relations', 'unnatural,', 'suffer', 'unconstitutionality\".', 'The', 'Bench', 'said:', '\"We', 'hold', 'Section', '377', 'suffer', '...', 'unconstitutionality', 'declaration', 'made', 'Division', 'Bench', 'High', 'Court', 'legally', 'unsustainable.\"', 'It,', 'however,', 'said:', '\"Notwithstanding', 'verdict,', 'competent', 'legislature', 'shall', 'free', 'consider', 'desirability', 'propriety', 'deleting', 'Section', '377', 'statute', 'book', 'amend', 'per', 'suggestion', 'made', 'Attorney-General', 'G.E.', 'Vahanvati.\"[9]On', '8', 'January', '2018,', 'Supreme', 'Court', 'agreed', 'reconsider', '2013', 'decision', 'much', 'deliberation', 'agreed', 'decriminalise', 'parts', 'Section', '377', 'criminalised', 'sex', 'relations', '6', 'September', '2018.', '[10]', 'The', 'judgement', 'Suresh', 'Kumar', 'Koushal', 'v.', 'Naz', 'Foundation', 'overruled.[11]Civil', 'Procedure', 'Code,', '1908Code', 'Criminal', 'Procedure,', '1973Indian', 'Evidence', 'ActCategory:Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Sections^', \"Universal's\", 'Guide', 'Judicial', 'Service', 'Examination.', 'Universal', 'Law', 'Publishing.', 'p.', '2.', 'ISBN', '978-93-5035-029-4..mw-parser-output', 'cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output', '.citation', 'q{quotes:\"\\\\\"\"\"\\\\\"\"\"\\'\"\"\\'\"}.mw-parser-output', '.citation', '.cs1-lock-free', 'a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', '.1em', 'center}.mw-parser-output', '.citation', '.cs1-lock-limited', 'a,.mw-parser-output', '.citation', '.cs1-lock-registration', 'a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', '.1em', 'center}.mw-parser-output', '.citation', '.cs1-lock-subscription', 'a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', '.1em', 'center}.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-subscription', 'span,.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-registration', 'span{border-bottom:1px', 'dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-ws-icon', 'a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', '.1em', 'center}.mw-parser-output', 'code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output', '.cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}', '^', 'Lal', 'Kalla,', 'Krishan', '(1985).', 'The', 'Literary', 'Heritage', 'Kashmir.', 'Jammu', 'Kashmir:', 'Mittal', 'Publications.', 'p.', '75.', 'Retrieved', '19', 'September', '2014.', '^', '\"Law', 'Commission', 'India', '-', 'Early', 'Beginnings\".', 'Law', 'Commission', 'India.', 'Retrieved', '19', 'September', '2014.', '^', '\"Historical', 'Introduction', 'IPC', '(PDF)\"', '(PDF).', '^', '\"Preamble', 'IPC', '(download', 'IPC', 'PDF)\".', '^', 'B.M.Gandhi.', 'Indian', 'Panel', 'Code', '(2013', 'ed.).', 'EBC.', 'pp.', '1–832.', 'ISBN', '978-81-7012-892-2.', '^', 'B.M.Gandhi.', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code.', 'EBC.', 'pp.', '1–796.', 'ISBN', '978-81-7012-892-2.', '^', '\"Delhi', 'High', 'Court', 'strikes', 'Section', '377', 'IPC\".', 'The', 'Hindu.', '3', 'July', '2009.', 'ISSN', '0971-751X.', 'Retrieved', '24', 'September', '2018.', '^', 'Venkatesan,', 'J.', '(11', 'December', '2013).', '\"Supreme', 'Court', 'sets', 'aside', 'Delhi', 'HC', 'verdict', 'decriminalising', 'gay', 'sex\".', 'The', 'Hindu.', 'ISSN', '0971-751X.', 'Retrieved', '24', 'September', '2018.', '^', '\"SC', 'decriminalises', 'Section', '377:', 'A', 'timeline', 'case\".', 'Times', 'India.', '6', 'September', '2018.', 'Retrieved', '7', 'September', '2018.', '^', '\"Supreme', \"Court's\", 'decision', 'Section', '377:', 'Separate', 'decision', '5', 'Judges', '[Read', 'Judgement]\".', 'www.lawji.in.', 'Retrieved', '9', 'September', '2018.', '^', '\"Government', 'decriminalizes', 'attempt', 'commit', 'suicide,', 'removes', 'section', '309\".', 'The', 'Times', 'India.', '10', 'December', '2014.', 'Retrieved', '15', 'August', '2015.', '^', '\"Attempt', 'Suicide\".', 'Press', 'Information', 'Bureau.', 'Ministry', 'Home', 'Affairs,', 'Government', 'India.', 'Retrieved', '15', 'August', '2015.', '^', '\"Rajasthan', 'HC', 'says', 'Santhara', 'illegal,', 'Jain', 'saints', 'want', 'PM', 'Modi', 'move', 'SC\".', 'The', 'Indian', 'Express.', 'Retrieved', '15', 'August', '2015.', '^', '\"Rajasthan', 'HC', 'bans', 'starvation', 'ritual', \"'Santhara',\", 'says', 'fasting', 'unto', 'death', 'essential', 'tenet', 'Jainism\".', 'IBN', 'Live.', 'CNN-IBN.', '10', 'August', '2015.', 'Retrieved', '15', 'August', '2015.', '^', '\"Wife', 'private', 'property,', 'trespassing\".', 'The', 'Times', 'india.', '17', 'July', '2015.', 'Retrieved', '15', 'August', '2015.', '^', '\"Adultery', 'law', 'biased', 'men,', 'says', 'Supreme', 'Court\".', 'The', 'Times', 'India.', '3', 'December', '2011.', 'Retrieved', '15', 'August', '2015.', '^', 'Abrams,', 'Corinne', '(3', 'September', '2015).', '\"The', 'Reasons', \"India's\", 'Law', 'Commission', 'Says', 'Death', 'Penalty', 'Should', 'Be', 'Scrapped\".', '^', '\"IPC', 'Reform', 'Committee', 'recommends', 'separation', 'investigation', 'prosecution', 'powers', '(pdf)\"', '(PDF).', 'Retrieved', '23', 'May', '2012.', '^', 'Parliament', 'India.', '\"The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code\"', '(PDF).', 'childlineindia.org.in.', 'Retrieved', '7', 'June', '2015.', 'This', 'article', 'incorporates', 'text', 'source,', 'public', 'domain.', '^', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code,', '1860.', 'Current', 'Publications.', '7', 'May', '2015.', 'Retrieved', '8', 'June', '2015.', '^', '\"IPC\\'s', 'endurance', 'lauded\".', 'The', 'New', 'Indian', 'Express.', 'Retrieved', '24', 'September', '2018.', '^', 'Henry', 'Scholberg', '(1992),', 'The', 'return', 'Raj:', 'novel,', 'NorthStar', 'Publications,', '1992,', '...', 'People', 'saying,', \"'Twenty\", 'plus', 'Four', 'equals', 'Char', 'Sau', \"Bees.'\", 'Char', 'Sou', 'Bees', '420', 'number', 'law', 'counterfeiting', '...', '^', 'Star', 'Plus,', 'The', 'Great', 'Indian', 'Laughter', 'Challenge', '–', 'Jokes', 'Book,', 'Popular', 'Prakashan,', 'ISBN', '978-81-7991-343-7,', '...', 'Tazeerat-e-hind,', 'dafa', '302', 'ke', 'tahat,', 'mujrim', 'ko', 'maut', 'ki', 'saza', 'sunai', 'jaati', 'hai', '...', '^', 'Alok', 'Tomar;', 'Monisha', 'Shah;', 'Jonathan', 'Lynn', '(2001),', 'Ji', 'Mantriji:', 'The', 'diaries', 'Shri', 'Suryaprakash', 'Singh,', 'Penguin', 'Books', 'association', 'BBC', 'Worldwide,', '2001,', 'ISBN', '978-0-14-302767-6,', '...', \"we'd\", 'death', 'penalty', 'back', 'tomorrow.', 'Dafa', '302,', 'taaziraat-e-Hind', '...', 'hung', 'neck', 'death', '...', '^', 'D.', 'P.', 'Mishra', '(1', 'September', '2006),', 'Great', 'masters', 'Indian', 'cinema:', 'Dadasaheb', 'Phalke', 'Award', 'winnersGreat', 'Masters', 'Indian', 'Cinema', 'Series,', 'Publications', 'Division,', 'Ministry', 'Information', 'Broadcasting,', 'Government', 'India,', '2006,', 'ISBN', '978-81-230-1361-9,', '...', 'Badti', 'Ka', 'Naam', 'Dadhi', '(', '1975),', 'Chhoti', 'Si', 'Baat', '(', '1975),', 'Dafa', '302', '(', '1', '975),', 'Chori', 'Mera', 'Kaam', '(', '1975),', 'Ek', 'Mahal', 'Ho', 'Sapnon', 'Ka', '(1975)', '...', '^', '\"Shree', '420\"', '–', 'via', 'www.imdb.com.', '^', 'Haasan,', 'Kamal;', 'Puri,', 'Amrish;', 'Puri,', 'Om;', 'Tabu', '(19', 'December', '1997),', 'Chachi', '420,', 'retrieved', '3', 'April', '2017', 'C.K.Takwani', '(2014).', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code.', 'Eastern', 'Book', 'Company.Murlidhar', 'Chaturvedi', '(2011).', 'Bhartiya', 'Dand', 'Sanhita,1860.', 'EBC.', 'ISBN', '978-93-5028-140-6.Surender', 'Malik;', 'Sudeep', 'Malik', '(2015).', 'Supreme', 'Court', 'Penal', 'Code.', 'EBC.', 'ISBN', '978-93-5145-218-8.Constitution', 'IndiaDownload', 'Constitution', 'Of', 'India', 'FREE', 'In', 'Hindi', '&', 'EnglishIndian', 'Penal', 'Code', '1860I.P.C', '(Mobile', 'Friendly)vteChapter', 'IChapter', 'IIChapter', 'IIIChapter', 'IVChapter', 'VChapter', 'VAChapter', 'VIChapter', 'VIIChapter', 'VIIIChapter', 'IXChapter', 'IXAChapter', 'XChapter', 'XIChapter', 'XIIChapter', 'XIIIChapter', 'XIVChapter', 'XVChapter', 'XVIChapter', 'XVIIChapter', 'XVIIIChapter', 'XIXChapter', 'XXChapter', 'XXAChapter', 'XXIChapter', 'XXIIChapter', 'XXIII120B', '(criminal', 'conspiracy)121', '(war', 'Government', 'India)122', '(mutiny)194', '(false', 'evidence', 'procure', 'conviction', 'capital', 'offence)302,', '303', '(murder)305', '(abetting', 'suicide)364A', '(kidnapping', 'ransom)364A', '(banditry', 'murder)376A', '(rape)1234520124A', '(sedition)294', '(obscenity)299', '(culpable', 'homicide)304', '(culpable', 'homicide', 'amounting', 'murder)309', '(attempted', 'suicide)320', '(grievous', 'hurt)326A', '(acid', 'attack)326B', '(attempted', 'acid', 'attack)377', '(unnatural', 'offences)420497', '(adultery)vteConstitution', 'India', '(amendments)Indian', 'Penal', 'CodeCode', 'Criminal', 'Procedure', '(India)Acts', 'ParliamentOrdinanceReal', 'Estate', '(Regulation', 'Development)', 'Act,', '2016Consumer', 'Protection', 'Act,', '1986Consumer', 'Protection', 'Act,', '2019Essential', 'Commodities', 'ActEssential', 'Services', 'Maintenance', 'ActBenami', 'Transactions', '(Prohibition)', 'Act,', '1988Black', 'Money', '(Undisclosed', 'Foreign', 'Income', 'Assets)', 'Imposition', 'Tax', 'Act,', '2015Prevention', 'Corruption', 'Act,', '1988The', 'Lokpal', 'Lokayuktas', 'Act,', '2013Mines', 'Minerals', '(Development', 'Regulation)', 'ActPrevention', 'Money', 'Laundering', 'Act,', '2002Whistle', 'Blowers', 'Protection', 'Act,', '2011Armed', 'Forces', '(Special', 'Powers)', 'ActArmed', 'Forces', 'Tribunal', 'Act,', '2007Arms', 'Act,', '1959Army', 'Act,', '1950Criminal', 'Law', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2013Cigarettes', 'Other', 'Tobacco', 'Products', 'ActIndian', 'Evidence', 'ActJuvenile', 'Justice', '(Care', 'Protection', 'Children)', 'Act,', '2015National', 'Security', 'Act', '(India)Protection', 'Women', 'Domestic', 'Violence', 'Act,', '2005Scheduled', 'Caste', 'Scheduled', 'Tribe', '(Prevention', 'Atrocities)', 'Act,', '1989Indian', 'Institutes', 'Management', 'Act,', '2017Institutes', 'Technology', 'Act,', '1961National', 'Institutes', 'Technology', 'Act,', '2007Right', 'Children', 'Free', 'Compulsory', 'Education', 'Act,', '2009University', 'Grants', 'Commission', 'Act,', '1956Air', '(Prevention', 'Control', 'Pollution)', 'ActBiological', 'Diversity', 'Act,', '2002CAMPA', 'billEnvironment', 'Protection', 'Act,', '1986Indian', 'Forest', 'Act,', '1927National', 'Green', 'Tribunal', 'ActPrevention', 'Cruelty', 'Animals', 'ActProtection', 'Plant', 'Varieties', \"Farmers'\", 'Rights', 'Act,', '2001Wildlife', 'Protection', 'Act,', '1972Aadhaar', '(Targeted', 'Delivery', 'Financial', 'Subsidies,', 'benefits', 'services)', 'Act,', '2016Banking', 'Regulation', 'Act,', '1949Conservation', 'Foreign', 'Exchange', 'Prevention', 'Smuggling', 'Activities', 'ActDepositories', 'ActThe', 'Electricity', 'Act,', '2003Expenditure', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1987Finance', 'Act', '(India)Fiscal', 'Responsibility', 'Budget', 'Management', 'Act,', '2003Foreign', 'Contribution', '(Regulation)', 'Act,', '2010Foreign', 'Exchange', 'Management', 'ActFugitive', 'Economic', 'Offenders', 'ActGeographical', 'Indications', 'Goods', '(Registration', 'Protection)', 'Act,', '1999Government', 'Securities', 'Act,', '2006Indian', 'Contract', 'Act,', '1872Indian', 'Stamp', 'Act,', '1899Insolvency', 'Bankruptcy', 'Code,', '2016Insurance', 'Act,', '1938Negotiable', 'Instruments', 'Act,', '1881Securities', 'Laws', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2014Securitisation', 'Reconstruction', 'Financial', 'Assets', 'Enforcement', 'Security', 'Interest', 'Act,', '2002The', 'Competition', 'Act,', '2002The', 'High', 'Denomination', 'Bank', 'Notes', '(Demonetisation)', 'Act,', '1978The', 'Income-tax', 'Act,', '1961Transfer', 'Property', 'Act', '1882Urban', 'Land', '(Ceiling', 'Regulation)', 'Act,', '1976Central', 'Council', 'Homoeopathy', 'Act,', '1973Clinical', 'Establishments', '(Registration', 'Regulation)', 'Act,', '2010Dentist', 'ActDrugs', 'Cosmetics', 'Act,', '1940Drugs', 'Magic', 'Remedies', '(Objectionable', 'Advertisements)', 'Act,', '1954HIV/AIDS', 'Prevention', 'ActIndian', 'Medical', 'Council', 'ActMental', 'Health', 'Act,', '1987Narcotic', 'Drugs', 'Psychotropic', 'Substances', 'Act,', '1985Mental', 'Health', 'Care', 'Act,', '2017Bonded', 'Labor', 'System', '(Abolition)', 'Act,', '1976Factories', 'Act,1948,', 'IndiaIndustrial', 'Disputes', 'Act,', '1947Interstate', 'Migrant', 'Workmen', 'Act', '1979Maternity', 'Benefit', '(Amendment)', 'Act,', '2017Minimum', 'Wages', 'Act', '1948National', 'Rural', 'Employment', 'Guarantee', 'Act,', '2005Sexual', 'Harassment', 'Women', 'Workplace', '(Prevention,', 'Prohibition', 'Redressal)', 'Act,', '2013Unorganised', \"Workers'\", 'Social', 'Security', 'Act', '2008Hindu', 'Adoptions', 'Maintenance', 'Act', '(1956)Majority', 'Act', '(India)Hindu', 'Minority', 'Guardianship', 'ActHindu', 'Succession', 'Act,', '1956Special', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '1954The', 'Hindu', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '1955The', 'Indian', 'Christian', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '1872Rights', 'Persons', 'Disabilities', 'Act,', '2016Child', 'Labour', '(Prohibition', 'Regulation)', 'ActIndecent', 'Representation', 'Women', '(Prohibition)', 'ActNational', 'Food', 'Security', 'Act,', '2013Pre-Conception', 'Pre-Natal', 'Diagnostic', 'Techniques', 'Act,', '1994The', 'Prohibition', 'Child', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '2006The', 'Scheduled', 'Tribes', 'Other', 'Traditional', 'Forest', 'Dwellers', '(Recognition', 'Forest', 'Rights)', 'Act,', '2006Street', 'Vendors', 'Act,', '2014Anti-Superstition', 'Black', 'Magic', 'ActThe', 'Bombay', 'Prohibition', 'Act,', '1949Bombay', 'Prohibition', '(Gujarat', 'Amendment)', '2009Chhattisgarh', 'Food', 'Security', 'Act,', '2012Karnataka', 'Control', 'Organised', 'Crimes', 'ActMaharashtra', 'Control', 'Organised', 'Crime', 'ActPunjab', 'Control', 'Organised', 'Crime', 'ActThe', 'Gujarat', 'Local', 'Authorities', 'Laws', '(Amendment)', 'Bill,', '2009Puducherry', 'Prevention', 'Anti-Social', 'Activities', 'ActAndhra', 'Pradesh', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2014Bihar', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2000Jammu', 'Kashmir', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2019Madhya', 'Pradesh', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2000Punjab', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '1966States', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '1956Uttar', 'Pradesh', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2000Anti-Hijacking', 'Act,', '2016Unlawful', 'Activities', '(Prevention)', 'ActAircraft', 'ActMotor', 'Vehicles', 'Act', '19881988National', 'Waterways', 'Act,', '2016Inland', 'Vessels', 'ActMetro', 'Railways', 'Act,', '1978Metro', 'Railway', 'Act,', '2002Chartered', 'Accountants', 'Act,', '1949Companies', 'Act', '2013Gram', 'Nyayalayas', 'Act,', '2008Indian', 'Trusts', 'Act,', '1882Micro,', 'Small', 'Medim', 'Enterprises', 'Development', 'Act,', '2006Panchayats', '(Extension', 'Scheduled', 'Areas)', 'Act', '1996Reserve', 'Bank', 'India', 'Act,', '1934The', 'Indian', 'Partnership', 'Act,', '1932Societies', 'Registration', 'Act,', '1860The', 'Limited', 'Liability', 'Partnership', 'Act,', '2008Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '2015Repealing', 'Amending', '(Second)', 'Act,', '2015Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '2016Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '2017Repealing', 'Amending', '(Second)', 'Act,', '2017All', 'India', 'Services', 'Act,', '1951Delimitation', 'ActEnemy', 'Property', 'Act,', '1968Information', 'Technology', 'Act,', '2000Nuclear', 'Liability', 'ActOfficial', 'Secrets', 'Act', '(India)Representation', 'People', 'Act,', '1951Right', 'Fair', 'Compensation', 'Transparency', 'Land', 'Acquisition,', 'Rehabilitation', 'Resettlement', 'Act,', '2013Right', 'Information', 'Act,', '2005State', 'Emblem', 'India', '(Prohibition', 'Improper', 'Use)', 'Act,', '2005The', 'Foreigners', 'Act,', '1946Age', 'Consent', 'Act,', '1891Caste', 'Disabilities', 'Removal', 'Act,', '1850Criminal', 'Tribes', 'ActHindu', \"Widows'\", 'Remarriage', 'Act,', '1856English', 'Education', 'Act', '1835Prevention', 'Seditious', 'Meetings', 'Act,', '1907Anti-Copying', 'Act,', '1992Foreign', 'Exchange', 'Regulation', 'ActGift', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1958Illegal', 'Migrants', '(Determination', 'Tribunal)', 'Act,', '1983Interest', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1974Maintenance', 'Internal', 'Security', 'ActPrevention', 'Terrorism', 'Act,', '2002Terrorist', 'Disruptive', 'Activities', '(Prevention)', 'ActThe', 'Gold', '(Control)', 'Act,', '1968The', 'Muslim', 'Women', '(Protection', 'Rights', 'Divorce)', 'Act', '1986Wealth', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1957Citizenship', 'Amendment', 'Bill', '2016Foreign', 'Education', 'Providers', 'Bill,', '2013Geospatial', 'Information', 'Regulation', 'BillGujarat', 'Control', 'Organised', 'Crime', 'ActMarriage', 'Laws', 'Amendment', 'BillUniform', 'civil', 'codeSurrogacy', '(Regulation)', 'Bill,', '2019Transgender', 'Persons', '(Protection', 'Rights)', 'Bill,', '2019Judges', 'Assets', \"BillWomen's\", 'Reservation', 'BillCitizenship', 'Amendment', 'Bill', '2016Indian', 'Penal', 'CodeActs', 'Parliament', 'IndiaLegislation', 'British', 'IndiaCriminal', 'codes1860', 'British', 'law1860', 'law1860', 'IndiaUse', 'dmy', 'dates', 'June', '2016Use', 'Indian', 'English', 'June', '2016All', 'Wikipedia', 'articles', 'written', 'Indian', 'EnglishPages', 'using', 'collapsible', 'list', 'background', 'text-align', 'titlestylePages', 'using', 'deprecated', 'parameter', 'legislation', 'infoboxAll', 'articles', 'unsourced', 'statementsArticles', 'unsourced', 'statements', 'December', '2010Not', 'logged', 'inTalkContributionsCreate', 'accountLog', 'inArticleTalkReadEditView', 'historyMain', 'pageContentsFeatured', 'contentCurrent', 'eventsRandom', 'articleDonate', 'WikipediaWikipedia', 'storeHelpAbout', 'WikipediaCommunity', 'portalRecent', 'changesContact', 'pageWhat', 'links', 'hereRelated', 'changesUpload', 'fileSpecial', 'pagesPermanent', 'linkPage', 'informationWikidata', 'itemCite', 'pageCreate', 'bookDownload', 'PDFPrintable', 'versionঅসমীয়াবাংলাગુજરાતીहिन्दीBahasa', 'Indonesiaമലയാളംमराठीଓଡ଼ିଆਪੰਜਾਬੀSimple', 'Englishதமிழ்తెలుగుاردو', 'This', 'page', 'last', 'edited', '5', 'October', '2019,', '21:36', '(UTC).Text', 'available', 'Creative', 'Commons', 'Attribution-ShareAlike', 'License;', 'additional', 'terms', 'may', 'apply.', 'By', 'using', 'site,', 'agree', 'Terms', 'Use', 'Privacy', 'Policy.', 'Wikipedia®', 'registered', 'trademark', 'Wikimedia', 'Foundation,', 'Inc.,', 'non-profit', 'organization.Privacy', 'policyAbout', 'WikipediaDisclaimersContact', 'WikipediaDevelopersCookie', 'statementMobile', 'view']\n",
            "4668\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "bnNXWOBiVHHH",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "**EXTRACTING ONLY ALPHANUMERIC CONTENT**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "htWUhIvxovRn",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "4f724a6f-0098-4bb3-c25d-85dc10695426",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 73
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "p = re.compile('[a-zA-Z0-9]+')\n",
        "filtered_tokens_1 = list(filter(lambda token: p.match(token), contents))\n",
        "#filtered_tokens\n",
        "print(len(filtered_tokens_1))\n",
        "print(filtered_tokens_1)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "4317\n",
            "['The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'official', 'criminal', 'code', 'India.', 'It', 'comprehensive', 'code', 'intended', 'cover', 'substantive', 'aspects', 'criminal', 'law.', 'The', 'code', 'drafted', '1860', 'recommendations', 'first', 'law', 'commission', 'India', 'established', '1834', 'Charter', 'Act', '1833', 'Chairmanship', 'Lord', 'Thomas', 'Babington', 'Macaulay.[1][2][3]', 'It', 'came', 'force', 'British', 'India', 'early', 'British', 'Raj', 'period', '1862.', 'However,', 'apply', 'automatically', 'Princely', 'states,', 'courts', 'legal', 'systems', '1940s.', 'The', 'Code', 'since', 'amended', 'several', 'times', 'supplemented', 'criminal', 'provisions.', 'After', 'partition', 'British', 'Indian', 'Empire,', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'inherited', 'successor', 'states,', 'Dominion', 'India', 'Dominion', 'Pakistan,', 'continues', 'independently', 'Pakistan', 'Penal', 'Code.', 'The', 'Ranbir', 'Penal', 'Code', 'applicable', 'Jammu', 'Kashmir', 'also', 'based', 'Code,', 'However,', 'successful', 'passage', 'Jammu', 'Kashmir', 'Reorganisation', 'Bill,', '2019', 'Rajya', 'Sabha', 'Lok', 'Sabha', 'respectively,', 'Ranbir', 'Penal', 'Code', 'repealed', '31', 'October', '2019,', 'henceforth', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'extended', 'region', 'aforementioned', 'date.', 'After', 'separation', 'Bangladesh', 'Pakistan,', 'code', 'continued', 'force', 'there.', 'The', 'Code', 'also', 'adopted', 'British', 'colonial', 'authorities', 'Colonial', 'Burma,', 'Ceylon', 'Sri', 'Lanka),', 'Straits', 'Settlements', 'part', 'Malaysia),', 'Singapore', 'Brunei,', 'remains', 'basis', 'criminal', 'codes', 'countries.', 'The', 'draft', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'prepared', 'First', 'Law', 'Commission,', 'chaired', 'Thomas', 'Babington', 'Macaulay', '1834', 'submitted', 'Governor-General', 'India', 'Council', '1835.', 'Its', 'basis', 'law', 'England', 'freed', 'superfluities,', 'technicalities', 'local', 'peculiarities.', 'Elements', 'also', 'derived', 'Napoleonic', 'Code', 'Edward', \"Livingston's\", 'Louisiana', 'Civil', 'Code', '1825.', 'The', 'first', 'final', 'draft', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'submitted', 'Governor-General', 'India', 'Council', '1837,', 'draft', 'revised.', 'The', 'drafting', 'completed', '1850', 'Code', 'presented', 'Legislative', 'Council', '1856,', 'take', 'place', 'statute', 'book', 'British', 'India', 'generation', 'later,', 'following', 'Indian', 'Rebellion', '1857.', 'The', 'draft', 'underwent', 'careful', 'revision', 'hands', 'Barnes', 'Peacock,', 'later', 'became', 'first', 'Chief', 'Justice', 'Calcutta', 'High', 'Court,', 'future', 'puisne', 'judges', 'Calcutta', 'High', 'Court,', 'members', 'Legislative', 'Council,', 'passed', 'law', '6', 'October', '1860.[4]', 'The', 'Code', 'came', 'operation', '1', 'January', '1862.', 'Macaulay', 'survive', 'see', 'masterpiece', 'come', 'force,', 'died', 'near', 'end', '1859.', 'IPC', 'generic', 'essentials', 'form', 'law', 'commission', 'The', 'objective', 'Act', 'provide', 'general', 'penal', 'code', 'India.[5]', 'Though', 'initial', 'objective,', 'Act', 'repeal', 'penal', 'laws', 'force', 'time', 'coming', 'force', 'India.', 'This', 'done', 'Code', 'contain', 'offences', 'possible', 'offences', 'might', 'still', 'left', 'Code,', 'intended', 'exempted', 'penal', 'consequences.', 'Though', 'Code', 'consolidates', 'whole', 'law', 'subject', 'exhaustive', 'matters', 'respect', 'declares', 'law,', 'many', 'penal', 'statutes', 'governing', 'various', 'offences', 'created', 'addition', 'code.', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', '1860,', 'sub-divided', '23', 'chapters,', 'comprises', '511', 'sections.', 'The', 'Code', 'starts', 'introduction,', 'provides', 'explanations', 'exceptions', 'used', 'it,', 'covers', 'wide', 'range', 'offences.', 'The', 'Outline', 'presented', 'following', 'table:[6]', 'Right', 'Private', 'Defence', '96', '106)', 'Various', 'sections', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'controversial.', 'They', 'challenged', 'courts', 'claiming', 'Constitution', 'India.', 'Also', 'demand', 'abolition', 'controversial', 'IPC', 'sections', 'completely', 'partially.', 'Whoever,', 'voluntarily', 'carnal', 'intercourse', 'order', 'nature', 'man,', 'woman', 'animal,', 'shall', 'punished', 'imprisonment', 'life,', 'imprisonment', 'either', 'description', 'term', 'may', 'extend', 'ten', 'years,', 'shall', 'also', 'liable', 'fine.', 'Explanation', 'Penetration', 'sufficient', 'constitute', 'carnal', 'intercourse', 'necessary', 'offence', 'described', 'section.[7]', 'The', 'Section', '309', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'deals', 'unsuccessful', 'attempt', 'suicide.', 'Attempting', 'commit', 'suicide', 'act', 'towards', 'commission', 'offence', 'punishable', 'imprisonment', 'one', 'year', 'fine', 'both.', 'Considering', 'long-standing', 'demand', 'recommendations', 'Law', 'Commission', 'India,', 'repeatedly', 'endorsed', 'repeal', 'section,', 'Government', 'India', 'December', '2014', 'decided', 'decriminalise', 'attempt', 'commit', 'suicide', 'dropping', 'Section', '309', 'IPC', 'statute', 'book.', 'Though', 'decision', 'found', 'favour', 'states,', 'others', 'argued', 'would', 'make', 'law', 'enforcement', 'agencies', 'helpless', 'people', 'resort', 'fast', 'unto', 'death,', 'self-immolation,', 'etc.,', 'pointing', 'case', 'anti-AFSPA', 'activist', 'Irom', 'Chanu', 'Sharmila.[12]', 'In', 'February', '2015,', 'Legislative', 'Department', 'Ministry', 'Law', 'Justice', 'asked', 'Government', 'prepare', 'draft', 'Amendment', 'Bill', 'regard.[13]', 'In', 'August', '2015', 'ruling,', 'Rajasthan', 'High', 'Court', 'made', 'Jain', 'practice', 'undertaking', 'voluntary', 'death', 'fasting', 'end', \"person's\", 'life,', 'known', 'Santhara,', 'punishable', 'sections', '306', '309', 'IPC.', 'This', 'led', 'controversy,', 'sections', 'Jain', 'community', 'urging', 'Prime', 'Minister', 'move', 'Supreme', 'Court', 'order.[14][15]On', '31', 'August', '2015,', 'Supreme', 'Court', 'admitted', 'petition', 'Akhil', 'Bharat', 'Varshiya', 'Digambar', 'Jain', 'Parishad', 'granted', 'leave.', 'It', 'stayed', 'decision', 'High', 'Court', 'lifted', 'ban', 'practice.', 'The', 'Section', '497', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'criticised', 'one', 'hand', 'allegedly', 'treating', 'woman', 'private', 'property', 'husband,', 'hand', 'giving', 'women', 'complete', 'protection', 'punishment', 'adultery.[16][17]', 'This', 'section', 'unanimously', 'struck', '27th', 'September', '2018', 'five', 'judge', 'bench', 'Supreme', 'Court', 'case', 'Joseph', 'Shine', 'v.', 'Union', 'India', 'unconstitutional', 'demeaning', 'dignity', 'women.', 'Adultery', 'continues', 'ground', 'seeking', 'divorce', 'Civil', 'Court,', 'longer', 'criminal', 'offence', 'India.', 'Sections', '120B', 'conspiracy),', '121', 'Government', 'India),', '132', '194', 'evidence', 'procure', 'conviction', 'capital', 'offence),', '302,', '303', '305', 'suicide),', '364A', 'ransom),', '364A', 'murder),', '376A', 'death', 'penalty', 'punishment.', 'There', 'ongoing', 'debate', 'abolishing', 'capital', 'punishment.[18]', 'In', '2003,', 'Malimath', 'Committee', 'submitted', 'report', 'recommending', 'several', 'far-reaching', 'penal', 'reforms', 'including', 'separation', 'investigation', 'prosecution', 'CPS', 'UK)', 'streamline', 'criminal', 'justice', 'system.[19]', 'The', 'essence', 'report', 'perceived', 'need', 'shift', 'adversarial', 'inquisitorial', 'criminal', 'justice', 'system,', 'based', 'Continental', 'European', 'systems.', 'The', 'Code', 'amended', 'several', 'times.[20][21]', 'The', 'Code', 'universally', 'acknowledged', 'cogently', 'drafted', 'code,', 'ahead', 'time.', 'It', 'substantially', 'survived', '150', 'years', 'several', 'jurisdictions', 'without', 'major', 'amendments.', 'Nicholas', 'Phillips,', 'Justice', 'Supreme', 'Court', 'United', 'Kingdom', 'applauded', 'efficacy', 'relevance', 'IPC', 'commemorating', '150', 'years', 'IPC.[22]', 'Modern', 'crimes', 'involving', 'technology', 'unheard', \"Macaulay's\", 'time', 'fit', 'easily', 'within', 'Code[citation', 'needed]', 'mainly', 'broadness', \"Code's\", 'drafting.', 'Some', 'references', 'specific', 'sections', \"dafa'a\", 'Hindi-Urdu,', 'IPC', 'entered', 'popular', 'speech', 'India,', 'Pakistan', 'Bangladesh.', 'For', 'instance,', 'con', 'men', 'referred', '420s', 'Hindi-Urdu)', 'Section', '420', 'covers', 'cheating.[23]', 'Similarly,', 'specific', 'reference', 'section', '302', 'dafā', 'tīn-sau-do', 'ke', 'tehet', 'sazā-e-maut\",', 'death', 'section', '302', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code\"),', 'covers', 'death', 'penalty,', 'become', 'part', 'common', 'knowledge', 'region', 'due', 'repeated', 'mentions', 'Bollywood', 'movies', 'regional', 'pulp', 'literature.[24][25]', 'Dafa', '302', 'also', 'name', 'Bollywood', 'movie', 'released', '1975.[26]', 'Similarly,', 'Shree', '420', 'name', '1955', 'Bollywood', 'movie', 'starring', 'Raj', 'Kapoor.[27]', 'Chachi', '420', 'Bollywood', 'movie', 'released', '1997', 'starring', 'Kamal', 'Haasan.[28]', 'Long', 'title', 'An', 'Act', 'provide', 'general', 'penal', 'code', 'Indias', 'Act', 'No.', '45', '1860', 'IndiaImperial', 'Legislative', 'Council6', 'October', '18606', 'October', '18601', 'January', '1862First', 'Law', 'Commissionsee', 'AmendmentsCode', 'Criminal', 'Procedure,', '1973Status:', 'AmendedChapter', 'ISections', '1', '5Introduction', 'Chapter', 'IISections', '6', '52General', 'Explanations', 'Chapter', 'IIISections', '53', '75of', 'Punishments', 'Chapter', 'IVSections', '76', '106General', 'Exceptions', 'Right', 'Private', 'Defence', '96', '106)', 'Chapter', 'VSections', '107', '120Of', 'Abetment', 'Chapter', 'VASections', '120A', '120BCriminal', 'Conspiracy', 'Chapter', 'VISections', '121', '130Of', 'Offences', 'State', 'Chapter', 'VIISections', '131', '140Of', 'Offences', 'relating', 'Army,', 'Navy', 'Air', 'Force', 'Chapter', 'VIIISections', '141', '160Of', 'Offences', 'Public', 'Tranquillity', 'Chapter', 'IXSections', '161', '171Of', 'Offences', 'relating', 'Public', 'Servants', 'Chapter', 'IXASections', '171A', '171IOf', 'Offences', 'Relating', 'Elections', 'Chapter', 'XSections', '172', '190Of', 'Contempts', 'Lawful', 'Authority', 'Public', 'Servants', 'Chapter', 'XISections', '191', '229Of', 'False', 'Evidence', 'Offences', 'Public', 'Justice', 'Chapter', 'XIISections', '230', '263Of', 'Offences', 'relating', 'coin', 'Government', 'Stamps', 'Chapter', 'XIIISections', '264', '267Of', 'Offences', 'relating', 'Weight', 'Measures', 'Chapter', 'XIVSections', '268', '294Of', 'Offences', 'affecting', 'Public', 'Health,', 'Safety,', 'Convenience,', 'Decency', 'Morals.', 'Chapter', 'XVSections', '295', '298Of', 'Offences', 'relating', 'Religion', 'Chapter', 'XVISections', '299', '377Of', 'Offences', 'affecting', 'Human', 'Body.', 'Of', 'Offences', 'Affecting', 'Life', 'including', 'murder,', 'culpable', 'homicide', '299', '311)', 'Of', 'Causing', 'Miscarriage,', 'Injuries', 'Unborn', 'Children,', 'Exposure', 'Infants,', 'Concealment', 'Births', '312', '318)', 'Of', 'Hurt', '319', '338)', 'Of', 'Wrongful', 'Restraint', 'Wrongful', 'Confinement', '339', '348)', 'Of', 'Criminal', 'Force', 'Assault', '349', '358)', 'Of', 'Kidnapping,', 'Abduction,', 'Slavery', 'Forced', 'Labour', '359', '374)', 'Sexual', 'Offences', 'including', 'rape', 'Sodomy', '375', '377)', 'Chapter', 'XVIISections', '378', '462Of', 'Offences', 'Against', 'Property', 'Of', 'Theft', '378', '382)', 'Of', 'Extortion', '383', '389)', 'Of', 'Robbery', 'Dacoity', '390', '402)', 'Of', 'Criminal', 'Misappropriation', 'Property', '403', '404)', 'Of', 'Criminal', 'Breach', 'Trust', '405', '409)', 'Of', 'Receiving', 'Stolen', 'Property', '410', '414)', 'Of', 'Cheating', '415', '420)', 'Of', 'Fraudulent', 'Deeds', 'Disposition', 'Property', '421', '424)', 'Of', 'Mischief', '425', '440)', 'Of', 'Criminal', 'Trespass', '441', '462)', 'Chapter', 'XVIIISection', '463', '489', 'relating', 'Documents', 'Property', 'Marks', 'Offences', 'relating', 'Documents', '463', '477-A)', 'Offences', 'relating', 'Property', 'Other', 'Marks', '478', '489)', 'Offences', 'relating', 'Currency', 'Notes', 'Bank', 'Notes', '489A', '489E)', 'Chapter', 'XIXSections', '490', '492Of', 'Criminal', 'Breach', 'Contracts', 'Service', 'Chapter', 'XXSections', '493', '498Of', 'Offences', 'Relating', 'Marriage', 'Chapter', 'XXASections', '498AOf', 'Cruelty', 'Husband', 'Relatives', 'Husband', 'Chapter', 'XXISections', '499', '502Of', 'Defamation', 'Chapter', 'XXIISections', '503', '510Of', 'Criminal', 'intimidation,', 'Insult', 'Annoyance', 'Chapter', 'XXIIISection', '511Of', 'Attempts', 'Commit', 'Offences', '1', 'The', 'Repealing', 'Act,', '1870', '14', '1870', '2', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1870', '27', '1870', '3', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1872', '19', '1872', '4', 'The', 'Indian', 'Oaths', 'Act,', '1873', '10', '1873', '5', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1882', '8', '1882', '6', 'The', 'Code', 'Criminal', 'Procedure,', '1882', '10', '1882', '7', 'The', 'Indian', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1886', '10', '1886', '8', 'The', 'Indian', 'Marine', 'Act,', '1887', '14', '1887', '9', 'The', 'Metal', 'Tokens', 'Act,', '1889', '1', '1889', '10', 'The', 'Indian', 'Merchandise', 'Marks', 'Act,', '1889', '4', '1889', '11', 'The', 'Cantonments', 'Act,', '1889', '13', '1889', '12', 'The', 'Indian', 'Railways', 'Act,', '1890', '9', '1890', '13', 'The', 'Indian', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1891', '10', '1891', '14', 'The', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1891', '12', '1891', '15', 'The', 'Indian', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1894', '3', '1894', '16', 'The', 'Indian', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1895', '3', '1895', '17', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1896', '6', '1896', '18', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1898', '4', '1898', '19', 'The', 'Currency-Notes', 'Forgery', 'Act,', '1899', '12', '1899', '20', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1910', '3', '1910', '21', 'The', 'Indian', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1913', '8', '1913', '22', 'The', 'Indian', 'Elections', 'Offences', 'Inquiries', 'Act,', '1920', '39', '1920', '23', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Act,', '1921', '16', '1921', '24', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Act,', '1923', '20', '1923', '25', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Act,', '1924', '5', '1924', '26', 'The', 'Indian', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1924', '18', '1924', '27', 'The', \"Workmen's\", 'Breach', 'Contract', 'Act,', '1925', '3', '1925', '29', 'The', 'Obscene', 'Publications', 'Act,', '1925', '8', '1925', '29', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Act,', '1925', '29', '1925', '30', 'The', 'Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1927', '10', '1927', '31', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1927', '25', '1927', '32', 'The', 'Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1930', '8', '1930', '33', 'The', 'Indian', 'Air', 'Force', 'Act,', '1932', '14', '1932', '34', 'The', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1934', '35', '1934', '35', 'The', 'Government', 'India', 'Indian', 'Laws)', 'Order,', '1937', 'N/A', '1937', '36', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1939', '22', '1939', '37', 'The', 'Offences', 'Ships', 'Aircraft', 'Act,', '1940', '4', '1940', '38', 'The', 'Indian', 'Merchandise', 'Marks', 'Act,', '1941', '2', '1941', '39', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Act,', '1942', '8', '1942', '40', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Act,', '1943', '6', '1943', '41', 'The', 'Indian', 'Independence', 'Central', 'Acts', 'Ordinances)', 'Order,', '1948', 'N/A', '1948', '42', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Racial', 'Discriminations)', 'Act,', '1949', '17', '1949', '43', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Code', 'Criminal', 'Procedure', 'Act,', '1949', '42', '1949', '44', 'The', 'Adaptation', 'Laws', 'Order,', '1950', 'N/A', '1950', '45', 'The', 'Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1950', '35', '1950', '46', 'The', 'Part', 'B', 'States', 'Act,', '1951', '3', '1951', '47', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1952', '46', '1952', '48', 'The', 'Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1952', '48', '1952', '49', 'The', 'Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1953', '42', '1953', '50', 'The', 'Code', 'Criminal', 'Procedure', 'Act,', '1955', '26', '1955', '51', 'The', 'Adaptation', 'Laws', 'Order,', '1956', 'N/A', '1956', '52', 'The', 'Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '1957', '36', '1957', '53', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1958', '2', '1958', '54', 'The', 'Trade', 'Merchandise', 'Marks', 'Act,', '1958', '43', '1958', '55', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Act,', '1959', '52', '1959', '56', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Act,', '1961', '41', '1961', '57', 'The', 'Anti-Corruption', 'Laws', 'Act,', '1964', '40', '1964', '58', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Election', 'Laws', 'Amendment', 'Act,', '1969', '35', '1969', '59', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Act,', '1969', '36', '1969', '60', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Act,', '1972', '31', '1972', '61', 'The', \"Employees'\", 'Provident', 'Funds', 'Family', 'Pension', 'Fund', 'Act,', '1973', '40', '1973', '62', 'The', \"Employees'\", 'State', 'Insurance', 'Act,', '1975', '38', '1975', '63', 'The', 'Election', 'Laws', 'Act,', '1975', '40', '1975', '64', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Act,', '1983', '43', '1983', '65', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Amendment)', 'Act,', '1983', '46', '1983', '66', 'The', 'Dowry', 'Prohibition', 'Act,', '1986', '43', '1986', '67', 'The', \"Employees'\", 'Provident', 'Funds', 'Miscellaneous', 'Provisions', 'Act,', '1988', '33', '1988', '68', 'The', 'Prevention', 'Corruption', 'Act,', '1988', '49', '1988', '69', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Act,', '1993', '42', '1993', '70', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Act,', '1995', '24', '1995', '71', 'The', 'Information', 'Technology', 'Act,', '2000', '21', '2000', '72', 'The', 'Election', 'Laws', 'Act,', '2003', '24', '2003', '73', 'The', 'Code', 'Criminal', 'Procedure', 'Act,', '2005', '25', '2005', '74', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Act,', '2005', '2', '2006', '75', 'The', 'Information', 'Technology', 'Act,', '2008', '10', '2009', '76', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Act,', '2013', '13', '2013', '77', 'The', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Act,', '2018', '2018', 'Chapter', 'I', 'Chapter', 'II', 'Chapter', 'III', 'Chapter', 'IV', 'Chapter', 'V', 'Chapter', 'VA', 'Chapter', 'VI', 'Chapter', 'VII', 'Chapter', 'VIII', 'Chapter', 'IX', 'Chapter', 'IXA', 'Chapter', 'X', 'Chapter', 'XI', 'Chapter', 'XII', 'Chapter', 'XIII', 'Chapter', 'XIV', 'Chapter', 'XV', 'Chapter', 'XVI', 'Chapter', 'XVII', 'Chapter', 'XVIII', 'Chapter', 'XIX', 'Chapter', 'XX', 'Chapter', 'XXA', 'Chapter', 'XXI', 'Chapter', 'XXII', 'Chapter', 'XXIII', '120B', 'conspiracy)', '121', 'Government', 'India)', '122', '194', 'evidence', 'procure', 'conviction', 'capital', 'offence)', '302,', '303', '305', 'suicide)', '364A', 'ransom)', '364A', 'murder)', '376A', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '20', '124A', '294', '299', 'homicide)', '304', 'homicide', 'amounting', 'murder)', '309', 'suicide)', '320', 'hurt)', '326A', 'attack)', '326B', 'acid', 'attack)', '377', 'offences)', '420', '497', 'Constitution', 'India', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Code', 'Criminal', 'Procedure', 'Acts', 'Parliament', 'Ordinance', 'In', 'ForceIn', 'Force', 'Real', 'Estate', 'Development)', 'Act,', '2016', 'Consumer', 'Protection', 'Act,', '1986', 'Consumer', 'Protection', 'Act,', '2019', 'Essential', 'Commodities', 'Act', 'Essential', 'Services', 'Maintenance', 'Act', 'Benami', 'Transactions', 'Act,', '1988', 'Black', 'Money', 'Foreign', 'Income', 'Assets)', 'Imposition', 'Tax', 'Act,', '2015', 'Prevention', 'Corruption', 'Act,', '1988', 'The', 'Lokpal', 'Lokayuktas', 'Act,', '2013', 'Mines', 'Minerals', 'Regulation)', 'Act', 'Prevention', 'Money', 'Laundering', 'Act,', '2002', 'Whistle', 'Blowers', 'Protection', 'Act,', '2011', 'Armed', 'Forces', 'Powers)', 'Act', 'Armed', 'Forces', 'Tribunal', 'Act,', '2007', 'Arms', 'Act,', '1959', 'Army', 'Act,', '1950', 'Criminal', 'Law', 'Act,', '2013', 'Cigarettes', 'Other', 'Tobacco', 'Products', 'Act', 'Indian', 'Evidence', 'Act', 'Juvenile', 'Justice', 'Protection', 'Children)', 'Act,', '2015', 'National', 'Security', 'Act', 'Protection', 'Women', 'Domestic', 'Violence', 'Act,', '2005', 'Scheduled', 'Caste', 'Scheduled', 'Tribe', 'Atrocities)', 'Act,', '1989', 'Indian', 'Institutes', 'Management', 'Act,', '2017', 'Institutes', 'Technology', 'Act,', '1961', 'National', 'Institutes', 'Technology', 'Act,', '2007', 'Right', 'Children', 'Free', 'Compulsory', 'Education', 'Act,', '2009', 'University', 'Grants', 'Commission', 'Act,', '1956', 'Air', 'Control', 'Pollution)', 'Act', 'Biological', 'Diversity', 'Act,', '2002', 'CAMPA', 'bill', 'Environment', 'Protection', 'Act,', '1986', 'Indian', 'Forest', 'Act,', '1927', 'National', 'Green', 'Tribunal', 'Act', 'Prevention', 'Cruelty', 'Animals', 'Act', 'Protection', 'Plant', 'Varieties', \"Farmers'\", 'Rights', 'Act,', '2001', 'Wildlife', 'Protection', 'Act,', '1972', 'Aadhaar', 'Delivery', 'Financial', 'Subsidies,', 'benefits', 'services)', 'Act,', '2016', 'Banking', 'Regulation', 'Act,', '1949', 'Conservation', 'Foreign', 'Exchange', 'Prevention', 'Smuggling', 'Activities', 'Act', 'Depositories', 'Act', 'The', 'Electricity', 'Act,', '2003', 'Expenditure', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1987', 'Finance', 'Act', 'Fiscal', 'Responsibility', 'Budget', 'Management', 'Act,', '2003', 'Foreign', 'Contribution', 'Act,', '2010', 'Foreign', 'Exchange', 'Management', 'Act', 'Fugitive', 'Economic', 'Offenders', 'Act', 'Geographical', 'Indications', 'Goods', 'Protection)', 'Act,', '1999', 'Government', 'Securities', 'Act,', '2006', 'Indian', 'Contract', 'Act,', '1872', 'Indian', 'Stamp', 'Act,', '1899', 'Insolvency', 'Bankruptcy', 'Code,', '2016', 'Insurance', 'Act,', '1938', 'Negotiable', 'Instruments', 'Act,', '1881', 'Securities', 'Laws', 'Act,', '2014', 'Securitisation', 'Reconstruction', 'Financial', 'Assets', 'Enforcement', 'Security', 'Interest', 'Act,', '2002', 'The', 'Competition', 'Act,', '2002', 'The', 'High', 'Denomination', 'Bank', 'Notes', 'Act,', '1978', 'The', 'Income-tax', 'Act,', '1961', 'Transfer', 'Property', 'Act', '1882', 'Urban', 'Land', 'Regulation)', 'Act,', '1976', 'Central', 'Council', 'Homoeopathy', 'Act,', '1973', 'Clinical', 'Establishments', 'Regulation)', 'Act,', '2010', 'Dentist', 'Act', 'Drugs', 'Cosmetics', 'Act,', '1940', 'Drugs', 'Magic', 'Remedies', 'Advertisements)', 'Act,', '1954', 'HIV/AIDS', 'Prevention', 'Act', 'Indian', 'Medical', 'Council', 'Act', 'Mental', 'Health', 'Act,', '1987', 'Narcotic', 'Drugs', 'Psychotropic', 'Substances', 'Act,', '1985', 'Mental', 'Health', 'Care', 'Act,', '2017', 'Bonded', 'Labor', 'System', 'Act,', '1976', 'Factories', 'Act,1948,', 'India', 'Industrial', 'Disputes', 'Act,', '1947', 'Interstate', 'Migrant', 'Workmen', 'Act', '1979', 'Maternity', 'Benefit', 'Act,', '2017', 'Minimum', 'Wages', 'Act', '1948', 'National', 'Rural', 'Employment', 'Guarantee', 'Act,', '2005', 'Sexual', 'Harassment', 'Women', 'Workplace', 'Prohibition', 'Redressal)', 'Act,', '2013', 'Unorganised', \"Workers'\", 'Social', 'Security', 'Act', '2008', 'Hindu', 'Adoptions', 'Maintenance', 'Act', 'Majority', 'Act', 'Hindu', 'Minority', 'Guardianship', 'Act', 'Hindu', 'Succession', 'Act,', '1956', 'Special', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '1954', 'The', 'Hindu', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '1955', 'The', 'Indian', 'Christian', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '1872', 'Rights', 'Persons', 'Disabilities', 'Act,', '2016', 'Child', 'Labour', 'Regulation)', 'Act', 'Indecent', 'Representation', 'Women', 'Act', 'National', 'Food', 'Security', 'Act,', '2013', 'Pre-Conception', 'Pre-Natal', 'Diagnostic', 'Techniques', 'Act,', '1994', 'The', 'Prohibition', 'Child', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '2006', 'The', 'Scheduled', 'Tribes', 'Other', 'Traditional', 'Forest', 'Dwellers', 'Forest', 'Rights)', 'Act,', '2006', 'Street', 'Vendors', 'Act,', '2014', 'Anti-Superstition', 'Black', 'Magic', 'Act', 'The', 'Bombay', 'Prohibition', 'Act,', '1949', 'Bombay', 'Prohibition', 'Amendment)', '2009', 'Chhattisgarh', 'Food', 'Security', 'Act,', '2012', 'Karnataka', 'Control', 'Organised', 'Crimes', 'Act', 'Maharashtra', 'Control', 'Organised', 'Crime', 'Act', 'Punjab', 'Control', 'Organised', 'Crime', 'Act', 'The', 'Gujarat', 'Local', 'Authorities', 'Laws', 'Bill,', '2009', 'Puducherry', 'Prevention', 'Anti-Social', 'Activities', 'Act', 'Andhra', 'Pradesh', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2014', 'Bihar', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2000', 'Jammu', 'Kashmir', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2019', 'Madhya', 'Pradesh', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2000', 'Punjab', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '1966', 'States', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '1956', 'Uttar', 'Pradesh', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2000', 'Anti-Hijacking', 'Act,', '2016', 'Unlawful', 'Activities', 'Act', 'Aircraft', 'Act', 'Motor', 'Vehicles', 'Act', '1988', 'National', 'Waterways', 'Act,', '2016', 'Inland', 'Vessels', 'Act', 'Metro', 'Railways', 'Act,', '1978', 'Metro', 'Railway', 'Act,', '2002', 'Chartered', 'Accountants', 'Act,', '1949', 'Companies', 'Act', '2013', 'Gram', 'Nyayalayas', 'Act,', '2008', 'Indian', 'Trusts', 'Act,', '1882', 'Micro,', 'Small', 'Medim', 'Enterprises', 'Development', 'Act,', '2006', 'Panchayats', 'Scheduled', 'Areas)', 'Act', '1996', 'Reserve', 'Bank', 'India', 'Act,', '1934', 'The', 'Indian', 'Partnership', 'Act,', '1932', 'Societies', 'Registration', 'Act,', '1860', 'The', 'Limited', 'Liability', 'Partnership', 'Act,', '2008', 'Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '2015', 'Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '2015', 'Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '2016', 'Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '2017', 'Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '2017', 'All', 'India', 'Services', 'Act,', '1951', 'Delimitation', 'Act', 'Enemy', 'Property', 'Act,', '1968', 'Information', 'Technology', 'Act,', '2000', 'Nuclear', 'Liability', 'Act', 'Official', 'Secrets', 'Act', 'Representation', 'People', 'Act,', '1951', 'Right', 'Fair', 'Compensation', 'Transparency', 'Land', 'Acquisition,', 'Rehabilitation', 'Resettlement', 'Act,', '2013', 'Right', 'Information', 'Act,', '2005', 'State', 'Emblem', 'India', 'Improper', 'Use)', 'Act,', '2005', 'The', 'Foreigners', 'Act,', '1946', 'RepealedRepealed', 'Age', 'Consent', 'Act,', '1891', 'Caste', 'Disabilities', 'Removal', 'Act,', '1850', 'Criminal', 'Tribes', 'Act', 'Hindu', \"Widows'\", 'Remarriage', 'Act,', '1856', 'English', 'Education', 'Act', '1835', 'Prevention', 'Seditious', 'Meetings', 'Act,', '1907', 'Anti-Copying', 'Act,', '1992', 'Foreign', 'Exchange', 'Regulation', 'Act', 'Gift', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1958', 'Illegal', 'Migrants', 'Tribunal)', 'Act,', '1983', 'Interest', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1974', 'Maintenance', 'Internal', 'Security', 'Act', 'Prevention', 'Terrorism', 'Act,', '2002', 'Terrorist', 'Disruptive', 'Activities', 'Act', 'The', 'Gold', 'Act,', '1968', 'The', 'Muslim', 'Women', 'Rights', 'Divorce)', 'Act', '1986', 'Wealth', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1957', 'BillsBills', 'Citizenship', 'Amendment', 'Bill', '2016', 'Foreign', 'Education', 'Providers', 'Bill,', '2013', 'Geospatial', 'Information', 'Regulation', 'Bill', 'Gujarat', 'Control', 'Organised', 'Crime', 'Act', 'Marriage', 'Laws', 'Amendment', 'Bill', 'Uniform', 'civil', 'code', 'Surrogacy', 'Bill,', '2019', 'Transgender', 'Persons', 'Rights)', 'Bill,', '2019', 'Judges', 'Assets', 'Bill', \"Women's\", 'Reservation', 'Bill', 'Citizenship', 'Amendment', 'Bill', '2016', 'An', 'Act', 'provide', 'general', 'penal', 'code', 'Indias', '1', 'History2', 'Objective3', 'Structure4', 'Controversies', '4.1', 'Unnatural', 'Offences', 'Section', '377', '4.2', 'Attempt', 'Commit', 'Suicide', 'Section', '309', '4.3', 'Adultery', 'Section', '497', '4.4', 'Death', 'penalty', 'Punishment)', '4.1', 'Unnatural', 'Offences', 'Section', '3774.2', 'Attempt', 'Commit', 'Suicide', 'Section', '3094.3', 'Adultery', 'Section', '4974.4', 'Death', 'penalty', 'Punishment)5', 'Criminal', 'justice', 'reforms6', 'Amendments7', 'Acclaim8', 'Cultural', 'references9', 'See', 'also10', 'References11', 'Further', 'reading12', 'External', 'linksOf', 'Offences', 'Affecting', 'Life', 'including', 'murder,', 'culpable', 'homicide', '299', '311)Of', 'Causing', 'Miscarriage,', 'Injuries', 'Unborn', 'Children,', 'Exposure', 'Infants,', 'Concealment', 'Births', '312', '318)Of', 'Hurt', '319', '338)Of', 'Wrongful', 'Restraint', 'Wrongful', 'Confinement', '339', '348)Of', 'Criminal', 'Force', 'Assault', '349', '358)Of', 'Kidnapping,', 'Abduction,', 'Slavery', 'Forced', 'Labour', '359', '374)Sexual', 'Offences', 'including', 'rape', 'Sodomy', '375', '377)Of', 'Theft', '378', '382)Of', 'Extortion', '383', '389)Of', 'Robbery', 'Dacoity', '390', '402)Of', 'Criminal', 'Misappropriation', 'Property', '403', '404)Of', 'Criminal', 'Breach', 'Trust', '405', '409)Of', 'Receiving', 'Stolen', 'Property', '410', '414)Of', 'Cheating', '415', '420)Of', 'Fraudulent', 'Deeds', 'Disposition', 'Property', '421', '424)Of', 'Mischief', '425', '440)Of', 'Criminal', 'Trespass', '441', '462)Offences', 'relating', 'Documents', '463', '477-A)Offences', 'relating', 'Property', 'Other', 'Marks', '478', '489)Offences', 'relating', 'Currency', 'Notes', 'Bank', 'Notes', '489A', '489E)Section', '377', 'The', 'Delhi', 'High', 'Court', '2', 'July', '2009', 'gave', 'liberal', 'interpretation', 'section', 'laid', 'section', 'used', 'punish', 'act', 'consensual', 'sexual', 'intercourse', 'two', 'sex', 'individuals.[8]On', '11', 'December', '2013,', 'Supreme', 'Court', 'India', 'over-ruled', 'judgment', 'given', 'Delhi', 'High', 'court', '2009', 'clarified', '377,', 'holds', 'same-sex', 'relations', 'unnatural,', 'suffer', 'unconstitutionality\".', 'The', 'Bench', 'said:', 'hold', 'Section', '377', 'suffer', 'unconstitutionality', 'declaration', 'made', 'Division', 'Bench', 'High', 'Court', 'legally', 'unsustainable.\"', 'It,', 'however,', 'said:', 'verdict,', 'competent', 'legislature', 'shall', 'free', 'consider', 'desirability', 'propriety', 'deleting', 'Section', '377', 'statute', 'book', 'amend', 'per', 'suggestion', 'made', 'Attorney-General', 'G.E.', 'Vahanvati.\"[9]On', '8', 'January', '2018,', 'Supreme', 'Court', 'agreed', 'reconsider', '2013', 'decision', 'much', 'deliberation', 'agreed', 'decriminalise', 'parts', 'Section', '377', 'criminalised', 'sex', 'relations', '6', 'September', '2018.', 'The', 'judgement', 'Suresh', 'Kumar', 'Koushal', 'v.', 'Naz', 'Foundation', 'overruled.[11]Civil', 'Procedure', 'Code,', '1908Code', 'Criminal', 'Procedure,', '1973Indian', 'Evidence', 'ActCategory:Indian', 'Penal', 'Code', 'Sections^', \"Universal's\", 'Guide', 'Judicial', 'Service', 'Examination.', 'Universal', 'Law', 'Publishing.', 'p.', '2.', 'ISBN', '978-93-5035-029-4..mw-parser-output', 'cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output', 'q{quotes:\"\\\\\"\"\"\\\\\"\"\"\\'\"\"\\'\"}.mw-parser-output', 'a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', 'center}.mw-parser-output', 'a,.mw-parser-output', 'a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', 'center}.mw-parser-output', 'a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', 'center}.mw-parser-output', 'span,.mw-parser-output', 'span{border-bottom:1px', 'dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output', 'a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', 'center}.mw-parser-output', 'code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output', 'Lal', 'Kalla,', 'Krishan', 'The', 'Literary', 'Heritage', 'Kashmir.', 'Jammu', 'Kashmir:', 'Mittal', 'Publications.', 'p.', '75.', 'Retrieved', '19', 'September', '2014.', 'Commission', 'India', 'Early', 'Beginnings\".', 'Law', 'Commission', 'India.', 'Retrieved', '19', 'September', '2014.', 'Introduction', 'IPC', 'IPC', 'IPC', 'PDF)\".', 'B.M.Gandhi.', 'Indian', 'Panel', 'Code', 'ed.).', 'EBC.', 'pp.', '1–832.', 'ISBN', '978-81-7012-892-2.', 'B.M.Gandhi.', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code.', 'EBC.', 'pp.', '1–796.', 'ISBN', '978-81-7012-892-2.', 'High', 'Court', 'strikes', 'Section', '377', 'IPC\".', 'The', 'Hindu.', '3', 'July', '2009.', 'ISSN', '0971-751X.', 'Retrieved', '24', 'September', '2018.', 'Venkatesan,', 'J.', 'December', '2013).', 'Court', 'sets', 'aside', 'Delhi', 'HC', 'verdict', 'decriminalising', 'gay', 'sex\".', 'The', 'Hindu.', 'ISSN', '0971-751X.', 'Retrieved', '24', 'September', '2018.', 'decriminalises', 'Section', '377:', 'A', 'timeline', 'case\".', 'Times', 'India.', '6', 'September', '2018.', 'Retrieved', '7', 'September', '2018.', \"Court's\", 'decision', 'Section', '377:', 'Separate', 'decision', '5', 'Judges', 'Judgement]\".', 'www.lawji.in.', 'Retrieved', '9', 'September', '2018.', 'decriminalizes', 'attempt', 'commit', 'suicide,', 'removes', 'section', '309\".', 'The', 'Times', 'India.', '10', 'December', '2014.', 'Retrieved', '15', 'August', '2015.', 'Suicide\".', 'Press', 'Information', 'Bureau.', 'Ministry', 'Home', 'Affairs,', 'Government', 'India.', 'Retrieved', '15', 'August', '2015.', 'HC', 'says', 'Santhara', 'illegal,', 'Jain', 'saints', 'want', 'PM', 'Modi', 'move', 'SC\".', 'The', 'Indian', 'Express.', 'Retrieved', '15', 'August', '2015.', 'HC', 'bans', 'starvation', 'ritual', 'says', 'fasting', 'unto', 'death', 'essential', 'tenet', 'Jainism\".', 'IBN', 'Live.', 'CNN-IBN.', '10', 'August', '2015.', 'Retrieved', '15', 'August', '2015.', 'private', 'property,', 'trespassing\".', 'The', 'Times', 'india.', '17', 'July', '2015.', 'Retrieved', '15', 'August', '2015.', 'law', 'biased', 'men,', 'says', 'Supreme', 'Court\".', 'The', 'Times', 'India.', '3', 'December', '2011.', 'Retrieved', '15', 'August', '2015.', 'Abrams,', 'Corinne', 'September', '2015).', 'Reasons', \"India's\", 'Law', 'Commission', 'Says', 'Death', 'Penalty', 'Should', 'Be', 'Scrapped\".', 'Reform', 'Committee', 'recommends', 'separation', 'investigation', 'prosecution', 'powers', 'Retrieved', '23', 'May', '2012.', 'Parliament', 'India.', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code\"', 'childlineindia.org.in.', 'Retrieved', '7', 'June', '2015.', 'This', 'article', 'incorporates', 'text', 'source,', 'public', 'domain.', 'The', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code,', '1860.', 'Current', 'Publications.', '7', 'May', '2015.', 'Retrieved', '8', 'June', '2015.', 'endurance', 'lauded\".', 'The', 'New', 'Indian', 'Express.', 'Retrieved', '24', 'September', '2018.', 'Henry', 'Scholberg', 'The', 'return', 'Raj:', 'novel,', 'NorthStar', 'Publications,', '1992,', 'People', 'saying,', 'plus', 'Four', 'equals', 'Char', 'Sau', \"Bees.'\", 'Char', 'Sou', 'Bees', '420', 'number', 'law', 'counterfeiting', 'Star', 'Plus,', 'The', 'Great', 'Indian', 'Laughter', 'Challenge', 'Jokes', 'Book,', 'Popular', 'Prakashan,', 'ISBN', '978-81-7991-343-7,', 'Tazeerat-e-hind,', 'dafa', '302', 'ke', 'tahat,', 'mujrim', 'ko', 'maut', 'ki', 'saza', 'sunai', 'jaati', 'hai', 'Alok', 'Tomar;', 'Monisha', 'Shah;', 'Jonathan', 'Lynn', 'Ji', 'Mantriji:', 'The', 'diaries', 'Shri', 'Suryaprakash', 'Singh,', 'Penguin', 'Books', 'association', 'BBC', 'Worldwide,', '2001,', 'ISBN', '978-0-14-302767-6,', \"we'd\", 'death', 'penalty', 'back', 'tomorrow.', 'Dafa', '302,', 'taaziraat-e-Hind', 'hung', 'neck', 'death', 'D.', 'P.', 'Mishra', 'September', '2006),', 'Great', 'masters', 'Indian', 'cinema:', 'Dadasaheb', 'Phalke', 'Award', 'winnersGreat', 'Masters', 'Indian', 'Cinema', 'Series,', 'Publications', 'Division,', 'Ministry', 'Information', 'Broadcasting,', 'Government', 'India,', '2006,', 'ISBN', '978-81-230-1361-9,', 'Badti', 'Ka', 'Naam', 'Dadhi', '1975),', 'Chhoti', 'Si', 'Baat', '1975),', 'Dafa', '302', '1', '975),', 'Chori', 'Mera', 'Kaam', '1975),', 'Ek', 'Mahal', 'Ho', 'Sapnon', 'Ka', '420\"', 'via', 'www.imdb.com.', 'Haasan,', 'Kamal;', 'Puri,', 'Amrish;', 'Puri,', 'Om;', 'Tabu', 'December', '1997),', 'Chachi', '420,', 'retrieved', '3', 'April', '2017', 'C.K.Takwani', 'Indian', 'Penal', 'Code.', 'Eastern', 'Book', 'Company.Murlidhar', 'Chaturvedi', 'Bhartiya', 'Dand', 'Sanhita,1860.', 'EBC.', 'ISBN', '978-93-5028-140-6.Surender', 'Malik;', 'Sudeep', 'Malik', 'Supreme', 'Court', 'Penal', 'Code.', 'EBC.', 'ISBN', '978-93-5145-218-8.Constitution', 'IndiaDownload', 'Constitution', 'Of', 'India', 'FREE', 'In', 'Hindi', 'EnglishIndian', 'Penal', 'Code', '1860I.P.C', 'Friendly)vteChapter', 'IChapter', 'IIChapter', 'IIIChapter', 'IVChapter', 'VChapter', 'VAChapter', 'VIChapter', 'VIIChapter', 'VIIIChapter', 'IXChapter', 'IXAChapter', 'XChapter', 'XIChapter', 'XIIChapter', 'XIIIChapter', 'XIVChapter', 'XVChapter', 'XVIChapter', 'XVIIChapter', 'XVIIIChapter', 'XIXChapter', 'XXChapter', 'XXAChapter', 'XXIChapter', 'XXIIChapter', 'XXIII120B', 'conspiracy)121', 'Government', 'India)122', 'evidence', 'procure', 'conviction', 'capital', 'offence)302,', '303', 'suicide)364A', 'ransom)364A', 'murder)376A', 'homicide)304', 'homicide', 'amounting', 'murder)309', 'suicide)320', 'hurt)326A', 'attack)326B', 'acid', 'attack)377', 'offences)420497', 'India', 'Penal', 'CodeCode', 'Criminal', 'Procedure', 'ParliamentOrdinanceReal', 'Estate', 'Development)', 'Act,', '2016Consumer', 'Protection', 'Act,', '1986Consumer', 'Protection', 'Act,', '2019Essential', 'Commodities', 'ActEssential', 'Services', 'Maintenance', 'ActBenami', 'Transactions', 'Act,', '1988Black', 'Money', 'Foreign', 'Income', 'Assets)', 'Imposition', 'Tax', 'Act,', '2015Prevention', 'Corruption', 'Act,', '1988The', 'Lokpal', 'Lokayuktas', 'Act,', '2013Mines', 'Minerals', 'Regulation)', 'ActPrevention', 'Money', 'Laundering', 'Act,', '2002Whistle', 'Blowers', 'Protection', 'Act,', '2011Armed', 'Forces', 'Powers)', 'ActArmed', 'Forces', 'Tribunal', 'Act,', '2007Arms', 'Act,', '1959Army', 'Act,', '1950Criminal', 'Law', 'Act,', '2013Cigarettes', 'Other', 'Tobacco', 'Products', 'ActIndian', 'Evidence', 'ActJuvenile', 'Justice', 'Protection', 'Children)', 'Act,', '2015National', 'Security', 'Act', 'Women', 'Domestic', 'Violence', 'Act,', '2005Scheduled', 'Caste', 'Scheduled', 'Tribe', 'Atrocities)', 'Act,', '1989Indian', 'Institutes', 'Management', 'Act,', '2017Institutes', 'Technology', 'Act,', '1961National', 'Institutes', 'Technology', 'Act,', '2007Right', 'Children', 'Free', 'Compulsory', 'Education', 'Act,', '2009University', 'Grants', 'Commission', 'Act,', '1956Air', 'Control', 'Pollution)', 'ActBiological', 'Diversity', 'Act,', '2002CAMPA', 'billEnvironment', 'Protection', 'Act,', '1986Indian', 'Forest', 'Act,', '1927National', 'Green', 'Tribunal', 'ActPrevention', 'Cruelty', 'Animals', 'ActProtection', 'Plant', 'Varieties', \"Farmers'\", 'Rights', 'Act,', '2001Wildlife', 'Protection', 'Act,', '1972Aadhaar', 'Delivery', 'Financial', 'Subsidies,', 'benefits', 'services)', 'Act,', '2016Banking', 'Regulation', 'Act,', '1949Conservation', 'Foreign', 'Exchange', 'Prevention', 'Smuggling', 'Activities', 'ActDepositories', 'ActThe', 'Electricity', 'Act,', '2003Expenditure', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1987Finance', 'Act', 'Responsibility', 'Budget', 'Management', 'Act,', '2003Foreign', 'Contribution', 'Act,', '2010Foreign', 'Exchange', 'Management', 'ActFugitive', 'Economic', 'Offenders', 'ActGeographical', 'Indications', 'Goods', 'Protection)', 'Act,', '1999Government', 'Securities', 'Act,', '2006Indian', 'Contract', 'Act,', '1872Indian', 'Stamp', 'Act,', '1899Insolvency', 'Bankruptcy', 'Code,', '2016Insurance', 'Act,', '1938Negotiable', 'Instruments', 'Act,', '1881Securities', 'Laws', 'Act,', '2014Securitisation', 'Reconstruction', 'Financial', 'Assets', 'Enforcement', 'Security', 'Interest', 'Act,', '2002The', 'Competition', 'Act,', '2002The', 'High', 'Denomination', 'Bank', 'Notes', 'Act,', '1978The', 'Income-tax', 'Act,', '1961Transfer', 'Property', 'Act', '1882Urban', 'Land', 'Regulation)', 'Act,', '1976Central', 'Council', 'Homoeopathy', 'Act,', '1973Clinical', 'Establishments', 'Regulation)', 'Act,', '2010Dentist', 'ActDrugs', 'Cosmetics', 'Act,', '1940Drugs', 'Magic', 'Remedies', 'Advertisements)', 'Act,', '1954HIV/AIDS', 'Prevention', 'ActIndian', 'Medical', 'Council', 'ActMental', 'Health', 'Act,', '1987Narcotic', 'Drugs', 'Psychotropic', 'Substances', 'Act,', '1985Mental', 'Health', 'Care', 'Act,', '2017Bonded', 'Labor', 'System', 'Act,', '1976Factories', 'Act,1948,', 'IndiaIndustrial', 'Disputes', 'Act,', '1947Interstate', 'Migrant', 'Workmen', 'Act', '1979Maternity', 'Benefit', 'Act,', '2017Minimum', 'Wages', 'Act', '1948National', 'Rural', 'Employment', 'Guarantee', 'Act,', '2005Sexual', 'Harassment', 'Women', 'Workplace', 'Prohibition', 'Redressal)', 'Act,', '2013Unorganised', \"Workers'\", 'Social', 'Security', 'Act', '2008Hindu', 'Adoptions', 'Maintenance', 'Act', 'Act', 'Minority', 'Guardianship', 'ActHindu', 'Succession', 'Act,', '1956Special', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '1954The', 'Hindu', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '1955The', 'Indian', 'Christian', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '1872Rights', 'Persons', 'Disabilities', 'Act,', '2016Child', 'Labour', 'Regulation)', 'ActIndecent', 'Representation', 'Women', 'ActNational', 'Food', 'Security', 'Act,', '2013Pre-Conception', 'Pre-Natal', 'Diagnostic', 'Techniques', 'Act,', '1994The', 'Prohibition', 'Child', 'Marriage', 'Act,', '2006The', 'Scheduled', 'Tribes', 'Other', 'Traditional', 'Forest', 'Dwellers', 'Forest', 'Rights)', 'Act,', '2006Street', 'Vendors', 'Act,', '2014Anti-Superstition', 'Black', 'Magic', 'ActThe', 'Bombay', 'Prohibition', 'Act,', '1949Bombay', 'Prohibition', 'Amendment)', '2009Chhattisgarh', 'Food', 'Security', 'Act,', '2012Karnataka', 'Control', 'Organised', 'Crimes', 'ActMaharashtra', 'Control', 'Organised', 'Crime', 'ActPunjab', 'Control', 'Organised', 'Crime', 'ActThe', 'Gujarat', 'Local', 'Authorities', 'Laws', 'Bill,', '2009Puducherry', 'Prevention', 'Anti-Social', 'Activities', 'ActAndhra', 'Pradesh', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2014Bihar', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2000Jammu', 'Kashmir', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2019Madhya', 'Pradesh', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2000Punjab', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '1966States', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '1956Uttar', 'Pradesh', 'Reorganisation', 'Act,', '2000Anti-Hijacking', 'Act,', '2016Unlawful', 'Activities', 'ActAircraft', 'ActMotor', 'Vehicles', 'Act', '19881988National', 'Waterways', 'Act,', '2016Inland', 'Vessels', 'ActMetro', 'Railways', 'Act,', '1978Metro', 'Railway', 'Act,', '2002Chartered', 'Accountants', 'Act,', '1949Companies', 'Act', '2013Gram', 'Nyayalayas', 'Act,', '2008Indian', 'Trusts', 'Act,', '1882Micro,', 'Small', 'Medim', 'Enterprises', 'Development', 'Act,', '2006Panchayats', 'Scheduled', 'Areas)', 'Act', '1996Reserve', 'Bank', 'India', 'Act,', '1934The', 'Indian', 'Partnership', 'Act,', '1932Societies', 'Registration', 'Act,', '1860The', 'Limited', 'Liability', 'Partnership', 'Act,', '2008Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '2015Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '2015Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '2016Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '2017Repealing', 'Amending', 'Act,', '2017All', 'India', 'Services', 'Act,', '1951Delimitation', 'ActEnemy', 'Property', 'Act,', '1968Information', 'Technology', 'Act,', '2000Nuclear', 'Liability', 'ActOfficial', 'Secrets', 'Act', 'People', 'Act,', '1951Right', 'Fair', 'Compensation', 'Transparency', 'Land', 'Acquisition,', 'Rehabilitation', 'Resettlement', 'Act,', '2013Right', 'Information', 'Act,', '2005State', 'Emblem', 'India', 'Improper', 'Use)', 'Act,', '2005The', 'Foreigners', 'Act,', '1946Age', 'Consent', 'Act,', '1891Caste', 'Disabilities', 'Removal', 'Act,', '1850Criminal', 'Tribes', 'ActHindu', \"Widows'\", 'Remarriage', 'Act,', '1856English', 'Education', 'Act', '1835Prevention', 'Seditious', 'Meetings', 'Act,', '1907Anti-Copying', 'Act,', '1992Foreign', 'Exchange', 'Regulation', 'ActGift', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1958Illegal', 'Migrants', 'Tribunal)', 'Act,', '1983Interest', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1974Maintenance', 'Internal', 'Security', 'ActPrevention', 'Terrorism', 'Act,', '2002Terrorist', 'Disruptive', 'Activities', 'ActThe', 'Gold', 'Act,', '1968The', 'Muslim', 'Women', 'Rights', 'Divorce)', 'Act', '1986Wealth', 'Tax', 'Act,', '1957Citizenship', 'Amendment', 'Bill', '2016Foreign', 'Education', 'Providers', 'Bill,', '2013Geospatial', 'Information', 'Regulation', 'BillGujarat', 'Control', 'Organised', 'Crime', 'ActMarriage', 'Laws', 'Amendment', 'BillUniform', 'civil', 'codeSurrogacy', 'Bill,', '2019Transgender', 'Persons', 'Rights)', 'Bill,', '2019Judges', 'Assets', \"BillWomen's\", 'Reservation', 'BillCitizenship', 'Amendment', 'Bill', '2016Indian', 'Penal', 'CodeActs', 'Parliament', 'IndiaLegislation', 'British', 'IndiaCriminal', 'codes1860', 'British', 'law1860', 'law1860', 'IndiaUse', 'dmy', 'dates', 'June', '2016Use', 'Indian', 'English', 'June', '2016All', 'Wikipedia', 'articles', 'written', 'Indian', 'EnglishPages', 'using', 'collapsible', 'list', 'background', 'text-align', 'titlestylePages', 'using', 'deprecated', 'parameter', 'legislation', 'infoboxAll', 'articles', 'unsourced', 'statementsArticles', 'unsourced', 'statements', 'December', '2010Not', 'logged', 'inTalkContributionsCreate', 'accountLog', 'inArticleTalkReadEditView', 'historyMain', 'pageContentsFeatured', 'contentCurrent', 'eventsRandom', 'articleDonate', 'WikipediaWikipedia', 'storeHelpAbout', 'WikipediaCommunity', 'portalRecent', 'changesContact', 'pageWhat', 'links', 'hereRelated', 'changesUpload', 'fileSpecial', 'pagesPermanent', 'linkPage', 'informationWikidata', 'itemCite', 'pageCreate', 'bookDownload', 'PDFPrintable', 'versionঅসমীয়াবাংলাગુજરાતીहिन्दीBahasa', 'Indonesiaമലയാളംमराठीଓଡ଼ିଆਪੰਜਾਬੀSimple', 'Englishதமிழ்తెలుగుاردو', 'This', 'page', 'last', 'edited', '5', 'October', '2019,', '21:36', 'available', 'Creative', 'Commons', 'Attribution-ShareAlike', 'License;', 'additional', 'terms', 'may', 'apply.', 'By', 'using', 'site,', 'agree', 'Terms', 'Use', 'Privacy', 'Policy.', 'Wikipedia®', 'registered', 'trademark', 'Wikimedia', 'Foundation,', 'Inc.,', 'non-profit', 'organization.Privacy', 'policyAbout', 'WikipediaDisclaimersContact', 'WikipediaDevelopersCookie', 'statementMobile', 'view']\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "tssV6vXiVR9A",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "**STEMMING - PORTER STEMMER ALGORITHM**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "WOynFXVeE_O8",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "a5f80a33-e168-4ea1-916e-83aa827885a3",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 55
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "filtered_tokens_2 = list(map(lambda token: PorterStemmer().stem(token), filtered_tokens_1))\n",
        "print(filtered_tokens_2)\n",
        "    "
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "['the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'offici', 'crimin', 'code', 'india.', 'It', 'comprehens', 'code', 'intend', 'cover', 'substant', 'aspect', 'crimin', 'law.', 'the', 'code', 'draft', '1860', 'recommend', 'first', 'law', 'commiss', 'india', 'establish', '1834', 'charter', 'act', '1833', 'chairmanship', 'lord', 'thoma', 'babington', 'macaulay.[1][2][3]', 'It', 'came', 'forc', 'british', 'india', 'earli', 'british', 'raj', 'period', '1862.', 'however,', 'appli', 'automat', 'princ', 'states,', 'court', 'legal', 'system', '1940s.', 'the', 'code', 'sinc', 'amend', 'sever', 'time', 'supplement', 'crimin', 'provisions.', 'after', 'partit', 'british', 'indian', 'empire,', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'inherit', 'successor', 'states,', 'dominion', 'india', 'dominion', 'pakistan,', 'continu', 'independ', 'pakistan', 'penal', 'code.', 'the', 'ranbir', 'penal', 'code', 'applic', 'jammu', 'kashmir', 'also', 'base', 'code,', 'however,', 'success', 'passag', 'jammu', 'kashmir', 'reorganis', 'bill,', '2019', 'rajya', 'sabha', 'lok', 'sabha', 'respectively,', 'ranbir', 'penal', 'code', 'repeal', '31', 'octob', '2019,', 'henceforth', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'extend', 'region', 'aforement', 'date.', 'after', 'separ', 'bangladesh', 'pakistan,', 'code', 'continu', 'forc', 'there.', 'the', 'code', 'also', 'adopt', 'british', 'coloni', 'author', 'coloni', 'burma,', 'ceylon', 'sri', 'lanka),', 'strait', 'settlement', 'part', 'malaysia),', 'singapor', 'brunei,', 'remain', 'basi', 'crimin', 'code', 'countries.', 'the', 'draft', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'prepar', 'first', 'law', 'commission,', 'chair', 'thoma', 'babington', 'macaulay', '1834', 'submit', 'governor-gener', 'india', 'council', '1835.', 'it', 'basi', 'law', 'england', 'freed', 'superfluities,', 'technic', 'local', 'peculiarities.', 'element', 'also', 'deriv', 'napoleon', 'code', 'edward', \"livingston'\", 'louisiana', 'civil', 'code', '1825.', 'the', 'first', 'final', 'draft', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'submit', 'governor-gener', 'india', 'council', '1837,', 'draft', 'revised.', 'the', 'draft', 'complet', '1850', 'code', 'present', 'legisl', 'council', '1856,', 'take', 'place', 'statut', 'book', 'british', 'india', 'gener', 'later,', 'follow', 'indian', 'rebellion', '1857.', 'the', 'draft', 'underw', 'care', 'revis', 'hand', 'barn', 'peacock,', 'later', 'becam', 'first', 'chief', 'justic', 'calcutta', 'high', 'court,', 'futur', 'puisn', 'judg', 'calcutta', 'high', 'court,', 'member', 'legisl', 'council,', 'pass', 'law', '6', 'octob', '1860.[4]', 'the', 'code', 'came', 'oper', '1', 'januari', '1862.', 'macaulay', 'surviv', 'see', 'masterpiec', 'come', 'force,', 'die', 'near', 'end', '1859.', 'ipc', 'gener', 'essenti', 'form', 'law', 'commiss', 'the', 'object', 'act', 'provid', 'gener', 'penal', 'code', 'india.[5]', 'though', 'initi', 'objective,', 'act', 'repeal', 'penal', 'law', 'forc', 'time', 'come', 'forc', 'india.', 'thi', 'done', 'code', 'contain', 'offenc', 'possibl', 'offenc', 'might', 'still', 'left', 'code,', 'intend', 'exempt', 'penal', 'consequences.', 'though', 'code', 'consolid', 'whole', 'law', 'subject', 'exhaust', 'matter', 'respect', 'declar', 'law,', 'mani', 'penal', 'statut', 'govern', 'variou', 'offenc', 'creat', 'addit', 'code.', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', '1860,', 'sub-divid', '23', 'chapters,', 'compris', '511', 'sections.', 'the', 'code', 'start', 'introduction,', 'provid', 'explan', 'except', 'use', 'it,', 'cover', 'wide', 'rang', 'offences.', 'the', 'outlin', 'present', 'follow', 'table:[6]', 'right', 'privat', 'defenc', '96', '106)', 'variou', 'section', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'controversial.', 'they', 'challeng', 'court', 'claim', 'constitut', 'india.', 'also', 'demand', 'abolit', 'controversi', 'ipc', 'section', 'complet', 'partially.', 'whoever,', 'voluntarili', 'carnal', 'intercours', 'order', 'natur', 'man,', 'woman', 'animal,', 'shall', 'punish', 'imprison', 'life,', 'imprison', 'either', 'descript', 'term', 'may', 'extend', 'ten', 'years,', 'shall', 'also', 'liabl', 'fine.', 'explan', 'penetr', 'suffici', 'constitut', 'carnal', 'intercours', 'necessari', 'offenc', 'describ', 'section.[7]', 'the', 'section', '309', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'deal', 'unsuccess', 'attempt', 'suicide.', 'attempt', 'commit', 'suicid', 'act', 'toward', 'commiss', 'offenc', 'punish', 'imprison', 'one', 'year', 'fine', 'both.', 'consid', 'long-stand', 'demand', 'recommend', 'law', 'commiss', 'india,', 'repeatedli', 'endors', 'repeal', 'section,', 'govern', 'india', 'decemb', '2014', 'decid', 'decriminalis', 'attempt', 'commit', 'suicid', 'drop', 'section', '309', 'ipc', 'statut', 'book.', 'though', 'decis', 'found', 'favour', 'states,', 'other', 'argu', 'would', 'make', 'law', 'enforc', 'agenc', 'helpless', 'peopl', 'resort', 'fast', 'unto', 'death,', 'self-immolation,', 'etc.,', 'point', 'case', 'anti-afspa', 'activist', 'irom', 'chanu', 'sharmila.[12]', 'In', 'februari', '2015,', 'legisl', 'depart', 'ministri', 'law', 'justic', 'ask', 'govern', 'prepar', 'draft', 'amend', 'bill', 'regard.[13]', 'In', 'august', '2015', 'ruling,', 'rajasthan', 'high', 'court', 'made', 'jain', 'practic', 'undertak', 'voluntari', 'death', 'fast', 'end', \"person'\", 'life,', 'known', 'santhara,', 'punish', 'section', '306', '309', 'ipc.', 'thi', 'led', 'controversy,', 'section', 'jain', 'commun', 'urg', 'prime', 'minist', 'move', 'suprem', 'court', 'order.[14][15]on', '31', 'august', '2015,', 'suprem', 'court', 'admit', 'petit', 'akhil', 'bharat', 'varshiya', 'digambar', 'jain', 'parishad', 'grant', 'leave.', 'It', 'stay', 'decis', 'high', 'court', 'lift', 'ban', 'practice.', 'the', 'section', '497', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'criticis', 'one', 'hand', 'allegedli', 'treat', 'woman', 'privat', 'properti', 'husband,', 'hand', 'give', 'women', 'complet', 'protect', 'punish', 'adultery.[16][17]', 'thi', 'section', 'unanim', 'struck', '27th', 'septemb', '2018', 'five', 'judg', 'bench', 'suprem', 'court', 'case', 'joseph', 'shine', 'v.', 'union', 'india', 'unconstitut', 'demean', 'digniti', 'women.', 'adulteri', 'continu', 'ground', 'seek', 'divorc', 'civil', 'court,', 'longer', 'crimin', 'offenc', 'india.', 'section', '120b', 'conspiracy),', '121', 'govern', 'india),', '132', '194', 'evid', 'procur', 'convict', 'capit', 'offence),', '302,', '303', '305', 'suicide),', '364a', 'ransom),', '364a', 'murder),', '376a', 'death', 'penalti', 'punishment.', 'there', 'ongo', 'debat', 'abolish', 'capit', 'punishment.[18]', 'In', '2003,', 'malimath', 'committe', 'submit', 'report', 'recommend', 'sever', 'far-reach', 'penal', 'reform', 'includ', 'separ', 'investig', 'prosecut', 'cp', 'uk)', 'streamlin', 'crimin', 'justic', 'system.[19]', 'the', 'essenc', 'report', 'perceiv', 'need', 'shift', 'adversari', 'inquisitori', 'crimin', 'justic', 'system,', 'base', 'continent', 'european', 'systems.', 'the', 'code', 'amend', 'sever', 'times.[20][21]', 'the', 'code', 'univers', 'acknowledg', 'cogent', 'draft', 'code,', 'ahead', 'time.', 'It', 'substanti', 'surviv', '150', 'year', 'sever', 'jurisdict', 'without', 'major', 'amendments.', 'nichola', 'phillips,', 'justic', 'suprem', 'court', 'unit', 'kingdom', 'applaud', 'efficaci', 'relev', 'ipc', 'commemor', '150', 'year', 'ipc.[22]', 'modern', 'crime', 'involv', 'technolog', 'unheard', \"macaulay'\", 'time', 'fit', 'easili', 'within', 'code[cit', 'needed]', 'mainli', 'broad', \"code'\", 'drafting.', 'some', 'refer', 'specif', 'section', \"dafa'a\", 'hindi-urdu,', 'ipc', 'enter', 'popular', 'speech', 'india,', 'pakistan', 'bangladesh.', 'for', 'instance,', 'con', 'men', 'refer', '420', 'hindi-urdu)', 'section', '420', 'cover', 'cheating.[23]', 'similarly,', 'specif', 'refer', 'section', '302', 'dafā', 'tīn-sau-do', 'ke', 'tehet', 'sazā-e-maut\",', 'death', 'section', '302', 'indian', 'penal', 'code\"),', 'cover', 'death', 'penalty,', 'becom', 'part', 'common', 'knowledg', 'region', 'due', 'repeat', 'mention', 'bollywood', 'movi', 'region', 'pulp', 'literature.[24][25]', 'dafa', '302', 'also', 'name', 'bollywood', 'movi', 'releas', '1975.[26]', 'similarly,', 'shree', '420', 'name', '1955', 'bollywood', 'movi', 'star', 'raj', 'kapoor.[27]', 'chachi', '420', 'bollywood', 'movi', 'releas', '1997', 'star', 'kamal', 'haasan.[28]', 'long', 'titl', 'An', 'act', 'provid', 'gener', 'penal', 'code', 'india', 'act', 'no.', '45', '1860', 'indiaimperi', 'legisl', 'council6', 'octob', '18606', 'octob', '18601', 'januari', '1862first', 'law', 'commissionse', 'amendmentscod', 'crimin', 'procedure,', '1973status:', 'amendedchapt', 'isect', '1', '5introduct', 'chapter', 'iisect', '6', '52gener', 'explan', 'chapter', 'iiisect', '53', '75of', 'punish', 'chapter', 'ivsect', '76', '106gener', 'except', 'right', 'privat', 'defenc', '96', '106)', 'chapter', 'vsection', '107', '120of', 'abet', 'chapter', 'vasect', '120a', '120bcrimin', 'conspiraci', 'chapter', 'visect', '121', '130of', 'offenc', 'state', 'chapter', 'viisect', '131', '140of', 'offenc', 'relat', 'army,', 'navi', 'air', 'forc', 'chapter', 'viiisect', '141', '160of', 'offenc', 'public', 'tranquil', 'chapter', 'ixsect', '161', '171of', 'offenc', 'relat', 'public', 'servant', 'chapter', 'ixasect', '171a', '171iof', 'offenc', 'relat', 'elect', 'chapter', 'xsection', '172', '190of', 'contempt', 'law', 'author', 'public', 'servant', 'chapter', 'xisect', '191', '229of', 'fals', 'evid', 'offenc', 'public', 'justic', 'chapter', 'xiisect', '230', '263of', 'offenc', 'relat', 'coin', 'govern', 'stamp', 'chapter', 'xiiisect', '264', '267of', 'offenc', 'relat', 'weight', 'measur', 'chapter', 'xivsect', '268', '294of', 'offenc', 'affect', 'public', 'health,', 'safety,', 'convenience,', 'decenc', 'morals.', 'chapter', 'xvsection', '295', '298of', 'offenc', 'relat', 'religion', 'chapter', 'xvisect', '299', '377of', 'offenc', 'affect', 'human', 'body.', 'Of', 'offenc', 'affect', 'life', 'includ', 'murder,', 'culpabl', 'homicid', '299', '311)', 'Of', 'caus', 'miscarriage,', 'injuri', 'unborn', 'children,', 'exposur', 'infants,', 'conceal', 'birth', '312', '318)', 'Of', 'hurt', '319', '338)', 'Of', 'wrong', 'restraint', 'wrong', 'confin', '339', '348)', 'Of', 'crimin', 'forc', 'assault', '349', '358)', 'Of', 'kidnapping,', 'abduction,', 'slaveri', 'forc', 'labour', '359', '374)', 'sexual', 'offenc', 'includ', 'rape', 'sodomi', '375', '377)', 'chapter', 'xviisect', '378', '462of', 'offenc', 'against', 'properti', 'Of', 'theft', '378', '382)', 'Of', 'extort', '383', '389)', 'Of', 'robberi', 'dacoiti', '390', '402)', 'Of', 'crimin', 'misappropri', 'properti', '403', '404)', 'Of', 'crimin', 'breach', 'trust', '405', '409)', 'Of', 'receiv', 'stolen', 'properti', '410', '414)', 'Of', 'cheat', '415', '420)', 'Of', 'fraudul', 'deed', 'disposit', 'properti', '421', '424)', 'Of', 'mischief', '425', '440)', 'Of', 'crimin', 'trespass', '441', '462)', 'chapter', 'xviiisect', '463', '489', 'relat', 'document', 'properti', 'mark', 'offenc', 'relat', 'document', '463', '477-a)', 'offenc', 'relat', 'properti', 'other', 'mark', '478', '489)', 'offenc', 'relat', 'currenc', 'note', 'bank', 'note', '489a', '489e)', 'chapter', 'xixsect', '490', '492of', 'crimin', 'breach', 'contract', 'servic', 'chapter', 'xxsection', '493', '498of', 'offenc', 'relat', 'marriag', 'chapter', 'xxasect', '498aof', 'cruelti', 'husband', 'rel', 'husband', 'chapter', 'xxisect', '499', '502of', 'defam', 'chapter', 'xxiisect', '503', '510of', 'crimin', 'intimidation,', 'insult', 'annoy', 'chapter', 'xxiiisect', '511of', 'attempt', 'commit', 'offenc', '1', 'the', 'repeal', 'act,', '1870', '14', '1870', '2', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'amend', 'act,', '1870', '27', '1870', '3', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'amend', 'act,', '1872', '19', '1872', '4', 'the', 'indian', 'oath', 'act,', '1873', '10', '1873', '5', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'amend', 'act,', '1882', '8', '1882', '6', 'the', 'code', 'crimin', 'procedure,', '1882', '10', '1882', '7', 'the', 'indian', 'crimin', 'law', 'amend', 'act,', '1886', '10', '1886', '8', 'the', 'indian', 'marin', 'act,', '1887', '14', '1887', '9', 'the', 'metal', 'token', 'act,', '1889', '1', '1889', '10', 'the', 'indian', 'merchandis', 'mark', 'act,', '1889', '4', '1889', '11', 'the', 'canton', 'act,', '1889', '13', '1889', '12', 'the', 'indian', 'railway', 'act,', '1890', '9', '1890', '13', 'the', 'indian', 'crimin', 'law', 'amend', 'act,', '1891', '10', '1891', '14', 'the', 'amend', 'act,', '1891', '12', '1891', '15', 'the', 'indian', 'crimin', 'law', 'amend', 'act,', '1894', '3', '1894', '16', 'the', 'indian', 'crimin', 'law', 'amend', 'act,', '1895', '3', '1895', '17', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'amend', 'act,', '1896', '6', '1896', '18', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'amend', 'act,', '1898', '4', '1898', '19', 'the', 'currency-not', 'forgeri', 'act,', '1899', '12', '1899', '20', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'amend', 'act,', '1910', '3', '1910', '21', 'the', 'indian', 'crimin', 'law', 'amend', 'act,', '1913', '8', '1913', '22', 'the', 'indian', 'elect', 'offenc', 'inquiri', 'act,', '1920', '39', '1920', '23', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'act,', '1921', '16', '1921', '24', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'act,', '1923', '20', '1923', '25', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'act,', '1924', '5', '1924', '26', 'the', 'indian', 'crimin', 'law', 'amend', 'act,', '1924', '18', '1924', '27', 'the', \"workmen'\", 'breach', 'contract', 'act,', '1925', '3', '1925', '29', 'the', 'obscen', 'public', 'act,', '1925', '8', '1925', '29', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'act,', '1925', '29', '1925', '30', 'the', 'repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '1927', '10', '1927', '31', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'amend', 'act,', '1927', '25', '1927', '32', 'the', 'repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '1930', '8', '1930', '33', 'the', 'indian', 'air', 'forc', 'act,', '1932', '14', '1932', '34', 'the', 'amend', 'act,', '1934', '35', '1934', '35', 'the', 'govern', 'india', 'indian', 'laws)', 'order,', '1937', 'n/a', '1937', '36', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'amend', 'act,', '1939', '22', '1939', '37', 'the', 'offenc', 'ship', 'aircraft', 'act,', '1940', '4', '1940', '38', 'the', 'indian', 'merchandis', 'mark', 'act,', '1941', '2', '1941', '39', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'act,', '1942', '8', '1942', '40', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'act,', '1943', '6', '1943', '41', 'the', 'indian', 'independ', 'central', 'act', 'ordinances)', 'order,', '1948', 'n/a', '1948', '42', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'racial', 'discriminations)', 'act,', '1949', '17', '1949', '43', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'code', 'crimin', 'procedur', 'act,', '1949', '42', '1949', '44', 'the', 'adapt', 'law', 'order,', '1950', 'n/a', '1950', '45', 'the', 'repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '1950', '35', '1950', '46', 'the', 'part', 'B', 'state', 'act,', '1951', '3', '1951', '47', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'amend', 'act,', '1952', '46', '1952', '48', 'the', 'repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '1952', '48', '1952', '49', 'the', 'repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '1953', '42', '1953', '50', 'the', 'code', 'crimin', 'procedur', 'act,', '1955', '26', '1955', '51', 'the', 'adapt', 'law', 'order,', '1956', 'n/a', '1956', '52', 'the', 'repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '1957', '36', '1957', '53', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'amend', 'act,', '1958', '2', '1958', '54', 'the', 'trade', 'merchandis', 'mark', 'act,', '1958', '43', '1958', '55', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'act,', '1959', '52', '1959', '56', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'act,', '1961', '41', '1961', '57', 'the', 'anti-corrupt', 'law', 'act,', '1964', '40', '1964', '58', 'the', 'crimin', 'elect', 'law', 'amend', 'act,', '1969', '35', '1969', '59', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'act,', '1969', '36', '1969', '60', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'act,', '1972', '31', '1972', '61', 'the', \"employees'\", 'provid', 'fund', 'famili', 'pension', 'fund', 'act,', '1973', '40', '1973', '62', 'the', \"employees'\", 'state', 'insur', 'act,', '1975', '38', '1975', '63', 'the', 'elect', 'law', 'act,', '1975', '40', '1975', '64', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'act,', '1983', '43', '1983', '65', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'amendment)', 'act,', '1983', '46', '1983', '66', 'the', 'dowri', 'prohibit', 'act,', '1986', '43', '1986', '67', 'the', \"employees'\", 'provid', 'fund', 'miscellan', 'provis', 'act,', '1988', '33', '1988', '68', 'the', 'prevent', 'corrupt', 'act,', '1988', '49', '1988', '69', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'act,', '1993', '42', '1993', '70', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'act,', '1995', '24', '1995', '71', 'the', 'inform', 'technolog', 'act,', '2000', '21', '2000', '72', 'the', 'elect', 'law', 'act,', '2003', '24', '2003', '73', 'the', 'code', 'crimin', 'procedur', 'act,', '2005', '25', '2005', '74', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'act,', '2005', '2', '2006', '75', 'the', 'inform', 'technolog', 'act,', '2008', '10', '2009', '76', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'act,', '2013', '13', '2013', '77', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'act,', '2018', '2018', 'chapter', 'I', 'chapter', 'II', 'chapter', 'iii', 'chapter', 'IV', 'chapter', 'V', 'chapter', 'VA', 'chapter', 'VI', 'chapter', 'vii', 'chapter', 'viii', 'chapter', 'IX', 'chapter', 'ixa', 'chapter', 'X', 'chapter', 'XI', 'chapter', 'xii', 'chapter', 'xiii', 'chapter', 'xiv', 'chapter', 'XV', 'chapter', 'xvi', 'chapter', 'xvii', 'chapter', 'xviii', 'chapter', 'xix', 'chapter', 'XX', 'chapter', 'xxa', 'chapter', 'xxi', 'chapter', 'xxii', 'chapter', 'xxiii', '120b', 'conspiracy)', '121', 'govern', 'india)', '122', '194', 'evid', 'procur', 'convict', 'capit', 'offence)', '302,', '303', '305', 'suicide)', '364a', 'ransom)', '364a', 'murder)', '376a', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '20', '124a', '294', '299', 'homicide)', '304', 'homicid', 'amount', 'murder)', '309', 'suicide)', '320', 'hurt)', '326a', 'attack)', '326b', 'acid', 'attack)', '377', 'offences)', '420', '497', 'constitut', 'india', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'code', 'crimin', 'procedur', 'act', 'parliament', 'ordin', 'In', 'forcein', 'forc', 'real', 'estat', 'development)', 'act,', '2016', 'consum', 'protect', 'act,', '1986', 'consum', 'protect', 'act,', '2019', 'essenti', 'commod', 'act', 'essenti', 'servic', 'mainten', 'act', 'benami', 'transact', 'act,', '1988', 'black', 'money', 'foreign', 'incom', 'assets)', 'imposit', 'tax', 'act,', '2015', 'prevent', 'corrupt', 'act,', '1988', 'the', 'lokpal', 'lokayukta', 'act,', '2013', 'mine', 'miner', 'regulation)', 'act', 'prevent', 'money', 'launder', 'act,', '2002', 'whistl', 'blower', 'protect', 'act,', '2011', 'arm', 'forc', 'powers)', 'act', 'arm', 'forc', 'tribun', 'act,', '2007', 'arm', 'act,', '1959', 'armi', 'act,', '1950', 'crimin', 'law', 'act,', '2013', 'cigarett', 'other', 'tobacco', 'product', 'act', 'indian', 'evid', 'act', 'juvenil', 'justic', 'protect', 'children)', 'act,', '2015', 'nation', 'secur', 'act', 'protect', 'women', 'domest', 'violenc', 'act,', '2005', 'schedul', 'cast', 'schedul', 'tribe', 'atrocities)', 'act,', '1989', 'indian', 'institut', 'manag', 'act,', '2017', 'institut', 'technolog', 'act,', '1961', 'nation', 'institut', 'technolog', 'act,', '2007', 'right', 'children', 'free', 'compulsori', 'educ', 'act,', '2009', 'univers', 'grant', 'commiss', 'act,', '1956', 'air', 'control', 'pollution)', 'act', 'biolog', 'divers', 'act,', '2002', 'campa', 'bill', 'environ', 'protect', 'act,', '1986', 'indian', 'forest', 'act,', '1927', 'nation', 'green', 'tribun', 'act', 'prevent', 'cruelti', 'anim', 'act', 'protect', 'plant', 'varieti', \"farmers'\", 'right', 'act,', '2001', 'wildlif', 'protect', 'act,', '1972', 'aadhaar', 'deliveri', 'financi', 'subsidies,', 'benefit', 'services)', 'act,', '2016', 'bank', 'regul', 'act,', '1949', 'conserv', 'foreign', 'exchang', 'prevent', 'smuggl', 'activ', 'act', 'depositori', 'act', 'the', 'electr', 'act,', '2003', 'expenditur', 'tax', 'act,', '1987', 'financ', 'act', 'fiscal', 'respons', 'budget', 'manag', 'act,', '2003', 'foreign', 'contribut', 'act,', '2010', 'foreign', 'exchang', 'manag', 'act', 'fugit', 'econom', 'offend', 'act', 'geograph', 'indic', 'good', 'protection)', 'act,', '1999', 'govern', 'secur', 'act,', '2006', 'indian', 'contract', 'act,', '1872', 'indian', 'stamp', 'act,', '1899', 'insolv', 'bankruptci', 'code,', '2016', 'insur', 'act,', '1938', 'negoti', 'instrument', 'act,', '1881', 'secur', 'law', 'act,', '2014', 'securitis', 'reconstruct', 'financi', 'asset', 'enforc', 'secur', 'interest', 'act,', '2002', 'the', 'competit', 'act,', '2002', 'the', 'high', 'denomin', 'bank', 'note', 'act,', '1978', 'the', 'income-tax', 'act,', '1961', 'transfer', 'properti', 'act', '1882', 'urban', 'land', 'regulation)', 'act,', '1976', 'central', 'council', 'homoeopathi', 'act,', '1973', 'clinic', 'establish', 'regulation)', 'act,', '2010', 'dentist', 'act', 'drug', 'cosmet', 'act,', '1940', 'drug', 'magic', 'remedi', 'advertisements)', 'act,', '1954', 'hiv/aid', 'prevent', 'act', 'indian', 'medic', 'council', 'act', 'mental', 'health', 'act,', '1987', 'narcot', 'drug', 'psychotrop', 'substanc', 'act,', '1985', 'mental', 'health', 'care', 'act,', '2017', 'bond', 'labor', 'system', 'act,', '1976', 'factori', 'act,1948,', 'india', 'industri', 'disput', 'act,', '1947', 'interst', 'migrant', 'workmen', 'act', '1979', 'matern', 'benefit', 'act,', '2017', 'minimum', 'wage', 'act', '1948', 'nation', 'rural', 'employ', 'guarante', 'act,', '2005', 'sexual', 'harass', 'women', 'workplac', 'prohibit', 'redressal)', 'act,', '2013', 'unorganis', \"workers'\", 'social', 'secur', 'act', '2008', 'hindu', 'adopt', 'mainten', 'act', 'major', 'act', 'hindu', 'minor', 'guardianship', 'act', 'hindu', 'success', 'act,', '1956', 'special', 'marriag', 'act,', '1954', 'the', 'hindu', 'marriag', 'act,', '1955', 'the', 'indian', 'christian', 'marriag', 'act,', '1872', 'right', 'person', 'disabl', 'act,', '2016', 'child', 'labour', 'regulation)', 'act', 'indec', 'represent', 'women', 'act', 'nation', 'food', 'secur', 'act,', '2013', 'pre-concept', 'pre-nat', 'diagnost', 'techniqu', 'act,', '1994', 'the', 'prohibit', 'child', 'marriag', 'act,', '2006', 'the', 'schedul', 'tribe', 'other', 'tradit', 'forest', 'dweller', 'forest', 'rights)', 'act,', '2006', 'street', 'vendor', 'act,', '2014', 'anti-superstit', 'black', 'magic', 'act', 'the', 'bombay', 'prohibit', 'act,', '1949', 'bombay', 'prohibit', 'amendment)', '2009', 'chhattisgarh', 'food', 'secur', 'act,', '2012', 'karnataka', 'control', 'organis', 'crime', 'act', 'maharashtra', 'control', 'organis', 'crime', 'act', 'punjab', 'control', 'organis', 'crime', 'act', 'the', 'gujarat', 'local', 'author', 'law', 'bill,', '2009', 'puducherri', 'prevent', 'anti-soci', 'activ', 'act', 'andhra', 'pradesh', 'reorganis', 'act,', '2014', 'bihar', 'reorganis', 'act,', '2000', 'jammu', 'kashmir', 'reorganis', 'act,', '2019', 'madhya', 'pradesh', 'reorganis', 'act,', '2000', 'punjab', 'reorganis', 'act,', '1966', 'state', 'reorganis', 'act,', '1956', 'uttar', 'pradesh', 'reorganis', 'act,', '2000', 'anti-hijack', 'act,', '2016', 'unlaw', 'activ', 'act', 'aircraft', 'act', 'motor', 'vehicl', 'act', '1988', 'nation', 'waterway', 'act,', '2016', 'inland', 'vessel', 'act', 'metro', 'railway', 'act,', '1978', 'metro', 'railway', 'act,', '2002', 'charter', 'account', 'act,', '1949', 'compani', 'act', '2013', 'gram', 'nyayalaya', 'act,', '2008', 'indian', 'trust', 'act,', '1882', 'micro,', 'small', 'medim', 'enterpris', 'develop', 'act,', '2006', 'panchayat', 'schedul', 'areas)', 'act', '1996', 'reserv', 'bank', 'india', 'act,', '1934', 'the', 'indian', 'partnership', 'act,', '1932', 'societi', 'registr', 'act,', '1860', 'the', 'limit', 'liabil', 'partnership', 'act,', '2008', 'repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '2015', 'repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '2015', 'repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '2016', 'repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '2017', 'repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '2017', 'all', 'india', 'servic', 'act,', '1951', 'delimit', 'act', 'enemi', 'properti', 'act,', '1968', 'inform', 'technolog', 'act,', '2000', 'nuclear', 'liabil', 'act', 'offici', 'secret', 'act', 'represent', 'peopl', 'act,', '1951', 'right', 'fair', 'compens', 'transpar', 'land', 'acquisition,', 'rehabilit', 'resettl', 'act,', '2013', 'right', 'inform', 'act,', '2005', 'state', 'emblem', 'india', 'improp', 'use)', 'act,', '2005', 'the', 'foreign', 'act,', '1946', 'repealedrep', 'age', 'consent', 'act,', '1891', 'cast', 'disabl', 'remov', 'act,', '1850', 'crimin', 'tribe', 'act', 'hindu', \"widows'\", 'remarriag', 'act,', '1856', 'english', 'educ', 'act', '1835', 'prevent', 'sediti', 'meet', 'act,', '1907', 'anti-copi', 'act,', '1992', 'foreign', 'exchang', 'regul', 'act', 'gift', 'tax', 'act,', '1958', 'illeg', 'migrant', 'tribunal)', 'act,', '1983', 'interest', 'tax', 'act,', '1974', 'mainten', 'intern', 'secur', 'act', 'prevent', 'terror', 'act,', '2002', 'terrorist', 'disrupt', 'activ', 'act', 'the', 'gold', 'act,', '1968', 'the', 'muslim', 'women', 'right', 'divorce)', 'act', '1986', 'wealth', 'tax', 'act,', '1957', 'billsbil', 'citizenship', 'amend', 'bill', '2016', 'foreign', 'educ', 'provid', 'bill,', '2013', 'geospati', 'inform', 'regul', 'bill', 'gujarat', 'control', 'organis', 'crime', 'act', 'marriag', 'law', 'amend', 'bill', 'uniform', 'civil', 'code', 'surrogaci', 'bill,', '2019', 'transgend', 'person', 'rights)', 'bill,', '2019', 'judg', 'asset', 'bill', \"women'\", 'reserv', 'bill', 'citizenship', 'amend', 'bill', '2016', 'An', 'act', 'provid', 'gener', 'penal', 'code', 'india', '1', 'history2', 'objective3', 'structure4', 'controversi', '4.1', 'unnatur', 'offenc', 'section', '377', '4.2', 'attempt', 'commit', 'suicid', 'section', '309', '4.3', 'adulteri', 'section', '497', '4.4', 'death', 'penalti', 'punishment)', '4.1', 'unnatur', 'offenc', 'section', '3774.2', 'attempt', 'commit', 'suicid', 'section', '3094.3', 'adulteri', 'section', '4974.4', 'death', 'penalti', 'punishment)5', 'crimin', 'justic', 'reforms6', 'amendments7', 'acclaim8', 'cultur', 'references9', 'see', 'also10', 'references11', 'further', 'reading12', 'extern', 'linksof', 'offenc', 'affect', 'life', 'includ', 'murder,', 'culpabl', 'homicid', '299', '311)of', 'caus', 'miscarriage,', 'injuri', 'unborn', 'children,', 'exposur', 'infants,', 'conceal', 'birth', '312', '318)of', 'hurt', '319', '338)of', 'wrong', 'restraint', 'wrong', 'confin', '339', '348)of', 'crimin', 'forc', 'assault', '349', '358)of', 'kidnapping,', 'abduction,', 'slaveri', 'forc', 'labour', '359', '374)sexual', 'offenc', 'includ', 'rape', 'sodomi', '375', '377)of', 'theft', '378', '382)of', 'extort', '383', '389)of', 'robberi', 'dacoiti', '390', '402)of', 'crimin', 'misappropri', 'properti', '403', '404)of', 'crimin', 'breach', 'trust', '405', '409)of', 'receiv', 'stolen', 'properti', '410', '414)of', 'cheat', '415', '420)of', 'fraudul', 'deed', 'disposit', 'properti', '421', '424)of', 'mischief', '425', '440)of', 'crimin', 'trespass', '441', '462)offenc', 'relat', 'document', '463', '477-a)off', 'relat', 'properti', 'other', 'mark', '478', '489)offenc', 'relat', 'currenc', 'note', 'bank', 'note', '489a', '489e)sect', '377', 'the', 'delhi', 'high', 'court', '2', 'juli', '2009', 'gave', 'liber', 'interpret', 'section', 'laid', 'section', 'use', 'punish', 'act', 'consensu', 'sexual', 'intercours', 'two', 'sex', 'individuals.[8]on', '11', 'decemb', '2013,', 'suprem', 'court', 'india', 'over-rul', 'judgment', 'given', 'delhi', 'high', 'court', '2009', 'clarifi', '377,', 'hold', 'same-sex', 'relat', 'unnatural,', 'suffer', 'unconstitutionality\".', 'the', 'bench', 'said:', 'hold', 'section', '377', 'suffer', 'unconstitution', 'declar', 'made', 'divis', 'bench', 'high', 'court', 'legal', 'unsustainable.\"', 'it,', 'however,', 'said:', 'verdict,', 'compet', 'legislatur', 'shall', 'free', 'consid', 'desir', 'proprieti', 'delet', 'section', '377', 'statut', 'book', 'amend', 'per', 'suggest', 'made', 'attorney-gener', 'g.e.', 'vahanvati.\"[9]on', '8', 'januari', '2018,', 'suprem', 'court', 'agre', 'reconsid', '2013', 'decis', 'much', 'deliber', 'agre', 'decriminalis', 'part', 'section', '377', 'criminalis', 'sex', 'relat', '6', 'septemb', '2018.', 'the', 'judgement', 'suresh', 'kumar', 'koushal', 'v.', 'naz', 'foundat', 'overruled.[11]civil', 'procedur', 'code,', '1908code', 'crimin', 'procedure,', '1973indian', 'evid', 'actcategory:indian', 'penal', 'code', 'sections^', \"universal'\", 'guid', 'judici', 'servic', 'examination.', 'univers', 'law', 'publishing.', 'p.', '2.', 'isbn', '978-93-5035-029-4..mw-parser-output', 'cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output', 'q{quotes:\"\\\\\"\"\"\\\\\"\"\"\\'\"\"\\'\"}.mw-parser-output', 'a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/lock-green.svg/9px-lock-green.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', 'center}.mw-parser-output', 'a,.mw-parser-output', 'a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', 'center}.mw-parser-output', 'a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-lock-red-alt-2.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', 'center}.mw-parser-output', 'span,.mw-parser-output', 'span{border-bottom:1px', 'dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output', 'a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/wikisource-logo.svg/12px-wikisource-logo.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', 'center}.mw-parser-output', 'code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output', 'lal', 'kalla,', 'krishan', 'the', 'literari', 'heritag', 'kashmir.', 'jammu', 'kashmir:', 'mittal', 'publications.', 'p.', '75.', 'retriev', '19', 'septemb', '2014.', 'commiss', 'india', 'earli', 'beginnings\".', 'law', 'commiss', 'india.', 'retriev', '19', 'septemb', '2014.', 'introduct', 'ipc', 'ipc', 'ipc', 'pdf)\".', 'b.m.gandhi.', 'indian', 'panel', 'code', 'ed.).', 'ebc.', 'pp.', '1–832.', 'isbn', '978-81-7012-892-2.', 'b.m.gandhi.', 'indian', 'penal', 'code.', 'ebc.', 'pp.', '1–796.', 'isbn', '978-81-7012-892-2.', 'high', 'court', 'strike', 'section', '377', 'ipc\".', 'the', 'hindu.', '3', 'juli', '2009.', 'issn', '0971-751x.', 'retriev', '24', 'septemb', '2018.', 'venkatesan,', 'J.', 'decemb', '2013).', 'court', 'set', 'asid', 'delhi', 'HC', 'verdict', 'decriminalis', 'gay', 'sex\".', 'the', 'hindu.', 'issn', '0971-751x.', 'retriev', '24', 'septemb', '2018.', 'decriminalis', 'section', '377:', 'A', 'timelin', 'case\".', 'time', 'india.', '6', 'septemb', '2018.', 'retriev', '7', 'septemb', '2018.', \"court'\", 'decis', 'section', '377:', 'separ', 'decis', '5', 'judg', 'judgement]\".', 'www.lawji.in.', 'retriev', '9', 'septemb', '2018.', 'decrimin', 'attempt', 'commit', 'suicide,', 'remov', 'section', '309\".', 'the', 'time', 'india.', '10', 'decemb', '2014.', 'retriev', '15', 'august', '2015.', 'suicide\".', 'press', 'inform', 'bureau.', 'ministri', 'home', 'affairs,', 'govern', 'india.', 'retriev', '15', 'august', '2015.', 'HC', 'say', 'santhara', 'illegal,', 'jain', 'saint', 'want', 'PM', 'modi', 'move', 'sc\".', 'the', 'indian', 'express.', 'retriev', '15', 'august', '2015.', 'HC', 'ban', 'starvat', 'ritual', 'say', 'fast', 'unto', 'death', 'essenti', 'tenet', 'jainism\".', 'ibn', 'live.', 'cnn-ibn.', '10', 'august', '2015.', 'retriev', '15', 'august', '2015.', 'privat', 'property,', 'trespassing\".', 'the', 'time', 'india.', '17', 'juli', '2015.', 'retriev', '15', 'august', '2015.', 'law', 'bias', 'men,', 'say', 'suprem', 'court\".', 'the', 'time', 'india.', '3', 'decemb', '2011.', 'retriev', '15', 'august', '2015.', 'abrams,', 'corinn', 'septemb', '2015).', 'reason', \"india'\", 'law', 'commiss', 'say', 'death', 'penalti', 'should', 'Be', 'scrapped\".', 'reform', 'committe', 'recommend', 'separ', 'investig', 'prosecut', 'power', 'retriev', '23', 'may', '2012.', 'parliament', 'india.', 'indian', 'penal', 'code\"', 'childlineindia.org.in.', 'retriev', '7', 'june', '2015.', 'thi', 'articl', 'incorpor', 'text', 'source,', 'public', 'domain.', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code,', '1860.', 'current', 'publications.', '7', 'may', '2015.', 'retriev', '8', 'june', '2015.', 'endur', 'lauded\".', 'the', 'new', 'indian', 'express.', 'retriev', '24', 'septemb', '2018.', 'henri', 'scholberg', 'the', 'return', 'raj:', 'novel,', 'northstar', 'publications,', '1992,', 'peopl', 'saying,', 'plu', 'four', 'equal', 'char', 'sau', \"bees.'\", 'char', 'sou', 'bee', '420', 'number', 'law', 'counterfeit', 'star', 'plus,', 'the', 'great', 'indian', 'laughter', 'challeng', 'joke', 'book,', 'popular', 'prakashan,', 'isbn', '978-81-7991-343-7,', 'tazeerat-e-hind,', 'dafa', '302', 'ke', 'tahat,', 'mujrim', 'ko', 'maut', 'ki', 'saza', 'sunai', 'jaati', 'hai', 'alok', 'tomar;', 'monisha', 'shah;', 'jonathan', 'lynn', 'Ji', 'mantriji:', 'the', 'diari', 'shri', 'suryaprakash', 'singh,', 'penguin', 'book', 'associ', 'bbc', 'worldwide,', '2001,', 'isbn', '978-0-14-302767-6,', \"we'd\", 'death', 'penalti', 'back', 'tomorrow.', 'dafa', '302,', 'taaziraat-e-hind', 'hung', 'neck', 'death', 'D.', 'P.', 'mishra', 'septemb', '2006),', 'great', 'master', 'indian', 'cinema:', 'dadasaheb', 'phalk', 'award', 'winnersgreat', 'master', 'indian', 'cinema', 'series,', 'public', 'division,', 'ministri', 'inform', 'broadcasting,', 'govern', 'india,', '2006,', 'isbn', '978-81-230-1361-9,', 'badti', 'Ka', 'naam', 'dadhi', '1975),', 'chhoti', 'Si', 'baat', '1975),', 'dafa', '302', '1', '975),', 'chori', 'mera', 'kaam', '1975),', 'Ek', 'mahal', 'Ho', 'sapnon', 'Ka', '420\"', 'via', 'www.imdb.com.', 'haasan,', 'kamal;', 'puri,', 'amrish;', 'puri,', 'om;', 'tabu', 'decemb', '1997),', 'chachi', '420,', 'retriev', '3', 'april', '2017', 'c.k.takwani', 'indian', 'penal', 'code.', 'eastern', 'book', 'company.murlidhar', 'chaturvedi', 'bhartiya', 'dand', 'sanhita,1860.', 'ebc.', 'isbn', '978-93-5028-140-6.surend', 'malik;', 'sudeep', 'malik', 'suprem', 'court', 'penal', 'code.', 'ebc.', 'isbn', '978-93-5145-218-8.constitut', 'indiadownload', 'constitut', 'Of', 'india', 'free', 'In', 'hindi', 'englishindian', 'penal', 'code', '1860i.p.c', 'friendly)vtechapt', 'ichapt', 'iichapt', 'iiichapt', 'ivchapt', 'vchapter', 'vachapt', 'vichapt', 'viichapt', 'viiichapt', 'ixchapt', 'ixachapt', 'xchapter', 'xichapt', 'xiichapt', 'xiiichapt', 'xivchapt', 'xvchapter', 'xvichapt', 'xviichapt', 'xviiichapt', 'xixchapt', 'xxchapter', 'xxachapt', 'xxichapt', 'xxiichapt', 'xxiii120b', 'conspiracy)121', 'govern', 'india)122', 'evid', 'procur', 'convict', 'capit', 'offence)302,', '303', 'suicide)364a', 'ransom)364a', 'murder)376a', 'homicide)304', 'homicid', 'amount', 'murder)309', 'suicide)320', 'hurt)326a', 'attack)326b', 'acid', 'attack)377', 'offences)420497', 'india', 'penal', 'codecod', 'crimin', 'procedur', 'parliamentordinancer', 'estat', 'development)', 'act,', '2016consum', 'protect', 'act,', '1986consum', 'protect', 'act,', '2019essenti', 'commod', 'actessenti', 'servic', 'mainten', 'actbenami', 'transact', 'act,', '1988black', 'money', 'foreign', 'incom', 'assets)', 'imposit', 'tax', 'act,', '2015prevent', 'corrupt', 'act,', '1988the', 'lokpal', 'lokayukta', 'act,', '2013mine', 'miner', 'regulation)', 'actprevent', 'money', 'launder', 'act,', '2002whistl', 'blower', 'protect', 'act,', '2011arm', 'forc', 'powers)', 'actarm', 'forc', 'tribun', 'act,', '2007arm', 'act,', '1959armi', 'act,', '1950crimin', 'law', 'act,', '2013cigarett', 'other', 'tobacco', 'product', 'actindian', 'evid', 'actjuvenil', 'justic', 'protect', 'children)', 'act,', '2015nation', 'secur', 'act', 'women', 'domest', 'violenc', 'act,', '2005schedul', 'cast', 'schedul', 'tribe', 'atrocities)', 'act,', '1989indian', 'institut', 'manag', 'act,', '2017institut', 'technolog', 'act,', '1961nation', 'institut', 'technolog', 'act,', '2007right', 'children', 'free', 'compulsori', 'educ', 'act,', '2009univers', 'grant', 'commiss', 'act,', '1956air', 'control', 'pollution)', 'actbiolog', 'divers', 'act,', '2002campa', 'billenviron', 'protect', 'act,', '1986indian', 'forest', 'act,', '1927nation', 'green', 'tribun', 'actprevent', 'cruelti', 'anim', 'actprotect', 'plant', 'varieti', \"farmers'\", 'right', 'act,', '2001wildlif', 'protect', 'act,', '1972aadhaar', 'deliveri', 'financi', 'subsidies,', 'benefit', 'services)', 'act,', '2016bank', 'regul', 'act,', '1949conserv', 'foreign', 'exchang', 'prevent', 'smuggl', 'activ', 'actdepositori', 'actth', 'electr', 'act,', '2003expenditur', 'tax', 'act,', '1987financ', 'act', 'respons', 'budget', 'manag', 'act,', '2003foreign', 'contribut', 'act,', '2010foreign', 'exchang', 'manag', 'actfugit', 'econom', 'offend', 'actgeograph', 'indic', 'good', 'protection)', 'act,', '1999govern', 'secur', 'act,', '2006indian', 'contract', 'act,', '1872indian', 'stamp', 'act,', '1899insolv', 'bankruptci', 'code,', '2016insur', 'act,', '1938negoti', 'instrument', 'act,', '1881secur', 'law', 'act,', '2014securitis', 'reconstruct', 'financi', 'asset', 'enforc', 'secur', 'interest', 'act,', '2002the', 'competit', 'act,', '2002the', 'high', 'denomin', 'bank', 'note', 'act,', '1978the', 'income-tax', 'act,', '1961transfer', 'properti', 'act', '1882urban', 'land', 'regulation)', 'act,', '1976central', 'council', 'homoeopathi', 'act,', '1973clinic', 'establish', 'regulation)', 'act,', '2010dentist', 'actdrug', 'cosmet', 'act,', '1940drug', 'magic', 'remedi', 'advertisements)', 'act,', '1954hiv/aid', 'prevent', 'actindian', 'medic', 'council', 'actment', 'health', 'act,', '1987narcot', 'drug', 'psychotrop', 'substanc', 'act,', '1985mental', 'health', 'care', 'act,', '2017bond', 'labor', 'system', 'act,', '1976factori', 'act,1948,', 'indiaindustri', 'disput', 'act,', '1947interst', 'migrant', 'workmen', 'act', '1979matern', 'benefit', 'act,', '2017minimum', 'wage', 'act', '1948nation', 'rural', 'employ', 'guarante', 'act,', '2005sexual', 'harass', 'women', 'workplac', 'prohibit', 'redressal)', 'act,', '2013unorganis', \"workers'\", 'social', 'secur', 'act', '2008hindu', 'adopt', 'mainten', 'act', 'act', 'minor', 'guardianship', 'acthindu', 'success', 'act,', '1956special', 'marriag', 'act,', '1954the', 'hindu', 'marriag', 'act,', '1955the', 'indian', 'christian', 'marriag', 'act,', '1872right', 'person', 'disabl', 'act,', '2016child', 'labour', 'regulation)', 'actindec', 'represent', 'women', 'actnat', 'food', 'secur', 'act,', '2013pre-concept', 'pre-nat', 'diagnost', 'techniqu', 'act,', '1994the', 'prohibit', 'child', 'marriag', 'act,', '2006the', 'schedul', 'tribe', 'other', 'tradit', 'forest', 'dweller', 'forest', 'rights)', 'act,', '2006street', 'vendor', 'act,', '2014anti-superstit', 'black', 'magic', 'actth', 'bombay', 'prohibit', 'act,', '1949bombay', 'prohibit', 'amendment)', '2009chhattisgarh', 'food', 'secur', 'act,', '2012karnataka', 'control', 'organis', 'crime', 'actmaharashtra', 'control', 'organis', 'crime', 'actpunjab', 'control', 'organis', 'crime', 'actth', 'gujarat', 'local', 'author', 'law', 'bill,', '2009puducherri', 'prevent', 'anti-soci', 'activ', 'actandhra', 'pradesh', 'reorganis', 'act,', '2014bihar', 'reorganis', 'act,', '2000jammu', 'kashmir', 'reorganis', 'act,', '2019madhya', 'pradesh', 'reorganis', 'act,', '2000punjab', 'reorganis', 'act,', '1966state', 'reorganis', 'act,', '1956uttar', 'pradesh', 'reorganis', 'act,', '2000anti-hijack', 'act,', '2016unlaw', 'activ', 'actaircraft', 'actmotor', 'vehicl', 'act', '19881988nation', 'waterway', 'act,', '2016inland', 'vessel', 'actmetro', 'railway', 'act,', '1978metro', 'railway', 'act,', '2002charter', 'account', 'act,', '1949compani', 'act', '2013gram', 'nyayalaya', 'act,', '2008indian', 'trust', 'act,', '1882micro,', 'small', 'medim', 'enterpris', 'develop', 'act,', '2006panchayat', 'schedul', 'areas)', 'act', '1996reserv', 'bank', 'india', 'act,', '1934the', 'indian', 'partnership', 'act,', '1932societi', 'registr', 'act,', '1860the', 'limit', 'liabil', 'partnership', 'act,', '2008repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '2015repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '2015repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '2016repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '2017repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '2017all', 'india', 'servic', 'act,', '1951delimit', 'actenemi', 'properti', 'act,', '1968inform', 'technolog', 'act,', '2000nuclear', 'liabil', 'actoffici', 'secret', 'act', 'peopl', 'act,', '1951right', 'fair', 'compens', 'transpar', 'land', 'acquisition,', 'rehabilit', 'resettl', 'act,', '2013right', 'inform', 'act,', '2005state', 'emblem', 'india', 'improp', 'use)', 'act,', '2005the', 'foreign', 'act,', '1946age', 'consent', 'act,', '1891cast', 'disabl', 'remov', 'act,', '1850crimin', 'tribe', 'acthindu', \"widows'\", 'remarriag', 'act,', '1856english', 'educ', 'act', '1835prevent', 'sediti', 'meet', 'act,', '1907anti-copi', 'act,', '1992foreign', 'exchang', 'regul', 'actgift', 'tax', 'act,', '1958illeg', 'migrant', 'tribunal)', 'act,', '1983interest', 'tax', 'act,', '1974mainten', 'intern', 'secur', 'actprevent', 'terror', 'act,', '2002terrorist', 'disrupt', 'activ', 'actth', 'gold', 'act,', '1968the', 'muslim', 'women', 'right', 'divorce)', 'act', '1986wealth', 'tax', 'act,', '1957citizenship', 'amend', 'bill', '2016foreign', 'educ', 'provid', 'bill,', '2013geospati', 'inform', 'regul', 'billgujarat', 'control', 'organis', 'crime', 'actmarriag', 'law', 'amend', 'billuniform', 'civil', 'codesurrogaci', 'bill,', '2019transgend', 'person', 'rights)', 'bill,', '2019judg', 'asset', \"billwomen'\", 'reserv', 'billcitizenship', 'amend', 'bill', '2016indian', 'penal', 'codeact', 'parliament', 'indialegisl', 'british', 'indiacrimin', 'codes1860', 'british', 'law1860', 'law1860', 'indiaus', 'dmi', 'date', 'june', '2016use', 'indian', 'english', 'june', '2016all', 'wikipedia', 'articl', 'written', 'indian', 'englishpag', 'use', 'collaps', 'list', 'background', 'text-align', 'titlestylepag', 'use', 'deprec', 'paramet', 'legisl', 'infoboxal', 'articl', 'unsourc', 'statementsarticl', 'unsourc', 'statement', 'decemb', '2010not', 'log', 'intalkcontributionscr', 'accountlog', 'inarticletalkreadeditview', 'historymain', 'pagecontentsfeatur', 'contentcurr', 'eventsrandom', 'articledon', 'wikipediawikipedia', 'storehelpabout', 'wikipediacommun', 'portalrec', 'changescontact', 'pagewhat', 'link', 'hererel', 'changesupload', 'filespeci', 'pagesperman', 'linkpag', 'informationwikidata', 'itemcit', 'pagecr', 'bookdownload', 'pdfprintabl', 'versionঅসমীয়াবাংলাગુજરાતીहिन्दीbahasa', 'indonesiaമലയാളംमराठीଓଡ଼ିଆਪੰਜਾਬੀsimpl', 'englishதமிழ்తెలుగుاردو', 'thi', 'page', 'last', 'edit', '5', 'octob', '2019,', '21:36', 'avail', 'creativ', 'common', 'attribution-sharealik', 'license;', 'addit', 'term', 'may', 'apply.', 'By', 'use', 'site,', 'agre', 'term', 'use', 'privaci', 'policy.', 'wikipedia®', 'regist', 'trademark', 'wikimedia', 'foundation,', 'inc.,', 'non-profit', 'organization.privaci', 'policyabout', 'wikipediadisclaimerscontact', 'wikipediadeveloperscooki', 'statementmobil', 'view']\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ePkVKiTAVZzR",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "**LEMMATIZATION**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "BhFGd8eFIFmM",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "95504968-7f93-4861-b36d-c75dca1b9800",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 55
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "lemmatizer = WordNetLemmatizer()\n",
        "\n",
        "filtered_tokens_3 = list(map(lambda token: lemmatizer.lemmatize(token), filtered_tokens_2))\n",
        "print(filtered_tokens_3)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "['the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'offici', 'crimin', 'code', 'india.', 'It', 'comprehens', 'code', 'intend', 'cover', 'substant', 'aspect', 'crimin', 'law.', 'the', 'code', 'draft', '1860', 'recommend', 'first', 'law', 'commiss', 'india', 'establish', '1834', 'charter', 'act', '1833', 'chairmanship', 'lord', 'thoma', 'babington', 'macaulay.[1][2][3]', 'It', 'came', 'forc', 'british', 'india', 'earli', 'british', 'raj', 'period', '1862.', 'however,', 'appli', 'automat', 'princ', 'states,', 'court', 'legal', 'system', '1940s.', 'the', 'code', 'sinc', 'amend', 'sever', 'time', 'supplement', 'crimin', 'provisions.', 'after', 'partit', 'british', 'indian', 'empire,', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'inherit', 'successor', 'states,', 'dominion', 'india', 'dominion', 'pakistan,', 'continu', 'independ', 'pakistan', 'penal', 'code.', 'the', 'ranbir', 'penal', 'code', 'applic', 'jammu', 'kashmir', 'also', 'base', 'code,', 'however,', 'success', 'passag', 'jammu', 'kashmir', 'reorganis', 'bill,', '2019', 'rajya', 'sabha', 'lok', 'sabha', 'respectively,', 'ranbir', 'penal', 'code', 'repeal', '31', 'octob', '2019,', 'henceforth', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'extend', 'region', 'aforement', 'date.', 'after', 'separ', 'bangladesh', 'pakistan,', 'code', 'continu', 'forc', 'there.', 'the', 'code', 'also', 'adopt', 'british', 'coloni', 'author', 'coloni', 'burma,', 'ceylon', 'sri', 'lanka),', 'strait', 'settlement', 'part', 'malaysia),', 'singapor', 'brunei,', 'remain', 'basi', 'crimin', 'code', 'countries.', 'the', 'draft', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'prepar', 'first', 'law', 'commission,', 'chair', 'thoma', 'babington', 'macaulay', '1834', 'submit', 'governor-gener', 'india', 'council', '1835.', 'it', 'basi', 'law', 'england', 'freed', 'superfluities,', 'technic', 'local', 'peculiarities.', 'element', 'also', 'deriv', 'napoleon', 'code', 'edward', \"livingston'\", 'louisiana', 'civil', 'code', '1825.', 'the', 'first', 'final', 'draft', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'submit', 'governor-gener', 'india', 'council', '1837,', 'draft', 'revised.', 'the', 'draft', 'complet', '1850', 'code', 'present', 'legisl', 'council', '1856,', 'take', 'place', 'statut', 'book', 'british', 'india', 'gener', 'later,', 'follow', 'indian', 'rebellion', '1857.', 'the', 'draft', 'underw', 'care', 'revis', 'hand', 'barn', 'peacock,', 'later', 'becam', 'first', 'chief', 'justic', 'calcutta', 'high', 'court,', 'futur', 'puisn', 'judg', 'calcutta', 'high', 'court,', 'member', 'legisl', 'council,', 'pas', 'law', '6', 'octob', '1860.[4]', 'the', 'code', 'came', 'oper', '1', 'januari', '1862.', 'macaulay', 'surviv', 'see', 'masterpiec', 'come', 'force,', 'die', 'near', 'end', '1859.', 'ipc', 'gener', 'essenti', 'form', 'law', 'commiss', 'the', 'object', 'act', 'provid', 'gener', 'penal', 'code', 'india.[5]', 'though', 'initi', 'objective,', 'act', 'repeal', 'penal', 'law', 'forc', 'time', 'come', 'forc', 'india.', 'thi', 'done', 'code', 'contain', 'offenc', 'possibl', 'offenc', 'might', 'still', 'left', 'code,', 'intend', 'exempt', 'penal', 'consequences.', 'though', 'code', 'consolid', 'whole', 'law', 'subject', 'exhaust', 'matter', 'respect', 'declar', 'law,', 'mani', 'penal', 'statut', 'govern', 'variou', 'offenc', 'creat', 'addit', 'code.', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', '1860,', 'sub-divid', '23', 'chapters,', 'compris', '511', 'sections.', 'the', 'code', 'start', 'introduction,', 'provid', 'explan', 'except', 'use', 'it,', 'cover', 'wide', 'rang', 'offences.', 'the', 'outlin', 'present', 'follow', 'table:[6]', 'right', 'privat', 'defenc', '96', '106)', 'variou', 'section', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'controversial.', 'they', 'challeng', 'court', 'claim', 'constitut', 'india.', 'also', 'demand', 'abolit', 'controversi', 'ipc', 'section', 'complet', 'partially.', 'whoever,', 'voluntarili', 'carnal', 'intercours', 'order', 'natur', 'man,', 'woman', 'animal,', 'shall', 'punish', 'imprison', 'life,', 'imprison', 'either', 'descript', 'term', 'may', 'extend', 'ten', 'years,', 'shall', 'also', 'liabl', 'fine.', 'explan', 'penetr', 'suffici', 'constitut', 'carnal', 'intercours', 'necessari', 'offenc', 'describ', 'section.[7]', 'the', 'section', '309', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'deal', 'unsuccess', 'attempt', 'suicide.', 'attempt', 'commit', 'suicid', 'act', 'toward', 'commiss', 'offenc', 'punish', 'imprison', 'one', 'year', 'fine', 'both.', 'consid', 'long-stand', 'demand', 'recommend', 'law', 'commiss', 'india,', 'repeatedli', 'endors', 'repeal', 'section,', 'govern', 'india', 'decemb', '2014', 'decid', 'decriminalis', 'attempt', 'commit', 'suicid', 'drop', 'section', '309', 'ipc', 'statut', 'book.', 'though', 'decis', 'found', 'favour', 'states,', 'other', 'argu', 'would', 'make', 'law', 'enforc', 'agenc', 'helpless', 'peopl', 'resort', 'fast', 'unto', 'death,', 'self-immolation,', 'etc.,', 'point', 'case', 'anti-afspa', 'activist', 'irom', 'chanu', 'sharmila.[12]', 'In', 'februari', '2015,', 'legisl', 'depart', 'ministri', 'law', 'justic', 'ask', 'govern', 'prepar', 'draft', 'amend', 'bill', 'regard.[13]', 'In', 'august', '2015', 'ruling,', 'rajasthan', 'high', 'court', 'made', 'jain', 'practic', 'undertak', 'voluntari', 'death', 'fast', 'end', \"person'\", 'life,', 'known', 'santhara,', 'punish', 'section', '306', '309', 'ipc.', 'thi', 'led', 'controversy,', 'section', 'jain', 'commun', 'urg', 'prime', 'minist', 'move', 'suprem', 'court', 'order.[14][15]on', '31', 'august', '2015,', 'suprem', 'court', 'admit', 'petit', 'akhil', 'bharat', 'varshiya', 'digambar', 'jain', 'parishad', 'grant', 'leave.', 'It', 'stay', 'decis', 'high', 'court', 'lift', 'ban', 'practice.', 'the', 'section', '497', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'criticis', 'one', 'hand', 'allegedli', 'treat', 'woman', 'privat', 'properti', 'husband,', 'hand', 'give', 'woman', 'complet', 'protect', 'punish', 'adultery.[16][17]', 'thi', 'section', 'unanim', 'struck', '27th', 'septemb', '2018', 'five', 'judg', 'bench', 'suprem', 'court', 'case', 'joseph', 'shine', 'v.', 'union', 'india', 'unconstitut', 'demean', 'digniti', 'women.', 'adulteri', 'continu', 'ground', 'seek', 'divorc', 'civil', 'court,', 'longer', 'crimin', 'offenc', 'india.', 'section', '120b', 'conspiracy),', '121', 'govern', 'india),', '132', '194', 'evid', 'procur', 'convict', 'capit', 'offence),', '302,', '303', '305', 'suicide),', '364a', 'ransom),', '364a', 'murder),', '376a', 'death', 'penalti', 'punishment.', 'there', 'ongo', 'debat', 'abolish', 'capit', 'punishment.[18]', 'In', '2003,', 'malimath', 'committe', 'submit', 'report', 'recommend', 'sever', 'far-reach', 'penal', 'reform', 'includ', 'separ', 'investig', 'prosecut', 'cp', 'uk)', 'streamlin', 'crimin', 'justic', 'system.[19]', 'the', 'essenc', 'report', 'perceiv', 'need', 'shift', 'adversari', 'inquisitori', 'crimin', 'justic', 'system,', 'base', 'continent', 'european', 'systems.', 'the', 'code', 'amend', 'sever', 'times.[20][21]', 'the', 'code', 'univers', 'acknowledg', 'cogent', 'draft', 'code,', 'ahead', 'time.', 'It', 'substanti', 'surviv', '150', 'year', 'sever', 'jurisdict', 'without', 'major', 'amendments.', 'nichola', 'phillips,', 'justic', 'suprem', 'court', 'unit', 'kingdom', 'applaud', 'efficaci', 'relev', 'ipc', 'commemor', '150', 'year', 'ipc.[22]', 'modern', 'crime', 'involv', 'technolog', 'unheard', \"macaulay'\", 'time', 'fit', 'easili', 'within', 'code[cit', 'needed]', 'mainli', 'broad', \"code'\", 'drafting.', 'some', 'refer', 'specif', 'section', \"dafa'a\", 'hindi-urdu,', 'ipc', 'enter', 'popular', 'speech', 'india,', 'pakistan', 'bangladesh.', 'for', 'instance,', 'con', 'men', 'refer', '420', 'hindi-urdu)', 'section', '420', 'cover', 'cheating.[23]', 'similarly,', 'specif', 'refer', 'section', '302', 'dafā', 'tīn-sau-do', 'ke', 'tehet', 'sazā-e-maut\",', 'death', 'section', '302', 'indian', 'penal', 'code\"),', 'cover', 'death', 'penalty,', 'becom', 'part', 'common', 'knowledg', 'region', 'due', 'repeat', 'mention', 'bollywood', 'movi', 'region', 'pulp', 'literature.[24][25]', 'dafa', '302', 'also', 'name', 'bollywood', 'movi', 'releas', '1975.[26]', 'similarly,', 'shree', '420', 'name', '1955', 'bollywood', 'movi', 'star', 'raj', 'kapoor.[27]', 'chachi', '420', 'bollywood', 'movi', 'releas', '1997', 'star', 'kamal', 'haasan.[28]', 'long', 'titl', 'An', 'act', 'provid', 'gener', 'penal', 'code', 'india', 'act', 'no.', '45', '1860', 'indiaimperi', 'legisl', 'council6', 'octob', '18606', 'octob', '18601', 'januari', '1862first', 'law', 'commissionse', 'amendmentscod', 'crimin', 'procedure,', '1973status:', 'amendedchapt', 'isect', '1', '5introduct', 'chapter', 'iisect', '6', '52gener', 'explan', 'chapter', 'iiisect', '53', '75of', 'punish', 'chapter', 'ivsect', '76', '106gener', 'except', 'right', 'privat', 'defenc', '96', '106)', 'chapter', 'vsection', '107', '120of', 'abet', 'chapter', 'vasect', '120a', '120bcrimin', 'conspiraci', 'chapter', 'visect', '121', '130of', 'offenc', 'state', 'chapter', 'viisect', '131', '140of', 'offenc', 'relat', 'army,', 'navi', 'air', 'forc', 'chapter', 'viiisect', '141', '160of', 'offenc', 'public', 'tranquil', 'chapter', 'ixsect', '161', '171of', 'offenc', 'relat', 'public', 'servant', 'chapter', 'ixasect', '171a', '171iof', 'offenc', 'relat', 'elect', 'chapter', 'xsection', '172', '190of', 'contempt', 'law', 'author', 'public', 'servant', 'chapter', 'xisect', '191', '229of', 'fals', 'evid', 'offenc', 'public', 'justic', 'chapter', 'xiisect', '230', '263of', 'offenc', 'relat', 'coin', 'govern', 'stamp', 'chapter', 'xiiisect', '264', '267of', 'offenc', 'relat', 'weight', 'measur', 'chapter', 'xivsect', '268', '294of', 'offenc', 'affect', 'public', 'health,', 'safety,', 'convenience,', 'decenc', 'morals.', 'chapter', 'xvsection', '295', '298of', 'offenc', 'relat', 'religion', 'chapter', 'xvisect', '299', '377of', 'offenc', 'affect', 'human', 'body.', 'Of', 'offenc', 'affect', 'life', 'includ', 'murder,', 'culpabl', 'homicid', '299', '311)', 'Of', 'caus', 'miscarriage,', 'injuri', 'unborn', 'children,', 'exposur', 'infants,', 'conceal', 'birth', '312', '318)', 'Of', 'hurt', '319', '338)', 'Of', 'wrong', 'restraint', 'wrong', 'confin', '339', '348)', 'Of', 'crimin', 'forc', 'assault', '349', '358)', 'Of', 'kidnapping,', 'abduction,', 'slaveri', 'forc', 'labour', '359', '374)', 'sexual', 'offenc', 'includ', 'rape', 'sodomi', '375', '377)', 'chapter', 'xviisect', '378', '462of', 'offenc', 'against', 'properti', 'Of', 'theft', '378', '382)', 'Of', 'extort', '383', '389)', 'Of', 'robberi', 'dacoiti', '390', '402)', 'Of', 'crimin', 'misappropri', 'properti', '403', '404)', 'Of', 'crimin', 'breach', 'trust', '405', '409)', 'Of', 'receiv', 'stolen', 'properti', '410', '414)', 'Of', 'cheat', '415', '420)', 'Of', 'fraudul', 'deed', 'disposit', 'properti', '421', '424)', 'Of', 'mischief', '425', '440)', 'Of', 'crimin', 'trespass', '441', '462)', 'chapter', 'xviiisect', '463', '489', 'relat', 'document', 'properti', 'mark', 'offenc', 'relat', 'document', '463', '477-a)', 'offenc', 'relat', 'properti', 'other', 'mark', '478', '489)', 'offenc', 'relat', 'currenc', 'note', 'bank', 'note', '489a', '489e)', 'chapter', 'xixsect', '490', '492of', 'crimin', 'breach', 'contract', 'servic', 'chapter', 'xxsection', '493', '498of', 'offenc', 'relat', 'marriag', 'chapter', 'xxasect', '498aof', 'cruelti', 'husband', 'rel', 'husband', 'chapter', 'xxisect', '499', '502of', 'defam', 'chapter', 'xxiisect', '503', '510of', 'crimin', 'intimidation,', 'insult', 'annoy', 'chapter', 'xxiiisect', '511of', 'attempt', 'commit', 'offenc', '1', 'the', 'repeal', 'act,', '1870', '14', '1870', '2', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'amend', 'act,', '1870', '27', '1870', '3', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'amend', 'act,', '1872', '19', '1872', '4', 'the', 'indian', 'oath', 'act,', '1873', '10', '1873', '5', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'amend', 'act,', '1882', '8', '1882', '6', 'the', 'code', 'crimin', 'procedure,', '1882', '10', '1882', '7', 'the', 'indian', 'crimin', 'law', 'amend', 'act,', '1886', '10', '1886', '8', 'the', 'indian', 'marin', 'act,', '1887', '14', '1887', '9', 'the', 'metal', 'token', 'act,', '1889', '1', '1889', '10', 'the', 'indian', 'merchandis', 'mark', 'act,', '1889', '4', '1889', '11', 'the', 'canton', 'act,', '1889', '13', '1889', '12', 'the', 'indian', 'railway', 'act,', '1890', '9', '1890', '13', 'the', 'indian', 'crimin', 'law', 'amend', 'act,', '1891', '10', '1891', '14', 'the', 'amend', 'act,', '1891', '12', '1891', '15', 'the', 'indian', 'crimin', 'law', 'amend', 'act,', '1894', '3', '1894', '16', 'the', 'indian', 'crimin', 'law', 'amend', 'act,', '1895', '3', '1895', '17', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'amend', 'act,', '1896', '6', '1896', '18', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'amend', 'act,', '1898', '4', '1898', '19', 'the', 'currency-not', 'forgeri', 'act,', '1899', '12', '1899', '20', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'amend', 'act,', '1910', '3', '1910', '21', 'the', 'indian', 'crimin', 'law', 'amend', 'act,', '1913', '8', '1913', '22', 'the', 'indian', 'elect', 'offenc', 'inquiri', 'act,', '1920', '39', '1920', '23', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'act,', '1921', '16', '1921', '24', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'act,', '1923', '20', '1923', '25', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'act,', '1924', '5', '1924', '26', 'the', 'indian', 'crimin', 'law', 'amend', 'act,', '1924', '18', '1924', '27', 'the', \"workmen'\", 'breach', 'contract', 'act,', '1925', '3', '1925', '29', 'the', 'obscen', 'public', 'act,', '1925', '8', '1925', '29', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'act,', '1925', '29', '1925', '30', 'the', 'repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '1927', '10', '1927', '31', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'amend', 'act,', '1927', '25', '1927', '32', 'the', 'repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '1930', '8', '1930', '33', 'the', 'indian', 'air', 'forc', 'act,', '1932', '14', '1932', '34', 'the', 'amend', 'act,', '1934', '35', '1934', '35', 'the', 'govern', 'india', 'indian', 'laws)', 'order,', '1937', 'n/a', '1937', '36', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'amend', 'act,', '1939', '22', '1939', '37', 'the', 'offenc', 'ship', 'aircraft', 'act,', '1940', '4', '1940', '38', 'the', 'indian', 'merchandis', 'mark', 'act,', '1941', '2', '1941', '39', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'act,', '1942', '8', '1942', '40', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'act,', '1943', '6', '1943', '41', 'the', 'indian', 'independ', 'central', 'act', 'ordinances)', 'order,', '1948', 'n/a', '1948', '42', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'racial', 'discriminations)', 'act,', '1949', '17', '1949', '43', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'code', 'crimin', 'procedur', 'act,', '1949', '42', '1949', '44', 'the', 'adapt', 'law', 'order,', '1950', 'n/a', '1950', '45', 'the', 'repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '1950', '35', '1950', '46', 'the', 'part', 'B', 'state', 'act,', '1951', '3', '1951', '47', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'amend', 'act,', '1952', '46', '1952', '48', 'the', 'repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '1952', '48', '1952', '49', 'the', 'repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '1953', '42', '1953', '50', 'the', 'code', 'crimin', 'procedur', 'act,', '1955', '26', '1955', '51', 'the', 'adapt', 'law', 'order,', '1956', 'n/a', '1956', '52', 'the', 'repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '1957', '36', '1957', '53', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'amend', 'act,', '1958', '2', '1958', '54', 'the', 'trade', 'merchandis', 'mark', 'act,', '1958', '43', '1958', '55', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'act,', '1959', '52', '1959', '56', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'act,', '1961', '41', '1961', '57', 'the', 'anti-corrupt', 'law', 'act,', '1964', '40', '1964', '58', 'the', 'crimin', 'elect', 'law', 'amend', 'act,', '1969', '35', '1969', '59', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'act,', '1969', '36', '1969', '60', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'act,', '1972', '31', '1972', '61', 'the', \"employees'\", 'provid', 'fund', 'famili', 'pension', 'fund', 'act,', '1973', '40', '1973', '62', 'the', \"employees'\", 'state', 'insur', 'act,', '1975', '38', '1975', '63', 'the', 'elect', 'law', 'act,', '1975', '40', '1975', '64', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'act,', '1983', '43', '1983', '65', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'amendment)', 'act,', '1983', '46', '1983', '66', 'the', 'dowri', 'prohibit', 'act,', '1986', '43', '1986', '67', 'the', \"employees'\", 'provid', 'fund', 'miscellan', 'provis', 'act,', '1988', '33', '1988', '68', 'the', 'prevent', 'corrupt', 'act,', '1988', '49', '1988', '69', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'act,', '1993', '42', '1993', '70', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'act,', '1995', '24', '1995', '71', 'the', 'inform', 'technolog', 'act,', '2000', '21', '2000', '72', 'the', 'elect', 'law', 'act,', '2003', '24', '2003', '73', 'the', 'code', 'crimin', 'procedur', 'act,', '2005', '25', '2005', '74', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'act,', '2005', '2', '2006', '75', 'the', 'inform', 'technolog', 'act,', '2008', '10', '2009', '76', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'act,', '2013', '13', '2013', '77', 'the', 'crimin', 'law', 'act,', '2018', '2018', 'chapter', 'I', 'chapter', 'II', 'chapter', 'iii', 'chapter', 'IV', 'chapter', 'V', 'chapter', 'VA', 'chapter', 'VI', 'chapter', 'vii', 'chapter', 'viii', 'chapter', 'IX', 'chapter', 'ixa', 'chapter', 'X', 'chapter', 'XI', 'chapter', 'xii', 'chapter', 'xiii', 'chapter', 'xiv', 'chapter', 'XV', 'chapter', 'xvi', 'chapter', 'xvii', 'chapter', 'xviii', 'chapter', 'xix', 'chapter', 'XX', 'chapter', 'xxa', 'chapter', 'xxi', 'chapter', 'xxii', 'chapter', 'xxiii', '120b', 'conspiracy)', '121', 'govern', 'india)', '122', '194', 'evid', 'procur', 'convict', 'capit', 'offence)', '302,', '303', '305', 'suicide)', '364a', 'ransom)', '364a', 'murder)', '376a', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '20', '124a', '294', '299', 'homicide)', '304', 'homicid', 'amount', 'murder)', '309', 'suicide)', '320', 'hurt)', '326a', 'attack)', '326b', 'acid', 'attack)', '377', 'offences)', '420', '497', 'constitut', 'india', 'indian', 'penal', 'code', 'code', 'crimin', 'procedur', 'act', 'parliament', 'ordin', 'In', 'forcein', 'forc', 'real', 'estat', 'development)', 'act,', '2016', 'consum', 'protect', 'act,', '1986', 'consum', 'protect', 'act,', '2019', 'essenti', 'commod', 'act', 'essenti', 'servic', 'mainten', 'act', 'benami', 'transact', 'act,', '1988', 'black', 'money', 'foreign', 'incom', 'assets)', 'imposit', 'tax', 'act,', '2015', 'prevent', 'corrupt', 'act,', '1988', 'the', 'lokpal', 'lokayukta', 'act,', '2013', 'mine', 'miner', 'regulation)', 'act', 'prevent', 'money', 'launder', 'act,', '2002', 'whistl', 'blower', 'protect', 'act,', '2011', 'arm', 'forc', 'powers)', 'act', 'arm', 'forc', 'tribun', 'act,', '2007', 'arm', 'act,', '1959', 'armi', 'act,', '1950', 'crimin', 'law', 'act,', '2013', 'cigarett', 'other', 'tobacco', 'product', 'act', 'indian', 'evid', 'act', 'juvenil', 'justic', 'protect', 'children)', 'act,', '2015', 'nation', 'secur', 'act', 'protect', 'woman', 'domest', 'violenc', 'act,', '2005', 'schedul', 'cast', 'schedul', 'tribe', 'atrocities)', 'act,', '1989', 'indian', 'institut', 'manag', 'act,', '2017', 'institut', 'technolog', 'act,', '1961', 'nation', 'institut', 'technolog', 'act,', '2007', 'right', 'child', 'free', 'compulsori', 'educ', 'act,', '2009', 'univers', 'grant', 'commiss', 'act,', '1956', 'air', 'control', 'pollution)', 'act', 'biolog', 'diver', 'act,', '2002', 'campa', 'bill', 'environ', 'protect', 'act,', '1986', 'indian', 'forest', 'act,', '1927', 'nation', 'green', 'tribun', 'act', 'prevent', 'cruelti', 'anim', 'act', 'protect', 'plant', 'varieti', \"farmers'\", 'right', 'act,', '2001', 'wildlif', 'protect', 'act,', '1972', 'aadhaar', 'deliveri', 'financi', 'subsidies,', 'benefit', 'services)', 'act,', '2016', 'bank', 'regul', 'act,', '1949', 'conserv', 'foreign', 'exchang', 'prevent', 'smuggl', 'activ', 'act', 'depositori', 'act', 'the', 'electr', 'act,', '2003', 'expenditur', 'tax', 'act,', '1987', 'financ', 'act', 'fiscal', 'respons', 'budget', 'manag', 'act,', '2003', 'foreign', 'contribut', 'act,', '2010', 'foreign', 'exchang', 'manag', 'act', 'fugit', 'econom', 'offend', 'act', 'geograph', 'indic', 'good', 'protection)', 'act,', '1999', 'govern', 'secur', 'act,', '2006', 'indian', 'contract', 'act,', '1872', 'indian', 'stamp', 'act,', '1899', 'insolv', 'bankruptci', 'code,', '2016', 'insur', 'act,', '1938', 'negoti', 'instrument', 'act,', '1881', 'secur', 'law', 'act,', '2014', 'securitis', 'reconstruct', 'financi', 'asset', 'enforc', 'secur', 'interest', 'act,', '2002', 'the', 'competit', 'act,', '2002', 'the', 'high', 'denomin', 'bank', 'note', 'act,', '1978', 'the', 'income-tax', 'act,', '1961', 'transfer', 'properti', 'act', '1882', 'urban', 'land', 'regulation)', 'act,', '1976', 'central', 'council', 'homoeopathi', 'act,', '1973', 'clinic', 'establish', 'regulation)', 'act,', '2010', 'dentist', 'act', 'drug', 'cosmet', 'act,', '1940', 'drug', 'magic', 'remedi', 'advertisements)', 'act,', '1954', 'hiv/aid', 'prevent', 'act', 'indian', 'medic', 'council', 'act', 'mental', 'health', 'act,', '1987', 'narcot', 'drug', 'psychotrop', 'substanc', 'act,', '1985', 'mental', 'health', 'care', 'act,', '2017', 'bond', 'labor', 'system', 'act,', '1976', 'factori', 'act,1948,', 'india', 'industri', 'disput', 'act,', '1947', 'interst', 'migrant', 'workman', 'act', '1979', 'matern', 'benefit', 'act,', '2017', 'minimum', 'wage', 'act', '1948', 'nation', 'rural', 'employ', 'guarante', 'act,', '2005', 'sexual', 'harass', 'woman', 'workplac', 'prohibit', 'redressal)', 'act,', '2013', 'unorganis', \"workers'\", 'social', 'secur', 'act', '2008', 'hindu', 'adopt', 'mainten', 'act', 'major', 'act', 'hindu', 'minor', 'guardianship', 'act', 'hindu', 'success', 'act,', '1956', 'special', 'marriag', 'act,', '1954', 'the', 'hindu', 'marriag', 'act,', '1955', 'the', 'indian', 'christian', 'marriag', 'act,', '1872', 'right', 'person', 'disabl', 'act,', '2016', 'child', 'labour', 'regulation)', 'act', 'indec', 'represent', 'woman', 'act', 'nation', 'food', 'secur', 'act,', '2013', 'pre-concept', 'pre-nat', 'diagnost', 'techniqu', 'act,', '1994', 'the', 'prohibit', 'child', 'marriag', 'act,', '2006', 'the', 'schedul', 'tribe', 'other', 'tradit', 'forest', 'dweller', 'forest', 'rights)', 'act,', '2006', 'street', 'vendor', 'act,', '2014', 'anti-superstit', 'black', 'magic', 'act', 'the', 'bombay', 'prohibit', 'act,', '1949', 'bombay', 'prohibit', 'amendment)', '2009', 'chhattisgarh', 'food', 'secur', 'act,', '2012', 'karnataka', 'control', 'organis', 'crime', 'act', 'maharashtra', 'control', 'organis', 'crime', 'act', 'punjab', 'control', 'organis', 'crime', 'act', 'the', 'gujarat', 'local', 'author', 'law', 'bill,', '2009', 'puducherri', 'prevent', 'anti-soci', 'activ', 'act', 'andhra', 'pradesh', 'reorganis', 'act,', '2014', 'bihar', 'reorganis', 'act,', '2000', 'jammu', 'kashmir', 'reorganis', 'act,', '2019', 'madhya', 'pradesh', 'reorganis', 'act,', '2000', 'punjab', 'reorganis', 'act,', '1966', 'state', 'reorganis', 'act,', '1956', 'uttar', 'pradesh', 'reorganis', 'act,', '2000', 'anti-hijack', 'act,', '2016', 'unlaw', 'activ', 'act', 'aircraft', 'act', 'motor', 'vehicl', 'act', '1988', 'nation', 'waterway', 'act,', '2016', 'inland', 'vessel', 'act', 'metro', 'railway', 'act,', '1978', 'metro', 'railway', 'act,', '2002', 'charter', 'account', 'act,', '1949', 'compani', 'act', '2013', 'gram', 'nyayalaya', 'act,', '2008', 'indian', 'trust', 'act,', '1882', 'micro,', 'small', 'medim', 'enterpris', 'develop', 'act,', '2006', 'panchayat', 'schedul', 'areas)', 'act', '1996', 'reserv', 'bank', 'india', 'act,', '1934', 'the', 'indian', 'partnership', 'act,', '1932', 'societi', 'registr', 'act,', '1860', 'the', 'limit', 'liabil', 'partnership', 'act,', '2008', 'repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '2015', 'repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '2015', 'repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '2016', 'repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '2017', 'repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '2017', 'all', 'india', 'servic', 'act,', '1951', 'delimit', 'act', 'enemi', 'properti', 'act,', '1968', 'inform', 'technolog', 'act,', '2000', 'nuclear', 'liabil', 'act', 'offici', 'secret', 'act', 'represent', 'peopl', 'act,', '1951', 'right', 'fair', 'compens', 'transpar', 'land', 'acquisition,', 'rehabilit', 'resettl', 'act,', '2013', 'right', 'inform', 'act,', '2005', 'state', 'emblem', 'india', 'improp', 'use)', 'act,', '2005', 'the', 'foreign', 'act,', '1946', 'repealedrep', 'age', 'consent', 'act,', '1891', 'cast', 'disabl', 'remov', 'act,', '1850', 'crimin', 'tribe', 'act', 'hindu', \"widows'\", 'remarriag', 'act,', '1856', 'english', 'educ', 'act', '1835', 'prevent', 'sediti', 'meet', 'act,', '1907', 'anti-copi', 'act,', '1992', 'foreign', 'exchang', 'regul', 'act', 'gift', 'tax', 'act,', '1958', 'illeg', 'migrant', 'tribunal)', 'act,', '1983', 'interest', 'tax', 'act,', '1974', 'mainten', 'intern', 'secur', 'act', 'prevent', 'terror', 'act,', '2002', 'terrorist', 'disrupt', 'activ', 'act', 'the', 'gold', 'act,', '1968', 'the', 'muslim', 'woman', 'right', 'divorce)', 'act', '1986', 'wealth', 'tax', 'act,', '1957', 'billsbil', 'citizenship', 'amend', 'bill', '2016', 'foreign', 'educ', 'provid', 'bill,', '2013', 'geospati', 'inform', 'regul', 'bill', 'gujarat', 'control', 'organis', 'crime', 'act', 'marriag', 'law', 'amend', 'bill', 'uniform', 'civil', 'code', 'surrogaci', 'bill,', '2019', 'transgend', 'person', 'rights)', 'bill,', '2019', 'judg', 'asset', 'bill', \"women'\", 'reserv', 'bill', 'citizenship', 'amend', 'bill', '2016', 'An', 'act', 'provid', 'gener', 'penal', 'code', 'india', '1', 'history2', 'objective3', 'structure4', 'controversi', '4.1', 'unnatur', 'offenc', 'section', '377', '4.2', 'attempt', 'commit', 'suicid', 'section', '309', '4.3', 'adulteri', 'section', '497', '4.4', 'death', 'penalti', 'punishment)', '4.1', 'unnatur', 'offenc', 'section', '3774.2', 'attempt', 'commit', 'suicid', 'section', '3094.3', 'adulteri', 'section', '4974.4', 'death', 'penalti', 'punishment)5', 'crimin', 'justic', 'reforms6', 'amendments7', 'acclaim8', 'cultur', 'references9', 'see', 'also10', 'references11', 'further', 'reading12', 'extern', 'linksof', 'offenc', 'affect', 'life', 'includ', 'murder,', 'culpabl', 'homicid', '299', '311)of', 'caus', 'miscarriage,', 'injuri', 'unborn', 'children,', 'exposur', 'infants,', 'conceal', 'birth', '312', '318)of', 'hurt', '319', '338)of', 'wrong', 'restraint', 'wrong', 'confin', '339', '348)of', 'crimin', 'forc', 'assault', '349', '358)of', 'kidnapping,', 'abduction,', 'slaveri', 'forc', 'labour', '359', '374)sexual', 'offenc', 'includ', 'rape', 'sodomi', '375', '377)of', 'theft', '378', '382)of', 'extort', '383', '389)of', 'robberi', 'dacoiti', '390', '402)of', 'crimin', 'misappropri', 'properti', '403', '404)of', 'crimin', 'breach', 'trust', '405', '409)of', 'receiv', 'stolen', 'properti', '410', '414)of', 'cheat', '415', '420)of', 'fraudul', 'deed', 'disposit', 'properti', '421', '424)of', 'mischief', '425', '440)of', 'crimin', 'trespass', '441', '462)offenc', 'relat', 'document', '463', '477-a)off', 'relat', 'properti', 'other', 'mark', '478', '489)offenc', 'relat', 'currenc', 'note', 'bank', 'note', '489a', '489e)sect', '377', 'the', 'delhi', 'high', 'court', '2', 'juli', '2009', 'gave', 'liber', 'interpret', 'section', 'laid', 'section', 'use', 'punish', 'act', 'consensu', 'sexual', 'intercours', 'two', 'sex', 'individuals.[8]on', '11', 'decemb', '2013,', 'suprem', 'court', 'india', 'over-rul', 'judgment', 'given', 'delhi', 'high', 'court', '2009', 'clarifi', '377,', 'hold', 'same-sex', 'relat', 'unnatural,', 'suffer', 'unconstitutionality\".', 'the', 'bench', 'said:', 'hold', 'section', '377', 'suffer', 'unconstitution', 'declar', 'made', 'divis', 'bench', 'high', 'court', 'legal', 'unsustainable.\"', 'it,', 'however,', 'said:', 'verdict,', 'compet', 'legislatur', 'shall', 'free', 'consid', 'desir', 'proprieti', 'delet', 'section', '377', 'statut', 'book', 'amend', 'per', 'suggest', 'made', 'attorney-gener', 'g.e.', 'vahanvati.\"[9]on', '8', 'januari', '2018,', 'suprem', 'court', 'agre', 'reconsid', '2013', 'decis', 'much', 'deliber', 'agre', 'decriminalis', 'part', 'section', '377', 'criminalis', 'sex', 'relat', '6', 'septemb', '2018.', 'the', 'judgement', 'suresh', 'kumar', 'koushal', 'v.', 'naz', 'foundat', 'overruled.[11]civil', 'procedur', 'code,', '1908code', 'crimin', 'procedure,', '1973indian', 'evid', 'actcategory:indian', 'penal', 'code', 'sections^', \"universal'\", 'guid', 'judici', 'servic', 'examination.', 'univers', 'law', 'publishing.', 'p.', '2.', 'isbn', '978-93-5035-029-4..mw-parser-output', 'cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output', 'q{quotes:\"\\\\\"\"\"\\\\\"\"\"\\'\"\"\\'\"}.mw-parser-output', 'a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/lock-green.svg/9px-lock-green.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', 'center}.mw-parser-output', 'a,.mw-parser-output', 'a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', 'center}.mw-parser-output', 'a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-lock-red-alt-2.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', 'center}.mw-parser-output', 'span,.mw-parser-output', 'span{border-bottom:1px', 'dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output', 'a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/wikisource-logo.svg/12px-wikisource-logo.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', 'center}.mw-parser-output', 'code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output', 'lal', 'kalla,', 'krishan', 'the', 'literari', 'heritag', 'kashmir.', 'jammu', 'kashmir:', 'mittal', 'publications.', 'p.', '75.', 'retriev', '19', 'septemb', '2014.', 'commiss', 'india', 'earli', 'beginnings\".', 'law', 'commiss', 'india.', 'retriev', '19', 'septemb', '2014.', 'introduct', 'ipc', 'ipc', 'ipc', 'pdf)\".', 'b.m.gandhi.', 'indian', 'panel', 'code', 'ed.).', 'ebc.', 'pp.', '1–832.', 'isbn', '978-81-7012-892-2.', 'b.m.gandhi.', 'indian', 'penal', 'code.', 'ebc.', 'pp.', '1–796.', 'isbn', '978-81-7012-892-2.', 'high', 'court', 'strike', 'section', '377', 'ipc\".', 'the', 'hindu.', '3', 'juli', '2009.', 'issn', '0971-751x.', 'retriev', '24', 'septemb', '2018.', 'venkatesan,', 'J.', 'decemb', '2013).', 'court', 'set', 'asid', 'delhi', 'HC', 'verdict', 'decriminalis', 'gay', 'sex\".', 'the', 'hindu.', 'issn', '0971-751x.', 'retriev', '24', 'septemb', '2018.', 'decriminalis', 'section', '377:', 'A', 'timelin', 'case\".', 'time', 'india.', '6', 'septemb', '2018.', 'retriev', '7', 'septemb', '2018.', \"court'\", 'decis', 'section', '377:', 'separ', 'decis', '5', 'judg', 'judgement]\".', 'www.lawji.in.', 'retriev', '9', 'septemb', '2018.', 'decrimin', 'attempt', 'commit', 'suicide,', 'remov', 'section', '309\".', 'the', 'time', 'india.', '10', 'decemb', '2014.', 'retriev', '15', 'august', '2015.', 'suicide\".', 'press', 'inform', 'bureau.', 'ministri', 'home', 'affairs,', 'govern', 'india.', 'retriev', '15', 'august', '2015.', 'HC', 'say', 'santhara', 'illegal,', 'jain', 'saint', 'want', 'PM', 'modi', 'move', 'sc\".', 'the', 'indian', 'express.', 'retriev', '15', 'august', '2015.', 'HC', 'ban', 'starvat', 'ritual', 'say', 'fast', 'unto', 'death', 'essenti', 'tenet', 'jainism\".', 'ibn', 'live.', 'cnn-ibn.', '10', 'august', '2015.', 'retriev', '15', 'august', '2015.', 'privat', 'property,', 'trespassing\".', 'the', 'time', 'india.', '17', 'juli', '2015.', 'retriev', '15', 'august', '2015.', 'law', 'bias', 'men,', 'say', 'suprem', 'court\".', 'the', 'time', 'india.', '3', 'decemb', '2011.', 'retriev', '15', 'august', '2015.', 'abrams,', 'corinn', 'septemb', '2015).', 'reason', \"india'\", 'law', 'commiss', 'say', 'death', 'penalti', 'should', 'Be', 'scrapped\".', 'reform', 'committe', 'recommend', 'separ', 'investig', 'prosecut', 'power', 'retriev', '23', 'may', '2012.', 'parliament', 'india.', 'indian', 'penal', 'code\"', 'childlineindia.org.in.', 'retriev', '7', 'june', '2015.', 'thi', 'articl', 'incorpor', 'text', 'source,', 'public', 'domain.', 'the', 'indian', 'penal', 'code,', '1860.', 'current', 'publications.', '7', 'may', '2015.', 'retriev', '8', 'june', '2015.', 'endur', 'lauded\".', 'the', 'new', 'indian', 'express.', 'retriev', '24', 'septemb', '2018.', 'henri', 'scholberg', 'the', 'return', 'raj:', 'novel,', 'northstar', 'publications,', '1992,', 'peopl', 'saying,', 'plu', 'four', 'equal', 'char', 'sau', \"bees.'\", 'char', 'sou', 'bee', '420', 'number', 'law', 'counterfeit', 'star', 'plus,', 'the', 'great', 'indian', 'laughter', 'challeng', 'joke', 'book,', 'popular', 'prakashan,', 'isbn', '978-81-7991-343-7,', 'tazeerat-e-hind,', 'dafa', '302', 'ke', 'tahat,', 'mujrim', 'ko', 'maut', 'ki', 'saza', 'sunai', 'jaati', 'hai', 'alok', 'tomar;', 'monisha', 'shah;', 'jonathan', 'lynn', 'Ji', 'mantriji:', 'the', 'diari', 'shri', 'suryaprakash', 'singh,', 'penguin', 'book', 'associ', 'bbc', 'worldwide,', '2001,', 'isbn', '978-0-14-302767-6,', \"we'd\", 'death', 'penalti', 'back', 'tomorrow.', 'dafa', '302,', 'taaziraat-e-hind', 'hung', 'neck', 'death', 'D.', 'P.', 'mishra', 'septemb', '2006),', 'great', 'master', 'indian', 'cinema:', 'dadasaheb', 'phalk', 'award', 'winnersgreat', 'master', 'indian', 'cinema', 'series,', 'public', 'division,', 'ministri', 'inform', 'broadcasting,', 'govern', 'india,', '2006,', 'isbn', '978-81-230-1361-9,', 'badti', 'Ka', 'naam', 'dadhi', '1975),', 'chhoti', 'Si', 'baat', '1975),', 'dafa', '302', '1', '975),', 'chori', 'mera', 'kaam', '1975),', 'Ek', 'mahal', 'Ho', 'sapnon', 'Ka', '420\"', 'via', 'www.imdb.com.', 'haasan,', 'kamal;', 'puri,', 'amrish;', 'puri,', 'om;', 'tabu', 'decemb', '1997),', 'chachi', '420,', 'retriev', '3', 'april', '2017', 'c.k.takwani', 'indian', 'penal', 'code.', 'eastern', 'book', 'company.murlidhar', 'chaturvedi', 'bhartiya', 'dand', 'sanhita,1860.', 'ebc.', 'isbn', '978-93-5028-140-6.surend', 'malik;', 'sudeep', 'malik', 'suprem', 'court', 'penal', 'code.', 'ebc.', 'isbn', '978-93-5145-218-8.constitut', 'indiadownload', 'constitut', 'Of', 'india', 'free', 'In', 'hindi', 'englishindian', 'penal', 'code', '1860i.p.c', 'friendly)vtechapt', 'ichapt', 'iichapt', 'iiichapt', 'ivchapt', 'vchapter', 'vachapt', 'vichapt', 'viichapt', 'viiichapt', 'ixchapt', 'ixachapt', 'xchapter', 'xichapt', 'xiichapt', 'xiiichapt', 'xivchapt', 'xvchapter', 'xvichapt', 'xviichapt', 'xviiichapt', 'xixchapt', 'xxchapter', 'xxachapt', 'xxichapt', 'xxiichapt', 'xxiii120b', 'conspiracy)121', 'govern', 'india)122', 'evid', 'procur', 'convict', 'capit', 'offence)302,', '303', 'suicide)364a', 'ransom)364a', 'murder)376a', 'homicide)304', 'homicid', 'amount', 'murder)309', 'suicide)320', 'hurt)326a', 'attack)326b', 'acid', 'attack)377', 'offences)420497', 'india', 'penal', 'codecod', 'crimin', 'procedur', 'parliamentordinancer', 'estat', 'development)', 'act,', '2016consum', 'protect', 'act,', '1986consum', 'protect', 'act,', '2019essenti', 'commod', 'actessenti', 'servic', 'mainten', 'actbenami', 'transact', 'act,', '1988black', 'money', 'foreign', 'incom', 'assets)', 'imposit', 'tax', 'act,', '2015prevent', 'corrupt', 'act,', '1988the', 'lokpal', 'lokayukta', 'act,', '2013mine', 'miner', 'regulation)', 'actprevent', 'money', 'launder', 'act,', '2002whistl', 'blower', 'protect', 'act,', '2011arm', 'forc', 'powers)', 'actarm', 'forc', 'tribun', 'act,', '2007arm', 'act,', '1959armi', 'act,', '1950crimin', 'law', 'act,', '2013cigarett', 'other', 'tobacco', 'product', 'actindian', 'evid', 'actjuvenil', 'justic', 'protect', 'children)', 'act,', '2015nation', 'secur', 'act', 'woman', 'domest', 'violenc', 'act,', '2005schedul', 'cast', 'schedul', 'tribe', 'atrocities)', 'act,', '1989indian', 'institut', 'manag', 'act,', '2017institut', 'technolog', 'act,', '1961nation', 'institut', 'technolog', 'act,', '2007right', 'child', 'free', 'compulsori', 'educ', 'act,', '2009univers', 'grant', 'commiss', 'act,', '1956air', 'control', 'pollution)', 'actbiolog', 'diver', 'act,', '2002campa', 'billenviron', 'protect', 'act,', '1986indian', 'forest', 'act,', '1927nation', 'green', 'tribun', 'actprevent', 'cruelti', 'anim', 'actprotect', 'plant', 'varieti', \"farmers'\", 'right', 'act,', '2001wildlif', 'protect', 'act,', '1972aadhaar', 'deliveri', 'financi', 'subsidies,', 'benefit', 'services)', 'act,', '2016bank', 'regul', 'act,', '1949conserv', 'foreign', 'exchang', 'prevent', 'smuggl', 'activ', 'actdepositori', 'actth', 'electr', 'act,', '2003expenditur', 'tax', 'act,', '1987financ', 'act', 'respons', 'budget', 'manag', 'act,', '2003foreign', 'contribut', 'act,', '2010foreign', 'exchang', 'manag', 'actfugit', 'econom', 'offend', 'actgeograph', 'indic', 'good', 'protection)', 'act,', '1999govern', 'secur', 'act,', '2006indian', 'contract', 'act,', '1872indian', 'stamp', 'act,', '1899insolv', 'bankruptci', 'code,', '2016insur', 'act,', '1938negoti', 'instrument', 'act,', '1881secur', 'law', 'act,', '2014securitis', 'reconstruct', 'financi', 'asset', 'enforc', 'secur', 'interest', 'act,', '2002the', 'competit', 'act,', '2002the', 'high', 'denomin', 'bank', 'note', 'act,', '1978the', 'income-tax', 'act,', '1961transfer', 'properti', 'act', '1882urban', 'land', 'regulation)', 'act,', '1976central', 'council', 'homoeopathi', 'act,', '1973clinic', 'establish', 'regulation)', 'act,', '2010dentist', 'actdrug', 'cosmet', 'act,', '1940drug', 'magic', 'remedi', 'advertisements)', 'act,', '1954hiv/aid', 'prevent', 'actindian', 'medic', 'council', 'actment', 'health', 'act,', '1987narcot', 'drug', 'psychotrop', 'substanc', 'act,', '1985mental', 'health', 'care', 'act,', '2017bond', 'labor', 'system', 'act,', '1976factori', 'act,1948,', 'indiaindustri', 'disput', 'act,', '1947interst', 'migrant', 'workman', 'act', '1979matern', 'benefit', 'act,', '2017minimum', 'wage', 'act', '1948nation', 'rural', 'employ', 'guarante', 'act,', '2005sexual', 'harass', 'woman', 'workplac', 'prohibit', 'redressal)', 'act,', '2013unorganis', \"workers'\", 'social', 'secur', 'act', '2008hindu', 'adopt', 'mainten', 'act', 'act', 'minor', 'guardianship', 'acthindu', 'success', 'act,', '1956special', 'marriag', 'act,', '1954the', 'hindu', 'marriag', 'act,', '1955the', 'indian', 'christian', 'marriag', 'act,', '1872right', 'person', 'disabl', 'act,', '2016child', 'labour', 'regulation)', 'actindec', 'represent', 'woman', 'actnat', 'food', 'secur', 'act,', '2013pre-concept', 'pre-nat', 'diagnost', 'techniqu', 'act,', '1994the', 'prohibit', 'child', 'marriag', 'act,', '2006the', 'schedul', 'tribe', 'other', 'tradit', 'forest', 'dweller', 'forest', 'rights)', 'act,', '2006street', 'vendor', 'act,', '2014anti-superstit', 'black', 'magic', 'actth', 'bombay', 'prohibit', 'act,', '1949bombay', 'prohibit', 'amendment)', '2009chhattisgarh', 'food', 'secur', 'act,', '2012karnataka', 'control', 'organis', 'crime', 'actmaharashtra', 'control', 'organis', 'crime', 'actpunjab', 'control', 'organis', 'crime', 'actth', 'gujarat', 'local', 'author', 'law', 'bill,', '2009puducherri', 'prevent', 'anti-soci', 'activ', 'actandhra', 'pradesh', 'reorganis', 'act,', '2014bihar', 'reorganis', 'act,', '2000jammu', 'kashmir', 'reorganis', 'act,', '2019madhya', 'pradesh', 'reorganis', 'act,', '2000punjab', 'reorganis', 'act,', '1966state', 'reorganis', 'act,', '1956uttar', 'pradesh', 'reorganis', 'act,', '2000anti-hijack', 'act,', '2016unlaw', 'activ', 'actaircraft', 'actmotor', 'vehicl', 'act', '19881988nation', 'waterway', 'act,', '2016inland', 'vessel', 'actmetro', 'railway', 'act,', '1978metro', 'railway', 'act,', '2002charter', 'account', 'act,', '1949compani', 'act', '2013gram', 'nyayalaya', 'act,', '2008indian', 'trust', 'act,', '1882micro,', 'small', 'medim', 'enterpris', 'develop', 'act,', '2006panchayat', 'schedul', 'areas)', 'act', '1996reserv', 'bank', 'india', 'act,', '1934the', 'indian', 'partnership', 'act,', '1932societi', 'registr', 'act,', '1860the', 'limit', 'liabil', 'partnership', 'act,', '2008repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '2015repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '2015repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '2016repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '2017repeal', 'amend', 'act,', '2017all', 'india', 'servic', 'act,', '1951delimit', 'actenemi', 'properti', 'act,', '1968inform', 'technolog', 'act,', '2000nuclear', 'liabil', 'actoffici', 'secret', 'act', 'peopl', 'act,', '1951right', 'fair', 'compens', 'transpar', 'land', 'acquisition,', 'rehabilit', 'resettl', 'act,', '2013right', 'inform', 'act,', '2005state', 'emblem', 'india', 'improp', 'use)', 'act,', '2005the', 'foreign', 'act,', '1946age', 'consent', 'act,', '1891cast', 'disabl', 'remov', 'act,', '1850crimin', 'tribe', 'acthindu', \"widows'\", 'remarriag', 'act,', '1856english', 'educ', 'act', '1835prevent', 'sediti', 'meet', 'act,', '1907anti-copi', 'act,', '1992foreign', 'exchang', 'regul', 'actgift', 'tax', 'act,', '1958illeg', 'migrant', 'tribunal)', 'act,', '1983interest', 'tax', 'act,', '1974mainten', 'intern', 'secur', 'actprevent', 'terror', 'act,', '2002terrorist', 'disrupt', 'activ', 'actth', 'gold', 'act,', '1968the', 'muslim', 'woman', 'right', 'divorce)', 'act', '1986wealth', 'tax', 'act,', '1957citizenship', 'amend', 'bill', '2016foreign', 'educ', 'provid', 'bill,', '2013geospati', 'inform', 'regul', 'billgujarat', 'control', 'organis', 'crime', 'actmarriag', 'law', 'amend', 'billuniform', 'civil', 'codesurrogaci', 'bill,', '2019transgend', 'person', 'rights)', 'bill,', '2019judg', 'asset', \"billwomen'\", 'reserv', 'billcitizenship', 'amend', 'bill', '2016indian', 'penal', 'codeact', 'parliament', 'indialegisl', 'british', 'indiacrimin', 'codes1860', 'british', 'law1860', 'law1860', 'indiaus', 'dmi', 'date', 'june', '2016use', 'indian', 'english', 'june', '2016all', 'wikipedia', 'articl', 'written', 'indian', 'englishpag', 'use', 'collaps', 'list', 'background', 'text-align', 'titlestylepag', 'use', 'deprec', 'paramet', 'legisl', 'infoboxal', 'articl', 'unsourc', 'statementsarticl', 'unsourc', 'statement', 'decemb', '2010not', 'log', 'intalkcontributionscr', 'accountlog', 'inarticletalkreadeditview', 'historymain', 'pagecontentsfeatur', 'contentcurr', 'eventsrandom', 'articledon', 'wikipediawikipedia', 'storehelpabout', 'wikipediacommun', 'portalrec', 'changescontact', 'pagewhat', 'link', 'hererel', 'changesupload', 'filespeci', 'pagesperman', 'linkpag', 'informationwikidata', 'itemcit', 'pagecr', 'bookdownload', 'pdfprintabl', 'versionঅসমীয়াবাংলাગુજરાતીहिन्दीbahasa', 'indonesiaമലയാളംमराठीଓଡ଼ିଆਪੰਜਾਬੀsimpl', 'englishதமிழ்తెలుగుاردو', 'thi', 'page', 'last', 'edit', '5', 'octob', '2019,', '21:36', 'avail', 'creativ', 'common', 'attribution-sharealik', 'license;', 'addit', 'term', 'may', 'apply.', 'By', 'use', 'site,', 'agre', 'term', 'use', 'privaci', 'policy.', 'wikipedia®', 'regist', 'trademark', 'wikimedia', 'foundation,', 'inc.,', 'non-profit', 'organization.privaci', 'policyabout', 'wikipediadisclaimerscontact', 'wikipediadeveloperscooki', 'statementmobil', 'view']\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "7LfRW01lVds2",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "**POS TAGGING**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "NFAAV_mXXAWJ",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "4a6fc8f2-d6ac-4c9d-95df-b1b65bd3bcd9",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 55
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "pos_tagged = nltk.pos_tag(filtered_tokens_3)\n",
        "print(pos_tagged)\n",
        "    "
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "[('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('offici', 'IN'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('code', 'NN'), ('india.', 'IN'), ('It', 'PRP'), ('comprehens', 'VBZ'), ('code', 'JJ'), ('intend', 'VBP'), ('cover', 'NN'), ('substant', 'NN'), ('aspect', 'JJ'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('law.', 'VBD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('code', 'NN'), ('draft', 'NN'), ('1860', 'CD'), ('recommend', 'NN'), ('first', 'JJ'), ('law', 'NN'), ('commiss', 'NN'), ('india', 'VBP'), ('establish', 'VB'), ('1834', 'CD'), ('charter', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('1833', 'CD'), ('chairmanship', 'NN'), ('lord', 'NN'), ('thoma', 'IN'), ('babington', 'NN'), ('macaulay.[1][2][3]', 'NN'), ('It', 'PRP'), ('came', 'VBD'), ('forc', 'JJ'), ('british', 'JJ'), ('india', 'NN'), ('earli', 'NN'), ('british', 'JJ'), ('raj', 'NN'), ('period', 'NN'), ('1862.', 'CD'), ('however,', 'NN'), ('appli', 'NN'), ('automat', 'NN'), ('princ', 'NN'), ('states,', 'JJ'), ('court', 'NN'), ('legal', 'JJ'), ('system', 'NN'), ('1940s.', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('code', 'NN'), ('sinc', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('sever', 'NN'), ('time', 'NN'), ('supplement', 'JJ'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('provisions.', 'NN'), ('after', 'IN'), ('partit', 'JJ'), ('british', 'JJ'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('empire,', 'NN'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('inherit', 'NN'), ('successor', 'NN'), ('states,', 'JJ'), ('dominion', 'NN'), ('india', 'NN'), ('dominion', 'NN'), ('pakistan,', 'NN'), ('continu', 'NN'), ('independ', 'VBP'), ('pakistan', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code.', 'NN'), ('the', 'DT'), ('ranbir', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('applic', 'JJ'), ('jammu', 'NN'), ('kashmir', 'NN'), ('also', 'RB'), ('base', 'VBD'), ('code,', 'JJ'), ('however,', 'NN'), ('success', 'NN'), ('passag', 'NN'), ('jammu', 'NN'), ('kashmir', 'NN'), ('reorganis', 'NN'), ('bill,', 'NN'), ('2019', 'CD'), ('rajya', 'NN'), ('sabha', 'NN'), ('lok', 'NN'), ('sabha', 'NN'), ('respectively,', 'NN'), ('ranbir', 'VBP'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('repeal', 'NN'), ('31', 'CD'), ('octob', 'NN'), ('2019,', 'CD'), ('henceforth', 'NN'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('extend', 'JJ'), ('region', 'NN'), ('aforement', 'NN'), ('date.', 'NN'), ('after', 'IN'), ('separ', 'JJ'), ('bangladesh', 'JJ'), ('pakistan,', 'NN'), ('code', 'NN'), ('continu', 'NN'), ('forc', 'NN'), ('there.', 'IN'), ('the', 'DT'), ('code', 'NN'), ('also', 'RB'), ('adopt', 'JJ'), ('british', 'JJ'), ('coloni', 'NN'), ('author', 'NN'), ('coloni', 'NN'), ('burma,', 'NN'), ('ceylon', 'NN'), ('sri', 'NN'), ('lanka),', 'JJ'), ('strait', 'NN'), ('settlement', 'NN'), ('part', 'NN'), ('malaysia),', 'VBZ'), ('singapor', 'JJ'), ('brunei,', 'NN'), ('remain', 'VBP'), ('basi', 'JJ'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('code', 'NN'), ('countries.', 'VBD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('draft', 'NN'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('prepar', 'NN'), ('first', 'RB'), ('law', 'NN'), ('commission,', 'NN'), ('chair', 'NN'), ('thoma', 'IN'), ('babington', 'NN'), ('macaulay', 'NN'), ('1834', 'CD'), ('submit', 'NN'), ('governor-gener', 'JJ'), ('india', 'NN'), ('council', 'NN'), ('1835.', 'CD'), ('it', 'PRP'), ('basi', 'VBD'), ('law', 'NN'), ('england', 'NN'), ('freed', 'VBD'), ('superfluities,', 'JJ'), ('technic', 'JJ'), ('local', 'JJ'), ('peculiarities.', 'NN'), ('element', 'NN'), ('also', 'RB'), ('deriv', 'VBZ'), ('napoleon', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('edward', 'NN'), (\"livingston'\", 'NN'), ('louisiana', 'VBP'), ('civil', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('1825.', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('first', 'JJ'), ('final', 'JJ'), ('draft', 'NN'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('submit', 'NN'), ('governor-gener', 'JJ'), ('india', 'NN'), ('council', 'NN'), ('1837,', 'CD'), ('draft', 'NN'), ('revised.', 'NN'), ('the', 'DT'), ('draft', 'NN'), ('complet', 'NN'), ('1850', 'CD'), ('code', 'NN'), ('present', 'JJ'), ('legisl', 'NN'), ('council', 'NN'), ('1856,', 'CD'), ('take', 'NN'), ('place', 'NN'), ('statut', 'VBP'), ('book', 'NN'), ('british', 'JJ'), ('india', 'NN'), ('gener', 'NN'), ('later,', 'VBD'), ('follow', 'JJ'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('rebellion', 'NN'), ('1857.', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('draft', 'NN'), ('underw', 'NN'), ('care', 'NN'), ('revis', 'JJ'), ('hand', 'NN'), ('barn', 'NN'), ('peacock,', 'NN'), ('later', 'RB'), ('becam', 'VBD'), ('first', 'JJ'), ('chief', 'JJ'), ('justic', 'JJ'), ('calcutta', 'NN'), ('high', 'JJ'), ('court,', 'NN'), ('futur', 'NN'), ('puisn', 'NN'), ('judg', 'NN'), ('calcutta', 'NN'), ('high', 'JJ'), ('court,', 'NN'), ('member', 'NN'), ('legisl', 'NN'), ('council,', 'NN'), ('pas', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('6', 'CD'), ('octob', 'NN'), ('1860.[4]', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('code', 'NN'), ('came', 'VBD'), ('oper', 'IN'), ('1', 'CD'), ('januari', 'NN'), ('1862.', 'CD'), ('macaulay', 'NN'), ('surviv', 'NN'), ('see', 'VBP'), ('masterpiec', 'JJ'), ('come', 'VB'), ('force,', 'NN'), ('die', 'NN'), ('near', 'IN'), ('end', 'NN'), ('1859.', 'CD'), ('ipc', 'NN'), ('gener', 'NN'), ('essenti', 'VBZ'), ('form', 'JJ'), ('law', 'NN'), ('commiss', 'VBP'), ('the', 'DT'), ('object', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('provid', 'NN'), ('gener', 'NN'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('india.[5]', 'NN'), ('though', 'IN'), ('initi', 'JJ'), ('objective,', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('repeal', 'VBP'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('law', 'NN'), ('forc', 'NN'), ('time', 'NN'), ('come', 'VB'), ('forc', 'JJ'), ('india.', 'NN'), ('thi', 'NN'), ('done', 'VBN'), ('code', 'NN'), ('contain', 'NN'), ('offenc', 'JJ'), ('possibl', 'NN'), ('offenc', 'NN'), ('might', 'MD'), ('still', 'RB'), ('left', 'VB'), ('code,', 'JJ'), ('intend', 'JJ'), ('exempt', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('consequences.', 'NN'), ('though', 'IN'), ('code', 'NN'), ('consolid', 'JJ'), ('whole', 'JJ'), ('law', 'NN'), ('subject', 'NN'), ('exhaust', 'VBP'), ('matter', 'NN'), ('respect', 'NN'), ('declar', 'JJ'), ('law,', 'NN'), ('mani', 'VBD'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('statut', 'NN'), ('govern', 'JJ'), ('variou', 'NN'), ('offenc', 'NN'), ('creat', 'NN'), ('addit', 'NN'), ('code.', 'VBP'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('1860,', 'CD'), ('sub-divid', 'JJ'), ('23', 'CD'), ('chapters,', 'NN'), ('compris', 'NN'), ('511', 'CD'), ('sections.', 'VBD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('code', 'JJ'), ('start', 'NN'), ('introduction,', 'NN'), ('provid', 'NN'), ('explan', 'NN'), ('except', 'IN'), ('use', 'NN'), ('it,', 'NN'), ('cover', 'NN'), ('wide', 'JJ'), ('rang', 'NN'), ('offences.', 'IN'), ('the', 'DT'), ('outlin', 'JJ'), ('present', 'JJ'), ('follow', 'JJ'), ('table:[6]', 'NN'), ('right', 'NN'), ('privat', 'NN'), ('defenc', 'VBD'), ('96', 'CD'), ('106)', 'CD'), ('variou', 'NN'), ('section', 'NN'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('controversial.', 'NN'), ('they', 'PRP'), ('challeng', 'VBP'), ('court', 'NN'), ('claim', 'NN'), ('constitut', 'NN'), ('india.', 'NN'), ('also', 'RB'), ('demand', 'VBP'), ('abolit', 'JJ'), ('controversi', 'JJ'), ('ipc', 'NN'), ('section', 'NN'), ('complet', 'NN'), ('partially.', 'NN'), ('whoever,', 'NN'), ('voluntarili', 'FW'), ('carnal', 'JJ'), ('intercours', 'NNS'), ('order', 'NN'), ('natur', 'NNS'), ('man,', 'VBP'), ('woman', 'NN'), ('animal,', 'VBP'), ('shall', 'MD'), ('punish', 'VB'), ('imprison', 'NN'), ('life,', 'IN'), ('imprison', 'NN'), ('either', 'CC'), ('descript', 'JJ'), ('term', 'NN'), ('may', 'MD'), ('extend', 'VB'), ('ten', 'VB'), ('years,', 'JJ'), ('shall', 'MD'), ('also', 'RB'), ('liabl', 'VB'), ('fine.', 'NN'), ('explan', 'NN'), ('penetr', 'VBP'), ('suffici', 'NN'), ('constitut', 'JJ'), ('carnal', 'JJ'), ('intercours', 'NNS'), ('necessari', 'JJ'), ('offenc', 'JJ'), ('describ', 'NN'), ('section.[7]', 'VBD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('section', 'NN'), ('309', 'CD'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('deal', 'NN'), ('unsuccess', 'JJ'), ('attempt', 'NN'), ('suicide.', 'NN'), ('attempt', 'NN'), ('commit', 'NN'), ('suicid', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('toward', 'IN'), ('commiss', 'JJ'), ('offenc', 'NN'), ('punish', 'JJ'), ('imprison', 'NN'), ('one', 'CD'), ('year', 'NN'), ('fine', 'NN'), ('both.', 'IN'), ('consid', 'JJ'), ('long-stand', 'JJ'), ('demand', 'NN'), ('recommend', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('commiss', 'NN'), ('india,', 'NN'), ('repeatedli', 'NN'), ('endors', 'NNS'), ('repeal', 'VBP'), ('section,', 'JJ'), ('govern', 'JJ'), ('india', 'NN'), ('decemb', 'NN'), ('2014', 'CD'), ('decid', 'NN'), ('decriminalis', 'NN'), ('attempt', 'NN'), ('commit', 'NN'), ('suicid', 'NN'), ('drop', 'NN'), ('section', 'NN'), ('309', 'CD'), ('ipc', 'NN'), ('statut', 'NN'), ('book.', 'NN'), ('though', 'IN'), ('decis', 'NN'), ('found', 'VBD'), ('favour', 'RB'), ('states,', 'JJ'), ('other', 'JJ'), ('argu', 'NN'), ('would', 'MD'), ('make', 'VB'), ('law', 'NN'), ('enforc', 'NN'), ('agenc', 'JJ'), ('helpless', 'NN'), ('peopl', 'NN'), ('resort', 'NN'), ('fast', 'VBD'), ('unto', 'JJ'), ('death,', 'JJ'), ('self-immolation,', 'JJ'), ('etc.,', 'NN'), ('point', 'NN'), ('case', 'NN'), ('anti-afspa', 'JJ'), ('activist', 'NN'), ('irom', 'NN'), ('chanu', 'NN'), ('sharmila.[12]', 'NN'), ('In', 'IN'), ('februari', 'JJ'), ('2015,', 'CD'), ('legisl', 'JJ'), ('depart', 'NN'), ('ministri', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('justic', 'JJ'), ('ask', 'NN'), ('govern', 'JJ'), ('prepar', 'NN'), ('draft', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('bill', 'NN'), ('regard.[13]', 'NN'), ('In', 'IN'), ('august', 'JJ'), ('2015', 'CD'), ('ruling,', 'NN'), ('rajasthan', 'VBP'), ('high', 'JJ'), ('court', 'NN'), ('made', 'VBD'), ('jain', 'NN'), ('practic', 'JJ'), ('undertak', 'JJ'), ('voluntari', 'FW'), ('death', 'NN'), ('fast', 'JJ'), ('end', 'NN'), (\"person'\", 'NN'), ('life,', 'NN'), ('known', 'VBN'), ('santhara,', 'JJ'), ('punish', 'JJ'), ('section', 'NN'), ('306', 'CD'), ('309', 'CD'), ('ipc.', 'NN'), ('thi', 'NN'), ('led', 'VBD'), ('controversy,', 'JJ'), ('section', 'NN'), ('jain', 'NN'), ('commun', 'NN'), ('urg', 'JJ'), ('prime', 'JJ'), ('minist', 'NN'), ('move', 'NN'), ('suprem', 'NN'), ('court', 'NN'), ('order.[14][15]on', 'VBD'), ('31', 'CD'), ('august', 'JJ'), ('2015,', 'CD'), ('suprem', 'JJ'), ('court', 'NN'), ('admit', 'NN'), ('petit', 'NN'), ('akhil', 'NN'), ('bharat', 'NN'), ('varshiya', 'NN'), ('digambar', 'NN'), ('jain', 'NN'), ('parishad', 'VBD'), ('grant', 'JJ'), ('leave.', 'NN'), ('It', 'PRP'), ('stay', 'VBZ'), ('decis', 'RB'), ('high', 'JJ'), ('court', 'NN'), ('lift', 'NN'), ('ban', 'NN'), ('practice.', 'IN'), ('the', 'DT'), ('section', 'NN'), ('497', 'CD'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('criticis', 'NN'), ('one', 'CD'), ('hand', 'NN'), ('allegedli', 'VBZ'), ('treat', 'NN'), ('woman', 'NN'), ('privat', 'VBZ'), ('properti', 'JJ'), ('husband,', 'JJ'), ('hand', 'NN'), ('give', 'VB'), ('woman', 'NN'), ('complet', 'NN'), ('protect', 'VBP'), ('punish', 'JJ'), ('adultery.[16][17]', 'NN'), ('thi', 'NN'), ('section', 'NN'), ('unanim', 'JJ'), ('struck', 'VBD'), ('27th', 'CD'), ('septemb', 'NN'), ('2018', 'CD'), ('five', 'CD'), ('judg', 'NNS'), ('bench', 'JJ'), ('suprem', 'JJ'), ('court', 'NN'), ('case', 'NN'), ('joseph', 'NN'), ('shine', 'NN'), ('v.', 'NN'), ('union', 'NN'), ('india', 'NN'), ('unconstitut', 'JJ'), ('demean', 'JJ'), ('digniti', 'NN'), ('women.', 'NN'), ('adulteri', 'JJ'), ('continu', 'NN'), ('ground', 'NN'), ('seek', 'VBP'), ('divorc', 'NN'), ('civil', 'JJ'), ('court,', 'NN'), ('longer', 'RBR'), ('crimin', 'JJ'), ('offenc', 'JJ'), ('india.', 'NN'), ('section', 'NN'), ('120b', 'CD'), ('conspiracy),', 'NN'), ('121', 'CD'), ('govern', 'JJ'), ('india),', 'NN'), ('132', 'CD'), ('194', 'CD'), ('evid', 'JJ'), ('procur', 'NN'), ('convict', 'NN'), ('capit', 'NN'), ('offence),', 'VBD'), ('302,', 'CD'), ('303', 'CD'), ('305', 'CD'), ('suicide),', 'NN'), ('364a', 'CD'), ('ransom),', 'NN'), ('364a', 'CD'), ('murder),', 'NN'), ('376a', 'CD'), ('death', 'NN'), ('penalti', 'NN'), ('punishment.', 'NN'), ('there', 'RB'), ('ongo', 'JJ'), ('debat', 'NN'), ('abolish', 'JJ'), ('capit', 'NN'), ('punishment.[18]', 'NN'), ('In', 'IN'), ('2003,', 'CD'), ('malimath', 'NN'), ('committe', 'NN'), ('submit', 'VBP'), ('report', 'NN'), ('recommend', 'VBP'), ('sever', 'RB'), ('far-reach', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('reform', 'NN'), ('includ', 'NN'), ('separ', 'NN'), ('investig', 'NN'), ('prosecut', 'NN'), ('cp', 'NN'), ('uk)', 'JJ'), ('streamlin', 'NN'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('justic', 'JJ'), ('system.[19]', 'VBD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('essenc', 'JJ'), ('report', 'NN'), ('perceiv', 'NNS'), ('need', 'VBP'), ('shift', 'NN'), ('adversari', 'VB'), ('inquisitori', 'JJ'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('justic', 'JJ'), ('system,', 'NN'), ('base', 'NN'), ('continent', 'NN'), ('european', 'JJ'), ('systems.', 'NN'), ('the', 'DT'), ('code', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('sever', 'NN'), ('times.[20][21]', 'VBP'), ('the', 'DT'), ('code', 'NN'), ('univers', 'NNS'), ('acknowledg', 'VBP'), ('cogent', 'NN'), ('draft', 'NN'), ('code,', 'NN'), ('ahead', 'RB'), ('time.', 'VBD'), ('It', 'PRP'), ('substanti', 'VBD'), ('surviv', 'RB'), ('150', 'CD'), ('year', 'NN'), ('sever', 'RB'), ('jurisdict', 'NN'), ('without', 'IN'), ('major', 'JJ'), ('amendments.', 'NN'), ('nichola', 'NN'), ('phillips,', 'NN'), ('justic', 'JJ'), ('suprem', 'JJ'), ('court', 'NN'), ('unit', 'NN'), ('kingdom', 'NN'), ('applaud', 'NN'), ('efficaci', 'NN'), ('relev', 'NN'), ('ipc', 'NN'), ('commemor', 'NN'), ('150', 'CD'), ('year', 'NN'), ('ipc.[22]', 'NN'), ('modern', 'JJ'), ('crime', 'NN'), ('involv', 'NN'), ('technolog', 'NN'), ('unheard', 'JJ'), (\"macaulay'\", 'NN'), ('time', 'NN'), ('fit', 'JJ'), ('easili', 'NN'), ('within', 'IN'), ('code[cit', 'JJ'), ('needed]', 'JJ'), ('mainli', 'NN'), ('broad', 'JJ'), (\"code'\", 'NN'), ('drafting.', 'VB'), ('some', 'DT'), ('refer', 'NN'), ('specif', 'JJ'), ('section', 'NN'), (\"dafa'a\", 'VBZ'), ('hindi-urdu,', 'JJ'), ('ipc', 'NN'), ('enter', 'NN'), ('popular', 'JJ'), ('speech', 'NN'), ('india,', 'NN'), ('pakistan', 'NN'), ('bangladesh.', 'NN'), ('for', 'IN'), ('instance,', 'JJ'), ('con', 'NN'), ('men', 'NNS'), ('refer', 'VBP'), ('420', 'CD'), ('hindi-urdu)', 'JJ'), ('section', 'NN'), ('420', 'CD'), ('cover', 'NN'), ('cheating.[23]', 'NN'), ('similarly,', 'JJ'), ('specif', 'NN'), ('refer', 'NN'), ('section', 'NN'), ('302', 'CD'), ('dafā', 'NN'), ('tīn-sau-do', 'JJ'), ('ke', 'NN'), ('tehet', 'IN'), ('sazā-e-maut\",', 'JJ'), ('death', 'NN'), ('section', 'NN'), ('302', 'CD'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code\"),', 'NN'), ('cover', 'NN'), ('death', 'NN'), ('penalty,', 'NN'), ('becom', 'IN'), ('part', 'NN'), ('common', 'JJ'), ('knowledg', 'NN'), ('region', 'NN'), ('due', 'JJ'), ('repeat', 'NN'), ('mention', 'NN'), ('bollywood', 'NN'), ('movi', 'NN'), ('region', 'NN'), ('pulp', 'NN'), ('literature.[24][25]', 'NN'), ('dafa', 'NN'), ('302', 'CD'), ('also', 'RB'), ('name', 'RB'), ('bollywood', 'JJ'), ('movi', 'NNS'), ('releas', 'VBP'), ('1975.[26]', 'CD'), ('similarly,', 'JJ'), ('shree', 'JJ'), ('420', 'CD'), ('name', 'NN'), ('1955', 'CD'), ('bollywood', 'NN'), ('movi', 'NN'), ('star', 'NN'), ('raj', 'NN'), ('kapoor.[27]', 'VBD'), ('chachi', 'JJ'), ('420', 'CD'), ('bollywood', 'NN'), ('movi', 'NN'), ('releas', 'JJ'), ('1997', 'CD'), ('star', 'NN'), ('kamal', 'JJ'), ('haasan.[28]', 'NN'), ('long', 'RB'), ('titl', 'VBD'), ('An', 'DT'), ('act', 'NN'), ('provid', 'NN'), ('gener', 'NN'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('india', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('no.', 'NN'), ('45', 'CD'), ('1860', 'CD'), ('indiaimperi', 'NN'), ('legisl', 'NN'), ('council6', 'NN'), ('octob', 'VBD'), ('18606', 'CD'), ('octob', 'JJ'), ('18601', 'CD'), ('januari', 'NN'), ('1862first', 'CD'), ('law', 'NN'), ('commissionse', 'NN'), ('amendmentscod', 'IN'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('procedure,', 'NN'), ('1973status:', 'CD'), ('amendedchapt', 'NN'), ('isect', 'NN'), ('1', 'CD'), ('5introduct', 'CD'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('iisect', 'NN'), ('6', 'CD'), ('52gener', 'CD'), ('explan', 'NN'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('iiisect', 'VBP'), ('53', 'CD'), ('75of', 'CD'), ('punish', 'JJ'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('ivsect', 'VBP'), ('76', 'CD'), ('106gener', 'CD'), ('except', 'IN'), ('right', 'JJ'), ('privat', 'NN'), ('defenc', 'VBD'), ('96', 'CD'), ('106)', 'CD'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('vsection', 'NN'), ('107', 'CD'), ('120of', 'CD'), ('abet', 'NN'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('vasect', 'VBP'), ('120a', 'CD'), ('120bcrimin', 'CD'), ('conspiraci', 'NN'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('visect', 'VBP'), ('121', 'CD'), ('130of', 'CD'), ('offenc', 'JJ'), ('state', 'NN'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('viisect', 'VBP'), ('131', 'CD'), ('140of', 'CD'), ('offenc', 'JJ'), ('relat', 'JJ'), ('army,', 'NN'), ('navi', 'RB'), ('air', 'NN'), ('forc', 'JJ'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('viiisect', 'VBP'), ('141', 'CD'), ('160of', 'CD'), ('offenc', 'JJ'), ('public', 'JJ'), ('tranquil', 'NN'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('ixsect', 'VBP'), ('161', 'CD'), ('171of', 'CD'), ('offenc', 'JJ'), ('relat', 'JJ'), ('public', 'JJ'), ('servant', 'NN'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('ixasect', 'VBP'), ('171a', 'CD'), ('171iof', 'CD'), ('offenc', 'JJ'), ('relat', 'JJ'), ('elect', 'VBP'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xsection', 'NN'), ('172', 'CD'), ('190of', 'CD'), ('contempt', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('author', 'NN'), ('public', 'JJ'), ('servant', 'JJ'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xisect', 'VBP'), ('191', 'CD'), ('229of', 'CD'), ('fals', 'NNS'), ('evid', 'JJ'), ('offenc', 'JJ'), ('public', 'JJ'), ('justic', 'JJ'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xiisect', 'VBP'), ('230', 'CD'), ('263of', 'CD'), ('offenc', 'JJ'), ('relat', 'JJ'), ('coin', 'NN'), ('govern', 'NN'), ('stamp', 'NN'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xiiisect', 'VBP'), ('264', 'CD'), ('267of', 'CD'), ('offenc', 'JJ'), ('relat', 'JJ'), ('weight', 'NN'), ('measur', 'NN'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xivsect', 'VBP'), ('268', 'CD'), ('294of', 'CD'), ('offenc', 'JJ'), ('affect', 'JJ'), ('public', 'JJ'), ('health,', 'NN'), ('safety,', 'NN'), ('convenience,', 'NN'), ('decenc', 'NN'), ('morals.', 'NN'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xvsection', 'NN'), ('295', 'CD'), ('298of', 'CD'), ('offenc', 'JJ'), ('relat', 'JJ'), ('religion', 'NN'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xvisect', 'VBP'), ('299', 'CD'), ('377of', 'CD'), ('offenc', 'NN'), ('affect', 'JJ'), ('human', 'JJ'), ('body.', 'NN'), ('Of', 'IN'), ('offenc', 'NN'), ('affect', 'JJ'), ('life', 'NN'), ('includ', 'NN'), ('murder,', 'NN'), ('culpabl', 'NN'), ('homicid', 'VBD'), ('299', 'CD'), ('311)', 'CD'), ('Of', 'IN'), ('caus', 'NN'), ('miscarriage,', 'NN'), ('injuri', 'NN'), ('unborn', 'JJ'), ('children,', 'NN'), ('exposur', 'NN'), ('infants,', 'NN'), ('conceal', 'NN'), ('birth', 'NN'), ('312', 'CD'), ('318)', 'CD'), ('Of', 'IN'), ('hurt', 'NN'), ('319', 'CD'), ('338)', 'CD'), ('Of', 'IN'), ('wrong', 'JJ'), ('restraint', 'NN'), ('wrong', 'JJ'), ('confin', 'NN'), ('339', 'CD'), ('348)', 'CD'), ('Of', 'IN'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('forc', 'NN'), ('assault', 'NN'), ('349', 'CD'), ('358)', 'CD'), ('Of', 'IN'), ('kidnapping,', 'NN'), ('abduction,', 'NN'), ('slaveri', 'NN'), ('forc', 'VBD'), ('labour', 'JJ'), ('359', 'CD'), ('374)', 'CD'), ('sexual', 'JJ'), ('offenc', 'NN'), ('includ', 'NN'), ('rape', 'NN'), ('sodomi', 'VBD'), ('375', 'CD'), ('377)', 'CD'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xviisect', 'VBP'), ('378', 'CD'), ('462of', 'CD'), ('offenc', 'NN'), ('against', 'IN'), ('properti', 'NN'), ('Of', 'IN'), ('theft', 'NN'), ('378', 'CD'), ('382)', 'CD'), ('Of', 'IN'), ('extort', 'NN'), ('383', 'CD'), ('389)', 'CD'), ('Of', 'IN'), ('robberi', 'NN'), ('dacoiti', 'NN'), ('390', 'CD'), ('402)', 'CD'), ('Of', 'IN'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('misappropri', 'NN'), ('properti', 'VBD'), ('403', 'CD'), ('404)', 'CD'), ('Of', 'IN'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('breach', 'NN'), ('trust', 'NN'), ('405', 'CD'), ('409)', 'CD'), ('Of', 'IN'), ('receiv', 'NN'), ('stolen', 'VBN'), ('properti', 'RB'), ('410', 'CD'), ('414)', 'CD'), ('Of', 'IN'), ('cheat', 'NN'), ('415', 'CD'), ('420)', 'CD'), ('Of', 'IN'), ('fraudul', 'NNS'), ('deed', 'VBP'), ('disposit', 'NN'), ('properti', 'NN'), ('421', 'CD'), ('424)', 'CD'), ('Of', 'IN'), ('mischief', 'NN'), ('425', 'CD'), ('440)', 'CD'), ('Of', 'IN'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('trespass', 'NN'), ('441', 'CD'), ('462)', 'CD'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xviiisect', 'VBP'), ('463', 'CD'), ('489', 'CD'), ('relat', 'JJ'), ('document', 'NN'), ('properti', 'NN'), ('mark', 'NN'), ('offenc', 'NN'), ('relat', 'JJ'), ('document', 'NN'), ('463', 'CD'), ('477-a)', 'JJ'), ('offenc', 'NN'), ('relat', 'NN'), ('properti', 'NN'), ('other', 'JJ'), ('mark', 'NN'), ('478', 'CD'), ('489)', 'CD'), ('offenc', 'JJ'), ('relat', 'JJ'), ('currenc', 'NN'), ('note', 'NN'), ('bank', 'NN'), ('note', 'VBP'), ('489a', 'CD'), ('489e)', 'CD'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xixsect', 'VBP'), ('490', 'CD'), ('492of', 'CD'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('breach', 'NN'), ('contract', 'NN'), ('servic', 'JJ'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xxsection', 'NN'), ('493', 'CD'), ('498of', 'CD'), ('offenc', 'JJ'), ('relat', 'JJ'), ('marriag', 'NN'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xxasect', 'VBP'), ('498aof', 'CD'), ('cruelti', 'JJ'), ('husband', 'NN'), ('rel', 'NN'), ('husband', 'NN'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xxisect', 'VBP'), ('499', 'CD'), ('502of', 'CD'), ('defam', 'NN'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xxiisect', 'VBP'), ('503', 'CD'), ('510of', 'CD'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('intimidation,', 'NN'), ('insult', 'NN'), ('annoy', 'VBP'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xxiiisect', 'VBP'), ('511of', 'CD'), ('attempt', 'JJ'), ('commit', 'NN'), ('offenc', 'IN'), ('1', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('repeal', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1870', 'CD'), ('14', 'CD'), ('1870', 'CD'), ('2', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1870', 'CD'), ('27', 'CD'), ('1870', 'CD'), ('3', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1872', 'CD'), ('19', 'CD'), ('1872', 'CD'), ('4', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('oath', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1873', 'CD'), ('10', 'CD'), ('1873', 'CD'), ('5', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1882', 'CD'), ('8', 'CD'), ('1882', 'CD'), ('6', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('code', 'NN'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('procedure,', 'NN'), ('1882', 'CD'), ('10', 'CD'), ('1882', 'CD'), ('7', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('1886', 'CD'), ('10', 'CD'), ('1886', 'CD'), ('8', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('marin', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1887', 'CD'), ('14', 'CD'), ('1887', 'CD'), ('9', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('metal', 'NN'), ('token', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1889', 'CD'), ('1', 'CD'), ('1889', 'CD'), ('10', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('merchandis', 'NN'), ('mark', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1889', 'CD'), ('4', 'CD'), ('1889', 'CD'), ('11', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('canton', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1889', 'CD'), ('13', 'CD'), ('1889', 'CD'), ('12', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('railway', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1890', 'CD'), ('9', 'CD'), ('1890', 'CD'), ('13', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('1891', 'CD'), ('10', 'CD'), ('1891', 'CD'), ('14', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('amend', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1891', 'CD'), ('12', 'CD'), ('1891', 'CD'), ('15', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('1894', 'CD'), ('3', 'CD'), ('1894', 'CD'), ('16', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('1895', 'CD'), ('3', 'CD'), ('1895', 'CD'), ('17', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1896', 'CD'), ('6', 'CD'), ('1896', 'CD'), ('18', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1898', 'CD'), ('4', 'CD'), ('1898', 'CD'), ('19', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('currency-not', 'JJ'), ('forgeri', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1899', 'CD'), ('12', 'CD'), ('1899', 'CD'), ('20', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1910', 'CD'), ('3', 'CD'), ('1910', 'CD'), ('21', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('1913', 'CD'), ('8', 'CD'), ('1913', 'CD'), ('22', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('elect', 'NN'), ('offenc', 'NN'), ('inquiri', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1920', 'CD'), ('39', 'CD'), ('1920', 'CD'), ('23', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1921', 'CD'), ('16', 'CD'), ('1921', 'CD'), ('24', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1923', 'CD'), ('20', 'CD'), ('1923', 'CD'), ('25', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1924', 'CD'), ('5', 'CD'), ('1924', 'CD'), ('26', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('1924', 'CD'), ('18', 'CD'), ('1924', 'CD'), ('27', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), (\"workmen'\", 'NN'), ('breach', 'NN'), ('contract', 'NN'), ('act,', 'IN'), ('1925', 'CD'), ('3', 'CD'), ('1925', 'CD'), ('29', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('obscen', 'JJ'), ('public', 'JJ'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1925', 'CD'), ('8', 'CD'), ('1925', 'CD'), ('29', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1925', 'CD'), ('29', 'CD'), ('1925', 'CD'), ('30', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('repeal', 'NN'), ('amend', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1927', 'CD'), ('10', 'CD'), ('1927', 'CD'), ('31', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('1927', 'CD'), ('25', 'CD'), ('1927', 'CD'), ('32', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('repeal', 'NN'), ('amend', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1930', 'CD'), ('8', 'CD'), ('1930', 'CD'), ('33', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('air', 'NN'), ('forc', 'NNS'), ('act,', 'VBP'), ('1932', 'CD'), ('14', 'CD'), ('1932', 'CD'), ('34', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('amend', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1934', 'CD'), ('35', 'CD'), ('1934', 'CD'), ('35', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('govern', 'JJ'), ('india', 'NN'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('laws)', 'NN'), ('order,', 'NN'), ('1937', 'CD'), ('n/a', 'NN'), ('1937', 'CD'), ('36', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('1939', 'CD'), ('22', 'CD'), ('1939', 'CD'), ('37', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('offenc', 'NN'), ('ship', 'NN'), ('aircraft', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1940', 'CD'), ('4', 'CD'), ('1940', 'CD'), ('38', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('merchandis', 'NN'), ('mark', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1941', 'CD'), ('2', 'CD'), ('1941', 'CD'), ('39', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1942', 'CD'), ('8', 'CD'), ('1942', 'CD'), ('40', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1943', 'CD'), ('6', 'CD'), ('1943', 'CD'), ('41', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('independ', 'JJ'), ('central', 'JJ'), ('act', 'NN'), ('ordinances)', 'IN'), ('order,', 'JJ'), ('1948', 'CD'), ('n/a', 'JJ'), ('1948', 'CD'), ('42', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('racial', 'JJ'), ('discriminations)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1949', 'CD'), ('17', 'CD'), ('1949', 'CD'), ('43', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('code', 'NN'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('procedur', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1949', 'CD'), ('42', 'CD'), ('1949', 'CD'), ('44', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('adapt', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('order,', 'NN'), ('1950', 'CD'), ('n/a', 'NN'), ('1950', 'CD'), ('45', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('repeal', 'NN'), ('amend', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1950', 'CD'), ('35', 'CD'), ('1950', 'CD'), ('46', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('part', 'NN'), ('B', 'NNP'), ('state', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1951', 'CD'), ('3', 'CD'), ('1951', 'CD'), ('47', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('1952', 'CD'), ('46', 'CD'), ('1952', 'CD'), ('48', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('repeal', 'NN'), ('amend', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1952', 'CD'), ('48', 'CD'), ('1952', 'CD'), ('49', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('repeal', 'NN'), ('amend', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1953', 'CD'), ('42', 'CD'), ('1953', 'CD'), ('50', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('code', 'NN'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('procedur', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1955', 'CD'), ('26', 'CD'), ('1955', 'CD'), ('51', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('adapt', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('order,', 'NN'), ('1956', 'CD'), ('n/a', 'NN'), ('1956', 'CD'), ('52', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('repeal', 'NN'), ('amend', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1957', 'CD'), ('36', 'CD'), ('1957', 'CD'), ('53', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('1958', 'CD'), ('2', 'CD'), ('1958', 'CD'), ('54', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('trade', 'NN'), ('merchandis', 'NN'), ('mark', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1958', 'CD'), ('43', 'CD'), ('1958', 'CD'), ('55', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1959', 'CD'), ('52', 'CD'), ('1959', 'CD'), ('56', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1961', 'CD'), ('41', 'CD'), ('1961', 'CD'), ('57', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('anti-corrupt', 'JJ'), ('law', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1964', 'CD'), ('40', 'CD'), ('1964', 'CD'), ('58', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('elect', 'JJ'), ('law', 'NN'), ('amend', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1969', 'CD'), ('35', 'CD'), ('1969', 'CD'), ('59', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1969', 'CD'), ('36', 'CD'), ('1969', 'CD'), ('60', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1972', 'CD'), ('31', 'CD'), ('1972', 'CD'), ('61', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), (\"employees'\", 'NN'), ('provid', 'NN'), ('fund', 'NN'), ('famili', 'VBZ'), ('pension', 'NN'), ('fund', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1973', 'CD'), ('40', 'CD'), ('1973', 'CD'), ('62', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), (\"employees'\", 'NN'), ('state', 'NN'), ('insur', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1975', 'CD'), ('38', 'CD'), ('1975', 'CD'), ('63', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('elect', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1975', 'CD'), ('40', 'CD'), ('1975', 'CD'), ('64', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1983', 'CD'), ('43', 'CD'), ('1983', 'CD'), ('65', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('amendment)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1983', 'CD'), ('46', 'CD'), ('1983', 'CD'), ('66', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('dowri', 'NN'), ('prohibit', 'NN'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('1986', 'CD'), ('43', 'CD'), ('1986', 'CD'), ('67', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), (\"employees'\", 'NN'), ('provid', 'NN'), ('fund', 'NN'), ('miscellan', 'NN'), ('provis', 'VBP'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1988', 'CD'), ('33', 'CD'), ('1988', 'CD'), ('68', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('prevent', 'NN'), ('corrupt', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1988', 'CD'), ('49', 'CD'), ('1988', 'CD'), ('69', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1993', 'CD'), ('42', 'CD'), ('1993', 'CD'), ('70', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1995', 'CD'), ('24', 'CD'), ('1995', 'CD'), ('71', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('inform', 'NN'), ('technolog', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2000', 'CD'), ('21', 'CD'), ('2000', 'CD'), ('72', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('elect', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2003', 'CD'), ('24', 'CD'), ('2003', 'CD'), ('73', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('code', 'NN'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('procedur', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2005', 'CD'), ('25', 'CD'), ('2005', 'CD'), ('74', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2005', 'CD'), ('2', 'CD'), ('2006', 'CD'), ('75', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('inform', 'NN'), ('technolog', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2008', 'CD'), ('10', 'CD'), ('2009', 'CD'), ('76', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2013', 'CD'), ('13', 'CD'), ('2013', 'CD'), ('77', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2018', 'CD'), ('2018', 'CD'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('I', 'PRP'), ('chapter', 'VBP'), ('II', 'NNP'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('iii', 'NN'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('IV', 'NNP'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('V', 'NNP'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('VA', 'NNP'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('VI', 'NNP'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('vii', 'NN'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('viii', 'NN'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('IX', 'NNP'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('ixa', 'NN'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('X', 'NNP'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('XI', 'NNP'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xii', 'NNP'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xiii', 'NNP'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xiv', 'NNP'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('XV', 'NNP'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xvi', 'NNP'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xvii', 'NNP'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xviii', 'NNP'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xix', 'NNP'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('XX', 'NNP'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xxa', 'NNP'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xxi', 'NNP'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xxii', 'NNP'), ('chapter', 'NN'), ('xxiii', 'VBD'), ('120b', 'CD'), ('conspiracy)', 'NN'), ('121', 'CD'), ('govern', 'JJ'), ('india)', 'NN'), ('122', 'CD'), ('194', 'CD'), ('evid', 'JJ'), ('procur', 'NN'), ('convict', 'NN'), ('capit', 'NN'), ('offence)', 'VBD'), ('302,', 'CD'), ('303', 'CD'), ('305', 'CD'), ('suicide)', 'NN'), ('364a', 'CD'), ('ransom)', 'NN'), ('364a', 'CD'), ('murder)', 'NN'), ('376a', 'CD'), ('1', 'CD'), ('2', 'CD'), ('3', 'CD'), ('4', 'CD'), ('5', 'CD'), ('20', 'CD'), ('124a', 'CD'), ('294', 'CD'), ('299', 'CD'), ('homicide)', 'NN'), ('304', 'CD'), ('homicid', 'NN'), ('amount', 'NN'), ('murder)', 'VBD'), ('309', 'CD'), ('suicide)', 'NN'), ('320', 'CD'), ('hurt)', 'NN'), ('326a', 'CD'), ('attack)', 'NN'), ('326b', 'CD'), ('acid', 'NN'), ('attack)', 'NN'), ('377', 'CD'), ('offences)', 'NN'), ('420', 'CD'), ('497', 'CD'), ('constitut', 'NN'), ('india', 'NN'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('code', 'NN'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('procedur', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('parliament', 'NN'), ('ordin', 'NN'), ('In', 'IN'), ('forcein', 'NN'), ('forc', 'JJ'), ('real', 'JJ'), ('estat', 'NN'), ('development)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2016', 'CD'), ('consum', 'NN'), ('protect', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1986', 'CD'), ('consum', 'NN'), ('protect', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2019', 'CD'), ('essenti', 'NN'), ('commod', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('essenti', 'JJ'), ('servic', 'JJ'), ('mainten', 'VBN'), ('act', 'JJ'), ('benami', 'NN'), ('transact', 'NN'), ('act,', 'IN'), ('1988', 'CD'), ('black', 'JJ'), ('money', 'NN'), ('foreign', 'JJ'), ('incom', 'NN'), ('assets)', 'VBD'), ('imposit', 'JJ'), ('tax', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2015', 'CD'), ('prevent', 'NN'), ('corrupt', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1988', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('lokpal', 'JJ'), ('lokayukta', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2013', 'CD'), ('mine', 'NN'), ('miner', 'NN'), ('regulation)', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('prevent', 'JJ'), ('money', 'NN'), ('launder', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2002', 'CD'), ('whistl', 'NN'), ('blower', 'NN'), ('protect', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2011', 'CD'), ('arm', 'NN'), ('forc', 'NN'), ('powers)', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('arm', 'NN'), ('forc', 'NN'), ('tribun', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2007', 'CD'), ('arm', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1959', 'CD'), ('armi', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1950', 'CD'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2013', 'CD'), ('cigarett', 'NN'), ('other', 'JJ'), ('tobacco', 'NN'), ('product', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('evid', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('juvenil', 'NN'), ('justic', 'JJ'), ('protect', 'NN'), ('children)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('2015', 'CD'), ('nation', 'NN'), ('secur', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('protect', 'VBP'), ('woman', 'NN'), ('domest', 'JJS'), ('violenc', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2005', 'CD'), ('schedul', 'NN'), ('cast', 'VBD'), ('schedul', 'JJ'), ('tribe', 'NN'), ('atrocities)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1989', 'CD'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('institut', 'NN'), ('manag', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2017', 'CD'), ('institut', 'NN'), ('technolog', 'NN'), ('act,', 'IN'), ('1961', 'CD'), ('nation', 'NN'), ('institut', 'FW'), ('technolog', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2007', 'CD'), ('right', 'JJ'), ('child', 'NN'), ('free', 'JJ'), ('compulsori', 'NN'), ('educ', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2009', 'CD'), ('univers', 'NNS'), ('grant', 'JJ'), ('commiss', 'JJ'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1956', 'CD'), ('air', 'NN'), ('control', 'NN'), ('pollution)', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('biolog', 'NN'), ('diver', 'RB'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('2002', 'CD'), ('campa', 'NN'), ('bill', 'NN'), ('environ', 'VBZ'), ('protect', 'VBP'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('1986', 'CD'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('forest', 'JJS'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('1927', 'CD'), ('nation', 'NN'), ('green', 'JJ'), ('tribun', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('prevent', 'NN'), ('cruelti', 'NN'), ('anim', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('protect', 'NN'), ('plant', 'NN'), ('varieti', 'NN'), (\"farmers'\", 'RB'), ('right', 'RB'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('2001', 'CD'), ('wildlif', 'NN'), ('protect', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1972', 'CD'), ('aadhaar', 'NN'), ('deliveri', 'NN'), ('financi', 'NN'), ('subsidies,', 'NN'), ('benefit', 'NN'), ('services)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'IN'), ('2016', 'CD'), ('bank', 'NN'), ('regul', 'NN'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('1949', 'CD'), ('conserv', 'JJ'), ('foreign', 'JJ'), ('exchang', 'NN'), ('prevent', 'NN'), ('smuggl', 'NN'), ('activ', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('depositori', 'VBZ'), ('act', 'IN'), ('the', 'DT'), ('electr', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2003', 'CD'), ('expenditur', 'NN'), ('tax', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1987', 'CD'), ('financ', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('fiscal', 'JJ'), ('respons', 'NNS'), ('budget', 'NN'), ('manag', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2003', 'CD'), ('foreign', 'JJ'), ('contribut', 'NN'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('2010', 'CD'), ('foreign', 'JJ'), ('exchang', 'FW'), ('manag', 'FW'), ('act', 'NN'), ('fugit', 'JJ'), ('econom', 'JJ'), ('offend', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('geograph', 'NN'), ('indic', 'JJ'), ('good', 'JJ'), ('protection)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1999', 'CD'), ('govern', 'JJ'), ('secur', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2006', 'CD'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('contract', 'NN'), ('act,', 'IN'), ('1872', 'CD'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('stamp', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1899', 'CD'), ('insolv', 'NN'), ('bankruptci', 'NN'), ('code,', 'NN'), ('2016', 'CD'), ('insur', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1938', 'CD'), ('negoti', 'JJ'), ('instrument', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1881', 'CD'), ('secur', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2014', 'CD'), ('securitis', 'NN'), ('reconstruct', 'NN'), ('financi', 'JJ'), ('asset', 'NN'), ('enforc', 'NN'), ('secur', 'VBP'), ('interest', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2002', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('competit', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2002', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('high', 'JJ'), ('denomin', 'NN'), ('bank', 'NN'), ('note', 'NN'), ('act,', 'IN'), ('1978', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('income-tax', 'JJ'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1961', 'CD'), ('transfer', 'NN'), ('properti', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('1882', 'CD'), ('urban', 'JJ'), ('land', 'NN'), ('regulation)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1976', 'CD'), ('central', 'JJ'), ('council', 'NN'), ('homoeopathi', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1973', 'CD'), ('clinic', 'JJ'), ('establish', 'VB'), ('regulation)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'IN'), ('2010', 'CD'), ('dentist', 'NN'), ('act', 'JJ'), ('drug', 'NN'), ('cosmet', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1940', 'CD'), ('drug', 'NN'), ('magic', 'NN'), ('remedi', 'NN'), ('advertisements)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1954', 'CD'), ('hiv/aid', 'NN'), ('prevent', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('medic', 'JJ'), ('council', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('mental', 'JJ'), ('health', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1987', 'CD'), ('narcot', 'JJ'), ('drug', 'NN'), ('psychotrop', 'NN'), ('substanc', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1985', 'CD'), ('mental', 'JJ'), ('health', 'NN'), ('care', 'NN'), ('act,', 'IN'), ('2017', 'CD'), ('bond', 'NN'), ('labor', 'NN'), ('system', 'NN'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('1976', 'CD'), ('factori', 'JJ'), ('act,1948,', 'IN'), ('india', 'JJ'), ('industri', 'NN'), ('disput', 'NN'), ('act,', 'IN'), ('1947', 'CD'), ('interst', 'JJ'), ('migrant', 'JJ'), ('workman', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('1979', 'CD'), ('matern', 'JJ'), ('benefit', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2017', 'CD'), ('minimum', 'NN'), ('wage', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('1948', 'CD'), ('nation', 'NN'), ('rural', 'JJ'), ('employ', 'NN'), ('guarante', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2005', 'CD'), ('sexual', 'JJ'), ('harass', 'NN'), ('woman', 'NN'), ('workplac', 'VBZ'), ('prohibit', 'NN'), ('redressal)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2013', 'CD'), ('unorganis', 'NN'), (\"workers'\", 'WRB'), ('social', 'JJ'), ('secur', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('2008', 'CD'), ('hindu', 'NN'), ('adopt', 'VB'), ('mainten', 'VBN'), ('act', 'JJ'), ('major', 'JJ'), ('act', 'NN'), ('hindu', 'NN'), ('minor', 'JJ'), ('guardianship', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('hindu', 'NN'), ('success', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1956', 'CD'), ('special', 'JJ'), ('marriag', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1954', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('hindu', 'NN'), ('marriag', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1955', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('christian', 'JJ'), ('marriag', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1872', 'CD'), ('right', 'JJ'), ('person', 'NN'), ('disabl', 'NNS'), ('act,', 'IN'), ('2016', 'CD'), ('child', 'NN'), ('labour', 'CC'), ('regulation)', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('indec', 'JJ'), ('represent', 'JJ'), ('woman', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('nation', 'NN'), ('food', 'NN'), ('secur', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2013', 'CD'), ('pre-concept', 'JJ'), ('pre-nat', 'JJ'), ('diagnost', 'NN'), ('techniqu', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1994', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('prohibit', 'NN'), ('child', 'JJ'), ('marriag', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2006', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('schedul', 'NN'), ('tribe', 'VBZ'), ('other', 'JJ'), ('tradit', 'NN'), ('forest', 'JJS'), ('dweller', 'NN'), ('forest', 'NN'), ('rights)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2006', 'CD'), ('street', 'NN'), ('vendor', 'NN'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('2014', 'CD'), ('anti-superstit', 'JJ'), ('black', 'JJ'), ('magic', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('the', 'DT'), ('bombay', 'JJ'), ('prohibit', 'NN'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('1949', 'CD'), ('bombay', 'NN'), ('prohibit', 'NN'), ('amendment)', 'JJ'), ('2009', 'CD'), ('chhattisgarh', 'NN'), ('food', 'NN'), ('secur', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2012', 'CD'), ('karnataka', 'NN'), ('control', 'NN'), ('organis', 'NN'), ('crime', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('maharashtra', 'VB'), ('control', 'NN'), ('organis', 'NN'), ('crime', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('punjab', 'VB'), ('control', 'NN'), ('organis', 'NN'), ('crime', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('the', 'DT'), ('gujarat', 'NN'), ('local', 'JJ'), ('author', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('bill,', 'NN'), ('2009', 'CD'), ('puducherri', 'NN'), ('prevent', 'NN'), ('anti-soci', 'JJ'), ('activ', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('andhra', 'IN'), ('pradesh', 'JJ'), ('reorganis', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2014', 'CD'), ('bihar', 'NN'), ('reorganis', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2000', 'CD'), ('jammu', 'NN'), ('kashmir', 'NN'), ('reorganis', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2019', 'CD'), ('madhya', 'NN'), ('pradesh', 'JJ'), ('reorganis', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2000', 'CD'), ('punjab', 'NN'), ('reorganis', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1966', 'CD'), ('state', 'NN'), ('reorganis', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1956', 'CD'), ('uttar', 'NN'), ('pradesh', 'JJ'), ('reorganis', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2000', 'CD'), ('anti-hijack', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2016', 'CD'), ('unlaw', 'NN'), ('activ', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('aircraft', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('motor', 'NN'), ('vehicl', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('1988', 'CD'), ('nation', 'NN'), ('waterway', 'NN'), ('act,', 'IN'), ('2016', 'CD'), ('inland', 'NN'), ('vessel', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('metro', 'FW'), ('railway', 'NN'), ('act,', 'IN'), ('1978', 'CD'), ('metro', 'NN'), ('railway', 'NN'), ('act,', 'IN'), ('2002', 'CD'), ('charter', 'NN'), ('account', 'NN'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('1949', 'CD'), ('compani', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('2013', 'CD'), ('gram', 'NN'), ('nyayalaya', 'CC'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2008', 'CD'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('trust', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1882', 'CD'), ('micro,', 'NN'), ('small', 'JJ'), ('medim', 'NN'), ('enterpris', 'NN'), ('develop', 'VB'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('2006', 'CD'), ('panchayat', 'NN'), ('schedul', 'NN'), ('areas)', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('1996', 'CD'), ('reserv', 'NN'), ('bank', 'NN'), ('india', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1934', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('partnership', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1932', 'CD'), ('societi', 'NN'), ('registr', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1860', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('limit', 'NN'), ('liabil', 'VBZ'), ('partnership', 'NN'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('2008', 'CD'), ('repeal', 'NN'), ('amend', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2015', 'CD'), ('repeal', 'NN'), ('amend', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2015', 'CD'), ('repeal', 'NN'), ('amend', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2016', 'CD'), ('repeal', 'NN'), ('amend', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2017', 'CD'), ('repeal', 'NN'), ('amend', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2017', 'CD'), ('all', 'DT'), ('india', 'VBP'), ('servic', 'JJ'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1951', 'CD'), ('delimit', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('enemi', 'JJ'), ('properti', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1968', 'CD'), ('inform', 'NN'), ('technolog', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2000', 'CD'), ('nuclear', 'JJ'), ('liabil', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('offici', 'IN'), ('secret', 'JJ'), ('act', 'NN'), ('represent', 'NN'), ('peopl', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1951', 'CD'), ('right', 'JJ'), ('fair', 'NN'), ('compens', 'NNS'), ('transpar', 'JJ'), ('land', 'NN'), ('acquisition,', 'NN'), ('rehabilit', 'NN'), ('resettl', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2013', 'CD'), ('right', 'JJ'), ('inform', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2005', 'CD'), ('state', 'NN'), ('emblem', 'VBD'), ('india', 'JJ'), ('improp', 'NN'), ('use)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2005', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('foreign', 'JJ'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1946', 'CD'), ('repealedrep', 'NN'), ('age', 'NN'), ('consent', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1891', 'CD'), ('cast', 'NN'), ('disabl', 'NN'), ('remov', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1850', 'CD'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('tribe', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('hindu', 'NN'), (\"widows'\", 'NN'), ('remarriag', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1856', 'CD'), ('english', 'JJ'), ('educ', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('1835', 'CD'), ('prevent', 'NN'), ('sediti', 'JJ'), ('meet', 'NN'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('1907', 'CD'), ('anti-copi', 'JJ'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1992', 'CD'), ('foreign', 'JJ'), ('exchang', 'FW'), ('regul', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('gift', 'NN'), ('tax', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1958', 'CD'), ('illeg', 'NN'), ('migrant', 'NN'), ('tribunal)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1983', 'CD'), ('interest', 'NN'), ('tax', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1974', 'CD'), ('mainten', 'NN'), ('intern', 'JJ'), ('secur', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('prevent', 'NN'), ('terror', 'NN'), ('act,', 'IN'), ('2002', 'CD'), ('terrorist', 'JJ'), ('disrupt', 'JJ'), ('activ', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('the', 'DT'), ('gold', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1968', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('muslim', 'NN'), ('woman', 'NN'), ('right', 'RB'), ('divorce)', 'VBZ'), ('act', 'JJ'), ('1986', 'CD'), ('wealth', 'NN'), ('tax', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1957', 'CD'), ('billsbil', 'NN'), ('citizenship', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('bill', 'NN'), ('2016', 'CD'), ('foreign', 'JJ'), ('educ', 'NN'), ('provid', 'NN'), ('bill,', 'NN'), ('2013', 'CD'), ('geospati', 'NN'), ('inform', 'NN'), ('regul', 'NN'), ('bill', 'NN'), ('gujarat', 'VB'), ('control', 'NN'), ('organis', 'NN'), ('crime', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('marriag', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('bill', 'NN'), ('uniform', 'JJ'), ('civil', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('surrogaci', 'NN'), ('bill,', 'NN'), ('2019', 'CD'), ('transgend', 'NN'), ('person', 'NN'), ('rights)', 'NN'), ('bill,', 'NN'), ('2019', 'CD'), ('judg', 'NN'), ('asset', 'NN'), ('bill', 'NN'), (\"women'\", 'VBP'), ('reserv', 'JJ'), ('bill', 'NN'), ('citizenship', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('bill', 'NN'), ('2016', 'CD'), ('An', 'DT'), ('act', 'NN'), ('provid', 'NN'), ('gener', 'NN'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('india', 'NN'), ('1', 'CD'), ('history2', 'NN'), ('objective3', 'NN'), ('structure4', 'VBD'), ('controversi', 'JJ'), ('4.1', 'CD'), ('unnatur', 'JJ'), ('offenc', 'JJ'), ('section', 'NN'), ('377', 'CD'), ('4.2', 'CD'), ('attempt', 'NN'), ('commit', 'NN'), ('suicid', 'NN'), ('section', 'NN'), ('309', 'CD'), ('4.3', 'CD'), ('adulteri', 'JJ'), ('section', 'NN'), ('497', 'CD'), ('4.4', 'CD'), ('death', 'NN'), ('penalti', 'NN'), ('punishment)', 'VBP'), ('4.1', 'CD'), ('unnatur', 'JJ'), ('offenc', 'JJ'), ('section', 'NN'), ('3774.2', 'CD'), ('attempt', 'NN'), ('commit', 'NN'), ('suicid', 'NN'), ('section', 'NN'), ('3094.3', 'CD'), ('adulteri', 'JJ'), ('section', 'NN'), ('4974.4', 'CD'), ('death', 'NN'), ('penalti', 'NN'), ('punishment)5', 'NN'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('justic', 'JJ'), ('reforms6', 'NN'), ('amendments7', 'NN'), ('acclaim8', 'NN'), ('cultur', 'NN'), ('references9', 'NN'), ('see', 'VBP'), ('also10', 'JJ'), ('references11', 'VB'), ('further', 'JJ'), ('reading12', 'NN'), ('extern', 'JJ'), ('linksof', 'JJ'), ('offenc', 'NN'), ('affect', 'JJ'), ('life', 'NN'), ('includ', 'NN'), ('murder,', 'NN'), ('culpabl', 'NN'), ('homicid', 'VBD'), ('299', 'CD'), ('311)of', 'CD'), ('caus', 'NN'), ('miscarriage,', 'NN'), ('injuri', 'NN'), ('unborn', 'JJ'), ('children,', 'NN'), ('exposur', 'NN'), ('infants,', 'NN'), ('conceal', 'NN'), ('birth', 'NN'), ('312', 'CD'), ('318)of', 'CD'), ('hurt', 'VBD'), ('319', 'CD'), ('338)of', 'CD'), ('wrong', 'JJ'), ('restraint', 'NN'), ('wrong', 'JJ'), ('confin', 'NN'), ('339', 'CD'), ('348)of', 'CD'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('forc', 'NN'), ('assault', 'NN'), ('349', 'CD'), ('358)of', 'CD'), ('kidnapping,', 'NN'), ('abduction,', 'NN'), ('slaveri', 'NN'), ('forc', 'VBD'), ('labour', 'JJ'), ('359', 'CD'), ('374)sexual', 'JJ'), ('offenc', 'NN'), ('includ', 'NN'), ('rape', 'NN'), ('sodomi', 'VBD'), ('375', 'CD'), ('377)of', 'CD'), ('theft', 'NN'), ('378', 'CD'), ('382)of', 'CD'), ('extort', 'NN'), ('383', 'CD'), ('389)of', 'CD'), ('robberi', 'NN'), ('dacoiti', 'VBD'), ('390', 'CD'), ('402)of', 'CD'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('misappropri', 'NN'), ('properti', 'VBD'), ('403', 'CD'), ('404)of', 'CD'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('breach', 'NN'), ('trust', 'NN'), ('405', 'CD'), ('409)of', 'CD'), ('receiv', 'NN'), ('stolen', 'VBN'), ('properti', 'RB'), ('410', 'CD'), ('414)of', 'CD'), ('cheat', 'NN'), ('415', 'CD'), ('420)of', 'CD'), ('fraudul', 'NNS'), ('deed', 'VBD'), ('disposit', 'NN'), ('properti', 'NN'), ('421', 'CD'), ('424)of', 'CD'), ('mischief', 'NN'), ('425', 'CD'), ('440)of', 'CD'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('trespass', 'NN'), ('441', 'CD'), ('462)offenc', 'CD'), ('relat', 'JJ'), ('document', 'NN'), ('463', 'CD'), ('477-a)off', 'JJ'), ('relat', 'NN'), ('properti', 'NN'), ('other', 'JJ'), ('mark', 'NN'), ('478', 'CD'), ('489)offenc', 'CD'), ('relat', 'JJ'), ('currenc', 'NNS'), ('note', 'VBP'), ('bank', 'NN'), ('note', 'NN'), ('489a', 'CD'), ('489e)sect', 'CD'), ('377', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('delhi', 'NN'), ('high', 'JJ'), ('court', 'NN'), ('2', 'CD'), ('juli', 'NN'), ('2009', 'CD'), ('gave', 'VBD'), ('liber', 'NNP'), ('interpret', 'JJ'), ('section', 'NN'), ('laid', 'NN'), ('section', 'NN'), ('use', 'IN'), ('punish', 'JJ'), ('act', 'NN'), ('consensu', 'NN'), ('sexual', 'JJ'), ('intercours', 'NN'), ('two', 'CD'), ('sex', 'NN'), ('individuals.[8]on', 'NN'), ('11', 'CD'), ('decemb', 'NN'), ('2013,', 'CD'), ('suprem', 'JJ'), ('court', 'NN'), ('india', 'VBD'), ('over-rul', 'JJ'), ('judgment', 'NN'), ('given', 'VBN'), ('delhi', 'RB'), ('high', 'JJ'), ('court', 'NN'), ('2009', 'CD'), ('clarifi', 'NN'), ('377,', 'CD'), ('hold', 'JJ'), ('same-sex', 'JJ'), ('relat', 'JJ'), ('unnatural,', 'NN'), ('suffer', 'NN'), ('unconstitutionality\".', 'IN'), ('the', 'DT'), ('bench', 'NN'), ('said:', 'NN'), ('hold', 'VBP'), ('section', 'NN'), ('377', 'CD'), ('suffer', 'NN'), ('unconstitution', 'NN'), ('declar', 'NN'), ('made', 'VBD'), ('divis', 'JJ'), ('bench', 'JJ'), ('high', 'JJ'), ('court', 'NN'), ('legal', 'JJ'), ('unsustainable.\"', 'JJ'), ('it,', 'NN'), ('however,', 'NN'), ('said:', 'NN'), ('verdict,', 'NN'), ('compet', 'NN'), ('legislatur', 'VBP'), ('shall', 'MD'), ('free', 'JJ'), ('consid', 'NN'), ('desir', 'NN'), ('proprieti', 'NN'), ('delet', 'NN'), ('section', 'NN'), ('377', 'CD'), ('statut', 'NN'), ('book', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('per', 'IN'), ('suggest', 'NN'), ('made', 'VBN'), ('attorney-gener', 'JJ'), ('g.e.', 'NN'), ('vahanvati.\"[9]on', 'NN'), ('8', 'CD'), ('januari', 'NN'), ('2018,', 'CD'), ('suprem', 'JJ'), ('court', 'NN'), ('agre', 'NN'), ('reconsid', 'NN'), ('2013', 'CD'), ('decis', 'NN'), ('much', 'JJ'), ('deliber', 'NN'), ('agre', 'NN'), ('decriminalis', 'JJ'), ('part', 'NN'), ('section', 'NN'), ('377', 'CD'), ('criminalis', 'NN'), ('sex', 'NN'), ('relat', 'VBZ'), ('6', 'CD'), ('septemb', 'NN'), ('2018.', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('judgement', 'NN'), ('suresh', 'JJ'), ('kumar', 'NN'), ('koushal', 'NN'), ('v.', 'NN'), ('naz', 'JJ'), ('foundat', 'NN'), ('overruled.[11]civil', 'NN'), ('procedur', 'NN'), ('code,', 'NN'), ('1908code', 'CD'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('procedure,', 'NN'), ('1973indian', 'CD'), ('evid', 'NN'), ('actcategory:indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('sections^', 'NN'), (\"universal'\", 'JJ'), ('guid', 'NN'), ('judici', 'NN'), ('servic', 'JJ'), ('examination.', 'NN'), ('univers', 'NNS'), ('law', 'NN'), ('publishing.', 'VBP'), ('p.', '$'), ('2.', 'CD'), ('isbn', 'JJ'), ('978-93-5035-029-4..mw-parser-output', 'CD'), ('cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output', 'JJ'), ('q{quotes:\"\\\\\"\"\"\\\\\"\"\"\\'\"\"\\'\"}.mw-parser-output', 'JJ'), ('a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/lock-green.svg/9px-lock-green.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', 'JJ'), ('center}.mw-parser-output', 'JJ'), ('a,.mw-parser-output', 'JJ'), ('a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', 'JJ'), ('center}.mw-parser-output', 'JJ'), ('a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-lock-red-alt-2.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', 'JJ'), ('center}.mw-parser-output', 'JJ'), ('span,.mw-parser-output', 'JJ'), ('span{border-bottom:1px', 'JJ'), ('dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output', 'JJ'), ('a{background:url(\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/wikisource-logo.svg/12px-wikisource-logo.svg.png\")no-repeat;background-position:right', 'JJ'), ('center}.mw-parser-output', 'JJ'), ('code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output', 'NN'), ('lal', 'NN'), ('kalla,', 'NN'), ('krishan', 'VBD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('literari', 'NN'), ('heritag', 'NN'), ('kashmir.', 'NN'), ('jammu', 'NN'), ('kashmir:', 'VBD'), ('mittal', 'JJ'), ('publications.', 'NN'), ('p.', 'NN'), ('75.', 'CD'), ('retriev', 'NN'), ('19', 'CD'), ('septemb', 'NN'), ('2014.', 'CD'), ('commiss', 'JJ'), ('india', 'NN'), ('earli', 'NN'), ('beginnings\".', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('commiss', 'NN'), ('india.', 'NN'), ('retriev', 'VBD'), ('19', 'CD'), ('septemb', 'NN'), ('2014.', 'CD'), ('introduct', 'NN'), ('ipc', 'NN'), ('ipc', 'NN'), ('ipc', 'NN'), ('pdf)\".', 'NN'), ('b.m.gandhi.', 'NN'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('panel', 'NN'), ('code', 'NN'), ('ed.).', 'NN'), ('ebc.', 'VBP'), ('pp.', 'NN'), ('1–832.', 'CD'), ('isbn', 'JJ'), ('978-81-7012-892-2.', 'CD'), ('b.m.gandhi.', 'NN'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code.', 'NN'), ('ebc.', 'NN'), ('pp.', 'NN'), ('1–796.', 'CD'), ('isbn', 'JJ'), ('978-81-7012-892-2.', 'CD'), ('high', 'JJ'), ('court', 'NN'), ('strike', 'NN'), ('section', 'NN'), ('377', 'CD'), ('ipc\".', 'NN'), ('the', 'DT'), ('hindu.', 'NN'), ('3', 'CD'), ('juli', 'NN'), ('2009.', 'CD'), ('issn', 'JJ'), ('0971-751x.', 'JJ'), ('retriev', 'NN'), ('24', 'CD'), ('septemb', 'NN'), ('2018.', 'CD'), ('venkatesan,', 'NN'), ('J.', 'NNP'), ('decemb', 'VBZ'), ('2013).', 'CD'), ('court', 'NN'), ('set', 'VBD'), ('asid', 'RP'), ('delhi', 'JJ'), ('HC', 'NNP'), ('verdict', 'NN'), ('decriminalis', 'NN'), ('gay', 'NN'), ('sex\".', 'VBD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('hindu.', 'NN'), ('issn', 'JJ'), ('0971-751x.', 'JJ'), ('retriev', 'NN'), ('24', 'CD'), ('septemb', 'NN'), ('2018.', 'CD'), ('decriminalis', 'NN'), ('section', 'NN'), ('377:', 'CD'), ('A', 'NNP'), ('timelin', 'NN'), ('case\".', 'NN'), ('time', 'NN'), ('india.', 'JJ'), ('6', 'CD'), ('septemb', 'NN'), ('2018.', 'CD'), ('retriev', 'NN'), ('7', 'CD'), ('septemb', 'NN'), ('2018.', 'CD'), (\"court'\", 'NN'), ('decis', 'NN'), ('section', 'NN'), ('377:', 'CD'), ('separ', 'NN'), ('decis', 'NN'), ('5', 'CD'), ('judg', 'NN'), ('judgement]\".', 'NN'), ('www.lawji.in.', 'VBD'), ('retriev', 'JJ'), ('9', 'CD'), ('septemb', 'NN'), ('2018.', 'CD'), ('decrimin', 'NN'), ('attempt', 'NN'), ('commit', 'NN'), ('suicide,', 'NN'), ('remov', 'NN'), ('section', 'NN'), ('309\".', 'CD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('time', 'NN'), ('india.', 'VBZ'), ('10', 'CD'), ('decemb', 'NN'), ('2014.', 'CD'), ('retriev', 'NN'), ('15', 'CD'), ('august', 'NN'), ('2015.', 'CD'), ('suicide\".', 'NN'), ('press', 'NN'), ('inform', 'NN'), ('bureau.', 'NN'), ('ministri', 'VBD'), ('home', 'NN'), ('affairs,', 'NN'), ('govern', 'JJ'), ('india.', 'NN'), ('retriev', 'NN'), ('15', 'CD'), ('august', 'NN'), ('2015.', 'CD'), ('HC', 'NNP'), ('say', 'VBP'), ('santhara', 'NN'), ('illegal,', 'NN'), ('jain', 'NN'), ('saint', 'NN'), ('want', 'VBP'), ('PM', 'NNP'), ('modi', 'FW'), ('move', 'NN'), ('sc\".', 'VBD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('express.', 'NN'), ('retriev', 'NN'), ('15', 'CD'), ('august', 'NN'), ('2015.', 'CD'), ('HC', 'NNP'), ('ban', 'NN'), ('starvat', 'NN'), ('ritual', 'JJ'), ('say', 'VBP'), ('fast', 'RB'), ('unto', 'JJ'), ('death', 'NN'), ('essenti', 'NN'), ('tenet', 'NN'), ('jainism\".', 'NN'), ('ibn', 'JJ'), ('live.', 'JJ'), ('cnn-ibn.', 'JJ'), ('10', 'CD'), ('august', 'JJ'), ('2015.', 'CD'), ('retriev', 'NN'), ('15', 'CD'), ('august', 'NN'), ('2015.', 'CD'), ('privat', 'NN'), ('property,', 'NN'), ('trespassing\".', 'IN'), ('the', 'DT'), ('time', 'NN'), ('india.', 'VBZ'), ('17', 'CD'), ('juli', 'NN'), ('2015.', 'CD'), ('retriev', 'NN'), ('15', 'CD'), ('august', 'NN'), ('2015.', 'CD'), ('law', 'NN'), ('bias', 'NN'), ('men,', 'NNS'), ('say', 'VBP'), ('suprem', 'JJ'), ('court\".', 'VBP'), ('the', 'DT'), ('time', 'NN'), ('india.', 'VBZ'), ('3', 'CD'), ('decemb', 'NN'), ('2011.', 'CD'), ('retriev', 'NN'), ('15', 'CD'), ('august', 'NN'), ('2015.', 'CD'), ('abrams,', 'NN'), ('corinn', 'NN'), ('septemb', 'VBD'), ('2015).', 'CD'), ('reason', 'NN'), (\"india'\", 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('commiss', 'NNS'), ('say', 'VBP'), ('death', 'NN'), ('penalti', 'NN'), ('should', 'MD'), ('Be', 'VB'), ('scrapped\".', 'JJ'), ('reform', 'NN'), ('committe', 'NN'), ('recommend', 'VBP'), ('separ', 'NN'), ('investig', 'NN'), ('prosecut', 'NN'), ('power', 'NN'), ('retriev', 'VBD'), ('23', 'CD'), ('may', 'MD'), ('2012.', 'CD'), ('parliament', 'NN'), ('india.', 'NN'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code\"', 'NN'), ('childlineindia.org.in.', 'NN'), ('retriev', 'VBZ'), ('7', 'CD'), ('june', 'NN'), ('2015.', 'CD'), ('thi', 'NN'), ('articl', 'NN'), ('incorpor', 'NN'), ('text', 'NN'), ('source,', 'JJ'), ('public', 'JJ'), ('domain.', 'VBZ'), ('the', 'DT'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code,', 'NN'), ('1860.', 'CD'), ('current', 'JJ'), ('publications.', 'NN'), ('7', 'CD'), ('may', 'MD'), ('2015.', 'CD'), ('retriev', 'NN'), ('8', 'CD'), ('june', 'NN'), ('2015.', 'CD'), ('endur', 'NN'), ('lauded\".', 'VBD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('new', 'JJ'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('express.', 'NN'), ('retriev', 'NN'), ('24', 'CD'), ('septemb', 'NN'), ('2018.', 'CD'), ('henri', 'NN'), ('scholberg', 'VBD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('return', 'NN'), ('raj:', 'NN'), ('novel,', 'JJ'), ('northstar', 'NN'), ('publications,', 'NN'), ('1992,', 'CD'), ('peopl', 'NN'), ('saying,', 'NN'), ('plu', 'VBP'), ('four', 'CD'), ('equal', 'JJ'), ('char', 'NN'), ('sau', 'NN'), (\"bees.'\", 'NN'), ('char', 'NN'), ('sou', 'VBD'), ('bee', '$'), ('420', 'CD'), ('number', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('counterfeit', 'NN'), ('star', 'NN'), ('plus,', 'IN'), ('the', 'DT'), ('great', 'JJ'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('laughter', 'NN'), ('challeng', 'NN'), ('joke', 'NN'), ('book,', 'IN'), ('popular', 'JJ'), ('prakashan,', 'NN'), ('isbn', 'JJ'), ('978-81-7991-343-7,', 'CD'), ('tazeerat-e-hind,', 'JJ'), ('dafa', 'NN'), ('302', 'CD'), ('ke', 'NN'), ('tahat,', 'NN'), ('mujrim', 'JJ'), ('ko', 'NN'), ('maut', 'NN'), ('ki', 'NN'), ('saza', 'NN'), ('sunai', 'NN'), ('jaati', 'NN'), ('hai', 'NN'), ('alok', 'NN'), ('tomar;', 'NN'), ('monisha', 'NN'), ('shah;', 'NN'), ('jonathan', 'NN'), ('lynn', 'VBZ'), ('Ji', 'NNP'), ('mantriji:', 'VBD'), ('the', 'DT'), ('diari', 'NN'), ('shri', 'NN'), ('suryaprakash', 'NN'), ('singh,', 'NN'), ('penguin', 'NN'), ('book', 'NN'), ('associ', 'NN'), ('bbc', 'NN'), ('worldwide,', 'VBD'), ('2001,', 'CD'), ('isbn', 'JJ'), ('978-0-14-302767-6,', 'CD'), (\"we'd\", 'JJ'), ('death', 'NN'), ('penalti', 'NN'), ('back', 'RB'), ('tomorrow.', 'JJ'), ('dafa', 'NN'), ('302,', 'CD'), ('taaziraat-e-hind', 'NN'), ('hung', 'NN'), ('neck', 'NN'), ('death', 'NN'), ('D.', 'NNP'), ('P.', 'NNP'), ('mishra', 'NNP'), ('septemb', 'VBD'), ('2006),', 'CD'), ('great', 'JJ'), ('master', 'NN'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('cinema:', 'NN'), ('dadasaheb', 'NN'), ('phalk', 'NN'), ('award', 'IN'), ('winnersgreat', 'NN'), ('master', 'NN'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('cinema', 'NN'), ('series,', 'VBZ'), ('public', 'JJ'), ('division,', 'NN'), ('ministri', 'NN'), ('inform', 'NN'), ('broadcasting,', 'NN'), ('govern', 'JJ'), ('india,', 'NN'), ('2006,', 'CD'), ('isbn', 'JJ'), ('978-81-230-1361-9,', 'CD'), ('badti', 'NN'), ('Ka', 'NNP'), ('naam', 'NN'), ('dadhi', 'NN'), ('1975),', 'CD'), ('chhoti', 'NN'), ('Si', 'NNP'), ('baat', 'VBZ'), ('1975),', 'CD'), ('dafa', 'NN'), ('302', 'CD'), ('1', 'CD'), ('975),', 'CD'), ('chori', 'NN'), ('mera', 'NN'), ('kaam', 'VBZ'), ('1975),', 'CD'), ('Ek', 'NNP'), ('mahal', 'NN'), ('Ho', 'NNP'), ('sapnon', 'NN'), ('Ka', 'NNP'), ('420\"', 'CD'), ('via', 'IN'), ('www.imdb.com.', 'NN'), ('haasan,', 'NN'), ('kamal;', 'NN'), ('puri,', 'NN'), ('amrish;', 'NN'), ('puri,', 'NN'), ('om;', 'NN'), ('tabu', 'NN'), ('decemb', 'VBZ'), ('1997),', 'CD'), ('chachi', 'NN'), ('420,', 'CD'), ('retriev', 'NN'), ('3', 'CD'), ('april', 'NN'), ('2017', 'CD'), ('c.k.takwani', 'NN'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code.', 'NN'), ('eastern', 'JJ'), ('book', 'NN'), ('company.murlidhar', 'NN'), ('chaturvedi', 'NN'), ('bhartiya', 'NN'), ('dand', 'NN'), ('sanhita,1860.', 'NN'), ('ebc.', 'JJ'), ('isbn', 'JJ'), ('978-93-5028-140-6.surend', 'JJ'), ('malik;', 'NN'), ('sudeep', 'NN'), ('malik', 'NN'), ('suprem', 'JJ'), ('court', 'NN'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code.', 'NN'), ('ebc.', 'NN'), ('isbn', 'JJ'), ('978-93-5145-218-8.constitut', 'CD'), ('indiadownload', 'NN'), ('constitut', 'NN'), ('Of', 'IN'), ('india', 'JJ'), ('free', 'JJ'), ('In', 'IN'), ('hindi', 'JJ'), ('englishindian', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('code', 'NN'), ('1860i.p.c', 'CD'), ('friendly)vtechapt', 'NN'), ('ichapt', 'NN'), ('iichapt', 'NN'), ('iiichapt', 'NN'), ('ivchapt', 'NN'), ('vchapter', 'NN'), ('vachapt', 'NN'), ('vichapt', 'NN'), ('viichapt', 'NN'), ('viiichapt', 'NN'), ('ixchapt', 'NN'), ('ixachapt', 'NN'), ('xchapter', 'NNP'), ('xichapt', 'NNP'), ('xiichapt', 'NNP'), ('xiiichapt', 'NNP'), ('xivchapt', 'NNP'), ('xvchapter', 'NNP'), ('xvichapt', 'NNP'), ('xviichapt', 'NNP'), ('xviiichapt', 'NNP'), ('xixchapt', 'NNP'), ('xxchapter', 'NNP'), ('xxachapt', 'NNP'), ('xxichapt', 'NNP'), ('xxiichapt', 'NNP'), ('xxiii120b', 'NNP'), ('conspiracy)121', 'NN'), ('govern', 'NN'), ('india)122', 'NN'), ('evid', 'NN'), ('procur', 'VBP'), ('convict', 'NN'), ('capit', 'NN'), ('offence)302,', 'VBD'), ('303', 'CD'), ('suicide)364a', 'NN'), ('ransom)364a', 'NN'), ('murder)376a', 'NN'), ('homicide)304', 'NN'), ('homicid', 'NN'), ('amount', 'NN'), ('murder)309', 'NN'), ('suicide)320', 'NN'), ('hurt)326a', 'NN'), ('attack)326b', 'NN'), ('acid', 'NN'), ('attack)377', 'NN'), ('offences)420497', 'IN'), ('india', 'JJ'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('codecod', 'NN'), ('crimin', 'NN'), ('procedur', 'NN'), ('parliamentordinancer', 'NN'), ('estat', 'VBP'), ('development)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2016consum', 'CD'), ('protect', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1986consum', 'CD'), ('protect', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2019essenti', 'CD'), ('commod', 'NN'), ('actessenti', 'NN'), ('servic', 'NN'), ('mainten', 'FW'), ('actbenami', 'JJ'), ('transact', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('1988black', 'CD'), ('money', 'NN'), ('foreign', 'JJ'), ('incom', 'NN'), ('assets)', 'VBD'), ('imposit', 'JJ'), ('tax', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2015prevent', 'CD'), ('corrupt', 'JJ'), ('act,', 'RB'), ('1988the', 'CD'), ('lokpal', 'JJ'), ('lokayukta', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('2013mine', 'CD'), ('miner', 'NN'), ('regulation)', 'NN'), ('actprevent', 'JJ'), ('money', 'NN'), ('launder', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBZ'), ('2002whistl', 'CD'), ('blower', 'NN'), ('protect', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBZ'), ('2011arm', 'CD'), ('forc', 'NN'), ('powers)', 'NN'), ('actarm', 'NN'), ('forc', 'NN'), ('tribun', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('2007arm', 'CD'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1959armi', 'CD'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1950crimin', 'CD'), ('law', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2013cigarett', 'CD'), ('other', 'JJ'), ('tobacco', 'NN'), ('product', 'NN'), ('actindian', 'JJ'), ('evid', 'JJ'), ('actjuvenil', 'NN'), ('justic', 'JJ'), ('protect', 'NN'), ('children)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('2015nation', 'CD'), ('secur', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('woman', 'NN'), ('domest', 'JJS'), ('violenc', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2005schedul', 'CD'), ('cast', 'NN'), ('schedul', 'NN'), ('tribe', 'NN'), ('atrocities)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('1989indian', 'CD'), ('institut', 'JJ'), ('manag', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('2017institut', 'CD'), ('technolog', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('1961nation', 'CD'), ('institut', 'JJ'), ('technolog', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('2007right', 'CD'), ('child', 'JJ'), ('free', 'JJ'), ('compulsori', 'NN'), ('educ', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('2009univers', 'CD'), ('grant', 'NN'), ('commiss', 'NN'), ('act,', 'RB'), ('1956air', 'CD'), ('control', 'NN'), ('pollution)', 'NN'), ('actbiolog', 'NN'), ('diver', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBZ'), ('2002campa', 'CD'), ('billenviron', 'NN'), ('protect', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBZ'), ('1986indian', 'CD'), ('forest', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1927nation', 'CD'), ('green', 'JJ'), ('tribun', 'NN'), ('actprevent', 'NN'), ('cruelti', 'NN'), ('anim', 'NN'), ('actprotect', 'NN'), ('plant', 'NN'), ('varieti', 'NN'), (\"farmers'\", 'RB'), ('right', 'JJ'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2001wildlif', 'CD'), ('protect', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1972aadhaar', 'CD'), ('deliveri', 'NN'), ('financi', 'NN'), ('subsidies,', 'NN'), ('benefit', 'NN'), ('services)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBZ'), ('2016bank', 'CD'), ('regul', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('1949conserv', 'CD'), ('foreign', 'JJ'), ('exchang', 'JJ'), ('prevent', 'NN'), ('smuggl', 'NN'), ('activ', 'NN'), ('actdepositori', 'IN'), ('actth', 'JJ'), ('electr', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('2003expenditur', 'CD'), ('tax', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1987financ', 'CD'), ('act', 'JJ'), ('respons', 'NNS'), ('budget', 'NN'), ('manag', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBZ'), ('2003foreign', 'CD'), ('contribut', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('2010foreign', 'CD'), ('exchang', 'NN'), ('manag', 'NN'), ('actfugit', 'JJ'), ('econom', 'JJ'), ('offend', 'NN'), ('actgeograph', 'NN'), ('indic', 'JJ'), ('good', 'JJ'), ('protection)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBZ'), ('1999govern', 'CD'), ('secur', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2006indian', 'CD'), ('contract', 'NN'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('1872indian', 'CD'), ('stamp', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1899insolv', 'CD'), ('bankruptci', 'NN'), ('code,', 'NN'), ('2016insur', 'CD'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1938negoti', 'CD'), ('instrument', 'NN'), ('act,', 'RB'), ('1881secur', 'CD'), ('law', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2014securitis', 'CD'), ('reconstruct', 'NN'), ('financi', 'JJ'), ('asset', 'NN'), ('enforc', 'NN'), ('secur', 'VBP'), ('interest', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2002the', 'CD'), ('competit', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2002the', 'CD'), ('high', 'JJ'), ('denomin', 'NN'), ('bank', 'NN'), ('note', 'NN'), ('act,', 'IN'), ('1978the', 'CD'), ('income-tax', 'JJ'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1961transfer', 'CD'), ('properti', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('1882urban', 'CD'), ('land', 'NN'), ('regulation)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBZ'), ('1976central', 'CD'), ('council', 'NN'), ('homoeopathi', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('1973clinic', 'CD'), ('establish', 'VB'), ('regulation)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'IN'), ('2010dentist', 'CD'), ('actdrug', 'JJ'), ('cosmet', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('1940drug', 'CD'), ('magic', 'JJ'), ('remedi', 'NN'), ('advertisements)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBZ'), ('1954hiv/aid', 'CD'), ('prevent', 'NN'), ('actindian', 'JJ'), ('medic', 'JJ'), ('council', 'NN'), ('actment', 'JJ'), ('health', 'NN'), ('act,', 'RB'), ('1987narcot', 'CD'), ('drug', 'NN'), ('psychotrop', 'NN'), ('substanc', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBZ'), ('1985mental', 'CD'), ('health', 'NN'), ('care', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBZ'), ('2017bond', 'CD'), ('labor', 'NN'), ('system', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('1976factori', 'CD'), ('act,1948,', 'NN'), ('indiaindustri', 'NN'), ('disput', 'VBD'), ('act,', 'RB'), ('1947interst', 'CD'), ('migrant', 'JJ'), ('workman', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('1979matern', 'CD'), ('benefit', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2017minimum', 'CD'), ('wage', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('1948nation', 'CD'), ('rural', 'JJ'), ('employ', 'NN'), ('guarante', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('2005sexual', 'CD'), ('harass', 'NN'), ('woman', 'NN'), ('workplac', 'VBZ'), ('prohibit', 'NN'), ('redressal)', 'JJ'), ('act,', 'RB'), ('2013unorganis', 'CD'), (\"workers'\", 'JJ'), ('social', 'JJ'), ('secur', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('2008hindu', 'CD'), ('adopt', 'JJ'), ('mainten', 'VBN'), ('act', 'JJ'), ('act', 'NN'), ('minor', 'JJ'), ('guardianship', 'NN'), ('acthindu', 'NN'), ('success', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('1956special', 'CD'), ('marriag', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1954the', 'CD'), ('hindu', 'NN'), ('marriag', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('1955the', 'CD'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('christian', 'JJ'), ('marriag', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('1872right', 'CD'), ('person', 'NN'), ('disabl', 'JJ'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2016child', 'CD'), ('labour', 'NN'), ('regulation)', 'NN'), ('actindec', 'JJ'), ('represent', 'NN'), ('woman', 'NN'), ('actnat', 'VBD'), ('food', 'NN'), ('secur', 'NN'), ('act,', 'IN'), ('2013pre-concept', 'JJ'), ('pre-nat', 'JJ'), ('diagnost', 'NN'), ('techniqu', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('1994the', 'CD'), ('prohibit', 'NN'), ('child', 'NN'), ('marriag', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('2006the', 'CD'), ('schedul', 'NN'), ('tribe', 'NN'), ('other', 'JJ'), ('tradit', 'NN'), ('forest', 'JJS'), ('dweller', 'NN'), ('forest', 'NN'), ('rights)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('2006street', 'CD'), ('vendor', 'NN'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('2014anti-superstit', 'JJ'), ('black', 'JJ'), ('magic', 'NN'), ('actth', 'NN'), ('bombay', 'NN'), ('prohibit', 'NN'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('1949bombay', 'CD'), ('prohibit', 'NN'), ('amendment)', 'JJ'), ('2009chhattisgarh', 'CD'), ('food', 'NN'), ('secur', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('2012karnataka', 'CD'), ('control', 'NN'), ('organis', 'NN'), ('crime', 'NN'), ('actmaharashtra', 'NN'), ('control', 'NN'), ('organis', 'NN'), ('crime', 'NN'), ('actpunjab', 'NN'), ('control', 'NN'), ('organis', 'NN'), ('crime', 'NN'), ('actth', 'NN'), ('gujarat', 'VB'), ('local', 'JJ'), ('author', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('bill,', 'NN'), ('2009puducherri', 'CD'), ('prevent', 'NN'), ('anti-soci', 'JJ'), ('activ', 'NN'), ('actandhra', 'NN'), ('pradesh', 'JJ'), ('reorganis', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('2014bihar', 'CD'), ('reorganis', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2000jammu', 'CD'), ('kashmir', 'NN'), ('reorganis', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('2019madhya', 'CD'), ('pradesh', 'JJ'), ('reorganis', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('2000punjab', 'CD'), ('reorganis', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1966state', 'CD'), ('reorganis', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1956uttar', 'CD'), ('pradesh', 'JJ'), ('reorganis', 'NN'), ('act,', 'IN'), ('2000anti-hijack', 'JJ'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2016unlaw', 'CD'), ('activ', 'NN'), ('actaircraft', 'NN'), ('actmotor', 'NN'), ('vehicl', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('19881988nation', 'CD'), ('waterway', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2016inland', 'CD'), ('vessel', 'NN'), ('actmetro', 'JJ'), ('railway', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('1978metro', 'CD'), ('railway', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2002charter', 'CD'), ('account', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('1949compani', 'CD'), ('act', 'NN'), ('2013gram', 'CD'), ('nyayalaya', 'JJ'), ('act,', 'RB'), ('2008indian', 'JJ'), ('trust', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1882micro,', 'CD'), ('small', 'JJ'), ('medim', 'NNS'), ('enterpris', 'VBP'), ('develop', 'VB'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('2006panchayat', 'CD'), ('schedul', 'NN'), ('areas)', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('1996reserv', 'CD'), ('bank', 'NN'), ('india', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBZ'), ('1934the', 'CD'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('partnership', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('1932societi', 'CD'), ('registr', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1860the', 'CD'), ('limit', 'NN'), ('liabil', 'NN'), ('partnership', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBZ'), ('2008repeal', 'CD'), ('amend', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2015repeal', 'CD'), ('amend', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2015repeal', 'CD'), ('amend', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2016repeal', 'CD'), ('amend', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2017repeal', 'CD'), ('amend', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2017all', 'CD'), ('india', 'NN'), ('servic', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('1951delimit', 'CD'), ('actenemi', 'NN'), ('properti', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('1968inform', 'CD'), ('technolog', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('2000nuclear', 'CD'), ('liabil', 'NN'), ('actoffici', 'NN'), ('secret', 'JJ'), ('act', 'NN'), ('peopl', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('1951right', 'CD'), ('fair', 'JJ'), ('compens', 'NNS'), ('transpar', 'JJ'), ('land', 'NN'), ('acquisition,', 'NN'), ('rehabilit', 'NN'), ('resettl', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('2013right', 'CD'), ('inform', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('2005state', 'CD'), ('emblem', 'NN'), ('india', 'NN'), ('improp', 'NN'), ('use)', 'JJ'), ('act,', 'RB'), ('2005the', 'CD'), ('foreign', 'JJ'), ('act,', 'RB'), ('1946age', 'CD'), ('consent', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1891cast', 'CD'), ('disabl', 'NN'), ('remov', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('1850crimin', 'CD'), ('tribe', 'NN'), ('acthindu', 'NN'), (\"widows'\", 'NN'), ('remarriag', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('1856english', 'CD'), ('educ', 'NN'), ('act', 'NN'), ('1835prevent', 'CD'), ('sediti', 'JJ'), ('meet', 'NN'), ('act,', 'JJ'), ('1907anti-copi', 'JJ'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1992foreign', 'CD'), ('exchang', 'NN'), ('regul', 'NN'), ('actgift', 'NN'), ('tax', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1958illeg', 'CD'), ('migrant', 'NN'), ('tribunal)', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBD'), ('1983interest', 'CD'), ('tax', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1974mainten', 'CD'), ('intern', 'JJ'), ('secur', 'JJ'), ('actprevent', 'NN'), ('terror', 'NN'), ('act,', 'VBZ'), ('2002terrorist', 'CD'), ('disrupt', 'JJ'), ('activ', 'NN'), ('actth', 'NN'), ('gold', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1968the', 'CD'), ('muslim', 'NN'), ('woman', 'NN'), ('right', 'RB'), ('divorce)', 'VBZ'), ('act', 'JJ'), ('1986wealth', 'CD'), ('tax', 'NN'), ('act,', 'NN'), ('1957citizenship', 'CD'), ('amend', 'NN'), ('bill', 'NN'), ('2016foreign', 'CD'), ('educ', 'NN'), ('provid', 'NN'), ('bill,', 'VBD'), ('2013geospati', 'CD'), ('inform', 'NN'), ('regul', 'NN'), ('billgujarat', 'NN'), ('control', 'NN'), ('organis', 'NN'), ('crime', 'NN'), ('actmarriag', 'NN'), ('law', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('billuniform', 'VBN'), ('civil', 'JJ'), ('codesurrogaci', 'NN'), ('bill,', 'VBD'), ('2019transgend', 'CD'), ('person', 'NN'), ('rights)', 'NN'), ('bill,', 'VBD'), ('2019judg', 'CD'), ('asset', 'NN'), (\"billwomen'\", 'NN'), ('reserv', 'VBP'), ('billcitizenship', 'NN'), ('amend', 'VBP'), ('bill', 'NN'), ('2016indian', 'CD'), ('penal', 'JJ'), ('codeact', 'NN'), ('parliament', 'NN'), ('indialegisl', 'NN'), ('british', 'JJ'), ('indiacrimin', 'NN'), ('codes1860', 'NN'), ('british', 'JJ'), ('law1860', 'NN'), ('law1860', 'NN'), ('indiaus', 'NN'), ('dmi', 'NN'), ('date', 'NN'), ('june', 'NN'), ('2016use', 'CD'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('english', 'JJ'), ('june', 'NN'), ('2016all', 'CD'), ('wikipedia', 'NN'), ('articl', 'NN'), ('written', 'VBN'), ('indian', 'JJ'), ('englishpag', 'NN'), ('use', 'NN'), ('collaps', 'NNS'), ('list', 'NN'), ('background', 'IN'), ('text-align', 'JJ'), ('titlestylepag', 'NN'), ('use', 'NN'), ('deprec', 'NN'), ('paramet', 'NN'), ('legisl', 'NN'), ('infoboxal', 'NN'), ('articl', 'NN'), ('unsourc', 'JJ'), ('statementsarticl', 'NN'), ('unsourc', 'JJ'), ('statement', 'NN'), ('decemb', 'NN'), ('2010not', 'CD'), ('log', 'NN'), ('intalkcontributionscr', 'NN'), ('accountlog', 'NN'), ('inarticletalkreadeditview', 'NN'), ('historymain', 'VBP'), ('pagecontentsfeatur', 'JJ'), ('contentcurr', 'NN'), ('eventsrandom', 'NN'), ('articledon', 'IN'), ('wikipediawikipedia', 'NN'), ('storehelpabout', 'NN'), ('wikipediacommun', 'NN'), ('portalrec', 'NN'), ('changescontact', 'NN'), ('pagewhat', 'IN'), ('link', 'NN'), ('hererel', 'NN'), ('changesupload', 'NN'), ('filespeci', 'NN'), ('pagesperman', 'NN'), ('linkpag', 'VBZ'), ('informationwikidata', 'JJ'), ('itemcit', 'NN'), ('pagecr', 'NN'), ('bookdownload', 'NN'), ('pdfprintabl', 'NN'), ('versionঅসমীয়াবাংলাગુજરાતીहिन्दीbahasa', 'NN'), ('indonesiaമലയാളംमराठीଓଡ଼ିଆਪੰਜਾਬੀsimpl', 'NN'), ('englishதமிழ்తెలుగుاردو', 'NN'), ('thi', 'NN'), ('page', 'NN'), ('last', 'JJ'), ('edit', 'NN'), ('5', 'CD'), ('octob', 'NN'), ('2019,', 'CD'), ('21:36', 'CD'), ('avail', 'NN'), ('creativ', 'NN'), ('common', 'JJ'), ('attribution-sharealik', 'JJ'), ('license;', 'NN'), ('addit', 'JJ'), ('term', 'NN'), ('may', 'MD'), ('apply.', 'VB'), ('By', 'IN'), ('use', 'NN'), ('site,', 'NN'), ('agre', 'JJ'), ('term', 'NN'), ('use', 'NN'), ('privaci', 'NN'), ('policy.', 'NN'), ('wikipedia®', 'JJ'), ('regist', 'NN'), ('trademark', 'NN'), ('wikimedia', 'NN'), ('foundation,', 'NN'), ('inc.,', 'JJ'), ('non-profit', 'JJ'), ('organization.privaci', 'NN'), ('policyabout', 'IN'), ('wikipediadisclaimerscontact', 'JJ'), ('wikipediadeveloperscooki', 'JJ'), ('statementmobil', 'NN'), ('view', 'NN')]\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "JbDTSDx3flC7",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        "#directory = '/content/drive/My Drive/Test_corpus'\n",
        "#for filename in os.listdir(directory):\n",
        "   # if '.ipynb_checkpoints' in filename:\n",
        "        #print(\"yes\")\n",
        "    #else:\n",
        "        #print(\"no\")\n",
        "    "
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "fX6uZYM7Bt7A",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        ""
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "R-xuXnXpVjwV",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "**CHUNKING**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "zt9KyeKYI25C",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        "train_sentence_sample = listToString(train_sentence_sample)\n",
        "test_sentence_sample = listToString(test_sentence_sample)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "gS1QZRSRtWWP",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        "custom_sent_tokenizer = PunktSentenceTokenizer(train_sentence_sample)\n",
        "tokenized = custom_sent_tokenizer.tokenize(test_sentence_sample)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "kv755t3tJWiq",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "03440366-6c75-4364-8cdd-4e0e05ffafe8",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 35
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "print(type(tokenized))"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "<class 'list'>\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "aYUP1GxaIAT-",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        "def chunking_function():\n",
        "    try:\n",
        "        for i in tokenized:\n",
        "            words = nltk.word_tokenize(i)\n",
        "            tagged = nltk.pos_tag(words)\n",
        "            chunkGram = r\"\"\"Chunk: {<RB.?>*<VB.?>*<NNP>+<NN>?}\"\"\"\n",
        "            chunkParser = nltk.RegexpParser(chunkGram)\n",
        "            chunked = chunkParser.parse(tagged)\n",
        "            \n",
        "            print(chunked)\n",
        "            for subtree in chunked.subtrees(filter=lambda t: t.label() == 'Chunk'):\n",
        "                print(subtree)\n",
        "\n",
        "            chunked.draw()\n",
        "\n",
        "    except Exception as e:\n",
        "        print(str(e))"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "m6RMfPewIFua",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "2c8b38af-a504-443a-9a69-02906ffa28e3",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 395
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "chunking_function()"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "(S\n",
            "  ^/NN\n",
            "  ``/``\n",
            "  (Chunk Supreme/NNP Court/NNP)\n",
            "  's/POS\n",
            "  decision/NN\n",
            "  on/IN\n",
            "  Section/NN\n",
            "  377/CD\n",
            "  :/:\n",
            "  Separate/JJ\n",
            "  decision/NN\n",
            "  of/IN\n",
            "  5/CD\n",
            "  Judges/NNS\n",
            "  (Chunk [/VBP Read/NNP Judgement/NNP ]/NNP)\n",
            "  ''/''\n",
            "  ./.)\n",
            "(Chunk Supreme/NNP Court/NNP)\n",
            "(Chunk [/VBP Read/NNP Judgement/NNP ]/NNP)\n",
            "no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "4FHo5eGHVpr8",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "**SAMPLE STRING TO CHECK THE NER FUNCTIONING**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "58B9u7aAcnxV",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        "sample_array = ['''However, these documents suggest, with respect, that: (i) Neither counsel for the taxpayer, nor counsel for the Commissioner, nor the Tribunal was aware that the taxpayer had not included any ground in his notice of objection going to the additional tax imposed at label D of the amended notice of assessment'''\n",
        "                          '''In Commonwealth Bank Officers Superannuation Corporation Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation [2005] FCAFC 244 (30 November 2005, unreported) the Full Court of this Court observed at [29] --- [30]:\n",
        "                           '...Section 43 empowers the Tribunal to exercise all the powers and discretions conferred upon the original decision-maker, provided it does so for the purpose of reviewing a decision'''       \n",
        "                         ]\n",
        "\n",
        "\n",
        "test_array = ['''I mean, it couldn't be the case that having regard to the number of taxpayers and the way the Commissioner must administer the Act that not to put at least copies of the agreements, that that was full disclosure'''\n",
        "                      '''Where a taxpayer omits an item of assessable income from their return, s.223(7) deems the taxpayer to have made a statement in their return to the effect that they did not derive that item of income'''\n",
        "                      '''In his written submissions in reply, the Commissioner refocussed his argument, to where it always should have been focussed, on subs 43(1) of the AAT Act'''\n",
        "                      '''In Commonwealth Bank Officers Superannuation Corporation Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation [2005] FCAFC 244 (30 November 2005, unreported) the Full Court of this Court observed at [29] --- [30]:\n",
        "                           '...Section 43 empowers the Tribunal to exercise all the powers and discretions conferred upon the original decision-maker, provided it does so for the purpose of reviewing a decision'''       \n",
        "                     ]\n",
        "\n",
        "dummy_my_example = ['''Only France and Italy backed Fischler's proposal''']"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Lp-Da5ToVxI4",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "**NAMED ENITITY RECOGNITITON**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "9Y29iBDReiwZ",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        "def NER():\n",
        "    try:\n",
        "        for item in filtered_tokens_1:\n",
        "            tokenized = nltk.word_tokenize(item)\n",
        "            tagged = nltk.pos_tag(tokenized)\n",
        "            #print(tagged)\n",
        "\n",
        "            namedEnt = nltk.ne_chunk(tagged)\n",
        "            print(namedEnt)\n",
        "\n",
        "    except Exception as e:\n",
        "        print(str(e))"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "xA6Zo7Lscnt5",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "e80da438-634a-40e8-ea27-7ac0552f841d",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 1000
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "NER()"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S official/NN)\n",
            "(S criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S code/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP) ./.)\n",
            "(S It/PRP)\n",
            "(S comprehensive/NN)\n",
            "(S code/NN)\n",
            "(S intended/VBN)\n",
            "(S cover/NN)\n",
            "(S substantive/JJ)\n",
            "(S aspects/NNS)\n",
            "(S criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S law/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S code/NN)\n",
            "(S drafted/VBN)\n",
            "(S 1860/CD)\n",
            "(S recommendations/NNS)\n",
            "(S first/RB)\n",
            "(S law/NN)\n",
            "(S commission/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP))\n",
            "(S established/VBN)\n",
            "(S 1834/CD)\n",
            "(S Charter/NN)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S 1833/CD)\n",
            "(S Chairmanship/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Lord/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Thomas/NNP))\n",
            "(S (PERSON Babington/NNP))\n",
            "(S\n",
            "  (GPE Macaulay/NNP)\n",
            "  ./.\n",
            "  [/CC\n",
            "  1/CD\n",
            "  ]/JJ\n",
            "  [/$\n",
            "  2/CD\n",
            "  ]/NNP\n",
            "  [/VBD\n",
            "  3/CD\n",
            "  ]/NN)\n",
            "(S It/PRP)\n",
            "(S came/VBD)\n",
            "(S force/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE British/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP))\n",
            "(S early/RB)\n",
            "(S (GPE British/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Raj/NN))\n",
            "(S period/NN)\n",
            "(S 1862/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S However/RB ,/,)\n",
            "(S apply/VB)\n",
            "(S automatically/RB)\n",
            "(S Princely/RB)\n",
            "(S states/NNS ,/,)\n",
            "(S courts/NNS)\n",
            "(S legal/JJ)\n",
            "(S systems/NNS)\n",
            "(S 1940s/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S since/IN)\n",
            "(S amended/VBN)\n",
            "(S several/JJ)\n",
            "(S times/NNS)\n",
            "(S supplemented/VBN)\n",
            "(S criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S provisions/NNS ./.)\n",
            "(S After/IN)\n",
            "(S partition/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE British/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Empire/NN) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S inherited/VBN)\n",
            "(S successor/NN)\n",
            "(S states/NNS ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Dominion/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Dominion/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Pakistan/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S continues/VBZ)\n",
            "(S independently/RB)\n",
            "(S (GPE Pakistan/NN))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NNP) ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Ranbir/NN))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S applicable/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Jammu/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Kashmir/NNP))\n",
            "(S also/RB)\n",
            "(S based/VBN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S However/RB ,/,)\n",
            "(S successful/JJ)\n",
            "(S passage/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Jammu/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Kashmir/NNP))\n",
            "(S Reorganisation/NN)\n",
            "(S (PERSON Bill/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2019/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Rajya/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Sabha/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Lok/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Sabha/NN))\n",
            "(S respectively/RB ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Ranbir/NN))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S repealed/VBN)\n",
            "(S 31/CD)\n",
            "(S October/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2019/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S henceforth/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S extended/VBN)\n",
            "(S region/NN)\n",
            "(S aforementioned/VBN)\n",
            "(S date/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S After/IN)\n",
            "(S separation/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Bangladesh/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Pakistan/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S code/NN)\n",
            "(S continued/JJ)\n",
            "(S force/NN)\n",
            "(S there/RB ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S also/RB)\n",
            "(S adopted/VBN)\n",
            "(S (GPE British/JJ))\n",
            "(S colonial/NN)\n",
            "(S authorities/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Colonial/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Burma/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Ceylon/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Sri/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Lanka/NNP) )/) ,/,)\n",
            "(S Straits/NNS)\n",
            "(S Settlements/NNS)\n",
            "(S part/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Malaysia/NNP) )/) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Singapore/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Brunei/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S remains/NNS)\n",
            "(S basis/NN)\n",
            "(S criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S codes/NNS)\n",
            "(S countries/NNS ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S draft/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S prepared/JJ)\n",
            "(S First/RB)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S Commission/NNP ,/,)\n",
            "(S chaired/VBN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Thomas/NNP))\n",
            "(S (PERSON Babington/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Macaulay/NN))\n",
            "(S 1834/CD)\n",
            "(S submitted/VBN)\n",
            "(S Governor-General/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Council/NN))\n",
            "(S 1835/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S Its/PRP$)\n",
            "(S basis/NN)\n",
            "(S law/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE England/NNP))\n",
            "(S freed/NN)\n",
            "(S superfluities/NNS ,/,)\n",
            "(S technicalities/NNS)\n",
            "(S local/JJ)\n",
            "(S peculiarities/NNS ./.)\n",
            "(S Elements/NNS)\n",
            "(S also/RB)\n",
            "(S derived/VBN)\n",
            "(S Napoleonic/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S (PERSON Edward/NNP))\n",
            "(S (PERSON Livingston/NNP) 's/POS)\n",
            "(S (GSP Louisiana/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Civil/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S 1825/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S first/RB)\n",
            "(S final/JJ)\n",
            "(S draft/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S submitted/VBN)\n",
            "(S Governor-General/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Council/NN))\n",
            "(S 1837/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S draft/NN)\n",
            "(S revised/VBN ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S drafting/VBG)\n",
            "(S completed/VBN)\n",
            "(S 1850/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S presented/VBN)\n",
            "(S Legislative/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Council/NN))\n",
            "(S 1856/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S take/VB)\n",
            "(S place/NN)\n",
            "(S statute/NN)\n",
            "(S book/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE British/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP))\n",
            "(S generation/NN)\n",
            "(S later/RB ,/,)\n",
            "(S following/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Rebellion/NN)\n",
            "(S 1857/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S draft/NN)\n",
            "(S underwent/NN)\n",
            "(S careful/NN)\n",
            "(S revision/NN)\n",
            "(S hands/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Barnes/NNS))\n",
            "(S (GPE Peacock/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S later/RB)\n",
            "(S became/VBD)\n",
            "(S first/RB)\n",
            "(S (GPE Chief/NN))\n",
            "(S Justice/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Calcutta/NN))\n",
            "(S High/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Court/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S future/NN)\n",
            "(S puisne/NN)\n",
            "(S judges/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Calcutta/NN))\n",
            "(S High/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Court/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S members/NNS)\n",
            "(S Legislative/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Council/NN) ,/,)\n",
            "(S passed/VBN)\n",
            "(S law/NN)\n",
            "(S 6/CD)\n",
            "(S October/NNP)\n",
            "(S 1860/CD ./. [/VB 4/CD ]/NN)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S came/VBD)\n",
            "(S operation/NN)\n",
            "(S 1/CD)\n",
            "(S January/NNP)\n",
            "(S 1862/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Macaulay/NN))\n",
            "(S survive/NN)\n",
            "(S see/VB)\n",
            "(S masterpiece/NN)\n",
            "(S come/VB)\n",
            "(S force/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S died/VBD)\n",
            "(S near/IN)\n",
            "(S end/NN)\n",
            "(S 1859/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION IPC/NN))\n",
            "(S generic/NN)\n",
            "(S essentials/NNS)\n",
            "(S form/NN)\n",
            "(S law/NN)\n",
            "(S commission/NN)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S objective/NN)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S provide/NN)\n",
            "(S general/JJ)\n",
            "(S penal/NN)\n",
            "(S code/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP) ./. [/CC 5/CD ]/NN)\n",
            "(S Though/IN)\n",
            "(S initial/JJ)\n",
            "(S objective/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S repeal/NN)\n",
            "(S penal/NN)\n",
            "(S laws/NNS)\n",
            "(S force/NN)\n",
            "(S time/NN)\n",
            "(S coming/VBG)\n",
            "(S force/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP) ./.)\n",
            "(S This/DT)\n",
            "(S done/VBN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S contain/NN)\n",
            "(S offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S possible/JJ)\n",
            "(S offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S might/MD)\n",
            "(S still/RB)\n",
            "(S left/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S intended/VBN)\n",
            "(S exempted/VBN)\n",
            "(S penal/NN)\n",
            "(S consequences/NNS ./.)\n",
            "(S Though/IN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S consolidates/NNS)\n",
            "(S whole/JJ)\n",
            "(S law/NN)\n",
            "(S subject/NN)\n",
            "(S exhaustive/JJ)\n",
            "(S matters/NNS)\n",
            "(S respect/NN)\n",
            "(S declares/NNS)\n",
            "(S law/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S many/JJ)\n",
            "(S penal/NN)\n",
            "(S statutes/NNS)\n",
            "(S governing/VBG)\n",
            "(S various/JJ)\n",
            "(S offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S created/VBN)\n",
            "(S addition/NN)\n",
            "(S code/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S 1860/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S sub-divided/JJ)\n",
            "(S 23/CD)\n",
            "(S chapters/NNS ,/,)\n",
            "(S comprises/NNS)\n",
            "(S 511/CD)\n",
            "(S sections/NNS ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S starts/NNS)\n",
            "(S introduction/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S provides/VBZ)\n",
            "(S explanations/NNS)\n",
            "(S exceptions/NNS)\n",
            "(S used/VBN)\n",
            "(S it/PRP ,/,)\n",
            "(S covers/NNS)\n",
            "(S wide/JJ)\n",
            "(S range/NN)\n",
            "(S offences/NNS ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Outline/NN))\n",
            "(S presented/VBN)\n",
            "(S following/VBG)\n",
            "(S table/NN :/: [/$ 6/CD ]/NN)\n",
            "(S Right/RB)\n",
            "(S Private/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Defence/NN))\n",
            "(S 96/CD)\n",
            "(S 106/CD )/))\n",
            "(S Various/JJ)\n",
            "(S sections/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S controversial/JJ ./.)\n",
            "(S They/PRP)\n",
            "(S challenged/NN)\n",
            "(S courts/NNS)\n",
            "(S claiming/VBG)\n",
            "(S Constitution/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP) ./.)\n",
            "(S Also/RB)\n",
            "(S demand/NN)\n",
            "(S abolition/NN)\n",
            "(S controversial/JJ)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION IPC/NN))\n",
            "(S sections/NNS)\n",
            "(S completely/RB)\n",
            "(S partially/RB ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Whoever/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S voluntarily/RB)\n",
            "(S carnal/NN)\n",
            "(S intercourse/NN)\n",
            "(S order/NN)\n",
            "(S nature/NN)\n",
            "(S man/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S woman/NN)\n",
            "(S animal/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S shall/MD)\n",
            "(S punished/VBN)\n",
            "(S imprisonment/NN)\n",
            "(S life/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S imprisonment/NN)\n",
            "(S either/DT)\n",
            "(S description/NN)\n",
            "(S term/NN)\n",
            "(S may/MD)\n",
            "(S extend/NN)\n",
            "(S ten/NNS)\n",
            "(S years/NNS ,/,)\n",
            "(S shall/MD)\n",
            "(S also/RB)\n",
            "(S liable/JJ)\n",
            "(S fine/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Explanation/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Penetration/NN))\n",
            "(S sufficient/NN)\n",
            "(S constitute/NN)\n",
            "(S carnal/NN)\n",
            "(S intercourse/NN)\n",
            "(S necessary/JJ)\n",
            "(S offence/NN)\n",
            "(S described/NN)\n",
            "(S section/NN ./. [/CC 7/CD ]/NN)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Section/NN)\n",
            "(S 309/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S deals/NNS)\n",
            "(S unsuccessful/JJ)\n",
            "(S attempt/NN)\n",
            "(S suicide/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S Attempting/VBG)\n",
            "(S commit/NN)\n",
            "(S suicide/NN)\n",
            "(S act/NN)\n",
            "(S towards/NNS)\n",
            "(S commission/NN)\n",
            "(S offence/NN)\n",
            "(S punishable/JJ)\n",
            "(S imprisonment/NN)\n",
            "(S one/CD)\n",
            "(S year/NN)\n",
            "(S fine/NN)\n",
            "(S both/DT ./.)\n",
            "(S Considering/VBG)\n",
            "(S long-standing/NN)\n",
            "(S demand/NN)\n",
            "(S recommendations/NNS)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S Commission/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S repeatedly/RB)\n",
            "(S endorsed/VBN)\n",
            "(S repeal/NN)\n",
            "(S section/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S Government/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP))\n",
            "(S December/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2014/CD)\n",
            "(S decided/VBD)\n",
            "(S decriminalise/NN)\n",
            "(S attempt/NN)\n",
            "(S commit/NN)\n",
            "(S suicide/NN)\n",
            "(S dropping/VBG)\n",
            "(S Section/NN)\n",
            "(S 309/CD)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION IPC/NN))\n",
            "(S statute/NN)\n",
            "(S book/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S Though/IN)\n",
            "(S decision/NN)\n",
            "(S found/NN)\n",
            "(S favour/NN)\n",
            "(S states/NNS ,/,)\n",
            "(S others/NNS)\n",
            "(S argued/VBD)\n",
            "(S would/MD)\n",
            "(S make/VB)\n",
            "(S law/NN)\n",
            "(S enforcement/NN)\n",
            "(S agencies/NNS)\n",
            "(S helpless/NN)\n",
            "(S people/NNS)\n",
            "(S resort/NN)\n",
            "(S fast/NN)\n",
            "(S unto/NN)\n",
            "(S death/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S self-immolation/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S etc./NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S pointing/VBG)\n",
            "(S case/NN)\n",
            "(S anti-AFSPA/NN)\n",
            "(S activist/NN)\n",
            "(S Irom/NN)\n",
            "(S Chanu/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Sharmila/NNP) ./. [/CC 12/CD ]/NN)\n",
            "(S In/IN)\n",
            "(S February/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2015/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S Legislative/JJ)\n",
            "(S Department/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Ministry/NNP))\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S Justice/NN)\n",
            "(S asked/VBN)\n",
            "(S Government/NN)\n",
            "(S prepare/NN)\n",
            "(S draft/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (PERSON Bill/NN))\n",
            "(S regard/NN ./. [/CC 13/CD ]/NN)\n",
            "(S In/IN)\n",
            "(S August/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2015/CD)\n",
            "(S ruling/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Rajasthan/NN))\n",
            "(S High/JJ)\n",
            "(S Court/NNP)\n",
            "(S made/VBN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Jain/NN))\n",
            "(S practice/NN)\n",
            "(S undertaking/NN)\n",
            "(S voluntary/JJ)\n",
            "(S death/NN)\n",
            "(S fasting/VBG)\n",
            "(S end/NN)\n",
            "(S person/NN 's/POS)\n",
            "(S life/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S known/VBN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Santhara/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S punishable/JJ)\n",
            "(S sections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 306/CD)\n",
            "(S 309/CD)\n",
            "(S IPC/NNP ./.)\n",
            "(S This/DT)\n",
            "(S led/VBN)\n",
            "(S controversy/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S sections/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Jain/NN))\n",
            "(S community/NN)\n",
            "(S urging/VBG)\n",
            "(S Prime/NNP)\n",
            "(S Minister/NNP)\n",
            "(S move/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Supreme/NNP))\n",
            "(S Court/NNP)\n",
            "(S order/NN ./. [/VB 14/CD ]/NNP [/VBD 15/CD ]/NN On/IN)\n",
            "(S 31/CD)\n",
            "(S August/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2015/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Supreme/NNP))\n",
            "(S Court/NNP)\n",
            "(S admitted/VBN)\n",
            "(S petition/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Akhil/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Bharat/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Varshiya/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Digambar/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Jain/NN))\n",
            "(S Parishad/NNS)\n",
            "(S granted/VBN)\n",
            "(S leave/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S It/PRP)\n",
            "(S stayed/NN)\n",
            "(S decision/NN)\n",
            "(S High/JJ)\n",
            "(S Court/NNP)\n",
            "(S lifted/VBN)\n",
            "(S ban/NN)\n",
            "(S practice/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Section/NN)\n",
            "(S 497/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S criticised/VBN)\n",
            "(S one/CD)\n",
            "(S hand/NN)\n",
            "(S allegedly/RB)\n",
            "(S treating/VBG)\n",
            "(S woman/NN)\n",
            "(S private/JJ)\n",
            "(S property/NN)\n",
            "(S husband/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S hand/NN)\n",
            "(S giving/VBG)\n",
            "(S women/NNS)\n",
            "(S complete/JJ)\n",
            "(S protection/NN)\n",
            "(S punishment/NN)\n",
            "(S adultery/NN ./. [/CC 16/CD ]/JJ [/$ 17/CD ]/NN)\n",
            "(S This/DT)\n",
            "(S section/NN)\n",
            "(S unanimously/RB)\n",
            "(S struck/NN)\n",
            "(S 27th/CD)\n",
            "(S September/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2018/CD)\n",
            "(S five/CD)\n",
            "(S judge/NN)\n",
            "(S bench/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Supreme/NNP))\n",
            "(S Court/NNP)\n",
            "(S case/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Joseph/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Shine/NN))\n",
            "(S v/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Union/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP))\n",
            "(S unconstitutional/JJ)\n",
            "(S demeaning/VBG)\n",
            "(S dignity/NN)\n",
            "(S women/NNS ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Adultery/NN))\n",
            "(S continues/VBZ)\n",
            "(S ground/NN)\n",
            "(S seeking/VBG)\n",
            "(S divorce/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Civil/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Court/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S longer/NN)\n",
            "(S criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S offence/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP) ./.)\n",
            "(S Sections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 120B/CD)\n",
            "(S conspiracy/NN )/) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 121/CD)\n",
            "(S Government/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP) )/) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 132/CD)\n",
            "(S 194/CD)\n",
            "(S evidence/NN)\n",
            "(S procure/NN)\n",
            "(S conviction/NN)\n",
            "(S capital/NN)\n",
            "(S offence/NN )/) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 302/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S 303/CD)\n",
            "(S 305/CD)\n",
            "(S suicide/NN )/) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 364A/CD)\n",
            "(S ransom/NN )/) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 364A/CD)\n",
            "(S murder/NN )/) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 376A/CD)\n",
            "(S death/NN)\n",
            "(S penalty/NN)\n",
            "(S punishment/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S There/EX)\n",
            "(S ongoing/VBG)\n",
            "(S debate/NN)\n",
            "(S abolishing/VBG)\n",
            "(S capital/NN)\n",
            "(S punishment/NN ./. [/CC 18/CD ]/NN)\n",
            "(S In/IN)\n",
            "(S 2003/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Malimath/NN))\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION Committee/NNP))\n",
            "(S submitted/VBN)\n",
            "(S report/NN)\n",
            "(S recommending/VBG)\n",
            "(S several/JJ)\n",
            "(S far-reaching/NN)\n",
            "(S penal/NN)\n",
            "(S reforms/NNS)\n",
            "(S including/VBG)\n",
            "(S separation/NN)\n",
            "(S investigation/NN)\n",
            "(S prosecution/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION CPS/NN))\n",
            "(S UK/NN )/))\n",
            "(S streamline/NN)\n",
            "(S criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S justice/NN)\n",
            "(S system/NN ./. [/CC 19/CD ]/NN)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S essence/NN)\n",
            "(S report/NN)\n",
            "(S perceived/VBN)\n",
            "(S need/NN)\n",
            "(S shift/NN)\n",
            "(S adversarial/JJ)\n",
            "(S inquisitorial/JJ)\n",
            "(S criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S justice/NN)\n",
            "(S system/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S based/VBN)\n",
            "(S (GSP Continental/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE European/JJ))\n",
            "(S systems/NNS ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S amended/VBN)\n",
            "(S several/JJ)\n",
            "(S times/NNS ./. [/$ 20/CD ]/NNP [/VBD 21/CD ]/NN)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S universally/RB)\n",
            "(S acknowledged/VBD)\n",
            "(S cogently/RB)\n",
            "(S drafted/VBN)\n",
            "(S code/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S ahead/RB)\n",
            "(S time/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S It/PRP)\n",
            "(S substantially/RB)\n",
            "(S survived/VBN)\n",
            "(S 150/CD)\n",
            "(S years/NNS)\n",
            "(S several/JJ)\n",
            "(S jurisdictions/NNS)\n",
            "(S without/IN)\n",
            "(S major/JJ)\n",
            "(S amendments/NNS ./.)\n",
            "(S Nicholas/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Phillips/NNS) ,/,)\n",
            "(S Justice/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Supreme/NNP))\n",
            "(S Court/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE United/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Kingdom/NNP))\n",
            "(S applauded/VBD)\n",
            "(S efficacy/NN)\n",
            "(S relevance/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION IPC/NN))\n",
            "(S commemorating/VBG)\n",
            "(S 150/CD)\n",
            "(S years/NNS)\n",
            "(S IPC/NNP ./. [/CC 22/CD ]/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Modern/JJ))\n",
            "(S crimes/NNS)\n",
            "(S involving/VBG)\n",
            "(S technology/NN)\n",
            "(S unheard/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Macaulay/NNP) 's/POS)\n",
            "(S time/NN)\n",
            "(S fit/NN)\n",
            "(S easily/RB)\n",
            "(S within/IN)\n",
            "(S (PERSON Code/NNP) [/NNP citation/NN)\n",
            "(S needed/VBN ]/NN)\n",
            "(S mainly/RB)\n",
            "(S broadness/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NNP) 's/POS)\n",
            "(S drafting/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S Some/DT)\n",
            "(S references/NNS)\n",
            "(S specific/JJ)\n",
            "(S sections/NNS)\n",
            "(S dafa'a/NN)\n",
            "(S Hindi-Urdu/NNP ,/,)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION IPC/NN))\n",
            "(S entered/VBN)\n",
            "(S popular/JJ)\n",
            "(S speech/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Pakistan/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Bangladesh/NNP) ./.)\n",
            "(S For/IN)\n",
            "(S instance/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S con/NN)\n",
            "(S men/NNS)\n",
            "(S referred/VBN)\n",
            "(S 420s/CD)\n",
            "(S Hindi-Urdu/NNP )/))\n",
            "(S Section/NN)\n",
            "(S 420/CD)\n",
            "(S covers/NNS)\n",
            "(S cheating/VBG ./. [/$ 23/CD ]/NN)\n",
            "(S Similarly/RB ,/,)\n",
            "(S specific/JJ)\n",
            "(S reference/NN)\n",
            "(S section/NN)\n",
            "(S 302/CD)\n",
            "(S dafā/NN)\n",
            "(S tīn-sau-do/NN)\n",
            "(S ke/NN)\n",
            "(S tehet/NN)\n",
            "(S sazā-e-maut/NN ''/'' ,/,)\n",
            "(S death/NN)\n",
            "(S section/NN)\n",
            "(S 302/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NNP) ''/'' )/) ,/,)\n",
            "(S covers/NNS)\n",
            "(S death/NN)\n",
            "(S penalty/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S become/NN)\n",
            "(S part/NN)\n",
            "(S common/JJ)\n",
            "(S knowledge/NN)\n",
            "(S region/NN)\n",
            "(S due/JJ)\n",
            "(S repeated/VBN)\n",
            "(S mentions/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Bollywood/NN))\n",
            "(S movies/NNS)\n",
            "(S regional/JJ)\n",
            "(S pulp/NN)\n",
            "(S literature/NN ./. [/CC 24/CD ]/JJ [/$ 25/CD ]/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Dafa/NN))\n",
            "(S 302/CD)\n",
            "(S also/RB)\n",
            "(S name/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Bollywood/NN))\n",
            "(S movie/NN)\n",
            "(S released/VBN)\n",
            "(S 1975/CD ./. [/VB 26/CD ]/NN)\n",
            "(S Similarly/RB ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Shree/NN))\n",
            "(S 420/CD)\n",
            "(S name/NN)\n",
            "(S 1955/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Bollywood/NN))\n",
            "(S movie/NN)\n",
            "(S starring/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Raj/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Kapoor/NNP) ./. [/CC 27/CD ]/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Chachi/NN))\n",
            "(S 420/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Bollywood/NN))\n",
            "(S movie/NN)\n",
            "(S released/VBN)\n",
            "(S 1997/CD)\n",
            "(S starring/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Kamal/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Haasan/NNP) ./. [/CC 28/CD ]/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Long/RB))\n",
            "(S title/NN)\n",
            "(S An/DT)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S provide/NN)\n",
            "(S general/JJ)\n",
            "(S penal/NN)\n",
            "(S code/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indias/NNS))\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S No/DT ./.)\n",
            "(S 45/CD)\n",
            "(S 1860/CD)\n",
            "(S IndiaImperial/JJ)\n",
            "(S Legislative/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Council6/NN))\n",
            "(S October/NNP)\n",
            "(S 18606/CD)\n",
            "(S October/NNP)\n",
            "(S 18601/CD)\n",
            "(S January/NNP)\n",
            "(S 1862First/CD)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S Commissionsee/NN)\n",
            "(S (GSP AmendmentsCode/NN))\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Procedure/NN) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1973Status/CD :/:)\n",
            "(S AmendedChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S ISections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 1/CD)\n",
            "(S 5Introduction/NN)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S IISections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 6/CD)\n",
            "(S 52General/JJ)\n",
            "(S Explanations/NNS)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S IIISections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 53/CD)\n",
            "(S 75of/CD)\n",
            "(S Punishments/NNS)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S IVSections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 76/CD)\n",
            "(S 106General/JJ)\n",
            "(S Exceptions/NNS)\n",
            "(S Right/RB)\n",
            "(S Private/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Defence/NN))\n",
            "(S 96/CD)\n",
            "(S 106/CD )/))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S VSections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 107/CD)\n",
            "(S 120Of/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Abetment/NN))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S VASections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 120A/CD)\n",
            "(S 120BCriminal/CD)\n",
            "(S (GSP Conspiracy/NN))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S VISections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 121/CD)\n",
            "(S 130Of/CD)\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S State/NN)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S VIISections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 131/CD)\n",
            "(S 140Of/CD)\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S relating/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Army/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Navy/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Air/NNP))\n",
            "(S Force/NN)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S VIIISections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 141/CD)\n",
            "(S 160Of/CD)\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Public/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Tranquillity/NN))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S IXSections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 161/CD)\n",
            "(S 171Of/CD)\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S relating/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Public/JJ))\n",
            "(S Servants/NNS)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S IXASections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 171A/CD)\n",
            "(S 171IOf/CD)\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S Relating/VBG)\n",
            "(S Elections/NNS)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XSections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 172/CD)\n",
            "(S 190Of/CD)\n",
            "(S Contempts/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Lawful/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Authority/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Public/JJ))\n",
            "(S Servants/NNS)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XISections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 191/CD)\n",
            "(S 229Of/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE False/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Evidence/NN))\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Public/JJ))\n",
            "(S Justice/NN)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XIISections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 230/CD)\n",
            "(S 263Of/CD)\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S relating/VBG)\n",
            "(S coin/NN)\n",
            "(S Government/NN)\n",
            "(S Stamps/NNS)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XIIISections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 264/CD)\n",
            "(S 267Of/CD)\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S relating/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Weight/NN))\n",
            "(S Measures/NNS)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XIVSections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 268/CD)\n",
            "(S 294Of/CD)\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S affecting/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Public/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Health/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Safety/NN) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GSP Convenience/NN) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Decency/NN))\n",
            "(S Morals/NNS ./.)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XVSections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 295/CD)\n",
            "(S 298Of/CD)\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S relating/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Religion/NN))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XVISections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 299/CD)\n",
            "(S 377Of/CD)\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S affecting/VBG)\n",
            "(S Human/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Body/NN) ./.)\n",
            "(S Of/IN)\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S Affecting/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Life/NN))\n",
            "(S including/VBG)\n",
            "(S murder/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S culpable/JJ)\n",
            "(S homicide/NN)\n",
            "(S 299/CD)\n",
            "(S 311/CD )/))\n",
            "(S Of/IN)\n",
            "(S Causing/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Miscarriage/NN) ,/,)\n",
            "(S Injuries/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Unborn/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Children/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Exposure/NN))\n",
            "(S Infants/NNS ,/,)\n",
            "(S Concealment/NN)\n",
            "(S Births/NNS)\n",
            "(S 312/CD)\n",
            "(S 318/CD )/))\n",
            "(S Of/IN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Hurt/NNP))\n",
            "(S 319/CD)\n",
            "(S 338/CD )/))\n",
            "(S Of/IN)\n",
            "(S Wrongful/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Restraint/NN))\n",
            "(S Wrongful/JJ)\n",
            "(S Confinement/NN)\n",
            "(S 339/CD)\n",
            "(S 348/CD )/))\n",
            "(S Of/IN)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Force/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Assault/NN))\n",
            "(S 349/CD)\n",
            "(S 358/CD )/))\n",
            "(S Of/IN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Kidnapping/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Abduction/NN) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Slavery/NN))\n",
            "(S Forced/VBN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Labour/NN))\n",
            "(S 359/CD)\n",
            "(S 374/CD )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Sexual/JJ))\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S including/VBG)\n",
            "(S rape/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Sodomy/NN))\n",
            "(S 375/CD)\n",
            "(S 377/CD )/))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XVIISections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 378/CD)\n",
            "(S 462Of/CD)\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S Against/IN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Property/NN))\n",
            "(S Of/IN)\n",
            "(S Theft/NN)\n",
            "(S 378/CD)\n",
            "(S 382/CD )/))\n",
            "(S Of/IN)\n",
            "(S Extortion/NN)\n",
            "(S 383/CD)\n",
            "(S 389/CD )/))\n",
            "(S Of/IN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Robbery/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Dacoity/NN))\n",
            "(S 390/CD)\n",
            "(S 402/CD )/))\n",
            "(S Of/IN)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Misappropriation/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Property/NN))\n",
            "(S 403/CD)\n",
            "(S 404/CD )/))\n",
            "(S Of/IN)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Breach/NN))\n",
            "(S Trust/NNP)\n",
            "(S 405/CD)\n",
            "(S 409/CD )/))\n",
            "(S Of/IN)\n",
            "(S Receiving/VBG)\n",
            "(S Stolen/VBN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Property/NN))\n",
            "(S 410/CD)\n",
            "(S 414/CD )/))\n",
            "(S Of/IN)\n",
            "(S Cheating/VBG)\n",
            "(S 415/CD)\n",
            "(S 420/CD )/))\n",
            "(S Of/IN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Fraudulent/NN))\n",
            "(S Deeds/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Disposition/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Property/NN))\n",
            "(S 421/CD)\n",
            "(S 424/CD )/))\n",
            "(S Of/IN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Mischief/NN))\n",
            "(S 425/CD)\n",
            "(S 440/CD )/))\n",
            "(S Of/IN)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Trespass/NN))\n",
            "(S 441/CD)\n",
            "(S 462/CD )/))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XVIIISection/NN)\n",
            "(S 463/CD)\n",
            "(S 489/CD)\n",
            "(S relating/VBG)\n",
            "(S Documents/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Property/NN))\n",
            "(S Marks/NNS)\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S relating/VBG)\n",
            "(S Documents/NNS)\n",
            "(S 463/CD)\n",
            "(S 477-A/CD )/))\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S relating/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Property/NN))\n",
            "(S Other/JJ)\n",
            "(S Marks/NNS)\n",
            "(S 478/CD)\n",
            "(S 489/CD )/))\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S relating/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Currency/NN))\n",
            "(S Notes/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Bank/NNP))\n",
            "(S Notes/NNS)\n",
            "(S 489A/CD)\n",
            "(S 489E/CD )/))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XIXSections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 490/CD)\n",
            "(S 492Of/CD)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Breach/NN))\n",
            "(S Contracts/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Service/NNP))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XXSections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 493/CD)\n",
            "(S 498Of/CD)\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S Relating/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Marriage/NN))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XXASections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 498AOf/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Cruelty/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Husband/NN))\n",
            "(S Relatives/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Husband/NN))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XXISections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 499/CD)\n",
            "(S 502Of/CD)\n",
            "(S Defamation/NN)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XXIISections/NNS)\n",
            "(S 503/CD)\n",
            "(S 510Of/CD)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S intimidation/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Insult/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Annoyance/NN))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XXIIISection/NN)\n",
            "(S 511Of/CD)\n",
            "(S Attempts/NNS)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION Commit/NN))\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S 1/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Repealing/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1870/CD)\n",
            "(S 14/CD)\n",
            "(S 1870/CD)\n",
            "(S 2/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1870/CD)\n",
            "(S 27/CD)\n",
            "(S 1870/CD)\n",
            "(S 3/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1872/CD)\n",
            "(S 19/CD)\n",
            "(S 1872/CD)\n",
            "(S 4/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Oaths/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1873/CD)\n",
            "(S 10/CD)\n",
            "(S 1873/CD)\n",
            "(S 5/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1882/CD)\n",
            "(S 8/CD)\n",
            "(S 1882/CD)\n",
            "(S 6/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Procedure/NN) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1882/CD)\n",
            "(S 10/CD)\n",
            "(S 1882/CD)\n",
            "(S 7/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1886/CD)\n",
            "(S 10/CD)\n",
            "(S 1886/CD)\n",
            "(S 8/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Marine/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1887/CD)\n",
            "(S 14/CD)\n",
            "(S 1887/CD)\n",
            "(S 9/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION Metal/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Tokens/NNS))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1889/CD)\n",
            "(S 1/CD)\n",
            "(S 1889/CD)\n",
            "(S 10/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Merchandise/NN))\n",
            "(S Marks/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1889/CD)\n",
            "(S 4/CD)\n",
            "(S 1889/CD)\n",
            "(S 11/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Cantonments/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1889/CD)\n",
            "(S 13/CD)\n",
            "(S 1889/CD)\n",
            "(S 12/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Railways/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1890/CD)\n",
            "(S 9/CD)\n",
            "(S 1890/CD)\n",
            "(S 13/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1891/CD)\n",
            "(S 10/CD)\n",
            "(S 1891/CD)\n",
            "(S 14/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Amending/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1891/CD)\n",
            "(S 12/CD)\n",
            "(S 1891/CD)\n",
            "(S 15/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1894/CD)\n",
            "(S 3/CD)\n",
            "(S 1894/CD)\n",
            "(S 16/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1895/CD)\n",
            "(S 3/CD)\n",
            "(S 1895/CD)\n",
            "(S 17/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1896/CD)\n",
            "(S 6/CD)\n",
            "(S 1896/CD)\n",
            "(S 18/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1898/CD)\n",
            "(S 4/CD)\n",
            "(S 1898/CD)\n",
            "(S 19/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Currency-Notes/NNS)\n",
            "(S Forgery/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1899/CD)\n",
            "(S 12/CD)\n",
            "(S 1899/CD)\n",
            "(S 20/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1910/CD)\n",
            "(S 3/CD)\n",
            "(S 1910/CD)\n",
            "(S 21/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1913/CD)\n",
            "(S 8/CD)\n",
            "(S 1913/CD)\n",
            "(S 22/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Elections/NNS)\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S Inquiries/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1920/CD)\n",
            "(S 39/CD)\n",
            "(S 1920/CD)\n",
            "(S 23/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1921/CD)\n",
            "(S 16/CD)\n",
            "(S 1921/CD)\n",
            "(S 24/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1923/CD)\n",
            "(S 20/CD)\n",
            "(S 1923/CD)\n",
            "(S 25/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1924/CD)\n",
            "(S 5/CD)\n",
            "(S 1924/CD)\n",
            "(S 26/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1924/CD)\n",
            "(S 18/CD)\n",
            "(S 1924/CD)\n",
            "(S 27/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Workmen/NNP) 's/POS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Breach/NN))\n",
            "(S (GSP Contract/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1925/CD)\n",
            "(S 3/CD)\n",
            "(S 1925/CD)\n",
            "(S 29/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Obscene/NN))\n",
            "(S Publications/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1925/CD)\n",
            "(S 8/CD)\n",
            "(S 1925/CD)\n",
            "(S 29/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1925/CD)\n",
            "(S 29/CD)\n",
            "(S 1925/CD)\n",
            "(S 30/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Repealing/VBG)\n",
            "(S Amending/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1927/CD)\n",
            "(S 10/CD)\n",
            "(S 1927/CD)\n",
            "(S 31/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1927/CD)\n",
            "(S 25/CD)\n",
            "(S 1927/CD)\n",
            "(S 32/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Repealing/VBG)\n",
            "(S Amending/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1930/CD)\n",
            "(S 8/CD)\n",
            "(S 1930/CD)\n",
            "(S 33/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Air/NNP))\n",
            "(S Force/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1932/CD)\n",
            "(S 14/CD)\n",
            "(S 1932/CD)\n",
            "(S 34/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Amending/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1934/CD)\n",
            "(S 35/CD)\n",
            "(S 1934/CD)\n",
            "(S 35/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Government/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Laws/NNP) )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Order/NN) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1937/CD)\n",
            "(S N/A/NN)\n",
            "(S 1937/CD)\n",
            "(S 36/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1939/CD)\n",
            "(S 22/CD)\n",
            "(S 1939/CD)\n",
            "(S 37/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S Ships/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Aircraft/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1940/CD)\n",
            "(S 4/CD)\n",
            "(S 1940/CD)\n",
            "(S 38/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Merchandise/NN))\n",
            "(S Marks/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1941/CD)\n",
            "(S 2/CD)\n",
            "(S 1941/CD)\n",
            "(S 39/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1942/CD)\n",
            "(S 8/CD)\n",
            "(S 1942/CD)\n",
            "(S 40/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1943/CD)\n",
            "(S 6/CD)\n",
            "(S 1943/CD)\n",
            "(S 41/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Independence/NN))\n",
            "(S Central/JJ)\n",
            "(S Acts/NNS)\n",
            "(S Ordinances/NNS )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Order/NN) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1948/CD)\n",
            "(S N/A/NN)\n",
            "(S 1948/CD)\n",
            "(S 42/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S Racial/JJ)\n",
            "(S Discriminations/NNS )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1949/CD)\n",
            "(S 17/CD)\n",
            "(S 1949/CD)\n",
            "(S 43/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Procedure/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1949/CD)\n",
            "(S 42/CD)\n",
            "(S 1949/CD)\n",
            "(S 44/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Adaptation/NN)\n",
            "(S Laws/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Order/NN) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1950/CD)\n",
            "(S N/A/NN)\n",
            "(S 1950/CD)\n",
            "(S 45/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Repealing/VBG)\n",
            "(S Amending/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1950/CD)\n",
            "(S 35/CD)\n",
            "(S 1950/CD)\n",
            "(S 46/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Part/NN))\n",
            "(S B/NN)\n",
            "(S States/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1951/CD)\n",
            "(S 3/CD)\n",
            "(S 1951/CD)\n",
            "(S 47/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1952/CD)\n",
            "(S 46/CD)\n",
            "(S 1952/CD)\n",
            "(S 48/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Repealing/VBG)\n",
            "(S Amending/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1952/CD)\n",
            "(S 48/CD)\n",
            "(S 1952/CD)\n",
            "(S 49/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Repealing/VBG)\n",
            "(S Amending/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1953/CD)\n",
            "(S 42/CD)\n",
            "(S 1953/CD)\n",
            "(S 50/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Procedure/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1955/CD)\n",
            "(S 26/CD)\n",
            "(S 1955/CD)\n",
            "(S 51/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Adaptation/NN)\n",
            "(S Laws/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Order/NN) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1956/CD)\n",
            "(S N/A/NN)\n",
            "(S 1956/CD)\n",
            "(S 52/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Repealing/VBG)\n",
            "(S Amending/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1957/CD)\n",
            "(S 36/CD)\n",
            "(S 1957/CD)\n",
            "(S 53/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1958/CD)\n",
            "(S 2/CD)\n",
            "(S 1958/CD)\n",
            "(S 54/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Trade/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Merchandise/NN))\n",
            "(S Marks/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1958/CD)\n",
            "(S 43/CD)\n",
            "(S 1958/CD)\n",
            "(S 55/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1959/CD)\n",
            "(S 52/CD)\n",
            "(S 1959/CD)\n",
            "(S 56/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1961/CD)\n",
            "(S 41/CD)\n",
            "(S 1961/CD)\n",
            "(S 57/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Anti-Corruption/NN)\n",
            "(S Laws/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1964/CD)\n",
            "(S 40/CD)\n",
            "(S 1964/CD)\n",
            "(S 58/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Election/NN))\n",
            "(S Laws/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1969/CD)\n",
            "(S 35/CD)\n",
            "(S 1969/CD)\n",
            "(S 59/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1969/CD)\n",
            "(S 36/CD)\n",
            "(S 1969/CD)\n",
            "(S 60/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1972/CD)\n",
            "(S 31/CD)\n",
            "(S 1972/CD)\n",
            "(S 61/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Employees/NNS '/POS)\n",
            "(S Provident/NN)\n",
            "(S Funds/NNS)\n",
            "(S Family/RB)\n",
            "(S (GPE Pension/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Fund/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1973/CD)\n",
            "(S 40/CD)\n",
            "(S 1973/CD)\n",
            "(S 62/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Employees/NNS '/POS)\n",
            "(S State/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Insurance/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1975/CD)\n",
            "(S 38/CD)\n",
            "(S 1975/CD)\n",
            "(S 63/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Election/NN))\n",
            "(S Laws/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1975/CD)\n",
            "(S 40/CD)\n",
            "(S 1975/CD)\n",
            "(S 64/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1983/CD)\n",
            "(S 43/CD)\n",
            "(S 1983/CD)\n",
            "(S 65/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN) )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1983/CD)\n",
            "(S 46/CD)\n",
            "(S 1983/CD)\n",
            "(S 66/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Dowry/NN))\n",
            "(S Prohibition/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1986/CD)\n",
            "(S 43/CD)\n",
            "(S 1986/CD)\n",
            "(S 67/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Employees/NNS '/POS)\n",
            "(S Provident/NN)\n",
            "(S Funds/NNS)\n",
            "(S Miscellaneous/JJ)\n",
            "(S Provisions/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1988/CD)\n",
            "(S 33/CD)\n",
            "(S 1988/CD)\n",
            "(S 68/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Prevention/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Corruption/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1988/CD)\n",
            "(S 49/CD)\n",
            "(S 1988/CD)\n",
            "(S 69/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1993/CD)\n",
            "(S 42/CD)\n",
            "(S 1993/CD)\n",
            "(S 70/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1995/CD)\n",
            "(S 24/CD)\n",
            "(S 1995/CD)\n",
            "(S 71/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Information/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Technology/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2000/CD)\n",
            "(S 21/CD)\n",
            "(S 2000/CD)\n",
            "(S 72/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Election/NN))\n",
            "(S Laws/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2003/CD)\n",
            "(S 24/CD)\n",
            "(S 2003/CD)\n",
            "(S 73/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Procedure/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2005/CD)\n",
            "(S 25/CD)\n",
            "(S 2005/CD)\n",
            "(S 74/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2005/CD)\n",
            "(S 2/CD)\n",
            "(S 2006/CD)\n",
            "(S 75/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Information/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Technology/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2008/CD)\n",
            "(S 10/CD)\n",
            "(S 2009/CD)\n",
            "(S 76/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2013/CD)\n",
            "(S 13/CD)\n",
            "(S 2013/CD)\n",
            "(S 77/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2018/CD)\n",
            "(S 2018/CD)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S I/PRP)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S II/NN)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION III/NN))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S IV/NN)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S V/NN)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S VA/NN)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S VI/NN)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION VII/NN))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION VIII/NN))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S IX/NN)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION IXA/NN))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S X/NN)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XI/NN)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION XII/NN))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION XIII/NN))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION XIV/NN))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XV/NN)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION XVI/NN))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION XVII/NN))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE XVIII/NN))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION XIX/NN))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XX/NN)\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION XXA/NN))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION XXI/NN))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION XXII/NN))\n",
            "(S Chapter/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE XXIII/NN))\n",
            "(S 120B/CD)\n",
            "(S conspiracy/NN )/))\n",
            "(S 121/CD)\n",
            "(S Government/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP) )/))\n",
            "(S 122/CD)\n",
            "(S 194/CD)\n",
            "(S evidence/NN)\n",
            "(S procure/NN)\n",
            "(S conviction/NN)\n",
            "(S capital/NN)\n",
            "(S offence/NN )/))\n",
            "(S 302/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S 303/CD)\n",
            "(S 305/CD)\n",
            "(S suicide/NN )/))\n",
            "(S 364A/CD)\n",
            "(S ransom/NN )/))\n",
            "(S 364A/CD)\n",
            "(S murder/NN )/))\n",
            "(S 376A/CD)\n",
            "(S 1/CD)\n",
            "(S 2/CD)\n",
            "(S 3/CD)\n",
            "(S 4/CD)\n",
            "(S 5/CD)\n",
            "(S 20/CD)\n",
            "(S 124A/CD)\n",
            "(S 294/CD)\n",
            "(S 299/CD)\n",
            "(S homicide/NN )/))\n",
            "(S 304/CD)\n",
            "(S homicide/NN)\n",
            "(S amounting/VBG)\n",
            "(S murder/NN )/))\n",
            "(S 309/CD)\n",
            "(S suicide/NN )/))\n",
            "(S 320/CD)\n",
            "(S hurt/NN )/))\n",
            "(S 326A/CD)\n",
            "(S attack/NN )/))\n",
            "(S 326B/CD)\n",
            "(S acid/NN)\n",
            "(S attack/NN )/))\n",
            "(S 377/CD)\n",
            "(S offences/NNS )/))\n",
            "(S 420/CD)\n",
            "(S 497/CD)\n",
            "(S Constitution/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Procedure/NN)\n",
            "(S Acts/NNS)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION Parliament/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Ordinance/NN))\n",
            "(S In/IN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION ForceIn/NN))\n",
            "(S Force/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Real/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Estate/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Development/NNP) )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2016/CD)\n",
            "(S (GSP Consumer/NN))\n",
            "(S Protection/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1986/CD)\n",
            "(S (GSP Consumer/NN))\n",
            "(S Protection/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2019/CD)\n",
            "(S Essential/JJ)\n",
            "(S Commodities/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S Essential/JJ)\n",
            "(S Services/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Maintenance/NN))\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Benami/NN))\n",
            "(S Transactions/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1988/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Black/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Money/NN))\n",
            "(S Foreign/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Income/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Assets/NNS) )/))\n",
            "(S Imposition/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Tax/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2015/CD)\n",
            "(S Prevention/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Corruption/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1988/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Lokpal/JJ))\n",
            "(S Lokayuktas/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2013/CD)\n",
            "(S Mines/NNS)\n",
            "(S Minerals/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Regulation/NN) )/))\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S Prevention/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Money/NN))\n",
            "(S Laundering/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2002/CD)\n",
            "(S Whistle/VB)\n",
            "(S Blowers/NNS)\n",
            "(S Protection/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2011/CD)\n",
            "(S Armed/VBN)\n",
            "(S Forces/NNS)\n",
            "(S Powers/NNS )/))\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S Armed/VBN)\n",
            "(S Forces/NNS)\n",
            "(S Tribunal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2007/CD)\n",
            "(S Arms/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1959/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Army/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1950/CD)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2013/CD)\n",
            "(S Cigarettes/NNS)\n",
            "(S Other/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Tobacco/NN))\n",
            "(S Products/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Evidence/NN))\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Juvenile/NN))\n",
            "(S Justice/NN)\n",
            "(S Protection/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Children/NNP) )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2015/CD)\n",
            "(S National/NNP)\n",
            "(S Security/NN)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S Protection/NN)\n",
            "(S Women/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Domestic/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Violence/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2005/CD)\n",
            "(S Scheduled/VBN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Caste/NN))\n",
            "(S Scheduled/VBN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Tribe/NN))\n",
            "(S Atrocities/NNS )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1989/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Institutes/NNS)\n",
            "(S Management/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2017/CD)\n",
            "(S Institutes/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Technology/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1961/CD)\n",
            "(S National/NNP)\n",
            "(S Institutes/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Technology/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2007/CD)\n",
            "(S Right/RB)\n",
            "(S (GPE Children/NNS))\n",
            "(S (GPE Free/JJ))\n",
            "(S Compulsory/NN)\n",
            "(S Education/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2009/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE University/NNP))\n",
            "(S Grants/NNS)\n",
            "(S Commission/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1956/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Air/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GSP Control/NN))\n",
            "(S Pollution/NN )/))\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S Biological/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Diversity/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2002/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE CAMPA/NN))\n",
            "(S bill/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Environment/NN))\n",
            "(S Protection/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1986/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Forest/JJS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1927/CD)\n",
            "(S National/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Green/JJ))\n",
            "(S Tribunal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S Prevention/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Cruelty/NN))\n",
            "(S Animals/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S Protection/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Plant/NN))\n",
            "(S Varieties/NNS)\n",
            "(S Farmers/NNS '/POS)\n",
            "(S Rights/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2001/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Wildlife/NN))\n",
            "(S Protection/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1972/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Aadhaar/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Delivery/NN))\n",
            "(S Financial/JJ)\n",
            "(S Subsidies/NNS ,/,)\n",
            "(S benefits/NNS)\n",
            "(S services/NNS )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2016/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Banking/NN))\n",
            "(S Regulation/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1949/CD)\n",
            "(S Conservation/NN)\n",
            "(S Foreign/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Exchange/NNP))\n",
            "(S Prevention/NN)\n",
            "(S Smuggling/VBG)\n",
            "(S Activities/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S Depositories/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Electricity/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2003/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Expenditure/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Tax/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1987/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Finance/NN))\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Fiscal/JJ))\n",
            "(S Responsibility/NN)\n",
            "(S Budget/VB)\n",
            "(S Management/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2003/CD)\n",
            "(S Foreign/NN)\n",
            "(S Contribution/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2010/CD)\n",
            "(S Foreign/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Exchange/NNP))\n",
            "(S Management/NN)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S Fugitive/JJ)\n",
            "(S Economic/JJ)\n",
            "(S Offenders/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Geographical/JJ))\n",
            "(S Indications/NNS)\n",
            "(S Goods/NNS)\n",
            "(S Protection/NN )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1999/CD)\n",
            "(S Government/NN)\n",
            "(S Securities/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2006/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GSP Contract/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1872/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Stamp/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1899/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Insolvency/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Bankruptcy/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2016/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Insurance/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1938/CD)\n",
            "(S Negotiable/JJ)\n",
            "(S Instruments/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1881/CD)\n",
            "(S Securities/NNS)\n",
            "(S Laws/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2014/CD)\n",
            "(S Securitisation/NN)\n",
            "(S Reconstruction/NN)\n",
            "(S Financial/JJ)\n",
            "(S Assets/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Enforcement/NN))\n",
            "(S Security/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Interest/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2002/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Competition/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2002/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S High/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Denomination/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Bank/NNP))\n",
            "(S Notes/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1978/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Income-tax/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1961/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Transfer/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Property/NN))\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S 1882/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Urban/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Land/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Regulation/NN) )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1976/CD)\n",
            "(S Central/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Council/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Homoeopathy/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1973/CD)\n",
            "(S (PERSON Clinical/JJ))\n",
            "(S Establishments/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Regulation/NN) )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2010/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Dentist/NN))\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S Drugs/NNS)\n",
            "(S Cosmetics/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1940/CD)\n",
            "(S Drugs/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Magic/NN))\n",
            "(S Remedies/NNS)\n",
            "(S Advertisements/NNS )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1954/CD)\n",
            "(S HIV/AIDS/NN)\n",
            "(S Prevention/NN)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Medical/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Council/NN))\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Mental/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Health/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1987/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Narcotic/JJ))\n",
            "(S Drugs/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Psychotropic/NN))\n",
            "(S Substances/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1985/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Mental/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Health/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Care/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2017/CD)\n",
            "(S Bonded/VBN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Labor/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE System/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1976/CD)\n",
            "(S Factories/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act,1948/NNP ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Industrial/NNP))\n",
            "(S Disputes/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1947/CD)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION Interstate/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Migrant/NN))\n",
            "(S Workmen/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S 1979/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Maternity/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Benefit/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2017/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Minimum/NN))\n",
            "(S Wages/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S 1948/CD)\n",
            "(S National/NNP)\n",
            "(S Rural/JJ)\n",
            "(S Employment/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Guarantee/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2005/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Sexual/JJ))\n",
            "(S Harassment/NN)\n",
            "(S Women/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Workplace/NN))\n",
            "(S Prohibition/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Redressal/NNP) )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2013/CD)\n",
            "(S Unorganised/VBN)\n",
            "(S Workers/NNS '/POS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Social/NNP))\n",
            "(S Security/NN)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2008/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Hindu/NN))\n",
            "(S Adoptions/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Maintenance/NN))\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S Majority/NN)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Hindu/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Minority/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Guardianship/NN))\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Hindu/NN))\n",
            "(S Succession/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1956/CD)\n",
            "(S Special/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Marriage/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1954/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Hindu/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Marriage/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1955/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Christian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Marriage/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1872/CD)\n",
            "(S Rights/NNS)\n",
            "(S Persons/NNS)\n",
            "(S Disabilities/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2016/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Child/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Labour/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Regulation/NN) )/))\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indecent/NN))\n",
            "(S Representation/NN)\n",
            "(S Women/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S National/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Food/NN))\n",
            "(S Security/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2013/CD)\n",
            "(S Pre-Conception/NN)\n",
            "(S Pre-Natal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Diagnostic/JJ))\n",
            "(S Techniques/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1994/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Prohibition/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Child/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Marriage/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2006/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Scheduled/VBN)\n",
            "(S Tribes/NNS)\n",
            "(S Other/JJ)\n",
            "(S Traditional/JJ)\n",
            "(S Forest/JJS)\n",
            "(S Dwellers/NNS)\n",
            "(S Forest/JJS)\n",
            "(S Rights/NNS )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2006/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Street/NNP))\n",
            "(S Vendors/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2014/CD)\n",
            "(S Anti-Superstition/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Black/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Magic/NN))\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Bombay/NN))\n",
            "(S Prohibition/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1949/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Bombay/NN))\n",
            "(S Prohibition/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN) )/))\n",
            "(S 2009/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Chhattisgarh/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Food/NN))\n",
            "(S Security/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2012/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Karnataka/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GSP Control/NN))\n",
            "(S Organised/VBN)\n",
            "(S Crimes/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Maharashtra/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GSP Control/NN))\n",
            "(S Organised/VBN)\n",
            "(S Crime/NN)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Punjab/NN))\n",
            "(S (GSP Control/NN))\n",
            "(S Organised/VBN)\n",
            "(S Crime/NN)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Gujarat/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Local/JJ))\n",
            "(S Authorities/NNS)\n",
            "(S Laws/NNS)\n",
            "(S (PERSON Bill/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2009/CD)\n",
            "(S (PERSON Puducherry/NN))\n",
            "(S Prevention/NN)\n",
            "(S Anti-Social/JJ)\n",
            "(S Activities/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Andhra/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Pradesh/NN))\n",
            "(S Reorganisation/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2014/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Bihar/NN))\n",
            "(S Reorganisation/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2000/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Jammu/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Kashmir/NNP))\n",
            "(S Reorganisation/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2019/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Madhya/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Pradesh/NN))\n",
            "(S Reorganisation/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2000/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Punjab/NN))\n",
            "(S Reorganisation/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1966/CD)\n",
            "(S States/NNS)\n",
            "(S Reorganisation/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1956/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Uttar/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Pradesh/NN))\n",
            "(S Reorganisation/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2000/CD)\n",
            "(S Anti-Hijacking/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2016/CD)\n",
            "(S Unlawful/JJ)\n",
            "(S Activities/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Aircraft/NN))\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S Motor/NNP)\n",
            "(S Vehicles/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S 1988/CD)\n",
            "(S National/NNP)\n",
            "(S Waterways/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2016/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Inland/NN))\n",
            "(S Vessels/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Metro/NNP))\n",
            "(S Railways/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1978/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Metro/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Railway/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2002/CD)\n",
            "(S Chartered/VBN)\n",
            "(S Accountants/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1949/CD)\n",
            "(S Companies/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2013/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Gram/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Nyayalayas/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2008/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Trusts/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1882/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Micro/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Small/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Medim/NN))\n",
            "(S Enterprises/NNS)\n",
            "(S Development/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2006/CD)\n",
            "(S Panchayats/NNS)\n",
            "(S Scheduled/VBN)\n",
            "(S Areas/NNS )/))\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S 1996/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Reserve/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Bank/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1934/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Partnership/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1932/CD)\n",
            "(S Societies/NNS)\n",
            "(S Registration/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1860/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Limited/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Liability/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Partnership/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2008/CD)\n",
            "(S Repealing/VBG)\n",
            "(S Amending/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2015/CD)\n",
            "(S Repealing/VBG)\n",
            "(S Amending/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2015/CD)\n",
            "(S Repealing/VBG)\n",
            "(S Amending/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2016/CD)\n",
            "(S Repealing/VBG)\n",
            "(S Amending/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2017/CD)\n",
            "(S Repealing/VBG)\n",
            "(S Amending/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2017/CD)\n",
            "(S All/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP))\n",
            "(S Services/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1951/CD)\n",
            "(S Delimitation/NN)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Enemy/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Property/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1968/CD)\n",
            "(S Information/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Technology/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2000/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Nuclear/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Liability/NN))\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S Official/NN)\n",
            "(S Secrets/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S Representation/NN)\n",
            "(S People/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1951/CD)\n",
            "(S Right/RB)\n",
            "(S (GPE Fair/NN))\n",
            "(S Compensation/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Transparency/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Land/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Acquisition/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S Rehabilitation/NN)\n",
            "(S Resettlement/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2013/CD)\n",
            "(S Right/RB)\n",
            "(S Information/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2005/CD)\n",
            "(S State/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Emblem/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Improper/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Use/NNP) )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2005/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Foreigners/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1946/CD)\n",
            "(S RepealedRepealed/VBN)\n",
            "(S Age/NN)\n",
            "(S Consent/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1891/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Caste/NN))\n",
            "(S Disabilities/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Removal/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1850/CD)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Tribes/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Hindu/NN))\n",
            "(S Widows/NNS '/POS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Remarriage/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1856/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE English/JJ))\n",
            "(S Education/NN)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S 1835/CD)\n",
            "(S Prevention/NN)\n",
            "(S Seditious/JJ)\n",
            "(S Meetings/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1907/CD)\n",
            "(S Anti-Copying/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1992/CD)\n",
            "(S Foreign/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Exchange/NNP))\n",
            "(S Regulation/NN)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Gift/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Tax/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1958/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Illegal/JJ))\n",
            "(S Migrants/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Tribunal/NNP) )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1983/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Interest/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Tax/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1974/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Maintenance/NN))\n",
            "(S Internal/NNP)\n",
            "(S Security/NN)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S Prevention/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Terrorism/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2002/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Terrorist/NN))\n",
            "(S Disruptive/JJ)\n",
            "(S Activities/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Gold/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1968/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Muslim/NN))\n",
            "(S Women/NNS)\n",
            "(S Rights/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Divorce/NN) )/))\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S 1986/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Wealth/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Tax/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1957/CD)\n",
            "(S BillsBills/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Citizenship/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (PERSON Bill/NN))\n",
            "(S 2016/CD)\n",
            "(S Foreign/NN)\n",
            "(S Education/NN)\n",
            "(S Providers/NNS)\n",
            "(S (PERSON Bill/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2013/CD)\n",
            "(S Geospatial/JJ)\n",
            "(S Information/NN)\n",
            "(S Regulation/NN)\n",
            "(S (PERSON Bill/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Gujarat/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GSP Control/NN))\n",
            "(S Organised/VBN)\n",
            "(S Crime/NN)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Marriage/NN))\n",
            "(S Laws/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (PERSON Bill/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Uniform/NN))\n",
            "(S civil/JJ)\n",
            "(S code/NN)\n",
            "(S Surrogacy/NN)\n",
            "(S (PERSON Bill/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2019/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Transgender/NN))\n",
            "(S Persons/NNS)\n",
            "(S Rights/NNS )/))\n",
            "(S (PERSON Bill/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2019/CD)\n",
            "(S Judges/NNS)\n",
            "(S Assets/NNS)\n",
            "(S (PERSON Bill/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Women/NNP) 's/POS)\n",
            "(S Reservation/NN)\n",
            "(S (PERSON Bill/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Citizenship/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (PERSON Bill/NN))\n",
            "(S 2016/CD)\n",
            "(S An/DT)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S provide/NN)\n",
            "(S general/JJ)\n",
            "(S penal/NN)\n",
            "(S code/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indias/NNS))\n",
            "(S 1/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE History2/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Objective3/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Structure4/NN))\n",
            "(S Controversies/NNS)\n",
            "(S 4.1/CD)\n",
            "(S Unnatural/JJ)\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S Section/NN)\n",
            "(S 377/CD)\n",
            "(S 4.2/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Attempt/NN))\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION Commit/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Suicide/NN))\n",
            "(S Section/NN)\n",
            "(S 309/CD)\n",
            "(S 4.3/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Adultery/NN))\n",
            "(S Section/NN)\n",
            "(S 497/CD)\n",
            "(S 4.4/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Death/NN))\n",
            "(S penalty/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Punishment/NN) )/))\n",
            "(S 4.1/CD)\n",
            "(S Unnatural/JJ)\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S Section/NN)\n",
            "(S 3774.2/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Attempt/NN))\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION Commit/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Suicide/NN))\n",
            "(S Section/NN)\n",
            "(S 3094.3/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Adultery/NN))\n",
            "(S Section/NN)\n",
            "(S 4974.4/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Death/NN))\n",
            "(S penalty/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Punishment/NN) )/) 5/CD)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S justice/NN)\n",
            "(S reforms6/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendments7/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Acclaim8/NN))\n",
            "(S Cultural/JJ)\n",
            "(S references9/NN)\n",
            "(S See/VB)\n",
            "(S also10/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE References11/NN))\n",
            "(S Further/RB)\n",
            "(S reading12/NN)\n",
            "(S External/JJ)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION linksOf/NN))\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S Affecting/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Life/NN))\n",
            "(S including/VBG)\n",
            "(S murder/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S culpable/JJ)\n",
            "(S homicide/NN)\n",
            "(S 299/CD)\n",
            "(S 311/CD )/) Of/IN)\n",
            "(S Causing/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Miscarriage/NN) ,/,)\n",
            "(S Injuries/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Unborn/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Children/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Exposure/NN))\n",
            "(S Infants/NNS ,/,)\n",
            "(S Concealment/NN)\n",
            "(S Births/NNS)\n",
            "(S 312/CD)\n",
            "(S 318/CD )/) Of/IN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Hurt/NNP))\n",
            "(S 319/CD)\n",
            "(S 338/CD )/) Of/IN)\n",
            "(S Wrongful/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Restraint/NN))\n",
            "(S Wrongful/JJ)\n",
            "(S Confinement/NN)\n",
            "(S 339/CD)\n",
            "(S 348/CD )/) Of/IN)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Force/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Assault/NN))\n",
            "(S 349/CD)\n",
            "(S 358/CD )/) Of/IN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Kidnapping/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Abduction/NN) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Slavery/NN))\n",
            "(S Forced/VBN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Labour/NN))\n",
            "(S 359/CD)\n",
            "(S 374/CD )/) Sexual/JJ)\n",
            "(S Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S including/VBG)\n",
            "(S rape/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Sodomy/NN))\n",
            "(S 375/CD)\n",
            "(S 377/CD )/) Of/IN)\n",
            "(S Theft/NN)\n",
            "(S 378/CD)\n",
            "(S 382/CD )/) Of/IN)\n",
            "(S Extortion/NN)\n",
            "(S 383/CD)\n",
            "(S 389/CD )/) Of/IN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Robbery/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Dacoity/NN))\n",
            "(S 390/CD)\n",
            "(S 402/CD )/) Of/IN)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Misappropriation/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Property/NN))\n",
            "(S 403/CD)\n",
            "(S 404/CD )/) Of/IN)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Breach/NN))\n",
            "(S Trust/NNP)\n",
            "(S 405/CD)\n",
            "(S 409/CD )/) Of/IN)\n",
            "(S Receiving/VBG)\n",
            "(S Stolen/VBN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Property/NN))\n",
            "(S 410/CD)\n",
            "(S 414/CD )/) Of/IN)\n",
            "(S Cheating/VBG)\n",
            "(S 415/CD)\n",
            "(S 420/CD )/) Of/IN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Fraudulent/NN))\n",
            "(S Deeds/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Disposition/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Property/NN))\n",
            "(S 421/CD)\n",
            "(S 424/CD )/) Of/IN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Mischief/NN))\n",
            "(S 425/CD)\n",
            "(S 440/CD )/) Of/IN)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Trespass/NN))\n",
            "(S 441/CD)\n",
            "(S 462/CD )/) Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S relating/VBG)\n",
            "(S Documents/NNS)\n",
            "(S 463/CD)\n",
            "(S 477-A/JJ )/) Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S relating/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Property/NN))\n",
            "(S Other/JJ)\n",
            "(S Marks/NNS)\n",
            "(S 478/CD)\n",
            "(S 489/CD )/) Offences/NNS)\n",
            "(S relating/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Currency/NN))\n",
            "(S Notes/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Bank/NNP))\n",
            "(S Notes/NNS)\n",
            "(S 489A/CD)\n",
            "(S 489E/CD )/) Section/NN)\n",
            "(S 377/CD)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Delhi/NN))\n",
            "(S High/JJ)\n",
            "(S Court/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2/CD)\n",
            "(S July/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2009/CD)\n",
            "(S gave/VBD)\n",
            "(S liberal/JJ)\n",
            "(S interpretation/NN)\n",
            "(S section/NN)\n",
            "(S laid/NN)\n",
            "(S section/NN)\n",
            "(S used/VBN)\n",
            "(S punish/NN)\n",
            "(S act/NN)\n",
            "(S consensual/JJ)\n",
            "(S sexual/JJ)\n",
            "(S intercourse/NN)\n",
            "(S two/CD)\n",
            "(S sex/NN)\n",
            "(S individuals/NNS ./. [/$ 8/CD ]/NN On/IN)\n",
            "(S 11/CD)\n",
            "(S December/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2013/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Supreme/NNP))\n",
            "(S Court/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP))\n",
            "(S over-ruled/JJ)\n",
            "(S judgment/NN)\n",
            "(S given/VBN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Delhi/NN))\n",
            "(S High/JJ)\n",
            "(S court/NN)\n",
            "(S 2009/CD)\n",
            "(S clarified/VBN)\n",
            "(S 377/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S holds/VBZ)\n",
            "(S same-sex/NN)\n",
            "(S relations/NNS)\n",
            "(S unnatural/JJ ,/,)\n",
            "(S suffer/NN)\n",
            "(S unconstitutionality/NN ''/'' ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Bench/NN))\n",
            "(S said/VBD :/:)\n",
            "(S hold/NN)\n",
            "(S Section/NN)\n",
            "(S 377/CD)\n",
            "(S suffer/NN)\n",
            "(S unconstitutionality/NN)\n",
            "(S declaration/NN)\n",
            "(S made/VBN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Division/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Bench/NN))\n",
            "(S High/JJ)\n",
            "(S Court/NNP)\n",
            "(S legally/RB)\n",
            "(S unsustainable/JJ ./. ''/'')\n",
            "(S It/PRP ,/,)\n",
            "(S however/RB ,/,)\n",
            "(S said/VBD :/:)\n",
            "(S verdict/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S competent/NN)\n",
            "(S legislature/NN)\n",
            "(S shall/MD)\n",
            "(S free/JJ)\n",
            "(S consider/VB)\n",
            "(S desirability/NN)\n",
            "(S propriety/NN)\n",
            "(S deleting/VBG)\n",
            "(S Section/NN)\n",
            "(S 377/CD)\n",
            "(S statute/NN)\n",
            "(S book/NN)\n",
            "(S amend/NN)\n",
            "(S per/IN)\n",
            "(S suggestion/NN)\n",
            "(S made/VBN)\n",
            "(S Attorney-General/JJ)\n",
            "(S G.E/NNP ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Vahanvati/NNP) ./. ``/`` [/JJ 9/CD ]/NN On/IN)\n",
            "(S 8/CD)\n",
            "(S January/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2018/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Supreme/NNP))\n",
            "(S Court/NNP)\n",
            "(S agreed/VBD)\n",
            "(S reconsider/NN)\n",
            "(S 2013/CD)\n",
            "(S decision/NN)\n",
            "(S much/JJ)\n",
            "(S deliberation/NN)\n",
            "(S agreed/VBD)\n",
            "(S decriminalise/NN)\n",
            "(S parts/NNS)\n",
            "(S Section/NN)\n",
            "(S 377/CD)\n",
            "(S criminalised/VBN)\n",
            "(S sex/NN)\n",
            "(S relations/NNS)\n",
            "(S 6/CD)\n",
            "(S September/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2018/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S judgement/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Suresh/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Kumar/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Koushal/NNP))\n",
            "(S v/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Naz/NN))\n",
            "(S Foundation/NN)\n",
            "(S overruled/VBN ./. [/$ 11/CD ]/NNP Civil/NNP)\n",
            "(S Procedure/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1908Code/CD)\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Procedure/NN) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1973Indian/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Evidence/NN))\n",
            "(S ActCategory/NN :/: (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S Sections^/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Universal/NNP) 's/POS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Guide/NNP))\n",
            "(S Judicial/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Service/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Examination/NN) ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Universal/NN))\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S Publishing/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S p/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S 2/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION ISBN/NN))\n",
            "(S 978-93-5035-029-4..mw-parser-output/CD)\n",
            "(S\n",
            "  cite.citation/NN\n",
            "  {/(\n",
            "  font-style/JJ\n",
            "  :/:\n",
            "  inherit/NN\n",
            "  }/)\n",
            "  .mw-parser-output/NN)\n",
            "(S\n",
            "  q/RB\n",
            "  {/(\n",
            "  quotes/NNS\n",
            "  :/:\n",
            "  ''/''\n",
            "  \\/NN\n",
            "  ''/''\n",
            "  ''/''\n",
            "  ''/''\n",
            "  \\/NN\n",
            "  ''/''\n",
            "  ''/''\n",
            "  ''/''\n",
            "  '/''\n",
            "  ''/''\n",
            "  ''/''\n",
            "  '/''\n",
            "  ''/''\n",
            "  }/)\n",
            "  .mw-parser-output/NN)\n",
            "(S\n",
            "  a/DT\n",
            "  {/(\n",
            "  background/NN\n",
            "  :/:\n",
            "  url/NN\n",
            "  (/(\n",
            "  ``/``\n",
            "  //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png/JJ\n",
            "  ''/''\n",
            "  )/)\n",
            "  no-repeat/NN\n",
            "  ;/:\n",
            "  background-position/NN\n",
            "  :/:\n",
            "  right/NN)\n",
            "(S center/NN }/) .mw-parser-output/NN)\n",
            "(S a/DT ,/, .mw-parser-output/NN)\n",
            "(S\n",
            "  a/DT\n",
            "  {/(\n",
            "  background/NN\n",
            "  :/:\n",
            "  url/NN\n",
            "  (/(\n",
            "  ``/``\n",
            "  //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png/JJ\n",
            "  ''/''\n",
            "  )/)\n",
            "  no-repeat/NN\n",
            "  ;/:\n",
            "  background-position/NN\n",
            "  :/:\n",
            "  right/NN)\n",
            "(S center/NN }/) .mw-parser-output/NN)\n",
            "(S\n",
            "  a/DT\n",
            "  {/(\n",
            "  background/NN\n",
            "  :/:\n",
            "  url/NN\n",
            "  (/(\n",
            "  ``/``\n",
            "  //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png/JJ\n",
            "  ''/''\n",
            "  )/)\n",
            "  no-repeat/NN\n",
            "  ;/:\n",
            "  background-position/NN\n",
            "  :/:\n",
            "  right/NN)\n",
            "(S center/NN }/) .mw-parser-output/NN)\n",
            "(S span/NN ,/, .mw-parser-output/JJ)\n",
            "(S span/JJ {/( border-bottom:1px/JJ)\n",
            "(S dotted/VBN ;/: cursor/NN :/: help/NN }/) .mw-parser-output/NN)\n",
            "(S\n",
            "  a/DT\n",
            "  {/(\n",
            "  background/NN\n",
            "  :/:\n",
            "  url/NN\n",
            "  (/(\n",
            "  ``/``\n",
            "  //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png/JJ\n",
            "  ''/''\n",
            "  )/)\n",
            "  no-repeat/NN\n",
            "  ;/:\n",
            "  background-position/NN\n",
            "  :/:\n",
            "  right/NN)\n",
            "(S center/NN }/) .mw-parser-output/NN)\n",
            "(S\n",
            "  code.cs1-code/NN\n",
            "  {/(\n",
            "  color/NN\n",
            "  :/:\n",
            "  inherit/NN\n",
            "  ;/:\n",
            "  background/NN\n",
            "  :/:\n",
            "  inherit/NN\n",
            "  ;/:\n",
            "  border/NN\n",
            "  :/:\n",
            "  inherit/NN\n",
            "  ;/:\n",
            "  padding/NN\n",
            "  :/:\n",
            "  inherit/NN\n",
            "  }/)\n",
            "  .mw-parser-output/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Lal/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Kalla/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Krishan/NNP))\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Literary/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Heritage/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Kashmir/NNP) ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Jammu/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Kashmir/NNS) :/:)\n",
            "(S (GPE Mittal/NN))\n",
            "(S Publications/NNS ./.)\n",
            "(S p/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S 75/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S Retrieved/VBN)\n",
            "(S 19/CD)\n",
            "(S September/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2014/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S Commission/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP))\n",
            "(S Early/RB)\n",
            "(S Beginnings/NNS ''/'' ./.)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S Commission/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP) ./.)\n",
            "(S Retrieved/VBN)\n",
            "(S 19/CD)\n",
            "(S September/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2014/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S Introduction/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION IPC/NN))\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION IPC/NN))\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION IPC/NN))\n",
            "(S PDF/NN )/) ''/'' ./.)\n",
            "(S B.M.Gandhi/NNP ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Panel/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S ed/RB ./. )/) ./.)\n",
            "(S EBC/NNP ./.)\n",
            "(S pp/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S 1–832/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION ISBN/NN))\n",
            "(S 978-81-7012-892-2/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S B.M.Gandhi/NNP ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NNP) ./.)\n",
            "(S EBC/NNP ./.)\n",
            "(S pp/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S 1–796/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION ISBN/NN))\n",
            "(S 978-81-7012-892-2/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S High/JJ)\n",
            "(S Court/NNP)\n",
            "(S strikes/NNS)\n",
            "(S Section/NN)\n",
            "(S 377/CD)\n",
            "(S IPC/NNP ''/'' ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Hindu/NNP) ./.)\n",
            "(S 3/CD)\n",
            "(S July/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2009/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION ISSN/NN))\n",
            "(S 0971-751X/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S Retrieved/VBN)\n",
            "(S 24/CD)\n",
            "(S September/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2018/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Venkatesan/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S J/NNP ./.)\n",
            "(S December/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2013/CD )/) ./.)\n",
            "(S Court/NNP)\n",
            "(S sets/NNS)\n",
            "(S aside/RB)\n",
            "(S (GPE Delhi/NN))\n",
            "(S HC/NN)\n",
            "(S verdict/NN)\n",
            "(S decriminalising/VBG)\n",
            "(S gay/NN)\n",
            "(S sex/NN ''/'' ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Hindu/NNP) ./.)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION ISSN/NN))\n",
            "(S 0971-751X/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S Retrieved/VBN)\n",
            "(S 24/CD)\n",
            "(S September/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2018/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S decriminalises/NNS)\n",
            "(S Section/NN)\n",
            "(S 377/CD :/:)\n",
            "(S A/DT)\n",
            "(S timeline/NN)\n",
            "(S case/NN ''/'' ./.)\n",
            "(S Times/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP) ./.)\n",
            "(S 6/CD)\n",
            "(S September/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2018/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S Retrieved/VBN)\n",
            "(S 7/CD)\n",
            "(S September/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2018/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Court/NNP) 's/POS)\n",
            "(S decision/NN)\n",
            "(S Section/NN)\n",
            "(S 377/CD :/:)\n",
            "(S Separate/JJ)\n",
            "(S decision/NN)\n",
            "(S 5/CD)\n",
            "(S Judges/NNS)\n",
            "(S Judgement/NN ]/NN ''/'' ./.)\n",
            "(S www.lawji.in/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S Retrieved/VBN)\n",
            "(S 9/CD)\n",
            "(S September/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2018/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S decriminalizes/NNS)\n",
            "(S attempt/NN)\n",
            "(S commit/NN)\n",
            "(S suicide/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S removes/NNS)\n",
            "(S section/NN)\n",
            "(S 309/CD ''/'' ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Times/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP) ./.)\n",
            "(S 10/CD)\n",
            "(S December/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2014/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S Retrieved/VBN)\n",
            "(S 15/CD)\n",
            "(S August/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2015/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Suicide/NN) ''/'' ./.)\n",
            "(S Press/NN)\n",
            "(S Information/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Bureau/NNP) ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Ministry/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Home/NN))\n",
            "(S Affairs/NNS ,/,)\n",
            "(S Government/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP) ./.)\n",
            "(S Retrieved/VBN)\n",
            "(S 15/CD)\n",
            "(S August/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2015/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S HC/NN)\n",
            "(S says/VBZ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Santhara/NN))\n",
            "(S illegal/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Jain/NN))\n",
            "(S saints/NNS)\n",
            "(S want/NN)\n",
            "(S PM/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Modi/NN))\n",
            "(S move/NN)\n",
            "(S SC/NNP ''/'' ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Express/NN) ./.)\n",
            "(S Retrieved/VBN)\n",
            "(S 15/CD)\n",
            "(S August/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2015/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S HC/NN)\n",
            "(S bans/NNS)\n",
            "(S starvation/NN)\n",
            "(S ritual/JJ)\n",
            "(S says/VBZ)\n",
            "(S fasting/VBG)\n",
            "(S unto/NN)\n",
            "(S death/NN)\n",
            "(S essential/JJ)\n",
            "(S tenet/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Jainism/NN) ''/'' ./.)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION IBN/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Live/NNP) ./.)\n",
            "(S CNN-IBN/NNP ./.)\n",
            "(S 10/CD)\n",
            "(S August/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2015/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S Retrieved/VBN)\n",
            "(S 15/CD)\n",
            "(S August/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2015/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S private/JJ)\n",
            "(S property/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S trespassing/VBG ''/'' ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Times/NNS)\n",
            "(S india/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S 17/CD)\n",
            "(S July/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2015/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S Retrieved/VBN)\n",
            "(S 15/CD)\n",
            "(S August/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2015/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S law/NN)\n",
            "(S biased/VBN)\n",
            "(S men/NNS ,/,)\n",
            "(S says/VBZ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Supreme/NNP))\n",
            "(S Court/NNP ''/'' ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S Times/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP) ./.)\n",
            "(S 3/CD)\n",
            "(S December/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2011/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S Retrieved/VBN)\n",
            "(S 15/CD)\n",
            "(S August/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2015/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Abrams/NNS) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Corinne/NN))\n",
            "(S September/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2015/CD )/) ./.)\n",
            "(S Reasons/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP) 's/POS)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S Commission/NNP)\n",
            "(S Says/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Death/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Penalty/NN))\n",
            "(S Should/MD)\n",
            "(S Be/VB)\n",
            "(S Scrapped/VBN ''/'' ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Reform/NN))\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION Committee/NNP))\n",
            "(S recommends/NNS)\n",
            "(S separation/NN)\n",
            "(S investigation/NN)\n",
            "(S prosecution/NN)\n",
            "(S powers/NNS)\n",
            "(S Retrieved/VBN)\n",
            "(S 23/CD)\n",
            "(S May/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2012/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION Parliament/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP) ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN) ''/'')\n",
            "(S childlineindia.org.in/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S Retrieved/VBN)\n",
            "(S 7/CD)\n",
            "(S June/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2015/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S This/DT)\n",
            "(S article/NN)\n",
            "(S incorporates/NNS)\n",
            "(S text/NN)\n",
            "(S source/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S public/NN)\n",
            "(S domain/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1860/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Current/NN))\n",
            "(S Publications/NNS ./.)\n",
            "(S 7/CD)\n",
            "(S May/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2015/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S Retrieved/VBN)\n",
            "(S 8/CD)\n",
            "(S June/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2015/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S endurance/NN)\n",
            "(S lauded/VBN ''/'' ./.)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE New/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Express/NN) ./.)\n",
            "(S Retrieved/VBN)\n",
            "(S 24/CD)\n",
            "(S September/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2018/CD ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Henry/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Scholberg/NN))\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S return/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Raj/NN) :/:)\n",
            "(S novel/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION NorthStar/NN))\n",
            "(S Publications/NNS ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1992/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S People/NNS)\n",
            "(S saying/VBG ,/,)\n",
            "(S plus/CC)\n",
            "(S Four/CD)\n",
            "(S equals/NNS)\n",
            "(S Char/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Sau/NN))\n",
            "(S Bees/NNS ./. '/'')\n",
            "(S Char/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Sou/NN))\n",
            "(S Bees/NNS)\n",
            "(S 420/CD)\n",
            "(S number/NN)\n",
            "(S law/NN)\n",
            "(S counterfeiting/VBG)\n",
            "(S Star/NN)\n",
            "(S Plus/CC ,/,)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S (GPE Great/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Laughter/NN)\n",
            "(S Challenge/NN)\n",
            "(S Jokes/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Book/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Popular/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Prakashan/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION ISBN/NN))\n",
            "(S 978-81-7991-343-7/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S Tazeerat-e-hind/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S dafa/NN)\n",
            "(S 302/CD)\n",
            "(S ke/NN)\n",
            "(S tahat/RB ,/,)\n",
            "(S mujrim/NN)\n",
            "(S ko/NN)\n",
            "(S maut/NN)\n",
            "(S ki/NN)\n",
            "(S saza/NN)\n",
            "(S sunai/NN)\n",
            "(S jaati/NN)\n",
            "(S hai/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Alok/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Tomar/NN) ;/:)\n",
            "(S (GPE Monisha/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Shah/NNP) ;/:)\n",
            "(S (GPE Jonathan/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Lynn/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Ji/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Mantriji/NN) :/:)\n",
            "(S The/DT)\n",
            "(S diaries/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Shri/NN))\n",
            "(S Suryaprakash/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Singh/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Penguin/NN))\n",
            "(S Books/NNS)\n",
            "(S association/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION BBC/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Worldwide/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2001/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION ISBN/NN))\n",
            "(S 978-0-14-302767-6/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S we/PRP 'd/MD)\n",
            "(S death/NN)\n",
            "(S penalty/NN)\n",
            "(S back/RB)\n",
            "(S tomorrow/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Dafa/NN))\n",
            "(S 302/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S taaziraat-e-Hind/NN)\n",
            "(S hung/NN)\n",
            "(S neck/NN)\n",
            "(S death/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE D/NNP) ./.)\n",
            "(S P/NNP ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Mishra/NN))\n",
            "(S September/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2006/CD )/) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Great/NN))\n",
            "(S masters/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S cinema/NN :/:)\n",
            "(S (GPE Dadasaheb/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Phalke/NN))\n",
            "(S (PERSON Award/NN))\n",
            "(S winnersGreat/NN)\n",
            "(S Masters/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Cinema/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Series/NNS) ,/,)\n",
            "(S Publications/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Division/NN) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Ministry/NNP))\n",
            "(S Information/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Broadcasting/NN) ,/,)\n",
            "(S Government/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2006/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION ISBN/NN))\n",
            "(S 978-81-230-1361-9/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Badti/NN))\n",
            "(S Ka/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Naam/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Dadhi/NN))\n",
            "(S 1975/CD )/) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Chhoti/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Si/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Baat/NN))\n",
            "(S 1975/CD )/) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Dafa/NN))\n",
            "(S 302/CD)\n",
            "(S 1/CD)\n",
            "(S 975/CD )/) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Chori/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Mera/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Kaam/NNP))\n",
            "(S 1975/CD )/) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Ek/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Mahal/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Ho/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Sapnon/NN))\n",
            "(S Ka/NNP)\n",
            "(S 420/CD ''/'')\n",
            "(S via/IN)\n",
            "(S www.imdb.com/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Haasan/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Kamal/NNP) ;/:)\n",
            "(S (GPE Puri/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Amrish/NN) ;/:)\n",
            "(S (GPE Puri/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Om/NNP) ;/:)\n",
            "(S (GPE Tabu/NN))\n",
            "(S December/NNP)\n",
            "(S 1997/CD )/) ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Chachi/NN))\n",
            "(S 420/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S retrieved/VBN)\n",
            "(S 3/CD)\n",
            "(S April/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2017/CD)\n",
            "(S C.K.Takwani/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NNP) ./.)\n",
            "(S (GPE Eastern/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Book/NN))\n",
            "(S Company.Murlidhar/NN)\n",
            "(S Chaturvedi/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Bhartiya/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Dand/NN))\n",
            "(S Sanhita,1860/NNP ./.)\n",
            "(S EBC/NNP ./.)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION ISBN/NN))\n",
            "(S 978-93-5028-140-6.Surender/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Malik/NNP) ;/:)\n",
            "(S (GPE Sudeep/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Malik/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Supreme/NNP))\n",
            "(S Court/NNP)\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NNP) ./.)\n",
            "(S EBC/NNP ./.)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION ISBN/NN))\n",
            "(S 978-93-5145-218-8.Constitution/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE IndiaDownload/NN))\n",
            "(S Constitution/NN)\n",
            "(S Of/IN)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP))\n",
            "(S FREE/JJ)\n",
            "(S In/IN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Hindi/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE EnglishIndian/JJ))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NN))\n",
            "(S 1860I.P.C/CD)\n",
            "(S Friendly/RB )/) vteChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S IChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S IIChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S IIIChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S IVChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S VChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S VAChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S VIChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S VIIChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S VIIIChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S IXChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S IXAChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XIChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XIIChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XIIIChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XIVChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XVChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XVIChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XVIIChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XVIIIChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XIXChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XXChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XXAChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XXIChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S XXIIChapter/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION XXIII120B/NN))\n",
            "(S conspiracy/NN )/) 121/CD)\n",
            "(S Government/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP) )/) 122/CD)\n",
            "(S evidence/NN)\n",
            "(S procure/NN)\n",
            "(S conviction/NN)\n",
            "(S capital/NN)\n",
            "(S offence/NN )/) 302/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S 303/CD)\n",
            "(S suicide/NN )/) 364A/CD)\n",
            "(S ransom/NN )/) 364A/CD)\n",
            "(S murder/NN )/) 376A/CD)\n",
            "(S homicide/NN )/) 304/CD)\n",
            "(S homicide/NN)\n",
            "(S amounting/VBG)\n",
            "(S murder/NN )/) 309/CD)\n",
            "(S suicide/NN )/) 320/CD)\n",
            "(S hurt/NN )/) 326A/CD)\n",
            "(S attack/NN )/) 326B/CD)\n",
            "(S acid/NN)\n",
            "(S attack/NN )/) 377/CD)\n",
            "(S offences/NNS )/) 420497/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP))\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION CodeCode/NN))\n",
            "(S Criminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S Procedure/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION ParliamentOrdinanceReal/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Estate/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Development/NNP) )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2016Consumer/CD)\n",
            "(S Protection/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1986Consumer/CD)\n",
            "(S Protection/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2019Essential/JJ)\n",
            "(S Commodities/NNS)\n",
            "(S ActEssential/JJ)\n",
            "(S Services/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Maintenance/NN))\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION ActBenami/NN))\n",
            "(S Transactions/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1988Black/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Money/NN))\n",
            "(S Foreign/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Income/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Assets/NNS) )/))\n",
            "(S Imposition/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Tax/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2015Prevention/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Corruption/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1988The/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Lokpal/JJ))\n",
            "(S Lokayuktas/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2013Mines/NNS)\n",
            "(S Minerals/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Regulation/NN) )/))\n",
            "(S ActPrevention/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Money/NN))\n",
            "(S Laundering/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2002Whistle/CD)\n",
            "(S Blowers/NNS)\n",
            "(S Protection/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2011Armed/CD)\n",
            "(S Forces/NNS)\n",
            "(S Powers/NNS )/))\n",
            "(S ActArmed/NNP)\n",
            "(S Forces/NNS)\n",
            "(S Tribunal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2007Arms/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1959Army/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1950Criminal/CD)\n",
            "(S Law/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2013Cigarettes/NNS)\n",
            "(S Other/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Tobacco/NN))\n",
            "(S Products/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE ActIndian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Evidence/NN))\n",
            "(S ActJuvenile/NN)\n",
            "(S Justice/NN)\n",
            "(S Protection/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Children/NNP) )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2015National/CD)\n",
            "(S Security/NN)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S Women/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Domestic/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Violence/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2005Scheduled/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Caste/NN))\n",
            "(S Scheduled/VBN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Tribe/NN))\n",
            "(S Atrocities/NNS )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1989Indian/JJ)\n",
            "(S Institutes/NNS)\n",
            "(S Management/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2017Institutes/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Technology/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1961National/CD)\n",
            "(S Institutes/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Technology/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2007Right/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Children/NNS))\n",
            "(S (GPE Free/JJ))\n",
            "(S Compulsory/NN)\n",
            "(S Education/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2009University/CD)\n",
            "(S Grants/NNS)\n",
            "(S Commission/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1956Air/CD)\n",
            "(S (GSP Control/NN))\n",
            "(S Pollution/NN )/))\n",
            "(S ActBiological/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Diversity/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2002CAMPA/CD)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION billEnvironment/NN))\n",
            "(S Protection/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1986Indian/JJ)\n",
            "(S Forest/JJS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1927National/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Green/JJ))\n",
            "(S Tribunal/JJ)\n",
            "(S ActPrevention/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Cruelty/NN))\n",
            "(S Animals/NNS)\n",
            "(S ActProtection/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Plant/NN))\n",
            "(S Varieties/NNS)\n",
            "(S Farmers/NNS '/POS)\n",
            "(S Rights/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2001Wildlife/CD)\n",
            "(S Protection/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1972Aadhaar/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Delivery/NN))\n",
            "(S Financial/JJ)\n",
            "(S Subsidies/NNS ,/,)\n",
            "(S benefits/NNS)\n",
            "(S services/NNS )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2016Banking/VBG)\n",
            "(S Regulation/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1949Conservation/CD)\n",
            "(S Foreign/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Exchange/NNP))\n",
            "(S Prevention/NN)\n",
            "(S Smuggling/VBG)\n",
            "(S Activities/NNS)\n",
            "(S ActDepositories/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE ActThe/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Electricity/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2003Expenditure/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Tax/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1987Finance/CD)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S Responsibility/NN)\n",
            "(S Budget/VB)\n",
            "(S Management/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2003Foreign/CD)\n",
            "(S Contribution/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2010Foreign/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Exchange/NNP))\n",
            "(S Management/NN)\n",
            "(S ActFugitive/JJ)\n",
            "(S Economic/JJ)\n",
            "(S Offenders/NNS)\n",
            "(S ActGeographical/JJ)\n",
            "(S Indications/NNS)\n",
            "(S Goods/NNS)\n",
            "(S Protection/NN )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1999Government/CD)\n",
            "(S Securities/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2006Indian/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GSP Contract/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1872Indian/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Stamp/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1899Insolvency/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Bankruptcy/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Code/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2016Insurance/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1938Negotiable/JJ)\n",
            "(S Instruments/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1881Securities/NNS)\n",
            "(S Laws/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2014Securitisation/CD)\n",
            "(S Reconstruction/NN)\n",
            "(S Financial/JJ)\n",
            "(S Assets/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Enforcement/NN))\n",
            "(S Security/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Interest/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2002The/CD)\n",
            "(S Competition/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2002The/CD)\n",
            "(S High/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Denomination/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Bank/NNP))\n",
            "(S Notes/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1978The/CD)\n",
            "(S Income-tax/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1961Transfer/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Property/NN))\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S 1882Urban/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Land/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Regulation/NN) )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1976Central/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Council/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Homoeopathy/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1973Clinical/JJ)\n",
            "(S Establishments/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Regulation/NN) )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2010Dentist/CD)\n",
            "(S ActDrugs/NNS)\n",
            "(S Cosmetics/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1940Drugs/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Magic/NN))\n",
            "(S Remedies/NNS)\n",
            "(S Advertisements/NNS )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1954HIV/AIDS/CD)\n",
            "(S Prevention/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE ActIndian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Medical/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Council/NN))\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION ActMental/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Health/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1987Narcotic/JJ)\n",
            "(S Drugs/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Psychotropic/NN))\n",
            "(S Substances/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1985Mental/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Health/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Care/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2017Bonded/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Labor/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE System/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1976Factories/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act,1948/NNP ,/,)\n",
            "(S IndiaIndustrial/JJ)\n",
            "(S Disputes/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1947Interstate/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Migrant/NN))\n",
            "(S Workmen/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S 1979Maternity/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Benefit/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2017Minimum/CD)\n",
            "(S Wages/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S 1948National/CD)\n",
            "(S Rural/JJ)\n",
            "(S Employment/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Guarantee/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2005Sexual/JJ)\n",
            "(S Harassment/NN)\n",
            "(S Women/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Workplace/NN))\n",
            "(S Prohibition/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Redressal/NNP) )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2013Unorganised/CD)\n",
            "(S Workers/NNS '/POS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Social/NNP))\n",
            "(S Security/NN)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2008Hindu/CD)\n",
            "(S Adoptions/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Maintenance/NN))\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Minority/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Guardianship/NN))\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION ActHindu/NN))\n",
            "(S Succession/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1956Special/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Marriage/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1954The/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Hindu/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Marriage/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1955The/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Christian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Marriage/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1872Rights/NNS)\n",
            "(S Persons/NNS)\n",
            "(S Disabilities/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2016Child/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Labour/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Regulation/NN) )/))\n",
            "(S ActIndecent/NN)\n",
            "(S Representation/NN)\n",
            "(S Women/NNS)\n",
            "(S ActNational/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Food/NN))\n",
            "(S Security/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2013Pre-Conception/NN)\n",
            "(S Pre-Natal/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Diagnostic/JJ))\n",
            "(S Techniques/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1994The/CD)\n",
            "(S Prohibition/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Child/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Marriage/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2006The/CD)\n",
            "(S Scheduled/VBN)\n",
            "(S Tribes/NNS)\n",
            "(S Other/JJ)\n",
            "(S Traditional/JJ)\n",
            "(S Forest/JJS)\n",
            "(S Dwellers/NNS)\n",
            "(S Forest/JJS)\n",
            "(S Rights/NNS )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2006Street/CD)\n",
            "(S Vendors/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2014Anti-Superstition/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Black/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Magic/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE ActThe/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Bombay/NN))\n",
            "(S Prohibition/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1949Bombay/CD)\n",
            "(S Prohibition/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN) )/))\n",
            "(S 2009Chhattisgarh/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Food/NN))\n",
            "(S Security/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2012Karnataka/CD)\n",
            "(S (GSP Control/NN))\n",
            "(S Organised/VBN)\n",
            "(S Crimes/NNS)\n",
            "(S ActMaharashtra/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GSP Control/NN))\n",
            "(S Organised/VBN)\n",
            "(S Crime/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION ActPunjab/NN))\n",
            "(S (GSP Control/NN))\n",
            "(S Organised/VBN)\n",
            "(S Crime/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE ActThe/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Gujarat/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Local/JJ))\n",
            "(S Authorities/NNS)\n",
            "(S Laws/NNS)\n",
            "(S (PERSON Bill/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2009Puducherry/CD)\n",
            "(S Prevention/NN)\n",
            "(S Anti-Social/JJ)\n",
            "(S Activities/NNS)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION ActAndhra/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Pradesh/NN))\n",
            "(S Reorganisation/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2014Bihar/CD)\n",
            "(S Reorganisation/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2000Jammu/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Kashmir/NNP))\n",
            "(S Reorganisation/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2019Madhya/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Pradesh/NN))\n",
            "(S Reorganisation/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2000Punjab/CD)\n",
            "(S Reorganisation/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1966States/NNS)\n",
            "(S Reorganisation/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1956Uttar/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Pradesh/NN))\n",
            "(S Reorganisation/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2000Anti-Hijacking/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2016Unlawful/CD)\n",
            "(S Activities/NNS)\n",
            "(S ActAircraft/NN)\n",
            "(S ActMotor/NN)\n",
            "(S Vehicles/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S 19881988National/CD)\n",
            "(S Waterways/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2016Inland/CD)\n",
            "(S Vessels/NNS)\n",
            "(S ActMetro/NNP)\n",
            "(S Railways/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1978Metro/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Railway/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2002Chartered/CD)\n",
            "(S Accountants/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1949Companies/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2013Gram/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Nyayalayas/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2008Indian/JJ)\n",
            "(S Trusts/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1882Micro/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S (GPE Small/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Medim/NN))\n",
            "(S Enterprises/NNS)\n",
            "(S Development/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2006Panchayats/NNS)\n",
            "(S Scheduled/VBN)\n",
            "(S Areas/NNS )/))\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S 1996Reserve/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Bank/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1934The/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Partnership/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1932Societies/NNS)\n",
            "(S Registration/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1860The/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Limited/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE Liability/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Partnership/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2008Repealing/VBG)\n",
            "(S Amending/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2015Repealing/VBG)\n",
            "(S Amending/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2015Repealing/VBG)\n",
            "(S Amending/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2016Repealing/VBG)\n",
            "(S Amending/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2017Repealing/VBG)\n",
            "(S Amending/VBG)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2017All/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP))\n",
            "(S Services/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1951Delimitation/CD)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION ActEnemy/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Property/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1968Information/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Technology/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2000Nuclear/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Liability/NN))\n",
            "(S ActOfficial/JJ)\n",
            "(S Secrets/NNS)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S People/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1951Right/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Fair/NN))\n",
            "(S Compensation/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Transparency/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Land/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Acquisition/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S Rehabilitation/NN)\n",
            "(S Resettlement/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2013Right/CD)\n",
            "(S Information/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2005State/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Emblem/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE India/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Improper/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Use/NNP) )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2005The/CD)\n",
            "(S Foreigners/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1946Age/CD)\n",
            "(S Consent/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1891Caste/CD)\n",
            "(S Disabilities/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Removal/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1850Criminal/CD)\n",
            "(S Tribes/NNS)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION ActHindu/NN))\n",
            "(S Widows/NNS '/POS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Remarriage/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1856English/CD)\n",
            "(S Education/NN)\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S 1835Prevention/CD)\n",
            "(S Seditious/JJ)\n",
            "(S Meetings/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1907Anti-Copying/JJ)\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1992Foreign/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Exchange/NNP))\n",
            "(S Regulation/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION ActGift/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Tax/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1958Illegal/CD)\n",
            "(S Migrants/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Tribunal/NNP) )/))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1983Interest/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Tax/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1974Maintenance/CD)\n",
            "(S Internal/NNP)\n",
            "(S Security/NN)\n",
            "(S ActPrevention/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Terrorism/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2002Terrorist/CD)\n",
            "(S Disruptive/JJ)\n",
            "(S Activities/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE ActThe/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Gold/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1968The/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Muslim/NN))\n",
            "(S Women/NNS)\n",
            "(S Rights/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Divorce/NN) )/))\n",
            "(S Act/NNP)\n",
            "(S 1986Wealth/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Tax/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Act/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 1957Citizenship/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (PERSON Bill/NN))\n",
            "(S 2016Foreign/CD)\n",
            "(S Education/NN)\n",
            "(S Providers/NNS)\n",
            "(S (PERSON Bill/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2013Geospatial/JJ)\n",
            "(S Information/NN)\n",
            "(S Regulation/NN)\n",
            "(S BillGujarat/NNP)\n",
            "(S (GSP Control/NN))\n",
            "(S Organised/VBN)\n",
            "(S Crime/NN)\n",
            "(S ActMarriage/NN)\n",
            "(S Laws/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION BillUniform/NN))\n",
            "(S civil/JJ)\n",
            "(S codeSurrogacy/NN)\n",
            "(S (PERSON Bill/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2019Transgender/CD)\n",
            "(S Persons/NNS)\n",
            "(S Rights/NNS )/))\n",
            "(S (PERSON Bill/NNP) ,/,)\n",
            "(S 2019Judges/NNS)\n",
            "(S Assets/NNS)\n",
            "(S (GPE BillWomen/NNP) 's/POS)\n",
            "(S Reservation/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION BillCitizenship/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Amendment/NN))\n",
            "(S (PERSON Bill/NN))\n",
            "(S 2016Indian/JJ)\n",
            "(S Penal/JJ)\n",
            "(S CodeActs/NNS)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION Parliament/NN))\n",
            "(S IndiaLegislation/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE British/JJ))\n",
            "(S IndiaCriminal/JJ)\n",
            "(S codes1860/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE British/JJ))\n",
            "(S law1860/NN)\n",
            "(S law1860/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION IndiaUse/NN))\n",
            "(S dmy/NN)\n",
            "(S dates/NNS)\n",
            "(S June/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2016Use/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S (GPE English/JJ))\n",
            "(S June/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2016All/CD)\n",
            "(S (GPE Wikipedia/NNP))\n",
            "(S articles/NNS)\n",
            "(S written/VBN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Indian/JJ))\n",
            "(S EnglishPages/NNS)\n",
            "(S using/VBG)\n",
            "(S collapsible/JJ)\n",
            "(S list/NN)\n",
            "(S background/NN)\n",
            "(S text-align/NN)\n",
            "(S titlestylePages/NNS)\n",
            "(S using/VBG)\n",
            "(S deprecated/VBN)\n",
            "(S parameter/NN)\n",
            "(S legislation/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION infoboxAll/NN))\n",
            "(S articles/NNS)\n",
            "(S unsourced/JJ)\n",
            "(S statementsArticles/NNS)\n",
            "(S unsourced/JJ)\n",
            "(S statements/NNS)\n",
            "(S December/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2010Not/CD)\n",
            "(S logged/VBN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION inTalkContributionsCreate/NN))\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION accountLog/NN))\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION inArticleTalkReadEditView/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE historyMain/NN))\n",
            "(S pageContentsFeatured/VBN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION contentCurrent/NN))\n",
            "(S eventsRandom/NN)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION articleDonate/NN))\n",
            "(S WikipediaWikipedia/NNP)\n",
            "(S storeHelpAbout/NN)\n",
            "(S WikipediaCommunity/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE portalRecent/NN))\n",
            "(S changesContact/NN)\n",
            "(S pageWhat/NN)\n",
            "(S links/NNS)\n",
            "(S hereRelated/VBN)\n",
            "(S changesUpload/NN)\n",
            "(S fileSpecial/JJ)\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION pagesPermanent/NN))\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION linkPage/NN))\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION informationWikidata/NN))\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION itemCite/NN))\n",
            "(S (ORGANIZATION pageCreate/NN))\n",
            "(S bookDownload/NN)\n",
            "(S PDFPrintable/JJ)\n",
            "(S versionঅসমীয়াবাংলাગુજરાતીहिन्दीBahasa/NN)\n",
            "(S Indonesiaമലയാളംमराठीଓଡ଼ିଆਪੰਜਾਬੀSimple/NN)\n",
            "(S Englishதமிழ்తెలుగుاردو/NN)\n",
            "(S This/DT)\n",
            "(S page/NN)\n",
            "(S last/JJ)\n",
            "(S edited/VBN)\n",
            "(S 5/CD)\n",
            "(S October/NNP)\n",
            "(S 2019/CD ,/,)\n",
            "(S 21:36/CD)\n",
            "(S available/JJ)\n",
            "(S Creative/JJ)\n",
            "(S Commons/NNS)\n",
            "(S Attribution-ShareAlike/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE License/NN) ;/:)\n",
            "(S additional/JJ)\n",
            "(S terms/NNS)\n",
            "(S may/MD)\n",
            "(S apply/NN ./.)\n",
            "(S By/IN)\n",
            "(S using/VBG)\n",
            "(S site/NN ,/,)\n",
            "(S agree/NN)\n",
            "(S Terms/NNS)\n",
            "(S Use/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Privacy/NN))\n",
            "(S (GPE Policy/NN) ./.)\n",
            "(S Wikipedia®/NN)\n",
            "(S registered/VBN)\n",
            "(S trademark/NN)\n",
            "(S (GPE Wikimedia/NNP))\n",
            "(S (GPE Foundation/NN) ,/,)\n",
            "(S Inc./NNP ,/,)\n",
            "(S non-profit/JJ)\n",
            "(S organization.Privacy/NN)\n",
            "(S policyAbout/NN)\n",
            "(S WikipediaDisclaimersContact/NN)\n",
            "(S WikipediaDevelopersCookie/NN)\n",
            "(S statementMobile/NN)\n",
            "(S view/NN)\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "_vZQaM4FhMyz",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        ""
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "oYIc2x2AV49y",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "**EXTRACTING CONTENTS FROM THE DATASET - 1 (ONLY THE LEGISLATION TITLES ARE EXTRACTED)**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "3LYsO3ioWNMR",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "The purpose of extracting only the ACT's is to determine which has the maximum frequency in the cases registered. From the lists we can arrive at a conclusion that Migration act has been registered more frequently. "
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "qxh7kqU9cnoI",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "70352a80-724d-4ec3-d1af-e3d78bb58e78",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 701
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "pon = \" \"\n",
        "xtends = []\n",
        "#required3 = []\n",
        "for file in glob.glob(\"/content/drive/My Drive/Test_corpus_SUMM/*\"):\n",
        "        with open(file, 'r') as infile:\n",
        "                pon += listToString(infile.readlines())\n",
        "\n",
        "soup = BeautifulSoup(pon, 'lxml')\n",
        "required3 = soup.find_all(\"title\", attrs = { \"id\" : \"l0\"})\n",
        "for i in required3:\n",
        "    xtends.append(i.get_text())\n",
        "xtends"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['CORPORATIONS ACT 2001 ',\n",
              " 'TRADE PRACTICES ACT 1974 ',\n",
              " 'INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ACT 1988 ',\n",
              " 'TRADE MARKS ACT 1995 ',\n",
              " 'MUTUAL ASSISTANCE IN CRIMINAL MATTERS LEGISLATION AMENDMENT BILL 1996 ',\n",
              " 'TRADE PRACTICES ACT 1974 ',\n",
              " 'ACTS INTERPRETATION ACT 1901 ',\n",
              " 'TRADE PRACTICES ACT 1974 ',\n",
              " 'MIGRATION ACT 1958 ',\n",
              " 'CORPORATIONS ACT 2001 ',\n",
              " 'BANKRUPTCY ACT 1966 ',\n",
              " 'FEDERAL COURT RULES 1979 ',\n",
              " 'MIGRATION ACT 1958 ',\n",
              " 'PATENTS ACT 1990 ',\n",
              " 'TRADE PRACTICES ACT 1974 ',\n",
              " 'MIGRATION ACT 1958 ',\n",
              " 'NATIVE TITLE ACT 1993 ',\n",
              " 'BANKRUPTCY ACT 1966 ',\n",
              " 'ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALS TRIBUNAL ACT 1975 ',\n",
              " 'MIGRATION ACT 1958 ',\n",
              " 'TRADE PRACTICES ACT 1974 ',\n",
              " 'ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALS TRIBUNAL ACT 1975 ',\n",
              " 'MIGRATION ACT 1958 ',\n",
              " 'MIGRATION ACT 1958 ',\n",
              " 'BANKRUPTCY ACT 1966 ',\n",
              " 'FEDERAL COURT RULES 1979 ',\n",
              " 'TRADE PRACTICES ACT 1974 ',\n",
              " 'JUDICIARY ACT 1903 ',\n",
              " 'FEDERAL COURT RULES 1979 ',\n",
              " 'FEDERAL COURT RULES 1979 ',\n",
              " 'ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALS TRIBUNAL ACT 1975 ',\n",
              " 'FEDERAL COURT RULES 1979 ',\n",
              " 'FEDERAL COURT RULES 1979 ',\n",
              " 'ABORIGINAL AND TORRES STRAIT ISLANDER HERITAGE PROTECTION ACT 1984 ',\n",
              " 'MIGRATION ACT 1958 ',\n",
              " 'INCOME TAX ASSESSMENT ACT 1936 ',\n",
              " 'INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ACT 1988 ',\n",
              " 'CRIMES ACT 1914 ']"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          },
          "execution_count": 95
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "GKiBYDRSg--4",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        "def listToStr(s):\n",
        "    string = ' '.join(map(str, s ))\n",
        "    return string"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "DiaP-QXKWwVs",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "**FINDING KEYWORDS FUNCTION**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "MRj7rsLFW435",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "The purpose of the function is to extract the keywords such as the noun and verbs from the content. These words will be further used for determining if they occur in other cases registered under Migration Act using Tf vectorizer."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "FtNv5cZ2g-73",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        "def find_keywords(path):\n",
        "    with open(path, \"r\") as f:\n",
        "            contents_read = f.read()\n",
        "            soup = BeautifulSoup(contents_read, 'lxml') \n",
        "    required1 = soup.find_all(\"citances\")\n",
        "    train_sentence_sample = []\n",
        "\n",
        "    for i in required1:\n",
        "        train_sentence_sample.append(i.get_text())\n",
        "\n",
        "    nouns = []\n",
        "    train_sentence_sample=listToString(train_sentence_sample)\n",
        "    sentences = nltk.sent_tokenize(train_sentence_sample) \n",
        "\n",
        "    for sentence in sentences:\n",
        "        for word,pos in nltk.pos_tag(nltk.word_tokenize(str(sentence))):\n",
        "            if (pos == 'NN' or pos == 'VB' or pos == 'VBN'):\n",
        "                nouns.append(word)\n",
        "\n",
        "    filtered_nouns = list(filter(lambda a: a != ']' , nouns))\n",
        "    filtered_nouns = list(filter(lambda a: a != '[' , nouns))\n",
        "\n",
        "    filtered_keywords = []\n",
        "    filtered_keywords_migration = []\n",
        "    for word in filtered_nouns:  \n",
        "        if word not in filtered_keywords:                \n",
        "            filtered_keywords.append(word)\n",
        "\n",
        "    for i in range(0, len(filtered_keywords)):\n",
        "        if len(filtered_keywords[i]) > 3:\n",
        "            filtered_keywords_migration.append(filtered_keywords[i])\n",
        "    \n",
        "    return filtered_keywords_migration"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "p9ThRfkMXWSY",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "These are the documents which are related to Migration act "
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "UgRaxQfFg-4z",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        "from_06_12 = listToStr(find_keywords('/content/drive/My Drive/Test_corpus_SUMM/06_12.xml'))\n",
        "from_06_7 = listToStr(find_keywords('/content/drive/My Drive/Test_corpus_SUMM/06_7.xml'))\n",
        "from_06_3 = listToStr(find_keywords('/content/drive/My Drive/Test_corpus_SUMM/06_3.xml'))\n",
        "from_06_16 = listToStr(find_keywords('/content/drive/My Drive/Test_corpus_SUMM/06_16.xml'))\n",
        "\n",
        "#migration_documents = [from_06_12, from_06_7, from_06_3, from_06_16]\n",
        "\n",
        "#type(migration_documents)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "DjxxIEcEXg7q",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "**COUNT VECTORIZING FUNCTION**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "wUfzyPkThTvM",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "47c885e3-e756-4dd0-ef09-16916241803b",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 222
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer\n",
        "import pandas as pd\n",
        "\n",
        "count_vectorizer = CountVectorizer(stop_words='english')\n",
        "count_vectorizer = CountVectorizer()\n",
        "sparse_matrix = count_vectorizer.fit_transform([from_06_12, from_06_7, from_06_3, from_06_16])\n",
        "\n",
        "doc_term_matrix = sparse_matrix.todense()\n",
        "df = pd.DataFrame(doc_term_matrix, \n",
        "                  columns=count_vectorizer.get_feature_names(), \n",
        "                  index=['from_06_12', 'from_06_7', 'from_06_3', 'from_06_16'])\n",
        "df"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "<div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>170</th>\n",
              "      <th>841of</th>\n",
              "      <th>abandoned</th>\n",
              "      <th>ability</th>\n",
              "      <th>absence</th>\n",
              "      <th>accept</th>\n",
              "      <th>accepted</th>\n",
              "      <th>accident</th>\n",
              "      <th>accommodation</th>\n",
              "      <th>accord</th>\n",
              "      <th>account</th>\n",
              "      <th>acknowledge</th>\n",
              "      <th>acknowledged</th>\n",
              "      <th>acted</th>\n",
              "      <th>action</th>\n",
              "      <th>actor</th>\n",
              "      <th>addition</th>\n",
              "      <th>address</th>\n",
              "      <th>addressed</th>\n",
              "      <th>adequacy</th>\n",
              "      <th>advanced</th>\n",
              "      <th>affirmed</th>\n",
              "      <th>agree</th>\n",
              "      <th>allegation</th>\n",
              "      <th>allow</th>\n",
              "      <th>analysis</th>\n",
              "      <th>anyone</th>\n",
              "      <th>appeal</th>\n",
              "      <th>appealed</th>\n",
              "      <th>appellant</th>\n",
              "      <th>applicant</th>\n",
              "      <th>application</th>\n",
              "      <th>applied</th>\n",
              "      <th>area</th>\n",
              "      <th>argue</th>\n",
              "      <th>argument</th>\n",
              "      <th>arise</th>\n",
              "      <th>articulated</th>\n",
              "      <th>ascertain</th>\n",
              "      <th>aspect</th>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
              "      <th>subrule</th>\n",
              "      <th>success</th>\n",
              "      <th>suggest</th>\n",
              "      <th>suggested</th>\n",
              "      <th>suggestion</th>\n",
              "      <th>support</th>\n",
              "      <th>supporter</th>\n",
              "      <th>suppression</th>\n",
              "      <th>supra</th>\n",
              "      <th>surmise</th>\n",
              "      <th>sustained</th>\n",
              "      <th>system</th>\n",
              "      <th>take</th>\n",
              "      <th>termed</th>\n",
              "      <th>terminated</th>\n",
              "      <th>termination</th>\n",
              "      <th>test</th>\n",
              "      <th>thought</th>\n",
              "      <th>tort</th>\n",
              "      <th>traffic</th>\n",
              "      <th>treated</th>\n",
              "      <th>trial</th>\n",
              "      <th>tribunal</th>\n",
              "      <th>turn</th>\n",
              "      <th>understanding</th>\n",
              "      <th>union</th>\n",
              "      <th>unwillingness</th>\n",
              "      <th>used</th>\n",
              "      <th>view</th>\n",
              "      <th>violence</th>\n",
              "      <th>virtue</th>\n",
              "      <th>visa</th>\n",
              "      <th>want</th>\n",
              "      <th>weight</th>\n",
              "      <th>well</th>\n",
              "      <th>wife</th>\n",
              "      <th>witness</th>\n",
              "      <th>woman</th>\n",
              "      <th>work</th>\n",
              "      <th>written</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>from_06_12</th>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>from_06_7</th>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>from_06_3</th>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>from_06_16</th>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>4 rows × 447 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>"
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "            170  841of  abandoned  ability  ...  witness  woman  work  written\n",
              "from_06_12    1      0          1        0  ...        0      0     0        0\n",
              "from_06_7     0      1          0        0  ...        0      0     0        0\n",
              "from_06_3     0      0          0        1  ...        0      1     1        1\n",
              "from_06_16    0      0          0        0  ...        1      0     0        0\n",
              "\n",
              "[4 rows x 447 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          },
          "execution_count": 102
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "DkxWi3lxnqK7",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "**WORD EMBEDDINGS (WORD2VEC AND SKIPGRAM)**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Tz0NkP7SeaR-",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        " GENSIM_MODEL = gensim.models.Word2Vec([filtered_tokens_1], min_count = 1,  \n",
        "                              size = 100, window = 5)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Fpq2k4sTpnsc",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        "SKIP_GRAM = gensim.models.Word2Vec([filtered_tokens_1], min_count = 1, size = 100, \n",
        "                                             window = 5, sg = 1)"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "OHQUJxHcmYGF",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "75d80f08-2f8c-442a-fad2-0db0bffae06e",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 35
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "result_GENSIM_MODEL = GENSIM_MODEL.similar_by_word(\"Indian\")\n",
        "print(\"{}: {:.4f} {}: {:.4f}\" .format(*result_GENSIM_MODEL[0], *result_GENSIM_MODEL[1]))"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "Act,: 0.3497 Act: 0.3191\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "mEYA-i_kn7yT",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "55d5b4e5-75a7-41d5-d791-263e3dc7dce0",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 35
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "result_SKIP_GRAM = SKIP_GRAM.similar_by_word(\"account\")\n",
        "print(\"{}: {:.4f} {}: {:.4f}\" .format(*result_SKIP_GRAM[0], *result_SKIP_GRAM[1]))"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "may: 0.9741 must: 0.9740\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "pHWX14_neaIG",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        "\n",
        "            \n"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "OSlrwFKmyv9S",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "**END OF THE PROJECT BELOW THIS IS**\n",
        "**ROUGH WORK DO NOT EVALUATE**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "FP-MetZkcnOv",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "629a1577-b270-46b4-c481-30fc146ee0bc",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 35
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "pip install PyPDF2"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "Requirement already satisfied: PyPDF2 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (1.26.0)\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "n2OrG_TgjliT",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        "import PyPDF2\n",
        "\n",
        "def getPDFContent(path):\n",
        "    content = \" \"\n",
        "    # Load PDF into pyPDF\n",
        "    pdf = PyPDF2.PdfFileReader(file(path, \"rb\"))\n",
        "    # Iterate pages\n",
        "    for i in range(0, pdf.getNumPages()):\n",
        "        # Extract text from page and add to content\n",
        "        content += pdf.getPage(i).extractText() + \"\\n\"\n",
        "    # Collapse whitespace\n",
        "    content = \" \".join(content.replace(u\"\\xa0\", \" \").strip().split())\n",
        "    print(type(content))\n",
        "    return content\n",
        "\n"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "gy4KluMWEthg",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "4bc2c0c4-2d15-4926-803e-d98a750cd7e3",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 73
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "print getPDFContent(\"/content/drive/My Drive/Citi/Citi AAdvantage Platinum Select Visa.pdf\")"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "<type 'unicode'>\n",
            "1238049189Y CARD AGREEMENTThis Card Agreement is your contract with us. It governs the use of your card and account. The enclosed Facts About Interest and Fees (ÒFact SheetÓ) is part of this Agreement. Please read this Agreement, including the Fact Sheet, care- fully. Keep them for your records. Definitionsaccount means the relationship established between you andus by this Agreement.APR means an annual percentage rate. authorized user means any person you allow to use youraccount.card means one or more cards or other access devices thatwe give you to get credit under this Agreement. This includes account numbers.we, us, and our mean Citibank, N.A., the issuer of youraccount.you, your, and yours mean the person who applied to openthe account. It also means any other person responsible for complying with this Agreement.Your Account You agree to use your account in accordance with this Agreement. You must pay us for all amounts due on your account. This Agreement is binding on you unless you close your account within 30 days after receiving the card and you have not used or authorized use of the card. Your account must only be used for lawful transactions.Authorized Users. You may request additional cards for authorized users. You must pay us for all charges made by authorized users. You must pay us even if you did not intend to be responsible for those charges. You must notify us to withdraw any permission you give to an authorized user to use your account.Revolving Credit Limit. Your initial revolving credit limit is on the card carrier. The full amount of your revolving credit limit is available to use where the card is honored. Part of your revolving credit limit is called the cash advance limit. It is available for cash advances. We may reduce or increase your revolving credit limit or cash advance limit at any time for anyreason as permitted by law. We will notify you of any change, but the change may take effect before you receive the notice. Your account does not have a pre-set spending limit. As a result, we may permit you to incur charges that cause your New Balance to go over your revolving credit limit. We eval- uate these charges based on your account performance, other credit accounts with us, and experience with other creditors. Your minimum payment due will include the amount by which your New Balance goes over your revolving credit limit. You must pay this amount whether it is due to purchases, cash advances, interest charges, fees, or other charges.Balance Transfers. Balance transfers are an account featurethat we make available to you through offers. If there is an offer available at account opening, the Citi Disclosures will describe the terms of that offer. If we make an offer after your account is opened, the offer will describe the terms. All balance transfers are subject to the standard purchase APR unless a promotional rate applies.Checks. We may provide you with balance transfer checks. You may use them to transfer a balance to your account or make other transactions. We may also provide you with cash convenience checks. You may use them to get a cash advance. Use of a cash convenience check will be a cash advance even if you use the check to make a payment to another creditor. You may not use balance transfer checks or cash convenience checks to pay an amount owed to us under this Agreement or to pay another account with us or an affiliate. We do not certify these checks or return any checks that have been paid.Billing Statement. Your billing statement shows the New Balance. This is the total amount you owe us on the State- ment Closing Date. To determine the New Balance, we begin with the total balance at the start of the billing period. We add any purchases, balance transfers or cash advances. We subtract any credits or payments. We then add any interest charges or fees and make other adjustments.We deliver a billing statement to only one address. You must notify Customer Service of a change in address. We may stop sending you statements if we deem your account uncollecti- ble or start collection proceedings; but we may continue to add interest and fees as permitted by law. APRsAccount APRs. For the APRs on your account, see the FactSheet.Variable APRs Based on Prime. If any APR is based on the U.S. Prime Rate (ÒPrime RateÓ), the APR will equal the Prime Rate plus an additional amount. The additional amount appears on the Fact Sheet in the Details About Your Interest Rate table. If the Prime Rate increases, it will cause the APR to increase. If the Prime Rate decreases, it will cause the APR to decrease. For each billing period we use the Prime Rate published in The Wall Street Journal two business daysbefore the Statement Closing Date. If the Prime Rate causes an APR to change, we put the new APR into effect as of the first day of the billing period for which we calculate the APR. We apply the new APR to any existing balances, subject to any promotional rate that may apply. If The Wall Street Journal does not publish the Prime Rate, we will use a similarpublished rate.Penalty APR. The Penalty APR may be applied to youraccount if you:¥ make a late payment or ¥ make a payment that is returned.We set your Penalty APR based on your creditworthiness. If the Penalty APR is applied to your account because youmake a late payment that is not more than 60 days late or make a payment that is returned, it will apply only to new transactions and may continue to apply indefinitely. However, if the Penalty APR is applied to your account because your payment is more than 60 days late, the Penalty APR will apply to both existing and new transactions. It will no longer apply to existing transactions if you make the next six con- secutive minimum payments when due. If you do not make these six consecutive minimum payments, the Penalty APR may continue to apply to both new and existing balances indefinitely. Effect of APR Increases. If an APR increases, interest chargesincrease. Your minimum payment may increase as well. Interest Charges Based on APRs Interest Charges. We impose interest charges when we apply APRs to your account balances. We do this every day by using a daily periodic rate. To get a daily periodic rate, we divide the APR by 365.When Interest Charges Begin. We begin to impose interest charges the first day we add a charge to a daily balance. The charges we add to a daily balance include purchases, balance transfers, and cash advances. They also include interest charges and fees. We continue to impose interest charges 4568049189Y until we credit your account with full payment of the totalamount you owe us.Grace Period on Purchases. You can avoid interest charges on purchases, but not on balance transfers and cash advances. This is called a grace period on purchases. The grace period is at least 23 days. To get a grace period on purchases, you must pay the New Balance in full by the due date every billing period. If you do not, you will not get a grace period until you pay the New Balance in full for two billing periods in a row. Certain balance transfer offers may take away the grace period on purchases. If that is the case, the balance transfer offer will describe what happens.Calculation of Interest ChargesÑDaily Balance Method(Including Current Transactions). We calculate interest charges each billing period. To do this: ¥ We start with each of your different balances. These balances include, for example, standard purchases, standard cash advances, and different promotional balances. (When we calculate interest charges, we treat balance transfers as standard purchases unless a promotional rate applies.)¥ We calculate the daily balance for each of your different balances. To get a daily balance, we start with the balance as of the end of the previous day. We add any interest charge on the previous dayÕs balance. (This results in daily compounding of interest charges.) We add any new charges. We then subtract any new credits or payments.¥ We multiply each daily balance by the daily periodic rate that applies to it. We do this for each day in the billing period. This gives us the daily interest charges for each of your different balances.¥ We add up all the daily interest charges. The sum is the total interest charge for the billing period.When we calculate daily balances, we add a purchase as of the Sale Date on the billing statement. We add a balance transfer or cash advance as of the Post Date on the billing statement. (The Post Date is the date we get a request to complete a balance transfer or cash advance transaction. When you send a balance transfer or cash convenience check directly to someone, the Post Date is the date we receive the check for payment.) We add a transaction fee to the same balance as the transaction. We generally add other fees to the standard purchase balance. We subtract a payment or credit as of the day it is credited to the account and then make otheradjustments. We treat a credit balance as a balance of zero. Balance Subject to Interest Rate. Your statement shows a Balance Subject to Interest Rate. It shows this for each different balance. The Balance Subject to Interest Rate is the average of the daily balances during the billing period. A billing period begins on the day after the Statement Closing Date of the previous billing period. It includes the Statement Closing Date of the current billing period.FeesAnnual Membership Fee. If an annual membership feeapplies, the Fact Sheet shows it. We will refund this fee if you notify us that you are closing your account within 30 days of the mailing or delivery date of the statement on which the feeappears. The fee is otherwise non-refundable. Transaction Fee for Balance Transfers. The Fact Sheetshows the amount of this fee. We add this fee for each balance transfer. This fee is in addition to any periodic fee that may be imposed with a promotional offer. You make a balance transfer when you use a balance transfer check or contact us to transfer a balance.Transaction Fee for Cash Advances. The Fact Sheet shows the amount of this fee. We add this fee for each cash advance. You take a cash advance if you use a cash conven- ience check; get money through an automated teller machine (ATM); or get money through home banking or a financial institution. You also take a cash advance if you make a wire transfer; buy a money order, travelerÕs check, lottery ticket, casino chip, or similar item; or engage in a similar transaction.Transaction Fee for Foreign Purchases. The Fact Sheetshows the amount of this fee, which is a percentage of the U.S. dollar amount of the purchase. We add this fee for each purchase made outside the U.S., whether made in U.S. dollars or in a foreign currency. Late Fee. We may add a late fee for each billing period in which you have a past due payment. For late fee purposes, you have a past due payment any time you fail to pay the Minimum Payment Due (less the Amount Over Revolving Credit Limit shown on your billing statement) by the payment due date. The fee will be $25; or $35 for any additional past due payment during the next six billing periods after a past due payment. However, the fee will not exceed the amount permitted by law. Returned Payment Fee. We may add a returned payment fee for a returned payment. A returned payment is an electronicdebit, payment check, or similar payment instrument, that is returned unpaid. We may add this fee the first time your payment is returned, even if it is not returned upon resubmis- sion. The fee will be $25; or $35 for any additional returned payment during the next six billing periods after a returned payment. However, the fee will not exceed the amount per- mitted by law. Stop Payment on Cash Convenience Check Fee. We add a $39 fee if we honor your request to stop payment on a cash convenience check. To stop payment on a cash convenience check write us at P.O. Box 6500, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57117. You can also call the Customer Service number on the billing statement. If you call, you must confirm the call in writing within 14 days. A written stop payment order is good for 6 months unless renewed in writing.Information on Foreign Currency ConversionOur network providers are MasterCard, Visa, and American Express. They convert transactions in foreign currencies into U.S. dollars. The type of card you have determines who does the conversion. Each network provider follows its own procedures. Each network providerÕs current procedures are described below. The procedures may change from time to time without notice.¥ MasterCard uses a conversion rate in effect one daybefore its transaction processing date. It uses a government-mandated rate if required to do so. If not, it uses a wholesale market rate.¥ Visa uses a conversion rate in effect on its applicablecentral processing date. It uses a government-mandated rate if required to do so. If not, it selects from the range of rates available in wholesale currency markets. The selected rate may vary from the rate Visa receives. ¥ American Express uses any conversion rate required by applicable law. If there is none, it uses the highest interbank rate it selects on the business day before the day it processes the transaction.A third party may convert a transaction into U.S. dollars oranother currency before sending it to our network provider. In these cases, the third party selects the conversion rate.If you take a cash advance in a foreign currency at a branchor ATM of one of our affiliates, an affiliate of ours will convert it into U.S. dollars. This applies regardless of which network providerÕs card you use to take the cash advance. Our affiliate currently uses a conversion rate in effect on its processing 7898049189Y date. It uses a government-mandated rate if required to do so. If not, it uses a mid-point market rate. Our affiliateÕs procedure may change from time to time without notice. The conversion rate you get is the one used on the transac-tionÕs processing date. This may be different from the one in effect on the transactionÕs Sale Date or Post Date. PaymentsMinimum Payment Due. You must pay at least the Minimum Payment Due by the payment due date each billing period. The sooner you pay the New Balance, the less you will pay in interest charges. To calculate the Minimum Payment Due, we begin with any past due amount. We then add any amount in excess of your revolving credit limit. We also add the largest of the following:¥ The New Balance on the billing statement if it is less than $25;¥ $25 if the New Balance is at least $25; ¥ 1% of the New Balance (the result is rounded down to the nearest dollar) plus the amount of your billed interest charges, any applicable late fee, and any applicable minimum interest charge; or ¥ 1.5% of the New Balance (the result is rounded down to the nearest dollar).When we calculate the Minimum Payment Due, we may subtract from the New Balance certain fees added to your account during the billing period. We may also include in the Minimum Payment Due any additional amount specified in a promotional offer. The balance of any such promotional offer is not included in the four bullets above. The Minimum Payment Due is never more than the New Balance.Application of Payments. Payments in excess of the Mini-mum Payment Due are applied in accordance with law. This means that we will generally apply payments in excess of the Minimum Payment Due to balances with higher APRs before balances with lower APRs. We generally apply payments equal to or less than the Minimum Payment Due and credits to lower APR balances first.Payment Instructions. We credit your payments in accor- dance with our payment instructions on the billing statement. You must pay us in U.S. dollars. To do so, you must use a check, similar instrument, or electronic debit that is drawn on and honored by a bank in the U.S. Do not send cash. We can accept late or partial payments, or payments that reflect Òpaidin fullÓ or other restrictive endorsements, without losing our rights. We also reserve the right to accept payments made in foreign currency and instruments drawn on funds on deposit outside the U.S. If we do, we select the currency conversion rate. We will then credit your account in U.S. dollars after deducting any costs incurred in processing your payment. Or we may bill you separately for these costs.Optional Pay by Phone Service. You may use our optional Pay by Phone Service to make your payment by phone. To do so, call us to request the service. Credit ReportingWe may report information about your account to credit bureaus. Late payments, missed payments, or other defaults on your account may be reflected in your credit report. We may report account information in your name and the names of authorized users. We may also obtain follow-up credit reports on you.If you think we reported incorrect information to a creditbureau, write us at the Customer Service address on the billing statement. We will investigate the matter. We will then tell you if we agree or disagree with you. If we agree with you, we will contact each credit bureau to which we reported and request a correction. If we disagree with you, we will tell you that.Information SharingYou authorize us to share information about you as permitted by law. This includes information we get from you and others. It also includes information about your transactions with us. Please see our Privacy Notice for details about our informa- tion sharing practices.Changes to this Agreement We may change the rates, fees, and terms of this Agree- ment from time to time as permitted by law. The changes may add, replace, or remove provisions of this Agreement. We will give you advance written notice of the changes and a right to opt out to the extent required by law. DefaultYou default under this Agreement if you fail to pay the Minimum Payment Due by its due date; pay by a check or similar instrument that is not honored or that we must return because it cannot be processed; pay by electronic debit that is returned unpaid; file for bankruptcy; or default under anyother Card Agreement that you have with us. If you default,we may close your account and, to the extent permitted by law, demand immediate payment of the total balance. If you gave us a security interest in a Certificate of Deposit, we may use the deposit amount to pay any amount you owe.Refusal of the Card, Closed Accounts, and Related ProvisionsRefusal of the Card. We do not guarantee approval of transactions. We are not liable for transactions that are not approved. That is true even if you have enough credit. We may limit the number of transactions approved in one day. If we detect unusual or suspicious activity, we may suspend your credit privileges.Preauthorized Charges. We may suspend any automatic or other preauthorized card charges you arrange with a third party. We may do this if you default; if the card is lost or stolen; or we change your account for any reason. If we do this, you are responsible for paying the third party directly if you wish to do so. You are also responsible for reinstating the preauthorized charges if you wish to do so and we permit it.Lost or Stolen Cards, Account Numbers, or CashConvenience and Balance Transfer Checks. You must call us if any card, account number, or check is lost or stolen. You must also call us if you think someone used or may use them without permission. When you call, we may require you to provide information to help our investigation. We may require you to provide this information in writing. For example, we may ask you to identify any charges that were not made by you or someone authorized by you. We may also ask you to confirm that you received no benefit from those charges.Closing Your Account. You may close your account by notifying us in writing or over the phone. If you close your account, you must still repay the total balance in accordance with this Agreement. We may also close your account or suspend account privileges at any time for any reason. We may do this without prior notice to you. We may also reissue a different card at any time. You must return any card to us upon request.Closing Secured Accounts. If your account is a securedaccount, you gave us a security interest in a Certificate of Deposit. This secures repayment of your account. If you withdraw your funds from the Certificate of Deposit, we will close your account. 1011128049189Y ARBITRATION PLEASE READ THIS PROVISION OF THE AGREEMENTCAREFULLY. IT PROVIDES THAT ANY DISPUTE MAY BE RESOLVED BY BINDING ARBITRATION. ARBITRATION REPLACES THE RIGHT TO GO TO COURT, INCLUDING THE RIGHT TO A JURY AND THE RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE IN A CLASS ACTION OR SIMILAR PROCEEDING. IN ARBI- TRATION, A DISPUTE IS RESOLVED BY AN ARBITRATOR INSTEAD OF A JUDGE OR JURY. ARBITRATION PROCE- DURES ARE SIMPLER AND MORE LIMITED THAN COURT PROCEDURES.Agreement to Arbitrate: Either you or we may, without the otherÕs consent, elect mandatory, binding arbitration for any claim, dispute, or controversy between you and us (called ÒClaimsÓ).Claims CoveredWhat Claims are subject to arbitration? All Claims relating to your account, a prior related account, or our relationship are subject to arbitration, including Claims regarding the application, enforceability, or interpretation of this Agreement and this arbitration provision. All Claims are subject to arbi- tration, no matter what legal theory they are based on or what remedy (damages, or injunctive or declaratory relief) they seek. This includes Claims based on contract, tort (including intentional tort), fraud, agency, your or our negligence, statutory or regulatory provisions, or any other sources of law; Claims made as counterclaims, cross-claims, third- party claims, interpleaders or otherwise; and Claims made independently or with other claims. A party who initiates a proceeding in court may elect arbitration with respect to any Claim advanced in that proceeding by any other party. Claims and remedies sought as part of a class action, private attorney general or other representative action are subject to arbitration on an individual (non-class, non-representative) basis, and the arbitrator may award relief only on an individ- ual (non-class, non-representative) basis.Whose Claims are subject to arbitration? Not only ours andyours, but also Claims made by or against anyone connected with us or you or claiming through us or you, such as a co-applicant or authorized user of your account, an employee, agent, representative, affiliated company, predecessor or successor, heir, assignee, or trustee in bankruptcy. What time frame applies to Claims subject to arbitration?Claims arising in the past, present, or future, including Claimsarising before the opening of your account, are subject toarbitration.Broadest interpretation. Any questions about whether Claimsare subject to arbitration shall be resolved by interpreting this arbitration provision in the broadest way the law will allow it to be enforced. This arbitration provision is governed by the Federal Arbitration Act (the ÒFAAÓ). What about Claims filed in Small Claims Court? Claims filedin a small claims court are not subject to arbitration, so long as the matter remains in such court and advances only an individual (non-class, non-representative) Claim.What about debt collections? We and anyone to whom we assign your debt will not initiate an arbitration proceeding to collect a debt from you unless you assert a Claim against us or our assignee. We and any assignee may seek arbitration on an individual basis of any Claim asserted by you, whether in arbitration or any proceeding, including in a proceeding to collect a debt. You may seek arbitration on an individual basis of any Claim asserted against you, including in a proceeding to collect a debt.How Arbitration Works How does a party initiate arbitration? The party filing anarbitration must choose one of the following two arbitration firms and follow its rules and procedures for initiating and pursuing an arbitration: American Arbitration Association or JAMS. Any arbitration hearing that you attend will be held at a place chosen by the arbitration firm in the same city as the U.S. District Court closest to your then current billing address, or at some other place to which you and we agree in writing. You may obtain copies of the current rules of each of the arbitration firms and forms and instructions for initiating an arbitration by contacting them as follows:American Arbitration Association800-778-7879 (toll-free) Website: www.adr.org JAMS800-352-5267 (toll-free) Website: www.jamsadr.com At any time you or we may ask an appropriate court tocompel arbitration of Claims, or to stay the litigation of Claims pending arbitration, even if such Claims are part of a lawsuit, unless a trial has begun or a final judgment has been entered. Even if a party fails to exercise these rights at any particular time, or in connection with any particular Claims, that partycan still require arbitration at a later time or in connection with any other Claims.What procedures and law are applicable in arbitration? A single, neutral arbitrator will resolve Claims. The arbitrator will be either a lawyer with at least ten years experience or a retired or former judge, selected in accordance with the rules of the arbitration firm. The arbitration will follow procedures and rules of the arbitration firm in effect on the date the arbitration is filed unless those procedures and rules are inconsistent with this Agreement, in which case this Agree- ment will prevail. Those procedures and rules may limit the discovery available to you or us. The arbitrator will take reasonable steps to protect customer account information and other confidential information if requested to do so by you or us. The arbitrator will apply applicable substantive law consistent with the FAA and applicable statutes of limitations, will honor claims of privilege recognized at law, and will have the power to award to a party any damages or other relief provided for under applicable law. You or we may choose to have a hearing and be represented by counsel. The arbitrator will make any award in writing and, if requested by you or us, will provide a brief statement of the reasons for the award. An award in arbitration shall determine the rights and obligations between the named parties only, and only in respect of the Claims in arbitration, and shall not have any bearing on the rights and obligations of any other person, or on the resolution of any other dispute.Who pays? Whoever files the arbitration pays the initial filingfee. If we file, we pay; if you file, you pay, unless you get a fee waiver under the applicable rules of the arbitration firm. If you have paid the initial filing fee and you prevail, we will reimburse you for that fee. If there is a hearing, we will pay any fees of the arbitrator and arbitration firm for the first day of that hearing. All other fees will be allocated as provided by the rules of the arbitration firm and applicable law. However, we will advance or reimburse your fees if the arbitration firm or arbitrator determines there is good reason for requiring us to do so, or if you ask us and we determine there is good reason for doing so. Each party will bear the expense of that partyÕs attorneys, experts, and witnesses, and other expenses, regardless of which party prevails, but a party may recover any or all expenses from another party if the arbitrator, applying applicable law, so determines. 1314158049189Y Who can be a party? Claims must be brought in the name of an individual person or entity and must proceed on an individual (non-class, non-representative) basis. The arbi- trator will not award relief for or against anyone who is not a party. If you or we require arbitration of a Claim, neither you, we, nor any other person may pursue the Claim in arbitration as a class action, private attorney general action or other representative action, nor may such Claim be pursued on your or our behalf in any litigation in any court. Claims, including assigned Claims, of two or more persons may not be joined or consolidated in the same arbitration. However, applicants, co-applicants, authorized users on a single account and/or related accounts, or corporate affiliates are here considered as one person.When is an arbitration award final? The arbitratorÕs award is final and binding on the parties unless a party appeals it in writing to the arbitration firm within fifteen days of notice of the award. The appeal must request a new arbitration before a panel of three neutral arbitrators designated by the same arbitration firm. The panel will consider all factual and legal issues anew, follow the same rules that apply to a proceeding using a single arbitrator, and make decisions based on the vote of the majority. Costs will be allocated in the same way they are allocated for arbitration before a single arbitrator. An award by a panel is final and binding on the parties after fifteen days has passed. A final and binding award is subject to judicial review and enforcement as provided by the FAA or other applicable law. Survival and Severability of Terms This arbitration provision shall survive: (i) termination or changes in the Agreement, the account, or the relationship between you and us concerning the account; (ii) the bank- ruptcy of any party; and (iii) any transfer, sale or assignment of your account, or any amounts owed on your account, to any other person or entity. If any portion of this arbitration provision is deemed invalid or unenforceable, the entire arbitration provision shall not remain in force. No portion of this arbitration provision may be amended, severed or waived absent a written agreement between you and us.Governing Law and Enforcing our Rights Governing Law. Federal law and the law of South Dakota,where we are located, govern the terms and enforcement of this Agreement.Enforcing this Agreement. We will not lose our rights under this Agreement because we delay in enforcing them or fail to enforce them. Collection Costs. To the extent permitted by law, you are liable to us for our legal costs if we refer collection of your account to a lawyer who is not our salaried employee. These costs may include reasonable attorneysÕ fees. They may also include costs and expenses of any legal action.Assignment. We may assign any or all of our rights and obligations under this Agreement to a third party. For Further InformationCall us toll-free for further information. Call the toll-free Customer Service telephone number shown on the billing statement or on the back of your card. You can also call local or toll-free Directory Assistance to get our telephone number. Ken StorkCitibank, N.A. Vice PresidentP.O. Box 6000 Sioux Falls, SD 57117 Your Billing Rights: Keep this Document for Future UseThis notice tells you about your rights and our responsibil- ities under the Fair Credit Billing Act.What To Do If You Find A Mistake On Y our StatementIf you think there is an error on your statement, write to us at the address for billing inquiries and correspondence shown on the front of your statement.In your letter, give us the following information: ¥ Account information: Your name and account number. ¥ Dollar amount: The dollar amount of the suspected error. ¥ Description of problem: If you think there is an error onyour bill, describe what you believe is wrong and why you believe it is a mistake.You must contact us: ¥ Within 60 days after the error appeared on your statement.¥ At least 3 business days before an automated payment isscheduled, if you want to stop payment on the amount you think is wrong.You must notify us of any potential errors in writing . You may call us, but if you do we are not required to investigate any po- tential errors and you may have to pay the amount in question.What Will Happen After We Receive Your LetterWhen we receive your letter, we must do two things: 1. Within 30 days of receiving your letter, we must tell you that we received your letter. We will also tell you if we have already corrected the error. 2. Within 90 days of receiving your letter, we must either correct the error or explain to you why we believe the bill is correct.While we investigate whether or not there has been an error:¥ We cannot try to collect the amount in question, or report you as delinquent on that amount.¥ The charge in question may remain on your statement, andwe may continue to charge you interest on that amount.¥ While you do not have to pay the amount in question,you are responsible for the remainder of your balance.¥ We can apply any unpaid amount against your revolving credit limit.After we finish our investigation, one of two things will happen:¥ If we made a mistake : You will not have to pay the amount in question or any interest or other fees related to that amount.¥ If we do not believe there was a mistake: You will have to pay the amount in question, along with applicable interest and fees. We will send you a statement of the amount you owe and the date payment is due. We may then report you as delinquent if you do not pay the amount we think you owe.If you receive our explanation but still believe your bill iswrong, you must write to us within 10 daystelling us that you still refuse to pay. If you do so, we cannot report you as delinquent without also reporting that you are questioning your bill. We must tell you the name of anyone to whom we 168049189Y reported you as delinquent, and we must let those organiza-tions know when the matter has been settled between us.If we do not follow all of the rules above, you do not have topay the first $50 of the amount you question even if your bill is correct. Your Rights If You Are Dissatisfied With Your CreditCard PurchasesIf you are dissatisfied with the goods or services that you have purchased with your credit card, and you have tried in good faith to correct the problem with the merchant, you may have the right not to pay the remaining amount due on the purchase. To use this right, all of the following must be true: 1. The purchase must have been made in your home state or within100 miles of your current mailing address, and the purchase price must have been more than $50. (Note: Neither of these are necessary if your purchase was based on an advertisement we mailed to you, or ifwe own the company that sold you the goods or services.) 2. You must have used your credit card for the purchase. Purchases made with cash advances from an ATM or with a check that accesses your credit card account do not qualify. 3. You must not yet have fully paid for the purchase. If all of the criteria above are met and you are still dissatisfiedwith the purchase, contact us in writing at the address forbilling inquiries and correspondence shown on the front of your statement. While we investigate, the same rules apply to the disputedamount as discussed above. After we finish our investigation, we will tell you our decision. At that point, if we think you owe an amount and you do not pay, we may report you as delinquent.©2013 Citibank, N.A. 8049189Y07/13\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "wF1CoP6CAGEC",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        "with open('/content/drive/My Drive/Test_corpus_SUMM/06_28.xml', \"r\") as f:\n",
        "        contents = f.read()\n",
        "        soup = BeautifulSoup(contents, 'lxml')\n",
        "        \n",
        "\n",
        "required0 = soup.find_all(\"citances\")\n",
        "sentence = []\n",
        "for i in required0:\n",
        "    sentence.append(i.get_text())"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "BT8CE0ibrxh2",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "d6f1e44c-5353-44d0-cf0d-c9845952138b",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 55
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "sentence"
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "[\"\\n1 On 17 January 2006, the second respondent, Michael Saadey Abdul-Karim ('Mr Abdul-Karim'), signed an authority under s 188 of the Bankruptcy Act 1966 (Cth) ('the Act') naming and authorising the first respondent, Nicholas James Eddy ('Mr Eddy'), as his controlling trustee under Part X of the Act. An application by the applicant, the Council of the New South Wales Bar Association ('the Bar Council'), to set that authority aside was rejected by me on 3 February 2006: See Council of New South Wales Bar Association v Abdul-Karim [2006] FCA 28. \\n\"]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          },
          "execution_count": 98
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "J41Pu9iJwKPn",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        ""
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "oHqjysmlEFlr",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "ee6c8520-4871-4ce0-b82a-ddfaf2cffb09",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 701
        }
      },
      "source": [
        "\n",
        "                "
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['CORPORATIONS ACT 2001 ',\n",
              " 'TRADE PRACTICES ACT 1974 ',\n",
              " 'INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ACT 1988 ',\n",
              " 'TRADE MARKS ACT 1995 ',\n",
              " 'MUTUAL ASSISTANCE IN CRIMINAL MATTERS LEGISLATION AMENDMENT BILL 1996 ',\n",
              " 'TRADE PRACTICES ACT 1974 ',\n",
              " 'ACTS INTERPRETATION ACT 1901 ',\n",
              " 'TRADE PRACTICES ACT 1974 ',\n",
              " 'MIGRATION ACT 1958 ',\n",
              " 'CORPORATIONS ACT 2001 ',\n",
              " 'BANKRUPTCY ACT 1966 ',\n",
              " 'FEDERAL COURT RULES 1979 ',\n",
              " 'MIGRATION ACT 1958 ',\n",
              " 'PATENTS ACT 1990 ',\n",
              " 'TRADE PRACTICES ACT 1974 ',\n",
              " 'MIGRATION ACT 1958 ',\n",
              " 'NATIVE TITLE ACT 1993 ',\n",
              " 'BANKRUPTCY ACT 1966 ',\n",
              " 'ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALS TRIBUNAL ACT 1975 ',\n",
              " 'MIGRATION ACT 1958 ',\n",
              " 'TRADE PRACTICES ACT 1974 ',\n",
              " 'ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALS TRIBUNAL ACT 1975 ',\n",
              " 'MIGRATION ACT 1958 ',\n",
              " 'MIGRATION ACT 1958 ',\n",
              " 'BANKRUPTCY ACT 1966 ',\n",
              " 'FEDERAL COURT RULES 1979 ',\n",
              " 'TRADE PRACTICES ACT 1974 ',\n",
              " 'JUDICIARY ACT 1903 ',\n",
              " 'FEDERAL COURT RULES 1979 ',\n",
              " 'FEDERAL COURT RULES 1979 ',\n",
              " 'ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALS TRIBUNAL ACT 1975 ',\n",
              " 'FEDERAL COURT RULES 1979 ',\n",
              " 'FEDERAL COURT RULES 1979 ',\n",
              " 'ABORIGINAL AND TORRES STRAIT ISLANDER HERITAGE PROTECTION ACT 1984 ',\n",
              " 'MIGRATION ACT 1958 ',\n",
              " 'INCOME TAX ASSESSMENT ACT 1936 ',\n",
              " 'INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ACT 1988 ',\n",
              " 'CRIMES ACT 1914 ']"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          },
          "execution_count": 40
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ZT7HpZXvZmzI",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        ""
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "OvCS16sv1QuV",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        ""
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "z0p-EbkBA5S6",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        ""
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "HG5--KKwBDIN",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "27723bc6-f2b2-43ed-8581-5bb552cfbf1f",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 222
        }
      },
      "source": [
        ""
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "<div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>170</th>\n",
              "      <th>841of</th>\n",
              "      <th>ability</th>\n",
              "      <th>absence</th>\n",
              "      <th>accident</th>\n",
              "      <th>accommodation</th>\n",
              "      <th>account</th>\n",
              "      <th>action</th>\n",
              "      <th>actor</th>\n",
              "      <th>addition</th>\n",
              "      <th>adequacy</th>\n",
              "      <th>allegation</th>\n",
              "      <th>analysis</th>\n",
              "      <th>anyone</th>\n",
              "      <th>appeal</th>\n",
              "      <th>appellant</th>\n",
              "      <th>applicant</th>\n",
              "      <th>application</th>\n",
              "      <th>area</th>\n",
              "      <th>argument</th>\n",
              "      <th>aspect</th>\n",
              "      <th>assessment</th>\n",
              "      <th>assistance</th>\n",
              "      <th>attention</th>\n",
              "      <th>authority</th>\n",
              "      <th>behalf</th>\n",
              "      <th>belief</th>\n",
              "      <th>beliefs</th>\n",
              "      <th>blanket</th>\n",
              "      <th>body</th>\n",
              "      <th>breach</th>\n",
              "      <th>building</th>\n",
              "      <th>business</th>\n",
              "      <th>campaign</th>\n",
              "      <th>canister</th>\n",
              "      <th>care</th>\n",
              "      <th>case</th>\n",
              "      <th>cause</th>\n",
              "      <th>century</th>\n",
              "      <th>certificate</th>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
              "      <th>significance</th>\n",
              "      <th>similarity</th>\n",
              "      <th>situation</th>\n",
              "      <th>sought</th>\n",
              "      <th>speculation</th>\n",
              "      <th>speeding</th>\n",
              "      <th>state</th>\n",
              "      <th>status</th>\n",
              "      <th>stress</th>\n",
              "      <th>subject</th>\n",
              "      <th>submission</th>\n",
              "      <th>subparas</th>\n",
              "      <th>subrule</th>\n",
              "      <th>success</th>\n",
              "      <th>suggestion</th>\n",
              "      <th>support</th>\n",
              "      <th>supporter</th>\n",
              "      <th>suppression</th>\n",
              "      <th>supra</th>\n",
              "      <th>surmise</th>\n",
              "      <th>system</th>\n",
              "      <th>termination</th>\n",
              "      <th>test</th>\n",
              "      <th>tort</th>\n",
              "      <th>traffic</th>\n",
              "      <th>trial</th>\n",
              "      <th>tribunal</th>\n",
              "      <th>understanding</th>\n",
              "      <th>union</th>\n",
              "      <th>unwillingness</th>\n",
              "      <th>view</th>\n",
              "      <th>violence</th>\n",
              "      <th>virtue</th>\n",
              "      <th>visa</th>\n",
              "      <th>want</th>\n",
              "      <th>weight</th>\n",
              "      <th>well</th>\n",
              "      <th>wife</th>\n",
              "      <th>witness</th>\n",
              "      <th>woman</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>from_06_12</th>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>from_06_7</th>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>from_06_3</th>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>from_06_16</th>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>4 rows × 297 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>"
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "            170  841of  ability  absence  ...  well  wife  witness  woman\n",
              "from_06_12    1      0        0        0  ...     0     0        0      0\n",
              "from_06_7     0      1        0        0  ...     0     0        0      0\n",
              "from_06_3     0      0        1        1  ...     1     1        0      1\n",
              "from_06_16    0      0        0        0  ...     0     0        1      0\n",
              "\n",
              "[4 rows x 297 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          },
          "execution_count": 93
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Et7ZVdKcZPKb",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "d7ec58ca-3685-4a82-eb9e-f01b1b43dbb1",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 55
        }
      },
      "source": [
        ""
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "'conduct suppression crime police duty care member community instance custody person group case negligence result damage proposition latitude discharge choice enforcement protection public harm blanket immunity officer injury subject operation number similarity policeman traffic flow accident situation canister building fire speeding driver pursuit support office course investigation injure family submission exercise contemplation rise inconsistency performance necessity action risk relief sought remedy breach fairness order decision concession discovery attention element tort form malice question intent knowledge power indifference possibility occasioning collection opinion rule respondent application process entitlement surmise speculation conjecture -170 event official distinct addition justice Order identity information applicant description purpose proceeding possession document Information contrast cause argument authority aspect extend evidence property suggestion detail body relevance subparas right test subrule level belief pre-action doubt claim supra Master DISCOVERY relationship plaintiff meaning effect pursuant faith recklessness want state mind outcome form. understanding allegation misfeasance judgment party issue need doctrine expectation part peace servant anyone discretion disposition force concentration area direction matter'"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          },
          "execution_count": 79
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "CYFLnTEWSegR",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "outputId": "a95d0611-166f-4239-89d6-2085f9d8ed37",
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 55
        }
      },
      "source": [
        ""
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "'conduct suppression crime police duty care member community instance custody person group case negligence result damage proposition latitude discharge choice enforcement protection public harm blanket immunity officer injury subject operation number similarity policeman traffic flow accident situation canister building fire speeding driver pursuit support office course investigation injure family submission exercise contemplation rise inconsistency performance necessity action risk relief sought remedy breach fairness order decision concession discovery attention element tort form malice question intent knowledge power indifference possibility occasioning collection opinion rule respondent application process entitlement surmise speculation conjecture -170 event official distinct addition justice Order identity information applicant description purpose proceeding possession document Information contrast cause argument authority aspect extend evidence property suggestion detail body relevance subparas right test subrule level belief pre-action doubt claim supra Master DISCOVERY relationship plaintiff meaning effect pursuant faith recklessness want state mind outcome form. understanding allegation misfeasance judgment party issue need doctrine expectation part peace servant anyone discretion disposition force concentration area direction matter'"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          },
          "execution_count": 76
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "L8cspWfIZb63",
        "colab_type": "code",
        "colab": {}
      },
      "source": [
        ""
      ],
      "execution_count": 0,
      "outputs": []
    }
  ]
}