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Quarkus potentially leaks data when duplicating a duplicated context

Moderate severity GitHub Reviewed Published Jun 23, 2025 in quarkusio/quarkus • Updated Jun 27, 2025

Package

maven io.quarkus:quarkus-vertx (Maven)

Affected versions

<= 3.15.5
>= 3.16.0.CR1, <= 3.20.1
>= 3.21.0.CR1, < 3.24.0

Patched versions

3.24.0

Description

Impact

Vert.x 4.5.12 has changed the semantics of the duplication of duplicated context.

Duplicated context is an object used to propagate data through a processing (synchronous or asynchronous). Each "transaction" or "processing" runs on its own isolated duplicated context.

Initially, duplicating a duplicated context was creating a fresh (empty) new context, meaning that the new duplicated context can be used to managed a separated transaction.

In Vert.x 4.5.12, this semantics has changed, and since the content of the parent duplicated context is copied into the new one, potentially leaking data.

This CVE is especially for Quarkus as Quarkus extensively uses the Vert.x duplicated context to implement context propagation. With the new semantic data from one transaction can leak to the data from another transaction. From a Vert.x point of view, this new semantic clarifies the behavior.

A significant amount of data is stored in the duplicated context, including request scope, security details, and metadata. Duplicating a duplicated context is rather rare and is only done in a few places:

  • Quarkus REST Client when using OTel (but it's the same transaction, so no leak)
  • Quarkus Messaging connectors
  • Quarkus SmallRye Health (same transaction, so no leak)

Patches

After discussion with the Vert.x team, the change will be rolled back in Vert.x 4.x. A new API will be added to Vert.x 5 do distinguish the 2 cases.

Workarounds

When duplicating a duplicated context, the following code can be done to avoid the potential leak:

((ContextInternal) VertxContext.getRootContext(ctx)).duplicate()

This workaround would not be required once the Vert.x version containing the fix will be included. Note that the workaround would still work.

References

This issue have been reported in quarkusio/quarkus#48227.

References

@cescoffier cescoffier published to quarkusio/quarkus Jun 23, 2025
Published to the GitHub Advisory Database Jun 23, 2025
Reviewed Jun 23, 2025
Published by the National Vulnerability Database Jun 23, 2025
Last updated Jun 27, 2025

Severity

Moderate

CVSS overall score

This score calculates overall vulnerability severity from 0 to 10 and is based on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS).
/ 10

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector
Adjacent
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
None

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector: More severe the more the remote (logically and physically) an attacker can be in order to exploit the vulnerability.
Attack complexity: More severe for the least complex attacks.
Privileges required: More severe if no privileges are required.
User interaction: More severe when no user interaction is required.
Scope: More severe when a scope change occurs, e.g. one vulnerable component impacts resources in components beyond its security scope.
Confidentiality: More severe when loss of data confidentiality is highest, measuring the level of data access available to an unauthorized user.
Integrity: More severe when loss of data integrity is the highest, measuring the consequence of data modification possible by an unauthorized user.
Availability: More severe when the loss of impacted component availability is highest.
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

EPSS score

Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

This score estimates the probability of this vulnerability being exploited within the next 30 days. Data provided by FIRST.
(7th percentile)

Weaknesses

CVE ID

CVE-2025-49574

GHSA ID

GHSA-9623-mj7j-p9v4

Source code

Credits

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