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35 changes: 35 additions & 0 deletions frameworks/Go/kruda/README.md
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# Kruda — TechEmpower Framework Benchmarks

[Kruda](https://github.com/go-kruda/kruda) (ครุฑ) is a high-performance Go web framework combining speed with type-safety through Go generics.

## Test Types

All 7 TFB test types:

- `/json` — JSON serialization
- `/plaintext` — Plaintext
- `/db` — Single database query
- `/queries?queries=N` — Multiple database queries
- `/updates?queries=N` — Database updates
- `/fortunes` — Fortunes (HTML rendering with XSS escaping)
- `/cached-queries?count=N` — Cached queries

## Build & Run (Local)

```bash
docker compose up --build
```

- Kruda: http://localhost:8080
- PostgreSQL: localhost:5432

## Key Optimizations

- Zero-allocation JSON/plaintext handlers (pre-allocated response bytes)
- Manual JSON serializer using `strconv.AppendInt` (no `encoding/json`)
- Manual HTML builder with byte-level XSS escaping (no `html/template`)
- Tiered `sync.Pool` buffer pools (1KB / 8KB / 32KB)
- `pgx.Batch` for single-roundtrip multi-query and update operations
- Flat-array in-memory cache for cached queries (0-alloc lookups)
- Atomic date header cache (1-second refresh)
- Wing transport: epoll per-worker, zero-copy response building
31 changes: 31 additions & 0 deletions frameworks/Go/kruda/benchmark_config.json
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{
"framework": "kruda",
"tests": [
{
"default": {
"json_url": "/json",
"plaintext_url": "/plaintext",
"db_url": "/db",
"query_url": "/queries?n=",
"update_url": "/updates?n=",
"fortune_url": "/fortunes",
"cached_query_url": "/cached-queries?n=",
"port": 8080,
"approach": "Realistic",
"classification": "Micro",
"database": "Postgres",
"database_os": "Linux",
"display_name": "Kruda",
"framework": "kruda",
"language": "Go",
"flavor": "None",
"orm": "Raw",
"os": "Linux",
"platform": "None",
"webserver": "None",
"versus": "go",
"notes": ""
}
}
]
}
20 changes: 20 additions & 0 deletions frameworks/Go/kruda/config.toml
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[framework]
name = "kruda"

[main]
urls.plaintext = "/plaintext"
urls.json = "/json"
urls.db = "/db"
urls.query = "/queries?n="
urls.update = "/updates?n="
urls.fortune = "/fortunes"
urls.cached_query = "/cached-queries?n="
approach = "Realistic"
classification = "Micro"
database = "Postgres"
database_os = "Linux"
os = "Linux"
orm = "Raw"
platform = "None"
webserver = "None"
versus = "go"
17 changes: 17 additions & 0 deletions frameworks/Go/kruda/kruda.dockerfile
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FROM golang:1.26-alpine AS builder

RUN apk add --no-cache git

WORKDIR /kruda
COPY ./src /kruda

RUN GOAMD64=v3 go build -ldflags="-s -w" -gcflags="-B" -trimpath -o app .

FROM alpine:3.20
RUN apk --no-cache add ca-certificates tzdata
WORKDIR /kruda
COPY --from=builder /kruda/app .

EXPOSE 8080
ENV GOGC=500 GOMEMLIMIT=512MiB
CMD ["./app"]
29 changes: 29 additions & 0 deletions frameworks/Go/kruda/src/go.mod
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module tfb-kruda

go 1.25.8

require (
github.com/go-kruda/kruda v1.0.2
github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.8.0
)

require (
github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.2.0 // indirect
github.com/bytedance/gopkg v0.1.3 // indirect
github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.15.0 // indirect
github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.5.0 // indirect
github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.6 // indirect
github.com/go-kruda/kruda/transport/wing v1.0.2 // indirect
github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 // indirect
github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20240606120523-5a60cdf6a761 // indirect
github.com/jackc/puddle/v2 v2.2.2 // indirect
github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.2 // indirect
github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.9 // indirect
github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 // indirect
github.com/valyala/bytebufferpool v1.0.0 // indirect
github.com/valyala/fasthttp v1.69.0 // indirect
golang.org/x/arch v0.0.0-20210923205945-b76863e36670 // indirect
golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0 // indirect
golang.org/x/sys v0.39.0 // indirect
golang.org/x/text v0.32.0 // indirect
)
64 changes: 64 additions & 0 deletions frameworks/Go/kruda/src/go.sum
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@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.2.0 h1:ukwgCxwYrmACq68yiUqwIWnGY0cTPox/M94sVwToPjQ=
github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.2.0/go.mod h1:rzTDkvFWvIrjDXZHkuS16NPggd91W3kUSvPlQ1pLaKY=
github.com/bytedance/gopkg v0.1.3 h1:TPBSwH8RsouGCBcMBktLt1AymVo2TVsBVCY4b6TnZ/M=
github.com/bytedance/gopkg v0.1.3/go.mod h1:576VvJ+eJgyCzdjS+c4+77QF3p7ubbtiKARP3TxducM=
github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.15.0 h1:/PXeWFaR5ElNcVE84U0dOHjiMHQOwNIx3K4ymzh/uSE=
github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.15.0/go.mod h1:tFkWrPz0/CUCLEF4ri4UkHekCIcdnkqXw9VduqpJh0k=
github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.5.0 h1:gXH3KVnatgY7loH5/TkeVyXPfESoqSBSBEiDd5VjlgE=
github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.5.0/go.mod h1:AR4NYCk5DdzZizZ5djGqQ92eEhCCcdf5x77udYiSJRo=
github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.6 h1:t11wG9AECkCDk5fMSoxmufanudBtJ+/HemLstXDLI2M=
github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.6/go.mod h1:OFcloc187FXDaYHvrNIjxSe8ncn0OOM8gEHfghB2IPU=
github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc h1:U9qPSI2PIWSS1VwoXQT9A3Wy9MM3WgvqSxFWenqJduM=
github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
github.com/go-kruda/kruda v1.0.2 h1:bnCZ0tXlhZI9faRjCt6ccdJovz/QNIHTPiuxXLPOv1w=
github.com/go-kruda/kruda v1.0.2/go.mod h1:sc04NvBp8ehU1TJfBySq5PfP7Kprq4eOcdpVJm1KmPI=
github.com/go-kruda/kruda/transport/wing v1.0.2 h1:jg8g97wuEDuZajdH1Zp/cF+1uROqVyBUcUtePxt6bno=
github.com/go-kruda/kruda/transport/wing v1.0.2/go.mod h1:doqpIC6CMekIMrGWKugq/927Kr9d6jWORgK8zQ7uYPI=
github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 h1:/6Hmqy13Ss2zCq62VdNG8tM1wchn8zjSGOBJ6icpsIM=
github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0/go.mod h1:CEx0iS5ambNFdcRtxPj5JhEz+xB6uRky5eyVu/W2HEg=
github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20240606120523-5a60cdf6a761 h1:iCEnooe7UlwOQYpKFhBabPMi4aNAfoODPEFNiAnClxo=
github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20240606120523-5a60cdf6a761/go.mod h1:5TJZWKEWniPve33vlWYSoGYefn3gLQRzjfDlhSJ9ZKM=
github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.8.0 h1:TYPDoleBBme0xGSAX3/+NujXXtpZn9HBONkQC7IEZSo=
github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.8.0/go.mod h1:QVeDInX2m9VyzvNeiCJVjCkNFqzsNb43204HshNSZKw=
github.com/jackc/puddle/v2 v2.2.2 h1:PR8nw+E/1w0GLuRFSmiioY6UooMp6KJv0/61nB7icHo=
github.com/jackc/puddle/v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:vriiEXHvEE654aYKXXjOvZM39qJ0q+azkZFrfEOc3H4=
github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.2 h1:iiPHWW0YrcFgpBYhsA6D1+fqHssJscY/Tm/y2Uqnapk=
github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.2/go.mod h1:R0h/fSBs8DE4ENlcrlib3PsXS61voFxhIs2DeRhCvJ4=
github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.9 h1:66ze0taIn2H33fBvCkXuv9BmCwDfafmiIVpKV9kKGuY=
github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.9/go.mod h1:rqkxqrZ1EhYM9G+hXH7YdowN5R5RGN6NK4QwQ3WMXF8=
github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.0/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+wExME=
github.com/stretchr/objx v0.4.0/go.mod h1:YvHI0jy2hoMjB+UWwv71VJQ9isScKT/TqJzVSSt89Yw=
github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.0/go.mod h1:Yh+to48EsGEfYuaHDzXPcE3xhTkx73EhmCGUpEOglKo=
github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.2/go.mod h1:FRsXN1f5AsAjCGJKqEizvkpNtU+EGNCLh3NxZ/8L+MA=
github.com/stretchr/testify v1.3.0/go.mod h1:M5WIy9Dh21IEIfnGCwXGc5bZfKNJtfHm1UVUgZn+9EI=
github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.0/go.mod h1:yNjHg4UonilssWZ8iaSj1OCr/vHnekPRkoO+kdMU+MU=
github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.4/go.mod h1:sz/lmYIOXD/1dqDmKjjqLyZ2RngseejIcXlSw2iwfAo=
github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1 h1:7s2iGBzp5EwR7/aIZr8ao5+dra3wiQyKjjFuvgVKu7U=
github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1/go.mod h1:wZwfW3scLgRK+23gO65QZefKpKQRnfz6sD981Nm4B6U=
github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 h1:SU5vSMR7hnwNxj24w34ZyCi/FmDZTkS4MhqMhdFk5YI=
github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1/go.mod h1:a1lVb/DtPvCB8fslRZhAngC2+aY1QWCk3Cedj/Gdt08=
github.com/valyala/bytebufferpool v1.0.0 h1:GqA5TC/0021Y/b9FG4Oi9Mr3q7XYx6KllzawFIhcdPw=
github.com/valyala/bytebufferpool v1.0.0/go.mod h1:6bBcMArwyJ5K/AmCkWv1jt77kVWyCJ6HpOuEn7z0Csc=
github.com/valyala/fasthttp v1.69.0 h1:fNLLESD2SooWeh2cidsuFtOcrEi4uB4m1mPrkJMZyVI=
github.com/valyala/fasthttp v1.69.0/go.mod h1:4wA4PfAraPlAsJ5jMSqCE2ug5tqUPwKXxVj8oNECGcw=
github.com/xyproto/randomstring v1.0.5 h1:YtlWPoRdgMu3NZtP45drfy1GKoojuR7hmRcnhZqKjWU=
github.com/xyproto/randomstring v1.0.5/go.mod h1:rgmS5DeNXLivK7YprL0pY+lTuhNQW3iGxZ18UQApw/E=
golang.org/x/arch v0.0.0-20210923205945-b76863e36670 h1:18EFjUmQOcUvxNYSkA6jO9VAiXCnxFY6NyDX0bHDmkU=
golang.org/x/arch v0.0.0-20210923205945-b76863e36670/go.mod h1:5om86z9Hs0C8fWVUuoMHwpExlXzs5Tkyp9hOrfG7pp8=
golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0 h1:vV+1eWNmZ5geRlYjzm2adRgW2/mcpevXNg50YZtPCE4=
golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0/go.mod h1:9KTHXmSnoGruLpwFjVSX0lNNA75CykiMECbovNTZqGI=
golang.org/x/sys v0.39.0 h1:CvCKL8MeisomCi6qNZ+wbb0DN9E5AATixKsvNtMoMFk=
golang.org/x/sys v0.39.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
golang.org/x/text v0.32.0 h1:ZD01bjUt1FQ9WJ0ClOL5vxgxOI/sVCNgX1YtKwcY0mU=
golang.org/x/text v0.32.0/go.mod h1:o/rUWzghvpD5TXrTIBuJU77MTaN0ljMWE47kxGJQ7jY=
gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
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