[Parquet] Avoid copying LogicalType in ColumnOrder::get_sort_order, deprecate get_logical_type

[alamb]

Which issue does this PR close?

• Builds on perf: Speed up Parquet file writing (10%, back to speed of 56) #8786 from @etseidl

Rationale for this change

@etseidl suggested:

A further optimization would be to change ColumnOrder::get_sort_order to take an Option<&LogicalType>, but that is a breaking API change.

What changes are included in this PR?

1. Deprecate ColumnOrder::get_sort_order
2. Add ColumnOrder::sort_order_for_type` that returns the same value

Are these changes tested?

Yes by CI

Note I was not able to observe any changes in benchmark performance with this, so I am not sure it it worth doing

Are there any user-facing changes?

There is a new API but I think there not many people use this (low level) API so the disruption should be minimal

[etseidl]

If we deprecate the logical_type getters in this PR, then that's justification enough for the new function.

I agree this isn't an earth shaking performance enhancer 😄 But it might have a small effect on the metadata decoding.

[alamb]

If we deprecate the logical_type getters in this PR, then that's justification enough for the new function.

I can certainly do that

[alamb]

here is one deprecation

[alamb]

I just straight up deprecated the non reference version

[alamb]

If we deprecate the logical_type getters in this PR, then that's justification enough for the new function.

I deprecated it

[etseidl]

Thanks @alamb!

[alamb]

🤖 ./gh_compare_arrow.sh Benchmark Script Running
Linux aal-dev 6.14.0-1018-gcp #19~24.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Wed Sep 24 23:23:09 UTC 2025 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Comparing alamb/more_refs (2b6b876) to 40300ca diff
BENCH_NAME=metadata
BENCH_COMMAND=cargo bench --features=arrow,async,test_common,experimental --bench metadata
BENCH_FILTER=
BENCH_BRANCH_NAME=alamb_more_refs
Results will be posted here when complete

[alamb]

🤖: Benchmark completed

Details

group                             alamb_more_refs                        main
-----                             ---------------                        ----
decode parquet metadata           1.01      9.5±0.03µs        ? ?/sec    1.00      9.4±0.05µs        ? ?/sec
decode parquet metadata (wide)    1.00     43.0±0.21ms        ? ?/sec    1.03     44.1±0.18ms        ? ?/sec
open(default)                     1.00     10.0±0.12µs        ? ?/sec    1.01     10.0±0.11µs        ? ?/sec
open(page index)                  1.01    169.4±0.81µs        ? ?/sec    1.00    168.2±0.47µs        ? ?/sec

[alamb]

🤖 ./gh_compare_arrow.sh Benchmark Script Running
Linux aal-dev 6.14.0-1018-gcp #19~24.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Wed Sep 24 23:23:09 UTC 2025 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Comparing alamb/more_refs (2b6b876) to 40300ca diff
BENCH_NAME=arrow_reader
BENCH_COMMAND=cargo bench --features=arrow,async,test_common,experimental --bench arrow_reader
BENCH_FILTER=
BENCH_BRANCH_NAME=alamb_more_refs
Results will be posted here when complete