[FLINK-36470][build] Bump checkstyle to 10+ #1158

Job	Run time
Pre-compile Checks / Basic QA	13m 19s
Default (Java 11) / Compile	12m 8s
Default (Java 11) / E2E (group 1)	1h 26m 0s
Default (Java 11) / Test (module: core)	30m 36s
Default (Java 11) / Test packaging/licensing	38m 17s
Default (Java 11) / E2E (group 2)	1h 47m 58s
Default (Java 11) / Test (module: python)	30m 34s
Default (Java 11) / Test (module: table)	33m 31s
Default (Java 11) / Test (module: connect)	21m 35s
Default (Java 11) / Test (module: tests)	37m 37s
Default (Java 11) / Test (module: misc)	28m 28s
	7h 20m 3s

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